分散オペレーティングシステムSolelcにおけるメモリ操作のトランザクション化による耐障害性向上手法
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(2) Solelc ! " # $ % &(' ) * 9 +-:0, ; .0/ <0= 1 : 2 > 3-4 ?A50@06 B 7-C-8 D E0F0G-?IH0?0H0JAK0L-HAM0N0O P0Q-?0HAK0L-HAR E0F0G-?0HAK0L-HAR †. †. ††. †. †††. †††. †. ††. †††. n~ rXU`SUUT SXVX UWZnY\[^z ]`oU_b[^aXpXc^qvdUre^ U]Utf^Ugi}XhU^j^vkUgrlnUmXvo^^[U} prqtoUsv[UuxpiwUqvynT zXhU{^j^|UkU} l hU j`UkUblbUT } U gX^z Xt{ rUU^vrU gXUtU} v^X wUyU^v ^ { oU[^pXqn\ X U¡U¢U£¤X U ¦¥ m § ¨U © oU[UpXq U X{X^ªUU« ^¬ UU¦v X¤{ UX¦^ gXvU} ²UU³ mrXU¥ }vmXdUm eU}]UfXzX´Usvvz XµU¨U¶v© X·voU¸v[^UpXmXqt X ªU} « dUeU]Uf XSr¹U UºUt» Um\}U¥U®^ ¯ » gU¼ ½\¾ °v}U®USv¯ ± UT ¿v» ÀXÁ »v ®`¯ rU rÂU¥bÃvm } ÄUÅvS^T ÆUÇÈÊÉU X^n^Ë\Ì a\Ít^ÎU dnÏra\kv½xÓ } ¿bÕUÖbÀrÁ × v¼ UbgiX^ØUÐbÙ^U» } Ä^`bT r^v^}^ib{ {iÑUÒ }rÔ ÆUÇÈ gXÚUvU}v± SUÛU} Solelc. ,. .. ,. .. ,. ,. ,. .. ,. ,. .. ,. ,. 1. .. ,. .. . , Solelc. ,. .. A Method for Improving Fault-tolerance by Transactional Memory Operations in the Solelc Distributed Operating System Atsuko Tamada † Takao Mizuguchi † Masahito Shiba †† Koichi Mouri ††† †. Eiji Takimoto Eiji Okubo †††. †. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University †† Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University ††† Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University In Solelc, the operating system consists of abstraction layers and a kernel. The abstraction layers work on each computer and provide the environment which the kernel works. The kernel uses functions provided by the abstraction layers and manages the resources of all computers. By this construction method, the kernel itself works in a location-transparent fashion, and it becomes possible to manage all resources on multiple computers with a single kernel. However, since a single kernel works on multiple computers, the entire system might stop when a certain computer breaks down. In order to improve the reliability and availability of the system, it is necessary to provide functions for fault-tolerance. In this paper, we propose a method for improving fault-tolerance by transactional memory operations. This method utilizes the memory redundancy on the virtual space shared by all computers which Solelc manages.. 1. −41−.
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(30) g©«ª m^zX{i Ub^}U ¿Á ú d`e ]Uf g§¨b^} SUT h jôk`lt ^ ytô(} ¯ UaÓ Ë g õ^}tË ômi 5 ã { £EoU©"[UªpX6 q d`eô²U]`vf ¬8è [iq B } ï ø ¯ ` `a S mX T özi¯ ® jvgrhUjUkzX®v± S`ÛU} £©ª SUT Ó hUjUkUlv ³! g ¯ a Ë mUË zX{ h^j`knz g^"o`# [Uprqb `&Ë }% ' ¯ na T özi® j g $bE ¯ a *m j (UU} )³*v!nsv½xu\Ó wUy ½\Ó } T ¯ a Ë o^[ôprqb } +bg $n^zr {`|^} h^j^Ë k`l ¦T Ûvu¬s 3X# ¯ o¦[¦½\pXÓ qò Â{ ¯ a g vU}U# eY Å X,U-¦ ³} ! hUjUkUlvT e Y Å gU^¬Uv { £©«Uª } ®UË ¯ SUT ½\Ó S ôUn zX® ³!½x¯Ó a m`z {rh`j^k ® . {U|`} h jUk^ltv vr^^XU ²UbgXè ^ mr ` Ë { oU[ pXqbT svuriv{ ¯ a g U}bUmXX¥ m } 2.2.3. ,. ,. . Solelc. ,. ,. .. ,. .. Solelc. ,. ,. .. .. 3. ,. ,. .. ,. ,. .. ,. .. 3. ,. ,. B. ,. A. B. []\_^a`cbad Solelc ef , ghij k lmno p qr sÿp t muw vyxz|{ }~ v , |p p|{ . r|sp tmuv f , rcs {}~p +ce@ ¡ . r sp tmu f , q|e | ¢|£ ¤¥¦ , r|sp tmu§v ¨© ª |efr|sp«¬|p }~|k | . g h§iyj| º »f ¼, µ s® ½§¯|¾°© ± , r©ps ²³p´ x µz©¶{·©¿ ¸À§k¦ywÁ¹ . àp g hijÂefqr©sp t mu fÄ Ì Í { Å| p Æ {ÇÈwÉ Ê§Ë , r sp {βv Ï Ì,Í tmu| ²³ {ÐÅ v r sp { ÑÒ v ke Ó . r s p xz¿À{Ô 4 Õ . MASTER RW v MASTER RO fr©sÖ{ t m§É c xzÂe Ë , Ir×Ì sÍ IØaËYÙ×Ú±1ªIÛÖ~ ÖfÄp r|sp kÇÈw¦y| . MASTER RW x zÂpÜr©sÖÖfÝ×ÞßàÓâáÖã×e Ö k , MASTER RO x zpräs fÝäåäÉçæ èe . ¦ ± , MASTER RO xzprs f« ¬{Èäé , «¬e v{Öê REPLICA xzcprscë , ÝÞå ì ÉçæèäeÛ ~ kØíËîÙäÚä±ç Ì .Í ¨äé , REPLICA xz|p r sf , r sp {È ïk tmu|ef¨ð , ñ p |kr|sptmu ew v {êÉ . òª , INVALIDÌf Í , Û~ k ØóËôÙ Ú©±| Ê|±õ Ì , r sp {È e . l m n o pm öä¨räs f , ÷ ª p¨2 xïzä p©¹ épõ °e . • 1 ø p ef MASTER RW xz|e , ñ p à p ef INVALID xz e . • 1 ø p ef MASTER RO xz e , ñ p Âe f REPLICA xÖz Öf INVALID xz e .. CPU. .. J7KILM /1012. .. ,. ,. .. 4. −44−.
(31) x y , Äp). k.?µ[email protected]). ) k . p ¹ . Ê¡ ë , )|k)VWwÉ ¨ |k ¨)x.y| É ¢ Âv{> £©vÉ ªo>o © ï ). { w ª .. write MASTER_RW. INVALID write. read. read write. ùúû , ü ýâþÿ
(32) ý !"#$%&' . Ô 4 r©sp xz¿À ghij f , q|e wô ¡ ½ ¾ , çw± 2 ïp {¿ Àì¦ Á . ¨äé , g hij©f , «¬|{È ïr s) (É ßwÓ *|Þk |©vÓ , r sp«¬ { +öi |v , lmno p ,.- ){ /.0wÉ . MASTER_RO. p s® ¯ f , s® ¯ µw¶ · ¸ / ¦ × .¡ Solelc ÊÖÚÖs֮ܯ©µà¶ç·¸ f , c d..| ¢ áã ew¡ Ë , q pµw¶¡ · ¸{Ä C .¡ ¨ .z©e ¢ ¦yÁ|ªwË , ¢ £ ¤¥ÉªËâ|vke|Ó . p ¢£|{ ¤ {¢| è v¡ ©Ë , wɪ z©es®¯ µw ¶·|¸k¢ É ªxy , ñ p |p z X B sw¸kÇÈw¦ X ¥ , s® ¯ µw¶ · ¸){ ¦.W.[ vk áãwv ¨ . Solelc ef , }~ à p l m§¦ |§ ¨ º ¸ ¶âµo©©z©p oª«Âk . ¨ é , 1 øäp äNk .ìÉ)ª xJyäwÊ Ì | ÇȦ| ª Í ëHv ,¬ä N¾ fK ´ Bsì¸çk ñäpäN ¤ v.wä . ® zw|Ë , ¢ s ¡ ç\ . z|X p Bsw¸y{ èÉ ¯ ªs®¯ p ^²´ã|³ {)°±¦Á|ªwË , º»¼ µ ( h|p f > s¡ { ª§Ëâ© v e ?µ @ A{ . É ¢ w ¦Á |v k áãwv ¨ . {.|lm p.).(µwvÉ , Linda f ¯ p¹ oD¯©µr©sµÐ ¶ÂÊÚ «¬ }~ · ¸ > [3, 4] k . Linda f¯äef , {E| ?. µw@ AÊ , )D¯ µr sµ v º¥ | lm © |v , )D ¯©µr sµ(wÉ fsC p´ ËvËç{ì¹E ª ap 4 sJtähp nE»J¼E½cN{ GJIaÉ . )D ¯ µ r s µ . Ð ¶ ef , D¯ µ r ¤ sµ{ }~ ) <|s ¾ )|)k ¼ W¾)ª xy , â { èÉ / ¦â o>D F µkÉ ÂÉ ò©¹ v ¹ ¿)À k . Á. [3] v [4] ef , » p ¿)À { Ã.Ä ) ) Å p 1 ï vÉ , ®|C · P)ms z©X D ¯|µ r sµp «¬ ){ Æ.dÉ . Å , Solelc e f , J E « uäp °äȱ ÇEÉäHp cEd {Neäô ¡ v¨wð ì@ ¡ { áãìv ªEa , px Ê| ½¾ «¬©{ ÆdÉ . w ¨é , ªE«äkìË , ç { ) ©I } ~§É , w- ©{Ç Ë§É . É °ÂÉ , Solelc p)x.y , }~ { w¹ s® ¯\ÌÍ k){ |.Æ.d¦U| . ª a , «¬|)k vwwÉ . |ë s p pã©)k ¯ , ?µ @.Ap £¨ Î Ï ® ¯ k Ðáãwv ¨ . ¨ ®. Ò é , « ¬ p wÇ X N È Ì Í ÑÚ e¨wð , )|k)VW p mö ¨ { ÇÈ Î² k .. write. Solelc. REPLICA. ,. 13234357698;: s® ¯ k/ 0 )| < s>= µf , ?µ.@ACB s ¯ ä ED.F ¼ µ HG.ì I ¦ä . Solelc ef , ? µ @JAK B s¯aëHLNM3OQ P ÌvU É H R ~_¦Iä . ¨ é , Ss)T©µw¶ ·|¸f Ø* Þ{V.W¦Á| v )| < sX = µ ²³ { V É , s®¯ f|©{ LHMYO; P vÉ ÑÒ . ? µZ@JA; B s¯cpH V ^ )W. [ ¦|ª.LM\O>P f , ghij | ]. ¨ _.`¦|ªa , Ss)T|µw¶ ·©¸ v s¡ ® ¯ µ¶·|¸f , b pc.| d { e ||v ¨ 2.4. ð@¢ á ã e . ?Ö µ @ A>B s¯R~Âf , fhgµic·kjHl / ms fܯo nqpÂÓ , ?Öh µ @ AqBÜs¯{ÜÑ Ò× hfg µi©· jrlv /Ï© R~©{ § ¹ msp 2 st©pµ¶I·×¸ | | . fgoµ i· jlp u|f 1 ïe k , msf« uv.w| . ÊpÊpX p msf , frg µ iào· j lÖ|Ö ÑÒ§¦y©ªÃ| p ?µ @ AXB s ¯ ) { R~ v ke Ó . p.ª a , . « u p ?µ @.ACB s¯|)k VWwÉ )ª xy| ë , .« u|p . Jzä; p msN R~H{ {Z|_¦çÁcvkáãe . ò ª , ? .µ @EAKBs¯äNp R ~ xzä ±õ , } é ?.µ @.AXB s ¯ { ÑÒ v ke Ó . ~ ps® ¯ k «.u p ò Solelc ef , ¡ ªk ¢ ªa , |k 1 ø e ëw É ª. 3. 5. −45−.
(33) MASTER_RW. write. . INVALID. MASTER_RO. read. unlock. MASTER_RO. . REPLICA. (2) write. write & lock. 5. "#$ . 1. (3). PÍÓXOÍT » ?\Ô)Oi ÊÚ r sp xz¿À. MASTER_RO. Ô. wô ¡ {PÓXOT y w ± ) { / | 0 . ª a , » ?ÕÔOi v | , X|{.Özw¦âÁ ). ){ G.× . ¨ é , s ® ¯ p)R» ~.Ec e Z ? §J µ Ú @ZÙ AKBs¯ä{ 1 ï3 p PØÓKOkT ?\Ô)» O vÉ , pß.*|Þ.ÛÊ ñ|p\PÓCOÍT ?\ÔO ° ±p . ß * w ÞN{ Ü.Ì Í . Ë ¤ , ) V.WCÛ mö ¨ { ÇÈÉ , |{ è§É s ® ¯| µ¶·¸yop ¦W[©{ §¹vÂÖÜ ? µ @.Ap . £¨ ¢ ¡ { . Ç Ë . 4. 1. INVALID. . 1. PRIMARY_RW unlock. BACKUP. Ô. 1. 2. . 3 1. (1). write. write & lock. . 1. 6. 1. REPLICA. . 1. INVALID. BACKUP. . . !. 1. INVALID. 1. REPLICA. . %'&()*¿À (+. Ä ( wþ °|± , ¯|ª,&®¯ (ã -° .|¦ Á / 0,1 , ?µ@.A2-.¦Á'/ 0,1 ¨wðy&® ¯ ( ã . - S&)T 3G.I 4/ 01
(34) áã51 ¨/ . 6 8873ö:9<;>=@?<A PÍÓX»OTº » ?ÕÔOCB - /.0'4/ªa3»ú º , DE5F (¾w· · D,
(35) βG1¨,/ . 0H( ¾· ·D2%'&,I,( ),*'( 1 ïJ1ÉHK cd>pÚª . Ä,þ ( xy'( %. Ô 5 3 Õ 4 . ».. ú , M,N O
(36) &È|ILï (%J)&,*I,¿
(37) À -MASTER ),*'( x y , ñ'( P2QSR °©±T( M2N O2UWV ( X2YRW ²³W- ZS[J42/W021 þ ñ'Õ ( PÓ´OT » ?9Ô O °©± ( ß *|Þ2o- ÜÉTK2\ / . ® òª , . ) Ê 3 ½w¾HK Æ.dw¦CO ] K\ ª «¬ - Î õ zEÆEd^4_/ ªEa , M`N
(38) Èïa%^&LIEú , ß 1ï *|Þ²³'
(39) 2bJc ª xy'-, ,\K d'3 MASTER RO )*G 1 ¨ / * ú ,M . e ª3fgìÉ ª BACKUP )X O N (Èïh%^&_IL
(40) MASTER RW )_*^(HxJyi3 þ REPLICA )*|°©±¿À 4,/H)* b§Ë , ).VW Ì Í 1¨2/2þ DSEjF - È©» ï + ö2B¦k]©¨S\ Ç l Û23T¦N]|öj ª « b,/ . PÓCOT ÷ ?ÕÔOBJ3ÊÚ,/ m Nn,o Ì ¬ (HNö© ¨H% &,. I ú , ( 2 ï(©¹é(,\ þ õ] ° b/ . PQ,R þ ú MASTER RW )* þ , ñ ( • 1 ø ( PSQ,R þ ú BACKUP ),*'b2/2\ ú INVALID )2* þ b/ . PQR þ ú MASTER RO )* þ , ñ ( • 1 ø ( PpQSR þ ú REPLICA )@*WbS/Sr\ ú INVALID )2* þ b/ . 4.2. ÝÞ ßQàâáã äæåç7èéê ëçæìíî. ïhð3ñ;ò7ó91âôZñZõ÷ö9øæù s® ¯ pR ~Xú , L)MOXâP p ÑwÒ| {)Ì ûÍ vÉ Ò . ).VJWXÛ p mö ¨ v) ú Ì , Í Ä § poþ } p LMÕO>âP poR ~|koü> ýþ É ª ÏÂp . ɪ k , ».E ú , q\ pELNMYOKP pR ~Cÿ ¹ ô ¡ » { 1 ïpPÓCOT » Ò ?;Ô O v » . òª , PÍÓXOÍT ¡ ?\Ô)O R ~ p w j ç· Ì Í LXOXçP { Ú Ù , » ( º wv ¨ n o p { ñ p ¾w· ·)D . » , PÓXOT ?Ô O p R ~Xÿú Äp R ~ ⩨ rÂs Ù pñ©pÕPÓCO»T » ?ÕÔkO °Â± p ß© * Þ{oÜ | . ñ|p» PÓ>OT ?ÕÔ O °|± pß * ÞpÜ ú , PÍÓXOÍT ?YÔOÍ R ~äpXý. Û H. à » . pªaº, ).VWXÛ )R »~w É \ ª Í P X Ó OT ?\» Ô ¤ º { sYþ P É , ¾w· » ·)D{ èìþ É .j · O L> O>P ò F s ¯ c ¾ · Âv
(41) Ó . òª , 4.1. 6. −46−.
(42) . MASTER_RW REPLICA. Thread A. . 1. Thread B. (a). . 2. . BACKUP MASTER_RO. . Thread C. . MASTER_RW BACKUP. y y. Thread A. q r s tuwvxwywz{ | } ~w t Ô 7 PÍÓXOÍT » ?\Ô)OCB 3ÊÚ/¿)À. . 2. . BACKUP. . MASTER_RW. Thread B. (b). vxw v ~. ¿8 ÚH®.1 HÇ È2úÕ , À ¹Cº'»C¼ ½¯¾ »· ¸ Àp¤L¥^¦LÛ9;:iÍ`Ó Æ ÑaÕLÒ_Ó . `Ú< , #2õ5T $ Ò ='>%?,@ A¹kº' (»Ük¼ÀTÇ'È2úS2»kö ,S2Ú §2¨' ÍSÓ ©Sª'"Û B$CjH 2½Ý¾ ÀS2 À ÷Æ ø ÛDEG . À FIHÝKÛ J(L:Í_Ó_ÔÔÕ , G(MÝKÚ N 8 Æ ÍÔÓ G ÇÝÈ_úÔÀ O(Ì PÝÕ`Q * % ID KÛ R(Sðh . ÀÔ ID , ) Ç^· ÈLúÛ7 hLàÀ Ä , 72Û ×Ó T Õ UV ÍÓ . ÒÖ , W ID 1X Ì -1 1Ä ,Æ á,À ©,ª £ ÌY1Z À2 " ÚHÇ'È úÛ7ÍÓ Ì ÑHÚÄ Ó . ù [°ÀS& \ * ]G , ¤2¥W¦2Û ® T , ^`_WÀ2& ] Ñ ) Ç ÈLú Û 72^` ID ÑaÛ a b ID
(43) , ID Ä Ì a¤L¥i¦LÛ :^ÍLÓ . c^Ò Ó ID Ä2<a©Lª Õ , dLÈe>^Õfhg ÍLÓÇ^È 'À i1j% kKl@È, Õ2
(44) ]! (kÛ,S2 Ò m`n /,µ2Å2"Û o p ú ' Æ Í`Ó . Õ , ûLü ý # Õh 0 ÀL "£ %q. Õ c Ò,Ó C Ú f1g Í,Ó©,ª pÕ2 Ö 12Æ , Ûr ÍÓ ÑÚÄ Ó .. P ÓCOT » ?;Ô OR2W3ÊÚS/ %W&2I,(T)2*¿ À. (+'-Ô. 1. 3 Õ'4 . » ?\Ô)OØR_ihQÛ`(h_`)_* þ b (1) PØÓQOØT /þ . M2N O
(45) HW %'P&SQI,R
(46) MASTER RO )2* UN b(/XLY , ( -¡¢'ú4 / ^01
(47) `þ £ / ,. M (2) ¤,¥'¦ ¡2¢'
(48) H§2¨5HH©,> ª ú , REPLICA )2* (l H%W&,I,- BACKUP )S*'3H«,£ ¬j , , '( c°H»±' F²H»³W¿ -H¤ ¥J´ . 0H(2µ ¶ ·'-T¸'®¯¹kº' ¼ D,,E¯ ½j¾ JÀÁ'Â,Ã,Ä,À2Å , ÀÌ P`Q`R ·i¸`Æ ÀhÇiÈ`IhÉiÀ`D_EÊFË_L` , ÍÎ KÏÐGÑÒ,Ó . ¹kºÔ»k¼ 2½:¾ »k¿ SÁWÂ2µSÕ2Ö2×@Ó MSN O À (3) ihÇ^È`ILÀpØLÙ^Ú MASTER RW ØLÙiÀa© ª , BACKUP Ø2ÙJÀHÇ'ÈSI,Û REPLICA Ø2Ù Ñ@ÜeÔ SÒSDSEÝFk²°³ÔÀTS WÛ°Þ2ßÔÍSÓ . ÃS , O M@N ÀTWTÇÔÈ2I@À°ØSÙWÛ MASTER RO Ø Ù'ÕSÍ,Ó . M,N O ÀH'Ì HÇWÈ,I,ÀHØ,ÙJÚ MASTER RO Ø`Ù:Àa©`ª , D`E<Fà²a³:Õa«`¬^Ú k ¹ ' º »¼ ,½j¾ »¿ JÛÁ Ò,\,2 , á,À,Ãà ÂÍ,Ó . 6. s é>êt<é<ò:ëQu\v w1xy{z 4'Û ¹kº'»k¼ 2½Ý¾ »ö Í2Ó Æ ÑHÕ < xy ²H³ ÛH2 Í,Ó Æ Ñ , | } §,¨'µÕ· ~JÒ w »à¼ ½G¾ » À ¿8 ÚÌ G ѹҺ Ó ». ¼ , ¹C»Hº. · ¸ À,2Ú 1 , À , ¯ ½ ¾ Ó Ì ÏÐ' Ó2 , 227% Ú §¨'ÍÓ . Ú Ó ( + 7 (b) ,8 - ). Æ á Ä , 1M ÚN Æ 1ÓH Ç'Èú,Û7 H L% ID ÛL Ó ÑhÕ < , · h^ × À1n/ ( + 8 ,- ) Ú§,¨G, Ó ÛÌ G , hh`7hË SÀ' W D 2Û°® . ù9Ë[ ÀS¹ @h , ÇJÈ S,2Õ <A Ç'ÈSú (> Ú §S¨5 ` M ¸ ú,, À' ÛH¡¢j , Ç È,úÀ Û 4.4. â ãåä<æèçÝé>êìë<í<îðï8ñåò_óåæ : ¹Ëº^»à¼ L½G¾ »àö`÷Lø Ä Ì , ù 4.2 ôiÄaõLÎ^ Ç È,ú2Ûû,üý,þ,ÿ Ä j , Ö ,Æ Ç È,úHÉ À2 L CûLü`ý ^Õ
(49) ^
(50) ` . ÀL , 1 ÀL à" Ú ! `ÓÇ^ÈLúLÕa¤¥i¦L
(51) Ú Ä , ý #'% À 1 2À2& '('') * Ç^ÈLúhÕ ÉiÀa¤Lû,¥:ü2¦L$ Ú :
(52) Ä LÓ ( + 7 (a) ,- ). ÍÒ .%/ , ! ûü,ý #'Õ1 0JÀ · 2CÚ 3Æ 4JÍ Ó©,£ ª , &Æ 2CÌ Û56G¹Cº^»C7 ¼ HÛ ×» Ó Ñ Ú Ä Ò . , Ó ½G¾ À¤¥^¦ 4.3. 7. −47−.
(53) Thread 32. Page C. Thread 40. Page A. Thread 28. Page B. +. 8. Þ. {{ {¡{¢¤£ {{¥{¦. 1. Þß À ¿8 µÅ. åæ ç`è í`æ î ïð (1) ë"ì1å" (2) ñ"ò å"æ ô(3)õ ó"ò. é"ê. 0.036ms 2.688ms 1.184ms 3.908ms. ö ¹ ÛÍ1Î1÷,û2ü,ý'Õ¬½"1,Ó . Æ ¸ À ¿18 µ,ù Å Ì , fork ½ ø ¹1º2»TÈ>'À ¿18 µ,Å2À"j 34%Ì Û á £ Ó1ú,Èû ü2HÑHÒa$Ó ý . à ¾ , ú,Èû1ü · , ¤ Æ ¥JÃ" ¾ ÇÔÈ2ú'Ì J 0 w1Õ xyqz ½'"þ$SJ¹Í2 Ó »C.¼½ ÿ ½ ,. º 4 Û ½G¾ Èûü2 , »Cö Àú Í,Ó Æ ÑÕ Æ < , |£ } §,Æ ¨ µ,Õ ¹. ~ Ò wxy ² ³WÛH W Ì Í2Ó Ñ ÚSÄ Ó Ñ2ÑTÀ k È&ú Ä , ± ÀD1 E . H Ä Ó .. ×Àn/. Ò · <H©, ª , ij2k1l2ÈÕ2CÛ,Òm`n /µ, ÅÌ 2Ûo p Í,Ó ! . p ijk$l,ÈÕ,Ò,Ú'& , n2 / ¸ µÅ,Ú µÅ,Û"§¨52CÇ'È,úÀ" Ú * 'ÒH©ª , 2%72HÀ1 Ú ÓL , ) Ç ÈLúÛh7%ia© ID Û
(54) , -G , áÀ2"2C Ú,¸ 2¡,¢'Û§,®G2 Ó Ç^ÈúÛ
(55) D^ ÍÓ . Õ , DhÊ aÇ ÈúLÛ7 ^aL ID Û,Ê - , áLÀ`©à ÚLL HÆ ¡¢. Û§®G2 ÓÇ ÈúÛD. ÍÓ . À ¿ 8 Ûª«q¬5 , ! p µ,ÅÛ' © ID Ú
(56) ,-. a©ª , ^ ×À
(57) n / Ú§Æ ¨G Ó . ÍÒ./ , 7 ,Ú§ ¨GH ÑHÕ , 1n/,Õ ®¯'ÍÓ,"%CÀ /°&n2 / µ,ÅÀ±, ·'¸'² 2 , ÍÒ./ ° Æ ±JÕ ¡S ¢JÛ §S®5 S&AG ÕHÁWÆ Â%`J ³ Ó £ ÑTÕ < , 7,Û´µ ÍÓ ÑÚ2Ä Ó .. Ä Ì ,
(58) úÇ Cȹ » ½ø¹º Solelc Õ2Ö,×SÓ w$÷,xø y¤z 4JÀ ¹ÜºJ»¼ ÿ w1½:x¾ »Üy{zö Õ Ó¹ º |»C}1 ¼ ÿ "½5# ¾ »Cö Õ1ÍÆ Ó 1Æ HÑHõ,Õ Î2 ¾ <. , |}2§¨4J Û À Æ ÑÚLÄ £ Ó . þ , Æ wxy ²³ Ûh Ü w1 Ò x@ . Ì Í Ó y Û1 À ÜJÍSÓ Æ Æ ÑTÕ <A1 . ¾ d,$È e"> À ý$'Û$÷JÍ2Ó ÑJ½ ø ¹ º2Û Ú@½""3$4& ³ Ó Æ Ñ Ú Ä ,Ó . 6. ¶ · ¸ ½@1w¹ x&º y » È'>'À §S®JÕ ÇJÈSú (¼> ¹ ÚT§ ¨½ , Æ É'£ ÀH¤¥'¦ÚH® .2¾T'Õ, 'ÛÞ2ß ÍSÁÓ . ÀJÆ Ñ , 4.2 ¿ôJ8 À$+ 6 Ä"¿½' ¾ ÇJÈ2ú2À ØSÙ À Ó . áÀ µÅ2Ûûo½¾ . ÀÞ ¿ß 18 ÚÂ Ì ,. à ÕÄ' Å Õ. ¿ Í 3, Æ ÄÇÈ Ó . w x { y É Ê (1) Þß'ÍÓÇ ÈúÀ À»Ë È (2) MASTER RW ØSÙWÀTÇJÈ@ú2Û° Ô Ì Í2Ó°û2ü@ý ¿ 8 ÕÖ,×ÓÍÎ (3) BACKUP ØSÙ'À ÇWÈ2úSÛH W Ì Í2ÓHûSü2ýJÕSÖ ×ÓÏÎ ¿8 ÒWÖ , Ð%¯ Ñ Õ Ì , Celeron 500MHz Û Ò ¹ ÓÔ½I¾ Ö ýiÛ 100Mbps ÀL × ÈKØ e ÄÙÚ PC/AT ÕL ½¾. Û ÛÜ¿8 Ó . µ`Å^ÑaáLÀaª`Ì û^Û
(59) Þ 1 Õ¿^Í . (1)Ý (3) Àaù
(60) ß ÍhÏ: Î À Û^ à ÓG¾há , (3) Ä , ÏhÎhâG^ ã Àä. "!. 5. [1]. #$% , & '() : “
(61) ú¿Ç 8C*,È1+.¹- / » ½ ø¹º Solelc À ÇÈ , ” OP P,0 2000–OS–84, Vol. 2000, No. 43, pp. 237–244. (2000). #$% , & '1() : “
(62) úÇ CÈ1¹ »*3 + ½ À'r@û¯ÑÐ32 , ” 465$OIP67 Î 8øK9,¹ :º Solelc D–I, Vol. J84–D–I, No. 6, pp. 617–626 (2001). A@CBED , F,G 9EH , I,JLK,M : “ [3] ;=<?> ,
(63) S 8TG N *T +Tw-3x©/ y h ½ ø¹ºLÀAO. P N 8,Q,R , ” OP PT0 96–DPS–78, Vol. 96, No. 95, pp. 37–42 (1996). 9=H , I,JLK,M : “ U
(64) V >øaÇ È [4] ;=<?> , F,G øG 7 ÎEWAO, P N 8,Q,R , ” OP S 8,*,+ 8.9.: [2]. Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 388–394 (1998). 8. −48−.
(65)
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