JAIST Repository
https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Title サステナプルなイノベーション・エコシステム構築の ためのアカデミアの推進 : 方策研究基盤施設の外部共 用における研究コラボレーションについての事例研究 Author(s) 小野田, 敬; 伊藤, 泰信 Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 34: 721-724 Issue Date 2019-10-26Type Conference Paper Text version publisher
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/16569
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本著作物は研究・イノベーション学会の許可のもとに 掲載するものです。This material is posted here with permission of the Japan Society for Research Policy and Innovation Management.
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ࢧࢫࢸࢼࣈࣝ࡞ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭࢚ࣙࣥࢥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᵓ⠏ࡢࡓࡵࡢ
࢝ࢹ࣑ࡢ᥎㐍᪉⟇
ؐؐ◊✲ᇶ┙タࡢእ㒊ඹ⏝࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ؐؐ
ۑᑠ㔝⏣ᩗ㸦⌮Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ㸧㸪ఀ⸨Ὀಙ㸦㝣ඛ➃⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡Ꮫ㝔Ꮫ㹙-$,67㹛㸧 ࡣࡌࡵ ḟᮇ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ᇶᮏィ⏬ࡢ⟇ᐃ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭࢚ࣙࣥࢥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚ࡢ୰᰾ࢆᢸ࠺Ꮡᅾࡋ ࡚࢝ࢹ࣑ࡢᙺࡀὀどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࢩࢫࢸ࣒⯡࠾࠸࡚࢝ࢹ࣑ࡀᯝࡓࡍᙺࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶࠊ୍ᅜ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠕࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࢩࢫ ࢸ࣒ࠖ㸦Freeman 1987; Cirillo et al. 2019㸧ࡸࠊࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ⏕ࢆ୍ᥱࡾࡢኳᡯࡢࡦࡽࡵࡁࡸᴗ⦼ ౫Ꮡࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡽ⬺༷ࡋࠊࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡋ࡚ᜏᖖⓗࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆฟࡍࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒యࡋ࡚ ᤊ࠼ࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭࢚ࣙࣥࢥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖ㸦Riesener, Dölle, and Kuhn 2019㸧࡞ࡀ᳨ウ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㆟ㄽࢆ⫼ᬒࠊᇶ♏◊✲ࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓᚑ᮶ⓗ࡞࢝ࢹ࣑ࡢ◊✲άືຍ࠼ࠊ࢝ࢹ࣑ ࣥࢲࢫࢺࣜࡢࣁࣈࡋ࡚ࡢ࢝ࢹ࣑ࡢᶵ⬟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Arundel, Bloch, and Ferguson 2019㸧ࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࢹࢩࣉࣜࣥࢆ⫼ᬒࡋࡓ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡀ࢝ࢹ࣑ࡢ◊✲ᇶ┙タࢆά⏝ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶእ㒊㛤ᨺࡍࡿ◊✲ᇶ┙タࡋ࡚ຍ㏿ჾタࡸᮃ㐲㙾タ࡞ ࡢඹྠ⏝ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢタຍ࠼࡚ᨺᑕග࣭୰ᛶᏊタࡸィ⟬ᶵタ࡞ࠊከᵝ࡞ ᐃࡸゎᯒࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆάࡋࠊᏛ⾡ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ⏘ᴗ⏺ࡢά⏝ࡋ࡚ࡢእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡀᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸦Qiao, Mu, and Chen 2016㸧ࠋ
እ㒊ඹ⏝ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㸰ࡘࡢព࠾࠸࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࢝ࢹ࣑࠾ࡅࡿ▱㆑⏕⏘άື␗࡞ࡿࠊ≉Ṧ࡞ άື࠸࠼ࡿࠋ㸦㸯㸧࢝ࢹ࣑ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࣥࢲࢫࢺࣜᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ୍ᒙಁ㐍ࡍࡿ ࠸࠺Ⅼ㸦D’Ippolito and Rüling 2019㸧ࠋ㸦㸰㸧ᨭゝ࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶᐇ㝿⌧ሙ࡛ᦠࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ ▱㆑⏕⏘άື᪥ࠎᚑࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊᴗົࡢ᥎㐍ࡀㄢ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ 㸦Escobar et al. 2017; Enkel and Bader 2016㸧ࠋ
ᅇࡢⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࠊ◊✲ᇶ┙ࣥࣇࣛࡢእ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆࡢ◊✲ศ㔝ࡢࢃࡾࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢥࣛ࣎ࣞ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚ࡢእ㒊ඹ⏝ὀ┠ࡋࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢ◊✲⪅㸭◊✲ᨭ⪅࠸ࡗࡓ㛵ಀᛶࡳࡽࢀࡿᙺศᢸࢆ ᡤࡢࡶࡢࡍࡿศἲࢆ㉺࠼ࡓከඖⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶ㸦Bignon 2016㸧ࡢ࡞ࡽࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞ ࢩࣙࣥࣔࢹࣝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ௨ୗゝཬࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊᅜෆእ◊✲ᇶ┙タ࠾࠸࡚እ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ⛉ Ꮫ⪅࣭ᢏᖌᑐࡍࡿ ᖺࡽ ᖺࢃࡓࡿ࢚ࢫࣀࢢࣛࣇㄪᰝ㸦ཧほᐹ࠾ࡼࡧࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ㸧ࡢ ୰࠾࠸࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ ㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟㸸◊✲ᇶ┙タ࠾ࡅࡿእ㒊ඹ⏝ እ㒊ඹ⏝ࡢ⤌ࡳࢆ⡆༢㏙࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡣࠊእ㒊ἲேᡤᒓࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ࡀ◊✲ᇶ┙タ ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿᙧែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊタᡤᒓࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ࡀ⏝ࡍࡿࠕෆ㒊⏝ࠖࠊྠࡌ◊✲ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ᒓࡍࡿἲேᡤᒓࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ࡀ⏝ࡍࡿࠕඹྠ⏝ࠖࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋෆ㒊⏝ࡸඹྠ ⏝ࡣタࡀᑓ㛛ࡍࡿ◊✲ศ㔝ྠ୍ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀ⏝ࡍࡿࡢᑐࡋࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊタྠ୍ ࡢ◊✲ศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀタࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛵ಀࢆᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ⾲1 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋタ ࢆ⏝ࡋࡓ◊✲ᡂᯝࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊෆ㒊⏝ࡸඹྠ⏝࡛ࡣࠊタ࣭⏝⪅ᡂᯝࡀᖐᒓࡍࡿ ୍᪉ࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝࡛ࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ◊✲ᡂᯝࡣ⏝⪅ࡢࡳᖐᒓࡋࠊタᖐᒓࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ እ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿタࡢከࡃࡣࠊᡂᯝࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡀᏛ⾡ㄽᩥ➼࡛බ㛤ࢆ๓ᥦࡍࡿࡇ࡛⏝ᩱ 㔠ࡢᘬࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠕᡂᯝ㠀༨᭷⏝ࠖࠊㄽᩥ➼ᡂᯝࢆබ㛤ࡋ࡞࠸௦ࢃࡾࠊ⏝ᩱ㔠ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ㐠㌿⥔ᣢ⟶⌮㈝ࡢࡍ࡚ࢆ㈇ᢸࡍࡿࠕᡂᯝ༨᭷⏝ࠖࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ⏝ᙧែࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢫ࢟ ࣮࣒ࡣูࠊタഃඹྠ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊᡂᯝࡣ㈉⊩ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡼࡗ࡚⏝⪅࠾ࡼࡧ タᖐᒓࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊ⏝ᩱ㔠ࡶ㈉⊩ࡢᗘྜ࠸ᛂࡌ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀỴᐃࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ 2F09
２Ｆ０９
⾲㸯 ◊✲ᇶ┙タࡢ⏝ᙧែ ෆ㒊⏝ ඹྠ⏝ እ㒊ඹ⏝ ⏝⪅ タࢆᡤ᭷ࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ Ꮫෆእᡤᒓࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ Ꮫእ࣭⤌⧊እᡤᒓࡍ ࡿ⏘Ꮫ◊✲⪅ ◊✲ศ㔝 タྠࡌศ㔝 タྠࡌศ㔝 タ␗࡞ࡿศ㔝ࡢሙ ྜࡶ࠶ࡿ タࡢ㛵ಀ ̿ ྠ୍⛉Ꮫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ ↓㛵ಀ ⏝ᩱ㔠 タࡀ㈇ᢸ ⾜ᨻ➼ࡀ㈇ᢸ タ⏝ࡿ⤒㈝ ࡢ㈇ᢸ ᡂᯝࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ タᖐᒓ ⏝⪅ᖐᒓ ⏝⪅ᖐᒓ ศᯒ እ㒊ඹ⏝ᴗົࡣࠊ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࡽ◊✲ᇶ┙タࡢ㐠Ⴀࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵḞ ࡃࡇࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᴗࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢከࡃࡢάືࡣ◊✲άືࡋ࡚ぢࡽࢀࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᨭ άືࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ◊✲⪅㸭◊✲ᨭ ⪅࠸࠺ࠊ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣ◊✲⪅ࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ࡚⾜࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ◊✲ᨭ⪅ࡀ⾜࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ศἲⓗ࡞ᩚ⌮ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Katz and Martin 1997㸧ࠋNMR タࡸᨺᑕගタࢆࡣ ࡌࡵࡍࡿ➹⪅ࡽࡢㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝㝶ࡍࡿᴗົࡢከࡃࡣࠊ◊✲άື⨨ࡅࡽࢀࡎᢸᙜ ⪅ࡢࣥࢭࣥࢸࣈࢆ┤᥋ࡶࡓࡽࡉ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊከࡃࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡗ࡚እ㒊ඹ⏝ࡣ㨩ຊⓗ࡞ᴗົ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡃࠊタࡢ◊✲άື⏝ࡍࡿ࣐ࢩࣥࢱ࣒ࢆ๐ࡗ࡚ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࠊࡲࡓ ᐃ⮬యࡣࢧࣥࣉࣝㄪᩚࡸゎ㔘ࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸ࠕᴗົࠖࡋ࡚⨨ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ እ㒊ඹ⏝ࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶ◊✲άືࡣᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡋࠊ◊✲άືࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸άືࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡣ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿάືࡋ࡚ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡇࢀక࠸ࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆᨭᴗົࡢࡳ⨨ࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡀᮏ᮶ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴ ࡁㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ◊✲ศ㔝ࡢ⏝ࢆಁࡍ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺≧ἣࡀ⏕ ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡣࠊ⏘ᴗ㐃ᦠࡢ㝿⏕ࡌࡿၥ㢟ྠᵝࡢぢゎࢆぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ⏘Ꮫ㐃ᦠࡀ 㐍ࡲ࡞࠸⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ࠊ␗࡞ࡿ◊✲ศ㔝ࡢ㐃ᦠࡣ౯್ほ➼ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡽࠊ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ 㐍ࡵࡿࡇࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࡀᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Liew, Shahdan, and Lim 2013㸧ࠋእ㒊ඹ⏝࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ◊✲ᇶ ┙タ࡛ࡣタࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿศ㔝ࡢ ᐃᚑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽࠊ᪥ᖖ ᐃࡍࡿࢧࣥࣉࣝ␗ ࡞ࡿࡢ◊✲ศ㔝ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ᐃࡀ័ࢀ➼ࡢ⌮⏤ࡽࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀᕼⷧ࡞ࡾࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ◊✲⪅㸭◊✲ᨭ⪅ࡢ㛫ࡢࠕぢ࠼ࡊࡿࣄ࢚࣮ࣛࣝ࢟ࠖࡶࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝άື㝶ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗ ົࢆ◊✲άືࡋ࡚⨨ࡅࡃ࠸≧ἣࢆຓ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ◊✲ᇶ┙タ࠾ࡅࡿእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀᣢ ࡘࠕㄆ㆑ⓗᩥࠖ(Knorr-Cetina 1999)ࡢ㐪࠸ゝ࠸࠼࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡢᢸ ᙜ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣ◊✲㛤Ⓨ᪥ࠎᚑࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙼ㸭ᙼዪࡽࡣ⊃ࡃ῝࠸ᑓ㛛▱㆑⋓ᚓࡢࡓࡵࡢࢺࣞ ࣮ࢽࣥࢢࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪉ࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡋ࡚እ㒊࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢࢥ࣮ࢹࢿ࣮ࢺࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࠊ ᙼ㸭ᙼዪࡽࡣᖜᗈ࠸◊✲ศ㔝ࡽࡢᢏ⾡┦ㄯᑐࡋ࡚ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊ ⮬㌟ࡢᑓ㛛ࡍࡿศ㔝͆௨እ͇ࡢ◊✲ศ㔝ࡢ▱ぢࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ◊✲ᇶ┙タ࠾ ࡅࡿእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀᣢࡘㄆ㆑ⓗᩥࡢほⅬࡽゝ࠼ࡤࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠊ࠸ࢃࡤᗈ ࡃὸ࠸▱㆑ࡣࠊ͆㍍ど͇ࡉࢀࡿഴྥ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽࠊ◊✲άືࡢ୍⎔ࡋ࡚እ㒊ඹ⏝άືࡀ⨨ ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡃ࠸ഴྥࢆຓ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊᢸᙜ⪅ᑐࡍࡿㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡀ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ 㞴ࡋ࠸≧ἣࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡿ୍᪉ࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡢᢸᙜ⪅ࡀ⛉Ꮫ⪅㸭◊✲ᨭ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢࡾ㉺࠼ࢆᚿྥ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡢࡶ┳ྲྀࡉࢀࡓࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ ᐃࡋࡓࢹ ࣮ࢱࢆ࣮ࣝࢸ࡛ࣥ ᐃࡋ࡚࣮ࣘࢨ࣮㏉ࡍࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗົ⤊ጞࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊタഃࡀࡑࢀゎ㔘 ࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛タࡀ⾜࠺◊✲άືࣇ࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡘ࡞ࡀࡿᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡸࠊタࡀ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ゎᯒࡋࡓࡇࡢ࡞࠸᪂ࡋ࠸ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ゎᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ᪂つ ᐃἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ ➼ࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊタࡢ᧯స࡞࡛タࢫࢱࢵࣇࡀ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢὶࢆ῝ࡵ
ࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ⨨᧯సࢫ࢟ࣝࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿᶵࢆᣢࡘࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠸࠺ࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ⨨᧯సࢫ࢟ ࣝࡢྥୖࡢࡶᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡾ㉺࠼ࡣࠊ⏘Ꮫ㛫ࡢ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ⠊ᅖࢆࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ ࡢࣃࢸࣥࢺ࡞ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࡞┈͆௨እ͇ᗈࡆࠊ▱㆑⏕⏘άືࡘ࡞ࡆࡿ㐃ᦠ࠾࠸࡚ࡶᶍ⣴ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸦Baldini, Grimaldi, and Sobrero 2005㸧ࠋ
ࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡉࡽ㐍ࡵࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡽᥦࡉࢀࡓࢸ࣮࣐ࡽ᪂つ◊✲ศ㔝ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡸ᪂つ ᐃἲࡢ 㛤Ⓨࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ច㉳ᆺࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࡶ┳ྲྀࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࠼ࡤࠊタ ࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ⏝࣭ ᐃἲࢆᥦࡋࠊࡑࢀぢྜࡗࡓ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ ࡽࡢ౫㢗ࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿ᪤Ꮡࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࠊࡢ⛉Ꮫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ⏝⪅ࡽタࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ ⏝࣭ ᐃἲࢆᥦࡋࠊタഃࡀࡑࢀࢆ✚ᴟⓗཷࡅධࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊタࡢࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⏝ἲࡸᑗ᮶ࡢ タࡢࣜࣉࣞࢫィ⏬ࢆࡁࡃኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࠊ࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀ◊✲ ࢆᐇࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ࡸタࢆ㉳Ⅼࡍࡿࡢᑐࡋࠊ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࢆ㉳Ⅼࡋࡓ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ᪉ྥᛶ ࢆច㉳ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ࠊ࢝ࢹ࣑࠾ࡅࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚ᚋࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡀ ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ௨ୖࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆࡵࡄࡿࠕㄆ㆑ⓗᩥࠖࡘ࠸࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆࡲࡵࡓࡶࡢࡀ⾲㸰࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ ⾲㸰 እ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆࡵࡄࡿㄆ㆑ⓗᩥ タࡢ⏝ ホ౯ࡢᇶ‽ ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ ◊✲ ᐃཬࡧゎ㔘 ㄽᩥ➼ࡢタྠ୍ࡢ⛉Ꮫ ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡢ㈉⊩ タྠ୍ࡢ⛉Ꮫࢥ࣑ ࣗࢽࢸ ᨭ ᐃࡢࡳ ⏝ᩱ࣭௳ᩘ 㸫 እ㒊ඹ⏝࠾ ࡅࡿ◊✲ࢥࣛ ࣮࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥ ᐃཬࡧゎ㔘 タࡢᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ ᐃᢏ⾡ྥୖ ඹྠ◊✲ እ㒊㈨㔠⋓ᚓ ᪂つ◊✲ศ㔝ࡢ㛤ᣅ タ ྠ ୍ ࡢ ⛉ Ꮫ ࢥ ࣑ ࣗࢽࢸຍ࠼ࠊࡑࢀ௨ እ ࡢ ࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢸ ᒓ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ ࠾ࢃࡾ බⓗ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢ◊✲ᇶ┙タ࠾࠸࡚እ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ◊✲⪅㸭◊✲ᨭ⪅࠾ࡅࡿศ ᴗⓗศἲࡢࡾ㉺࠼ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᪤Ꮡࡢᩚ⌮࡛ࡣࠊ◊✲ᨭᴗົࡣ◊✲άືࡣ␗࡞ࡿά ືࡋ࡚ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀࠊᢸᙜ⪅ࡢࣥࢭࣥࢸࣈࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀศ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞どⅬ࡛ࡣࠊ࢝ࢹ࣑ࡼࡿእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡣ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊタ␗࡞ࡿ◊✲ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸศ 㔝ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡶᢸᙜ⪅ࡢࣥࢭࣥࢸࣈࡀ༑ศᢸಖࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡽࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿ 㝿ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡋ࡚ࡢእ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊእ㒊ඹ⏝ࡢάືࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࠕᨭࠖࠕ◊ ✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡘ࡞ࡀࡿάືࠖࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᥎㐍᪉⟇ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ≉ࠊ ⌧ᅾࡢ⾜ᨻࡸἲே➼ࡼࡿእ㒊ඹ⏝ಁ㐍㛵ࡍࡿᨭࡢከࡃࡣࠊᨭᑐࡍࡿ⿵ൾࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ከࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀᑐࡋู࡚ࡢ᪉㏵ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀᚋồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ◊✲⪅㸭◊✲ ᨭ⪅ࡢศἲࡢࡾ㉺࠼ࢆᚿྥࡍࡿእ㒊ඹ⏝࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲ࢥ࣮ࣛ࣎ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊ≉◊✲ᇶ┙タࡢ ḟᮇィ⏬ࡸࣜࣉࣞࢫィ⏬࡞ࡢ᳨ウ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢタࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿ⛉Ꮫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡼࡿᥦ ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊタࡀ❧ᆅࡍࡿᆅᨻᏛⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࡸ♫⎔ቃ➼ࡢ♫࣭⤒῭ⓗ࡞ほⅬࡽࡢᥦ࣭ᨵၿࡢ ྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣢࡘ➹⪅ࡽࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅗ㸯♧ࡍእ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆ㉳Ⅼࡋࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨࣔࢹࣝࢆᚋᅇࡋ࡚࠸ ࡃࡇࡀᚋࡢ◊✲ᇶ┙タ࠾࠸࡚ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㐍ᒎࢆಁࡍ᪂ࡓ࡞▱㆑⏕⏘ࡸ◊✲ᇶ┙タ ࡢᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅗ㸯 እ㒊ඹ⏝ࢆ㉳Ⅼࡋࡓࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ࣭࢚ࣙࣥࢥࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᚿྥࡍࡿ◊✲㛤Ⓨࣔࢹࣝ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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