Development Needs of Master’s
Programs in Global Health
Nursing and Midwifery in Japan
Junko Tashiro, RN, PhD; Shigeko, Horiuchi, RN, SMW, DNSc;Yasuko, Nagamatsu, RN MS; Michiko, Oguro, SMW, DNSc; Yukiko, Manabe, RN, MS; Yuko, Hirano, RN, PhD
St. Luke’s College of Nursing,
WHO Collaborating Center for Nursing in PHC
The 1st International Nursing Research Conference of WANS
Background (Global Trend)
ＷＨＯ Policy on Strengthening Nursing and Midwifery
1989 ： WHA42.27 Resolution: Strengthening nursing/
midwifery in support of the Strategy for Health for All
WHA45.5,49.1, 47.9, 48.8, 49.1, 54.12, 57.19, 59.23/27 2000 United Nations: The Millennium Development Goals
were accepted
2007 March: Islamabad Declaration 2008 Feb: Chang Mai Declaration
2008 March ： WHO Scale-up of Nurses and Midwives for
Contribution to MDGs
Background (Japan)
Strengthening Nursing & Midwifery is essential
to obtain Goals of Global Health.
Japanese nurses and midwives have been
working to improve Global Health.
Higher educational institutions in Nursing have
prepared International Nursing or Global Health Nursing programs.
40 ％ (67/168) of the BSN programs offered
International nursing related subjects.
15 ％ (16/104) of the Master programs offered
Purpose
To describe developmental needs of current
master’s programs of International or Global Health Nursing in order to further develop and increase
numbers of master’s prepared Japanese nurses contributing to global health.
-To examine current curriculum, teaching methods and materials.
-To form a consortium of faculties teaching international nursing and determine the core curriculum standard.
Method 1: Organization of
C
onsortium
of International Nursing & Midwifery
Secretariat
Global Health
Midwifery Group
Global Health
Nursing Group
Method 2
：
First Phase ： Investigate using Web-site
search for “higher educational institutions
informing their “International or Global Health Nursing or Midwifery”
Second Phase: Invite members to
International Nursing & Midwifery Consortium
Third Phase: The first Consortium Meeting on
current curriculum of each master’s program was held, and information was collected
Ethical Considerations
An invitation letter to faculty members teaching
International Nursing or Midwifery informed and invited them to sign-up for this project.
Participants agreed to present their educational
programs.
The IRB of our Institution (No. 08-054 )
Result
１：
Participants of the
Consortium of International Nursing &
Midwifery in Japan
Nov, 2008 ：
Agreeing to become members were Faculties from:
- 3 Midwifery programs: (A, B. L)
- 7 Master’s course: (A,B,C,E,H,L,K)
Result
２： Midwifery
Programs
3 Master’s programs of Midwifery
Names of Sub-course in Midwifery
-
「 International Midwifery 」 (A),
- 「 International Health Midwifery 」
(B),
Result ３：
Midwifery-Educational Goals, Methods, and Contents
Goals Method Contents
A Course
Prepare midwives for contributing to development of health in host countries Lecture ： Com.1U Electives 2U Seminar ： Elect. 1U Practicum： Elect. 2U (Host countries)
Global Health Issues Gender, Health, and Development Strategies for Development International Co-operation of Midwives Activities of Midwives in Africa B Course
Prepare midwives for contributing to Global Health through
midwifery practice, as well as international relief from disaster
Lecture ： 8U Seminar ： 4U Practicum:6U Humanitarianism, International Health, International Midwifery (Seminar and Practicum) Women’s Health Promotion Research Methodology, Approaches
L Course
Prepare midwives for Global Maternal and Child Health Lecture ： 2U Seminar ： 2U（ US ） (Com. 40U, Electives ： 16 U)
Strategies or Global Health, International Collaboration, Midwifery in US,
(Community Health, Service-management, International Relations, Nursing Research, Theory, Ethics, Statistics, Administration, & Education)
Result
４： Challenges
Curriculum is overcrowded because of
midwifery licensure requirements
Curriculum does not included “local
anesthesia, episiotomy, suture, laboratory
testing, and medications” due to limitations
of responsibility of Japanese midwives
compared to master’s programs in other
countries
Result 5
： International Nursing:
Course Title, Teaching Methods and Credit Hours
International Nursing: A, B, C, E,
A: Special lectures （ including visiting professor’s) ４ cr, Seminar ４ cr, Research ８ cr, total 16 credits
B: Lecture ・ Seminar ・ Practicum Total 16cr C: Special Lecture, Seminar, Research 14cr
International Community Nursing ： J 32 cr and above, International Nursing Administration: K 4cr
Result
６ -1 ： International
Nursing: Educational Goals
・ To gain fundamental as well as professional competence working with collaborative projects in Nursing/Midwifery in developing
countries （ A ）
・ To educate nurses to be collaborative partners in host countries in developing countries (B)
・ To educate nursing practitioners enabling technical cooperation for developing countries （ C)
・ To educate nursing researchers contributing to international or global health （ E)
・ To gain higher competence as global community health nurse based on PHC （ J)
・ To gain knowledge and skills of nursing administration in international or global health cooperation for enabling nurse management （ K)
Result 6-2
： International Nursing:
Teaching Contents
A: Identifying global health issues, strategies and research: Assessment of
health issues of a focused country; identify strategies to improve health status of the focused population based on literature review; conduct field survey or work and develop recommendation;
B: Study on ICN position statement, MDGs, Human Development Index,
Social epidemiology, Disaster nursing, Disaster cycle and nursing, Mental Health Care, Emergency Training Simulation;
C: International nursing co-operation process and evaluation in developing
countries; Cross cultural nursing for foreigners staying in Japan;
J: International health; Social anthropology (electives) 、 Community health
activity; Nursing ethics; Nursing and health policy; Nursing education; Nursing administration; Nursing consultation; Introduction of international community nursing/ practice/ seminar: Community development;
H: International emergency relief; Nursing research methodology in
Result
７： International Nursing-
Challenges
Shortage of faculty members teaching
International or Global Health Nursing
Limited number of students majoring in
International Nursing and enrollment is
unpredictable.
Faculty members must also teach
community nursing, nursing education,
nursing administration, and disaster
Result
８： Teaching Materials
Information from Web of International organizations such as:
･ WHO http://www.who.int/en/ （ F ） ･ UNICEF http://www.unicef.org/ （ F ）
Existing English and Japanese reference, DVDs such as:
･ Merson, Black, & Mill. (2000). International Public Health. An Aspen Publication (A ）
･ Werner, D. (1993). Where there is no doctor. Macmillan Education LTD （ A ）
Visual materials
DVD: Case of International Cooperation （ K ） VTR of Midwifery practicum, Simulations （ L ）
Conclusions:
International Nursing or Midwifery is a new
specialty based on global health needs, and developed from Community Health Nursing, Nursing Education, and Administration
Educational goals and competencies of
International nurses and midwives are in common.
Major specialty issues are: faculty, curriculum,
teaching contents and methods.
Further refinement of competencies in
international collaboration, and development of core curriculum, is needed.
For further development
In order to further develop International Nursing
& Midwifery:
- Strengthen the consortium to increase sharing information about human resources, educational events, and develop new systems for effective education.
Develop a network among higher educational
institutions or faculty members of Global Health Nursing and Midwifery in other countries in order to strengthen multinational collaboration for
