65
The S c i e n c e R e p o r t s o f t h e Kanazawa U n i v e r s i t y
,Vo l . V I
,N o . 2
,p p . 6 5 ‑ ‑ ‑ 6 8
,May
,1 9 5 9 00 the D i e l e c t r i c Properties of Polycapramide
By Mitsuo IDA
吋( R e c e i v e d S e p t e m b e r 2 2
,1 9 5 8 ) 1 . Introdudion
On t h e d i e l e c t r i c p r o p e r t i e s o f polycapramidεFuchino and Okada
[l]s t u d i e d at f r e q u e n c i e s higher than 400kcjs , and Kawaguchi[2] a t 1 0 0 k c j s . Nylon which i s s i m i l a r on t h e s t r u c t u r e a s polycapramide was studied i n d e t a i l by Baker and Y a g e r [ 3 ] at f r e q u e n c i e s higher than 1 k c j s . Th
官p r e s e n t author εxamined p o l y c a p r a
凶de d i e l e c ‑ t r i c a l l y a t f r e q u e n c i e s lower than 1 kcjs , and found t h a t polycapramide i s analogous to t z . h i g h e r a l c o h o l s .
Moreover i t was found t h
呂t polycapramide p l a c
告d between two m e t a l i c p l a t e s of d i f f e r e n t kinds developes an e l e c t r o m o t i v e f o r c e i n a smilar way a s t h e phenomenon discovered by Takeyama[4] i n n ‑ h i g h e r a l c o h o l s .
2
恥Experimentalprocedure (Materia l )
A specimen o f polycapramide kindly o f f e r e d by Toyo Rayon C o . was u s e d . I t s m . p . i s about 2 1 0 " C and s→ αtransition p o i n t i s about 1 5 0 " C . For t h e d i e l e c t r i c measurements d i s c s o f t h e m a t e r i a l 4.5 cm i n diameter and 2.0 m m o r 4.3 m m i n thickness were made by moulding and machining. These were covered with alminum f o i l s on both f a c e s using vacuum g r e a s e .
( D i e l e c t r i c measurem
日目的Two s o r t s o f c i r c u i t s were used i n t h e p r e s e n t experiment. In frequencies higher
F i g . 1 . C i r c u i t f o r low frequency m
回surement
後
P h y s i c a lI n s t i t u t e
,F a c u l t y o f S c i e n c e
,Kanazawa U n i v e r s i t y
6 6 民 主 . IDA
than 5 0 0 c / s a bridge was used i n t h e same way a s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e p r
巴v i o u spaper
よ5 J
For t h
思lowerfrequency r e g i o n we construcied a s p e c i a l c i r c u i t a s shown i n F i g . 1 s i m i l a r t o t h e type devisεd by Brown and Ramsay.[6
コAn RC type o s c i l l a t o r was usεd f o r frequ
色n c i e shigher than 20 c / s , and a motor‑driven s i n
色potentiometerwas used f o r f r e q u e n c i e s o f 1 c / s and 0 . 5
(Measurement o f eledromotive f o r c e )
The specimen was melt
巴d between two m e t a l i c p l a t e s ( d i s t a n c
日1 . 4m m , a r e a 3 cm 勺 o f d i f f e r
釘1 t kinds and then s o l i d i f i e d , and t h i s was p l a c e d i n a l i q u i d p a r a f f i n b
呂t hi n which t h
告 白mperatureo f t h e specimen was r e g u l a t e d . The eledromotive f o r c e was measured by a p o t e n t i o m e t e r o f 1 0
'11'sen
詰i v i t y .
3 . Experimental
問 呂u l t sand d i
邑c n s s i o
l1(Lower temperature r e g i o n )
The frequency dependency o f t h e d i e l e c t r i c c o n s t a n t a t WC i s shown i n F i g . 2 . T h ε d i s p e r s i o n
抗 告x t r a ‑ l o w
呂配ems t o be analogous t o t h a t discovered i n
7
I船 主 同 ‑ .A回 Z 包
5xlO‑' 1
,
1 0
\\\~~
‑'
1 0 '
A
1 0 '
Fig
,2 . Fr
告quencyd
告pend
日ncyo f the d i e l
記c t r i c c o n s t a n t a t 8 ' C
n ‑ h i g h e r a l c o h o 1 3 a t 2 0 ' C by Meakins and
1¥在u l l e y , [ 7 J who
号
I s
t h e f a c t by assuming t h e presence o f hydrogen‑bonded chains o f hydro
玄groups capable o f reversing t h e i r d i r e c t i o n s
,I n polycapramide a 1 s o t h e o r i e n t a t i o n o f p o l a r groups forming hydrogen bonding N‑H
, ・・・,,0i s probably the cause o f t h e d i s p e r s i o D . (Higher tθmperature r e g i o n )
Th
邑r e l a t i o n o f t h e r
告呂1p a r t
f?/and the negative imaginary p a r t e " o f t h e d i e l e c t r i c c o n s t a n t a t 1 5 0 ' C i 3 shown i n F i g . 3 .
The d i r e c t conductance e r r o r o f
,,1 1 , namely the a d d i t i v e c o n t r i b u t i o n t o
,,"from dc conductance was c o r r e c t e d by t h e s u b t r a c t i o n o f t h e dc conductance Gdc from the t o t a l conductance G (ω) a t each frequency
呂si n t h e previous pape r . [ 8 J The dc conductivity o f polycapramid
告wasdetermined by a vacuum tube electromeie , r
The graph i n F i g . 3 i s a c i r c u l a r a r c with i t s c
告n t e ra l i t t l e below t h e εaXls
,At
lower frequencies exp
巴rim
創l t a le r r o r s became l a r g e r and below a l i m i t i n g frequency
O
;zt ノ l e. D i e
んc t r i
ピProperties 0 / Polycapramitie 67
εd
80
60
~ム一一よ¥
、
、
F i g . 3 . Complex d i e l e c t r i c c o n s t a n t o f polycapramide a t 1 5 0
0C
( a b o u t 0 . 5 kc/s) n e i t h e r ε
Inor ε 1 1 could n o t be measured. The v a l u e Gdc f o r t h e case o f Fig.3 ammounted t o 5% o f t h e t o t a l conductance a t 20 kc/s and t o 30% a t 0.5kcjs.
I t was supposed from t h e previous s t u d i e s
[lJ [ 2 J t h a t a d i f f e r e n t kind o f dispersion w i l l happen a t frequencies higher t h a n 20 kc/s , but t h i s was n o t c o n f i r m e d by measurement.
The
呂bove‑mentionedphenomenon exhibited by polycapramide i n t h
色highert e
n:1p e r a t u r e r e g i o n seems t o be analogous t o t h a t found by t h
日p r e s e n tauthor
じ8 J i n
;z‑ h i g h e r a l c o h o l s . The anomalous d i e l e c t r i c p r o p e r t i e s o f polycapramide and n ‑ h i g h e r a l c o h o l s r n a y be s i m i l a r l y e x p l a i n e d .
(Electromotive f o r c e )
The e l e c t r o m o t i v e f o r c e developed by using Au and Pt p l a t e s a s two e l e c t r o d ε s i s shown i n F i g . 4 a s an example. As t o t h e p o l a r i t y Au i s p o s i t i v e and Pt i s negativ
告.The value o f t h e e l e c t r o m o t i v e f o r c e was n o t n e c ε s s a r i l y t h e same i n ev
♀ry c a s e , but was g e n e r a l l y independent o f t h e temperatu
印 .The d o t t e d curve i n F i g . 4 shows t h e temper
呂t u r e dependency o f t h e e l e c t r i c conductivity measured by a g
昌lvanometerby using n i c k e l e l e c t r o d e s . As t h e e l e c t r o m o t i v
母f o r c ewas measured by a potentiomet
町i t could n o t be measured when t h e e l e c t r i c conducti v i t y o f t h e specimen was poo r . But i t appeared t h a t ev
色na t temp 訂 以 u r e s lower than 1 0 0 ' C e l e c t r o m o t i v e f o r c e was d e v e l o p ε d . The p o l a r i t i e s o f t h e e l e c t r o m o t i v
色f o r c e developed by using s e v e r a l metals a r e
口lV
' ; 0 0
ト5 0 0
ト初日ト
J
t t F 3日日トJ / l E
比回刷e引tn conductlVlty2 0 0
ト F t,
J J 1 0 0
ト,
, . ,d ,
J J J J
0 8 1 0
園 出 . . . Ja 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 '0
F i g . 4 . Temperature dependency ( ' f t h e e l e c t r o m o t i v e f o r c e developed i n polycapramide by Au a n d pt p l a t e s , and o f t h e e l e c t r i c conduc‑
t i v i t y
68
shown b e l o w .
ーL
Au P t
M
,IDA
Au
Ni l P Ni I Ni I t l Ag l
Ni Zn
From t h i s we found t h a t t h e p o l a r i t i e s were the same a s when water was placed between t h e ε l e c t r o d e s i n s t e a d o f polycapramide. For comparison we measured t h e electromotive f o r c e developed using c e t y J a l c o h o l
from t h e Eastman Kodak C o . (m. p . 4 8 . , and found th
旦tthe p o l a r i t y wa3 t h e same a s i n t h e case o f polycapramide. For example t h e temperature dependency o f t h e eledromotive f o r c e developed using Pt and Ni as two eledrodes i 3 shown i n 5
図The f l u c t u a t i o n o f th
告 合l e c t r o m o t iv
巴f o
工c e was conSplCUQUS l n our
邑xperiment.
Though t h e measurement a t t h e temperatu
町sabove t h ε m. p . was d i f f i c u l t on account o f t h e poor conductivity , electromotive f o r c e o f t h e same o r d e r o f magnitude a s i n t h e s o l i d was a 1 s o d
在t e c t e dwhen t h e specimen was i n t h e l i q u i d s t a
問。Now we suppose t h a t eledromotive f o r c e 1S
?nv
' 0
日8 0
6 0 1 ‑
4 0 1 ‑
f ~. ~
•
.:tlcC廿C! cunductlvlty
2 0
o 1 0 b 3 0 ‑ 4 0 i 5 0 ‑
日F i g . 5 . Temperature dependency o f the e l e c ‑ tromotive f o r c e develop
邑d i n c e t y l a l c o h o l by Pt and Ni p l a t
巴呂developed by polycaprarnide and c e t y l a l c o h o l f o r a same r e a s o n
,1n Takeyama's expe f I m e n t [ 4 J using Pt and Au as e I e t r o d e s Pt was po
日i t i v eand Au negative and he concluded t h a t t h e r n e t a l with a 1
旦r g e rwork func t 1 0n showed p o s i t i v e p o l a r i t y . But i n our experim
記ntusing Pt and Au was p o s i t i v
世andi n t h a t using Ag and Ni , Ag was p o s i t i v e though Ag has a smaller wo
工k f u n c t i o n .
After a l l , t h
邑o ft h e electromotive f o r c e seemed t o be due t o t h e difference o f t h e i o n i z a t i o n tendencies o f t h e two metals with r e s p e c t t o the t r a c
日o fwater work contain
記d i 1 1 t h e sp
百cim
百五r a t h e r than t o the difference o f the f u n c t i o n s . The f a c t t h a t the elεctromotive f o r c e developed hyεspecimens was l a r g e r than t h a t pure sp
邑cimensseem t o support t h e s u p p o s i t i o n .
The author i s indehted t o
恥tIr .H. Mitani f o r the d i e l e c t r i c r n e a s u r
・ements.
告