JAIST Repository: デジタル経済下でのR&Dモデルの変容 :　エビデンスベースの科学技術イノベーション政策への啓発:構造解析

(1)

JAIST Repository

https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/

Title

デジタル経済下でのR&Dモデルの変容 : エビデンスベ

ースの科学技術イノベーション政策への啓発:構造解析

Author(s)

渡辺, 千仭; 藤, 祐司

Citation

年次学術大会講演要旨集, 34: 362-367

Issue Date

2019-10-26

Type

Conference Paper

Text version

publisher

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/10119/16586

Rights

本著作物は研究・イノベーション学会の許可のもとに

掲載するものです。This material is posted here

with permission of the Japan Society for Research

Policy and Innovation Management.

(2)

㸰㸿㸰㸲

ࢹࢪࢱࣝ⤒῭ୗ࡛ࡢ

R&D ࣔࢹࣝࡢኚᐜ

㸫

࢚ࣅࢹࣥࢫ࣮࣋ࢫࡢ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥᨻ⟇࡬ࡢၨⓎ㸸ᵓ㐀ゎᯒ

ࠐΏ㎶

༓௫ (㺪㺆㺻㺵㺻㺢㺼ࣦࣘ࢓ࢫ࢟ࣗࣛ኱Ꮫ)㸪⸨ ♸ྖ (ᮾிᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ)

ᗎ

⡿ᅜၟົ┬䛿

20 ᖺ๓䛻䚸䝕䝆䝍䝹⤒῭䜈䛾ኚᐜ䜢ศᯒ䛧䛯ၨⓎ䝺䝫䞊䝖䛂䝕䝆䝍䝹䞉䜶䝁䝜䝭䞊䛃

(1998, 1999) [12][13]

䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䛭䛾䜲䞁䝟䜽䝖䜢Ὕᐹ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭䛾ヂฟ䛻䛒䛯䜚䚸ᐊ⏣

(1999) [28]

䛿䚸䛂᝟ሗ໬♫఍䛿䚸ᕤᴗ໬♫఍䛾ᘏ

㛗ୖ䛻䛿䛺䛟䚸䜎䛯䛭䜜䜢㐍䜑䜛୺య䜒ᕤᴗ໬᫬௦䛸䛿␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛃

䛸ணぢ䛧䛯䚹ᙼ䛿䚸䛭䛾⤒῭䜈䛾䜲䞁䝟䜽䝖䛸䛧

䛶䚸ᕷሙ䛾ຠ⋡໬䛸ྠ᫬䛻ᕷሙ䛾ゎయ䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛶䚸䛂ᚋ⪅䜢㏻䛨䛶䚸㛗ᮇⓗ䛻ᕷሙ䜔௻ᴗไᗘ䜢ᇶ┙䛸䛩䜛㈨ᮏ୺

⩏䜢✵Ὕ໬䛧䛶䛔䛟ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䚹䛸䛿䛔䛘䚸ᙜ㠃䛿ᕷሙຠ⋡໬䛾ഃ㠃䛜ᙉ䛟⌧䜜䜛䛃

䛸ணぢ䛧䛯䚹

20 ᖺ䜢⤒䛶䚸௒᪥䚸䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䛿ணぢ㏻䜚䚸᝿ീ䜢⤯䛩䜛䡹䢇䢛䡬䢀䢚䛷㐍䜏⥆䛡䛶䛔䜛䚹ྠ᫬䛻䚸ᅜ䜔௻ᴗ䛾㛫䛷䚸䛂ᕷ

ሙゎయ䜈䛾ᣮᡓຠᯝ䛃

䛸䛂ᕷሙຠ⋡໬ᇳ╔䛾ᘢᐖ䛃䛾ⴠᕪ䛜ዴᐇ䛻㢧ᅾ໬䛧䛶䛝䛶䛔䜛䚹Sussan

(2017) [5]

, Gestrin

(2018) [3]

➼䛿䚸䛣䜜䜢㠀䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭ (Non-digital state) 䛛䜙䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭ (Digitalizing state) 䜈䛾ኚᐜ㐣⛬䛾⤌⧊

䛾័ᛶ䛸䛧䛶䛸䜙䛘䚸䛭䛾❧䛱఩⨨䛾ㄆ㆑䛾Ỵᐃⓗ㔜せᛶ䜢ᣦ᦬䛧䛯䚹

䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭ୗ䛾䡰䢇䢚䡿䢚䢙䡹䢉䢚䡬䡹⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙ᨻ⟇䛾ᒎ㛤䛿䚸䛣䛾ㄆ㆑䜢ᇶᮏ䛸䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䚹

ᮏ✏䛿䚸௨ୖ䛾ㄆ㆑䛸㌶䜢୍䛻䛩䜛䢈䡤䢙䢓䢙䢀䢚䡭䡲䡿䢚䢌䡬䛾ᡓ␎◊✲఍㆟䛾◊✲ᡂᯝ

1

䜢䚸

2016 ᖺ᮶䛾ሗ࿌

[29] [30] [31]

䛻⥆䛝ሗ࿌䛩䜛䚹◊✲䛿䚸ୖグኚᐜ㐣⛬䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䛻どⅬ䜢ᤣ䛘䛶䚸䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䛾㐍ᒎ䛸㌶䜢୍䛻䛧䛯ᅜẸ㑅ዲ䛾

⤒῭ⓗᶵ⬟䛛䜙⤒῭౯್䜢㉺䛘䛯㉸ᶵ⬟

(♫఍ⓗ䞉ᩥ໬ⓗ䞉៿᠄ⓗ䞉ᖐᒓⓗ䞉ឤ᝟ⓗᶵ⬟)

䜈䛾䡸䢈䢀

[17]

䛻╔┠䛧䛶䚸

䛂䡶䢙䢇䢛䡩䡬䡼䡬୺ᑟ䛾ఏ⤫ⓗ

ICT →

GDP 䛾ቑ኱ → ⤒῭ⓗᶵ⬟䛾ቑ኱䛃䛾ඹ㐍 (㠀䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䡷䡮䡴䢕䠖nDC)㻌䛛䜙䚸

䛂䡮䢙䡼䡬䢄䡫䢀䛾㌍㐍

→ GDP 䛷䛿䜜䛺䛔 Uncaptured GDP 䜈䛾౫Ꮡ → ⤒῭౯್䜢㉺䛘䛯㉸ᶵ⬟䛾඘㊊䛃䛾ඹ

㐍

(䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䡷䡮䡴䢕䠖DC) 䜈䛾䡹䢇䢛䢙䡱䢈䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䛾ᐇドศᯒ䜢㔜䛽䛶䛝䛶䛔䜛

[17- 26]

䚹

௒ḟሗ࿌䛿䚸䡹䢇䢛䢙䡱䢈㐣⛬䛻どⅬ䜢ᤣ䛘䛶䚸㠀䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䛛䜙䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䜈䛾ኚᐜ䛻క䛖ไᗘⓗᯟ⤌䜏䛻௜㝶䛩

䜛ၥ㢟Ⅼ䛸䚸ኚᐜ䜢ಁ䛩ᵓ㐀䜢᫂䜙䛛䛻䛧䛶䚸䡰䢇䢚䡿䢚䢙䡹䢉䢚䡬䡹⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙ᨻ⟇䛾ᒎ㛤䛻㈨䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢୺║䛸䛧䛯䚹

㠀ࢹࢪࢱࣝ⤒῭࠿ࡽࢹࢪࢱࣝ⤒῭࡬ࡢኚᐜ

ᅗ

1㸬㠀㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒῭࠿ࡽ㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒῭࡬ࡢኚᐜ㺛㺕㺎㺯

_.

1

_{Platform Value Now: Value capturing in the fast emerging platform ecosystems, supported by the Strategic Research}

Council at the Academy of Finland (2015-2020).

ᅗ

1 䛿ୖグ䡹䢇䢛䢙䡱䢈䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䜢♧䛩

[18] [19]

䚹

_{DC 䛾}

㌍㐍䛿䚸

_{nDC ᇶ┙䛸↓㛵ಀ䛷䛿䛺䛔䛜䛭䛾ᡂຌయ㦂}

䛿

_{DC 䜈䛾䡹䢇䢛䢙䡱䢈䜢ᦆ䛺䛖䚹䛭䜜䛿 nDC 䛾⤒㦂䞉Ⓨ}

᝿䜢䜒䛸䛻⪃䛘䛜䛱䛻䛺䜛䚹䛰䛜䚸

_{DC 䛿䚸䛭䛾ᵓ㐀䛸}

⾜ື䛻䛚䛔䛶

_{nDC 䛸䛿ᵝ┦䜢඲䛟␗䛻䛩䜛䚹኎䜚ᡭ䛜}

฼┈᭱኱䜢ồ䜑䚸㈙䛔ᡭ䛜ຠ⏝ᴟ኱໬䜢㏣ồ䛧䛶䚸౯

᱁䛻཮᪉䛾᝟ሗ䛜㞟⣙䛥䜜䜛䢋䡬䡵䡫䢀䛸䛿␗䛺䜚䚸཮

᪉䞉ᐁẸ䞉➇த┦ᡭ䛜ඹ䛻᫬௦ⓗㄢ㢟䜢㏣ồ䛩䜛䢈䢛䢓䡫

䢀䢈䡧䡬䢍䛻ኚᐜ䛩䜛䚹┠ⓗ㛵ᩘ䜒␗䛺䜛䚹

_{DC 䛾䡰䢇䢚䡿䢚䢙䡹}

ศᯒ䛿

_{nDC 䛾䛭䜜䛸䛿ᇶᮏⓗ䛻␗䛺䜛}

[6]

䚹

ᮏ✏䛿䚸䛣䛾

䛂┦㌿⛣䛃㐣⛬䛾ศᯒ䛻䡭䢈䢛䢗䡬䡽䛩䜛䚹

㠀㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒῭㺙㺐㺖㺷 (nDC) 㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒῭㺙㺐㺖㺷 (DC)

(3)

2A24.pdf :2

㧗ࢹࢪࢱࣝ௻ᴗࡢࢹ࢕࣐ࣞࣥ

5 '୺ᑟⓎᒎ㌶㐨ࡢ㏣ồ

ᅗ

2. 㺖㺼㺹㺎㺨㺼㺷 ICT500 ௻ᴗࡢ R&D ୺ᑟⓎᒎ㌶㐨

_(2016).

ᅗ

3. 㧗㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷௻ᴗࡢ R&D ᢞ㈨.

5 '୺ᑟⓎᒎ㌶㐨ࡢࢹ࢕࣐ࣞࣥ

ᅗ

5. 㺖㺼㺹㺎㺨㺼㺷 ICT500 ௻ᴗࡢᢏ⾡ࡢ㝈⏺⏕⏘ᛶ

₍₂₀₁₆₎

.

ᅗ

6. 㺖㺼㺹㺎㺨㺼㺷 ICT500 ௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗⋡

(2016)

.

㠀㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒῭㺙㺐㺖㺷

nDC ࠿ࡽ㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒

῭㺙㺐㺖㺷

DC ࡬ࡢ ࠕ┦㌿⛣ࠖ ࡢᐇ┦ࢆ

ぢࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ᭱ึ࡟㺖㺼㺹㺎㺨㺼㺷

ICT ௻ᴗ

ࡢ᭱๓⥺ࡢⓎᒎ㌶㐨ࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ

ᅗ

2 ࡣࠊ㺖㺼㺹㺎㺨㺼㺷 ICT R&D 㺢㺍㺪㺽 500

௻ᴗࡢ

R&D ୺ᑟⓎᒎ㌶㐨ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ

500 ௻ᴗࡣࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷໬࡟㑌㐍

ࡍࡿࡀࠊ࡞࠿ࢇࡎࡃ

_{R&D 㺢㺍㺪㺽 25 ♫ࡢ}

ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᅗ

3 ࡣࡇࢀࡽ㧗㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷௻ᴗ㺢㺍㺪㺽 20 ♫

ࡢ

R&D ᢞ㈨ࢆ♧ࡍ

(㠀 ICT ௻ᴗࡶྵ ࡴ₎

ࠋ

GAFA ࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ ICT ௻ᴗࠊ

ḟ࠸࡛ࠊ⮬ື㌴࣭〇⸆௻ᴗࡀ㺢㺍㺪㺽ࢆ➇

ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀఛࢃࢀࡿࠋ

୰࡛ࡶ㺏㺭㺝㺼㺻ࡢᛴ㌍㐍ࡀ║ࢆᘬࡃࠋྠ

♫ࡣࠊ

_{R&D as a culture ࢆ♫᫝࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ}

1994 ᖺ ࡢ Ⓨ ㊊ ᮶ ࠊ ୍ ㈏ ࡋ ࡚

R&D-driven company ࢆ ᶆ ᴶ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊ

R&D ᢞ㈨ࡢᣑ኱࡟㑌㐍ࡋ࡚ࠊ2017 ᖺ

࡟୍Ẽ࡟

_{R&D ୡ⏺㺢㺍㺪㺽ࡢᗙ࡟㥑ࡅୖ}

ࡀࡾࠊ

_{2018 ᖺ௨㝆ࡶఇࡴࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ R&D}

ᢞ㈨ࡢᣑ኱࡟㑌㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

[11] [26]

ࠋ

⤒῭౯್䢉䢚䡬䡹ᡂ㛗⋡㻌㉸ᶵ⬟䢉䢚䡬䡹ᡂ㛗⋡㻌

ᅗ

4. 㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒῭ࡢᇶᮏ≉ᛶ࡜ࡑࡢᚲ↛.

ᅗ

4 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䚸ICT 䛿⮬ᕫቑṪᛶ䜢ෆໟ䛧

[16]

䚸䛭䛾Ⓨᒎ㌶㐨䛿ᅗ 2 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䢗䡸䢚䡹䡿䡤䡫䡴ᡂ㛗䜢䛯䛹䜚

[4]䚸䜎䛯஧㠃ᛶ䜢᭷䛩䜛

[1] [2] [18]

䚹䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䚸ᅗ

5 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻஧ᴟ໬䛧䚸㧗 R&D ௻ᴗ䛿 R&D 䛾ᣑ኱䛸⏕⏘ᛶ

పୗ䛾䡿䢚䡤䢖䢙䢋䛻┤㠃䛩䜛

[7] [10]

䚹䛣䜜䜙௻ᴗ䛿

_{R&D 䛾ᣑ኱䛻}

➇த䜢㉃䛩䛜䚸⏕⏘ᛶపୗ䛾⤖ᯝ䚸ᅗ

6 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䚸⤒῭౯

್䢉䢚䡬䡹䛾ᡂ㛗⋡䛾పୗ䛻㐼㐝䛩䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸

_{DC 䜈䛾䡹䢇䢛䢙䡱䢈}

䛾⤖ᯝ䛭䛾┠ⓗ㛵ᩘ䛿㉸ᶵ⬟䢉䢚䡬䡹ᡂ㛗⋡䛻䡸䢈䢀䛩䜛䚹

475 firms

(4)

ࢹ࢕࣐ࣞࣥࡢඞ᭹

⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟ࡢ๰ฟ

ᅗ

7. ⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟ࡢⓎ⌧

- SLG ࠿ࡽ LGDCC ࡬ࡢኚᐜ.

⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟ࡢぬ㓰

̽㠀㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒῭࠿ࡽࢹࢪࢱࣝ⤒῭࡬ࡢኚᐜ Social Cultural Aspirational Tribal Emotional

Soft innovation resources

(SIRs) Inertia of preferences shift Sleeping capable resources Trustby overdrawing past information Utmost gratification ever experienced Memory and dream

Untapped resources and vision

Soft innovation resources

(SIRs(( ) Inertia of preferences shift Sleeping capable resources Trust

TT by overdrawing past information Utmost gratification ever experienced Memory and dream

Untapped resources and vision Social Cultural Cultural na Aspiratio al Tribal Emotional

Transform growth engine (economic functionality) into supra-functionality beyond economic value during the self-propagation process

0 20 40 60 80 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 R&D (bil.Euro) N = 59.6

ICT-driven logistic growth

Carrying capacity SLG Inflection point 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 R&D (bil.Euro)

R&D-driven development trajectory

N = 59.6 N = 102.2

SLG Vs(R)

LGDCC VL(R)

yDynamic carrying capacity NL(R) (Magnitude of the self-propagating function)

Inflection point 0 10 20 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 R&D (bil.Euro)

Marginal productivity decline - dilemma between R&D expansion and productivity decline

Inflection point SLG LGDCC Shift from SLG to LGDCC Marginal pr oducti vit y of R&D 1 1 1 Dig ita l va lue (bil. Euro ) D Dig ita l va lu e (b il. Euro)

๓⠇䛾ศᯒ䛿䚸㧗䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕௻ᴗ䛿䚸㧗

_{R&D 䜢ᱳ䛻}

nDC 䛛䜙 DC 䛻䡹䢇䢛䢙䡱䢈䛧䛶䚸ྠ㡿ᇦ䛷䛾⤒῭ᶵ⬟䜢

㉺䛘䛯㉸ᶵ⬟䜢๰ฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䡿䢚䡤䢖䢙䢋䜢㉺䛘䛯

ᣢ⥆ᡂ㛗䜢㐙䛢䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛩䜛䚹

ᮏ⠇䛿䚸ᅗ

7 䛻ἢ䛳䛶䛣䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛䚹

IoT ࡢࡶ࡜࡟๰ฟࡉࢀࡿ㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷౯್ V

ܸ ൌ ܨሺܺǡ ܶሻ ൌ ܨሺܺሺܶሻǡ ܶሻ ൎ ܨሺܶሻ _ௗோௗ௏ ൎడ௏_డோൌ ܸܽ ቀͳ െ௏_ேቁ ࡇࢀࡣḟࡢ SLG ࢆᑟࡃࠋ SLG =

V

S

(R) =

_ଵା௕௘ே_షೌೃ

SLG 䛿䚸୍ᐃ䛾 R&D 䢖䢉䢚䢕䜢㉺䛘䜛䛸䚸㝈⏺⏕⏘ᛶ

䛜పୗ䛻㌿䛨䚸ᬑཬኳ஭

_{N 䛻ᢚ䛘䜙䜜䜛䛜䚸N 䛜 R 䛻}

ᛂ䛨䛶ቑṪ䛩䜛ሙྜ㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌䛻䛿䚸

LGDCC

= 㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌

䜢ᑟ䛝䚸⮬ᕫቑ

Ṫⓗ䛻Ⓨᒎ䛧䛶䚸㉸ᶵ⬟䜢๰ฟ䛩䜛

[15] [17]

䚹

ᚑ䛳䛶䚸ᡂ㛗䡰䢙䡸䢚䢙䜢ྲྀ䜚㎸䜣䛰

䛜⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟Ⓨ⌧䛾㘽䛸䛺䜛䚹㻌㻌

㧗䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕௻ᴗ䛿䚸㧗

R&D 䜢ᱳ䛻ᡂ㛗䡰䢙䡸䢚䢙䜢䢈䢕䛻Ⓨ᥹䛧䛶䚸ICT ᅛ᭷䛾⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟䜢ぬ㓰䛧䛶䚸᪂ᶵ⬟䜢

ㄏⓎ䛧䛶䚸

_{DC 䛻䡹䢇䢛䢙䡱䢈䛧䛶䚸䛭䛾㡿ᇦ䛷䛾ᅜẸ㑅ዲ䛻ᛂ䛘䜛㉸ᶵ⬟䜢๰ฟ䛧䛶䚸㉸ᶵ⬟䢉䢚䡬䡹䛾ᡂ㛗䜢ᐇ⌧䛩䜛䚹}

nDC 㡿ᇦ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸䡿䢚䡤䢖䢙䢋䛻᢬ゐ䛫䛪䛻ᡂ㛗䡰䢙䡸䢚䢙䜢Ⓨ᥹䛩䜛䛻䛿䚸䡻䢈䢀䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙㈨※

2

_{䛾ྠ໬䛜㘽䛸䛺䜛䚹}

ᅗ

8 䛿⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟䛾ぬ㓰䢈䢛䢗䡺䡹䜢⤒䛶䚸 nDC 䛛䜙 DC 䛻ኚᐜ䛩䜛䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䜢♧䛩䚹

T: ICT stock; X: other

production factors R: R&D investment (οܶ ൎ ܴሻǢ N: carrying capacity ܸ݀ሺܴሻ ܴ݀ ൌ ܸܽሺܴሻ ൬ͳ െ ܸሺܴሻ ܰሺܴሻ൰

ቑṪ䛩䜛ሙྜ㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌

= 㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌䜢

Ⓨᒎ䛧䛶㉸ᶵ⬟䜢๰ฟ䛩䜛

ܴ݀

㻌㻌

ൌ ܽ ܸሺܴሻ ൬ͳ െ ܰ ܸܮሺܴሻ ൌ ܰ݇ ͳ ൅ ܾ݁െܴܽ_൅ ܾ݇ ͳ െ ܽ݇Τ ݁ܽ െܴܽ݇ ܰܮሺܴሻ ൌ ܸܮሺܴሻ ൮ ͳ ͳ െ ͳܽ ήᶭ ܸܮሺܴሻ ܸܮሺܴሻ ൲ SLG: Simple logistic growth; LGDCC: Logistic growth within a dynamic carrying

ᅗ

8. ⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟ࡢぬ㓰

_{– 㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒῭࡬ࡢኚᐜࡢ㺞㺼㺐㺣㺮㺛㺼㺯.}

2. _{㺝㺪㺢㺐㺧㺫㺼㺎㺚㺌㺻㈨※}_{(SIRs) ࡣࠊ㺐㺻㺞㺎㺦㺍㺢ࡢ⤖ᬗ࡜ࡶ࠸࠺࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㺐} 㺻㺞㺎㺦㺍㺢㺫㺼㺎㺛ࡢఇ╀㈨※࣭ᮍά⏝㈨※ࡸࠊᅜẸ㑅ዲࡢ㺚㺪㺢࡟࿧ᛂࡋࡓ㉸ ᶵ⬟ᚿྥ័ᛶ࣭㺢㺵㺛㺢࣭⮳ୖ‶㊊㏣᝿➼࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ [8] [9] [20] [21] [22] [23]ࠋ SIRs ࡢᙉᗘࡣ Metcalfe ࡢἲ๎࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ㺳㺎㺙㺼㺎࡜ࡢ┦஫஺ὶࡢᐦᗘ ࡟ẚ౛ࡍࡿࠋ ᅜẸ㑅ዲ࡟ἢࡗࡓ㉸ᶵ⬟ࡢ඘㊊ࡣࠊ㺳㺎㺙㺼㺎୺ᑟ㺐㺧㺫㺼㺎㺚㺌㺻ࢆάᛶ໬ࡋࠊ ࡑࢀࡣ㺐㺻㺞㺎㺦㺍㺢ࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㌍㐍ࢆゐⓎࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣࡲࡓ_{SIRs ࡢぬ㓰ࢆ㐍} ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

(5)

2A24.pdf :4

ࢹࢪࢱࣝ⤒῭࡬ࡢኚᐜࢆᑟࡃዲᚠ⎔ࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒㻌

ᅗ

9. 㺡㺼㺚㺼㺞㺷⤒῭࡬ࡢኚᐜࢆᑟࡃዲᚠ⎔ࡢ㺞㺼㺐㺣㺮㺛㺼㺯.

ኚᐜࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒ࡢ᳨ド࢚̽ࣅࢹࣥࢫ࣮࣋ࢫ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡬ࡢ♧၀

࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺ

– ࢯࣇࢺ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ㈨※ྠ໬ࡢዌຌ: Technology and Content

ᅗ

11. 䡭䢋䡻䢚䢙䞉䡭䡫䢈䢛䢕䛾ྠ໬⬟ຊ

(2001-2017)

.

ᅗ

12. ࢔࣐ࢰࣥࡢ R&D ᢞ㈨ᙧᡂࡢࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢬ࣒.

ᅗ

10. 㺦㺓㺓㺎㺪㺽㺻㺐㺧㺫㺼㺎㺚㺌㺻ࡢ㺛㺕㺎㺯.

ᅜẸ㑅ዲ䛻ἢ䛳䛯㉸ᶵ⬟䛾඘㊊䛿䚸䢑䡬䡷䢚䡬୺ᑟ䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙䜢άᛶ໬䛧䚸䛭䜜䛿䡮䢙䡼䡬䢄䡫䢀䛾䛥䜙䛺䜛㌍㐍䜢ゐⓎ䛧䚸

䛭䜜䛿䜎䛯䡻䢈䢀䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙㈨※

_{SIRs 䛾ぬ㓰䜢㐍䜑䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹ぬ㓰䛧䛯 SIRs 䛾ྠ໬䛿䡿䢚䡤䢖䢙䢋䛻᢬ゐ䛫䛪䛻䡴䢚䢗䡹}

R&D 䜢ቑ኱䛥䛫䛶䚸ᡂ㛗䡰䢙䡸䢚䢙䜢άᛶ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䚹௨ୖ䛿ᑓ䜙 nDC 䛾㡿ᇦ䛷㐙⾜䛥䜜䜛䚹άᛶ໬䛧䛯ᡂ㛗䡰

䢙䡸䢚䢙䛿

ICT ᅛ᭷䛾⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟䜢ぬ㓰䛥䛫䚸᪂ᶵ⬟䜢ㄏⓎ䛧䛴䛴 DC 㡿ᇦ䜈䛾䡹䢇䢛䢙䡱䢈䜢㐍䜑䛶䚸⤒῭ᶵ⬟䜢㉺

䛘䛯㉸ᶵ⬟䜢๰ฟ䛩䜛䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸䛭䜜䛿䢑䡬䡷䢚䡬୺ᑟ䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙䜢άᛶ໬䛧䚸ዲᚠ⎔䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䛻ᑟ䛟䚹

nDC 㡿ᇦ䛾

☜❧䛧䛯ᡂ㛗䡰䢙䡸䢚䢙䛾ྲྀ䜚㎸䜏䛿䚸䡴䢚䢗䡹

R&D 䛾ቑ኱䜢ሀ

ᅛ䛻䛩䜛䚹ᅗ

9 䛿䛣䛾ኚᐜ䜢ᑟ䛟ዲᚠ⎔䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䜢♧䛩䚹

䛣䛾ዲᚠ⎔䛿䚸SIRs 䜢ຠᯝⓗ䛻ྠ໬䛥䛫䛶䡴䢚䢗䡹 R&D 䜢ቑ

኱䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜㘽䛸䛺䜚䚸䛭䜜䛿㧗ᗘ䛺ྠ໬⬟ຊ䛻❧⬮䛧䛯

ᅗ

10 䛻♧䛩䢄䡱䡱䡬䢈䢛䢙䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙䛾☜❧䛻౫Ꮡ䛩䜛

[10]

䚹

௨ୖ䛾ศᯒ䛿䚸㠀䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䡷䡮䡴䢕

nDC 䛛䜙

䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䡷䡮䡴䢕

DC 䜈䛾䛂┦㌿⛣䛃䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍

䜢♧၀䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹

䛣䛾♧၀䛾䡰䢇䢚䡿䢚䢙䡹䢉䢚䡬䡹⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙ᨻ

⟇䜈䛾᭷ຠᛶཬ䜃ᐇ㊶ⓗ㐺ᛂᛶ䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䛯䜑

䛻䚸ᮏ⠇䛷䛿䚸

_{DC 䛾᭱ඛ➃䛷௚䛻㢮䜢ぢ䛼⊂⮬}

䛾◚ቯⓗ䝡䝆䝛䝇䢏䡿䢚䢕䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䛶䚸

_{R&D ୡ⏺䢀䡫}

䢈䢛䛻㌍㐍䛧䛯䡭䢋䡻䢚䢙䛾ᢏ⾡䞉⤒Ⴀ䞉㈈ົ୍య䢏䡿䢚䢕

䛻ὀ┠䛧䛶䚸䛂┦㌿⛣䛃

_{䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䜢᳨ド䛩䜛䚹}

䡮䢙䢈䢛䡫䢀㠃䛻╔┠䛩䜛䛸䚸䡭䢋䡻䢚䢙䛿䚸ඛ䛻ぢ䛯䢆䡮䡹

䢇䢛䡬䢀䢚䛾

R&D ቑ኱䛻⿬ᡴ䛱䛥䜜䛶䚸ᅗ

11 䛻ぢ䜛䜘

䛖䛻ᴟ䜑䛶㧗䛔ྠ໬⬟ຊ

[14]

䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䚸䛭䜜䜢ᱳ

䛻䚸ᅗ

12 䛻♧䛩䜘䛖䛻 R&D ᒎ㛤㐣⛬䛷䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕

࿘㎶㒊㛛䛻ྠ໬

SIRs 䜢య໬䛥䛫䛶䚸ᢏ⾡䜈䛾ኚ

ᐜ䜢ᡂ䛧㐙䛢䛶䡴䢚䢗䡹

R&D 䛾ᛴ㏿䛺ᣑ኱䜢ᅗ䜛᪂

䛯䛺

R&D 䢏䡿䢚䢕䜢ᡴ䛱❧䛶䛶䛔䜛

3 [11]

䚹

3 䡭䢋䡻䢚䢙䛿䚸㈈ົㅖ⾲䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸R&D 䛸䛾⾲グ䜢䛒䛘䛶ᅇ㑊䛧䛶䚸 Technology and content 䛸䛾⾲グ䛻ᅛᇳ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹

(6)

⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟ࡢ๰ฟ

࢔࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺ

(1) ≉ チ

ᅗ

13㸬㺏㺭㺝㺼㺻ࡢ≉チฟ㢪௳ᩘ

(2004-2018).

(2) ᫬౯⥲㢠

ᅗ

14㸬㺏㺭㺝㺼㺻ࡢ᫬౯⥲㢠

(2006-2018).

ᅗ

15. 㺏㺭㺝㺼㺻ࡢᕷሙᤸᥱࡢ㺞㺼㺐㺣㺮㺛㺼㺯.

(4) ༟㉺ࡋࡓ࢟ࣕࢵࢩ࣭ࣗࢥࣥࣂ࣮ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ (CCC) ᙧᡂ

ᅗ

16㸬㺏㺭㺝㺼㺻ࡢᕷሙᤸᥱ࡜ R&D ᢞ㈨ᡓ␎

_(1998-2018)

.

⾲

2 㺏㺭㺝㺼㺻ࡢࢢࣟࢫ R&D ⋓ᚓ㌶㐨

(1998-2018)

ᅗ

13. ࢔࣐ࢰࣥࡢᡂ㛗㌶㐨

_(2000-2017)

.

⾲㸯

࢔࣐ࢰࣥࡢᡂ㛗㌶㐨

(2000-2017) Sea of Okhotsk Bering Sea

(3) ᕷሙᤸᥱ

㉸ᶵ⬟䛾๰ฟ䛿䚸≉チฟ㢪䛾ᛴቑ

(ᅗ 13)

, ᫬౯⥲㢠䛾ᛴ᪼

(ᅗ 14)

ཬ䜃ẚ㢮䛺䛝䡳䡨䡫䡸䡩䢈䢗䡬䜢ྍ⬟䛻䛩䜛༟㉺䛧䛯䜻䝱䝑

䝅䝳䝁䞁䝞䞊䝅䝵䞁䝃䜲䜽䝹䠄

CCC䠅䛾๓ᥦ䛸䛺䜛ᕷሙ (䢉䢚䢙䡼䢚䡬䞉

ᾘ㈝⪅

) ᤸᥱ

(ᅗ15)

䛛䜙⿬௜䛡䜙䜜䜛䚹

ᅗ

17. 㩬ᅇ㐟㏣ド䝰䝕䝹.

䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻䛧䛶๰䜚ฟ䛧䛯䡴䢚䢗䡹

R&D 䛿䚸⾲䠍䚸ᅗ

13 䛻♧

䛩䜘䛖䛻䚸⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ⬟䜢ぬ㓰䛥䛫䛶䚸╔ᐇ䛻㉸ᶵ⬟䜢

⏕䜏ฟ䛧䛶䚸䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䡷䡮䡴䢕

DC 䜈䛾䡹䢇䢛䢙䡱䢈䛻㑌㐍

䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜ఛ䜟䜜䜛

[11]

䚹

㠀䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭㡿ᇦ㻌㻌䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭㡿ᇦ㻌㻔㏣ドྍ㻕㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻔㏣ド୙ྍ㻕㻌

௨ୖ䛾䡮䢙䢈䢛䡫䢀䛸䛭䜜䛻క

䛖䡭䡯䢀䢈䢛䡫䢀䛿䚸ᅗ

16䚸⾲ 2 䛻

♧䛩䜘䛖䛻䚸ᅗ

9 䛻♧䛧䛯

ዲᚠ⎔䛾䡷䡮䡴䢕䛾☜❧䜢♧

䛧䚸

nDC 䛛䜙 DC 䜈䛾䡹䢇䢛

䢙䡱䢈䜢

⿬௜䛡䜛ࠋ

ࡇࢀࡣᅗ

17 ࡟♧ࡍࠕ㩬

ᅇ㐟㏣ドࣔࢹࣝࠖ

[27]

㐺⏝

ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋ

(7)

2A24.pdf :6

⤖ ㄽ

䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭ୗ䛷䛾䡰䢇䢚䡿䢚䢙䡹䢉䢚䡬䡹⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙ᨻ⟇䛾ᐇຠ䛒䜛ᒎ㛤䛿䚸㠀䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䛛䜙䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭䜈䛾

ኚᐜ䢈䢛䢗䡺䡹䛸ኚᐜᚋ䛾ᵓ㐀䞉⾜ື䛾ྍど໬䞉᧯స໬䛜せㅉ䛸䛺䜛䚹ኚᐜ๓ᚋ䛷ᵝ┦䜢඲䛟␗䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢༑ศㄆ㆑䛩

䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䚹

䡻䢈䢀䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙㈨※䜢ྠ໬䛧䛯䡴䢚䢗䡹

R&D 䛾ᣑ኱䜢ᱳ䛻䚸ᡂ㛗䡰䢙䡸䢚䢙䜢άᛶ໬䛥䛫䛶䚸ICT 䛾ෆໟ䛩䜛⮬ᕫቑṪᶵ

⬟䜢ぬ㓰䛥䛫䛶䚸᪂ᶵ⬟䜢ㄏⓎ䛧䛶䚸⤒῭ᶵ⬟䜢㉺䛘䛯㉸ᶵ⬟䜢๰ฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ኚᐜ䛾㐨䜢ᣅ䛟䚹

㉸ᶵ⬟䛿䢑䡬䡷䢚䡬୺ᑟ䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙䜢άᛶ໬䛧䚸䡮䢙䡼䡬䢄䡫䢀䛾䛥䜙䛺䜛㌍㐍䜢ㄏⓎ䛩䜛䚹䛭䜜䛿᪂䛯䛺䡻䢈䢀䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙㈨

※䜢ぬ㓰䞉ㄏⓎ䛧䛶䚸䡴䢚䢗䡹

R&D 䜢ᣑ኱䛧䛶䚸ᡂ㛗䡰䢙䡸䢚䢙䜢άᛶ໬䛧䚸ዲᚠ⎔䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䜢ᵓ⠏䛩䜛䚹

䛣䛾䡼䢚䡮䢁䢌䡹䢚䢍䛾ᣢ⥆䛜䡿䢚䡸䢚䡼䢕⤒῭Ⓨᒎ䛾㘽䛸䛺䜛䚹䛣䛾ᣢ⥆ᛶ䛾᳨ド䛿ྍど໬䞉᧯స໬䛻⇵ග䜢୚䛘䜛䚹ᚑ䛳䛶䚸

᳨ド᪉ἲ䛾ᐇ㊶ⓗⓎᒎ䛜௒ᚋ䛾ඃඛㄢ㢟䛸䛺䜛䚹䛂㩬䛾ᅇ㐟㏣ド䢏䡿䢚䢕䛃

_{䛿䚸ᘓタⓗ䛺♧၀䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䚹}

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

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[26] Watanabe, C. & Tou, Y., 2019. Transformative Direction of R&D: Lessons from Amazon’s Endeavor. Technovation, in print. [27] ᾆ࿴ⱱᙪ, 2000. ᪥ᮏ⣔䝃䜿䛾ᅇ㐟⤒㊰䛸௒ᚋ䛾◊✲ㄢ㢟. 䛥䛡䞉䜎䛩㈨※⟶⌮䝉䞁䝍䞊䝙䝳䞊䝇㻌 5, 3-9. [28] ᐊ⏣Ὀᘯ, 1999. 䝕䝆䝍䝹䞉䜶䝁䝜䝭䞊 II. ᮾὒ⤒῭᪂ሗ♫䚸ᮾி. [29] Ώ㎶༓௫䚸2016. Un-captured GDP 䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁㏻ᛕ䛾ๅ᪂ 䢈䡤䢙䢓䢙䢀䢚䡭䡲䡿䢚䢌䡬䛾ᣮᡓ䚸◊✲䞉䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙Ꮫ఍ᖺḟᏛ⾡኱఍ண✏㞟䚸ᮾி. [30] Ώ㎶༓௫䚸⸨♸ྖ䚸ᒾぢ⣸஀䚸2017. 䝕䝆䝍䝹⤒῭ୗ䛷䛾 GDP ィ : Un-captured GDP 䛾ᵓ㐀ゎᯒ䛸ィ . ◊✲䞉䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙Ꮫ఍ᖺḟᏛ ⾡኱఍ண✏㞟䚸ி㒔. [31] Ώ㎶༓௫䚸⸨♸ྖ䚸2018. 䝕䝆䝍䝹⤒῭ୗ䛷䛾䛂䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁ᣦᶆ䛃䛾ኚᐜ䠖䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙䞉ᡂ㛗ᴫᛕኚᐜ䛾ᵓ㐀ゎᯒ䛸ィ GDP ィ . ◊ ✲䞉䡮䢅䢉䢚䡬䡸䡪䢙Ꮫ఍ᖺḟᏛ⾡኱఍ண✏㞟䚸ᮾி.

JAIST Repository: デジタル経済下でのR&Dモデルの変容 : エビデンスベースの科学技術イノベーション政策への啓発:構造解析