85
KBOnPOCyOBESJMI‑IHblxnPEnJIO>KEHI/ifIX BCOBPEMEHHOMPYCCKOMHSbIKE
XI'IPOKHXACI'IMOTO
BpyccKoMH3HKerJIaBHbIMHwIeHaMHnpeXJIo)KeHHH
HBJIHIoTCHnOniJIe>KameeHCKa3yeMOe,HBMeCTecTeMBnpenJIO)KeHIIHIIaCTO BO3MO>KHOOnyCKaTbTOTIIJIH"PyrOiiwIeHnPe"JIo)KeHHH・BoTXeJIbHHxcJIytlaHx O"HHrmaBH画傲IIJIeHBOBceHecyIIIecTByeTccaMorOHaqaJIaMHmJIeHHH.O'mHocoCTaBHHM HBJIHeTcH叩eXJIo)KeHHe,06pa3yIomeecHH3ToJIbKoonHororpaMMaTIIKIecKH He3aBHCHMOrOrnaBHOrOwIeHa・aToTTePMHH"o"HococTaBHblii''BBe且§HaKan.A、A.
皿axMaToBHM.Be3JIHIIHHe叩emJIo)KeHHH‑O"HOcOCTaBHHe叩e"JIO)KeHIIH,BKOT"Hx
eCTbJIHmbOXHHrimaBHHiiIIJIeH,CKa3yeMOeHBHHxHeTHocHTeJIHHJIH叩OH3BOXHTeJIH 叩H3HaKOBneiiCTBHH・Bnpe八JIaraeMojicTaTbeocHoBHaHUeJIbcocToIITBToM,tlTO6H KJIacc"HImpoBaTbpa3Hoo6pa3HHe6e3JIH,IHblenpenJIo>KeHHHHIIpHBecTH叩HMePH ylloTpe6JIeHIIHaTIIx叩eXJIO>KeH",IMTIIPyeMHxH3叩OH3BemeHHiiPyccKoji
JIHTePaTyPH.
Be3JIHIIHEIe叩eXJIo)KeHHHoTJIHKIaIoTcHoT6ecno"JIe>KamHHxIIPenJIo)KeHmHii
HMeHHeMT.H・nceB八oHOXJIe)KamerO,KOTOPOeHeMO)KeTcTaHoBHTbcHHacToHmHM
"eHTeJIeM,HanPHMeP:
MHeBceocTo,IePTeJIo.CoBePmeHHoe6e3yMHeHaMeHHHamJIo.MHHToMHJIo
6ecnoKoMcTBo・HaMeHHHanaJIaTocKa.
aTH叩eMo>KeHHHHBJIHIoTcH6e3JIHqHHMH,aHe6ecnonJIe>KaumHMH.OXHaKoB naHHOiicTaTbeTaKOrOPO'ma叩e@mJIo)KeHIIHHeBKJIIoqeHHBKPyr6e3JIHIIHHx npeMo)KeHHii,nocKoJIbKyc"pa6e3JIHqHHx叩e期o)KeHHiiMo)KeT6HTb pac叩OcTPaHeHano6ecnPemeJIbHoicTeneHH.
CpaBHHBaeMcJIenyIomHecooTBeTcByIomHenocHHTaKcHKIecKoMyoTHoIHeHHIo JIHKIHHeH6e3JIHIIHHe叩enJIo)KeHHH,zITo6HBHHcHHTbceMaHTHIIecKoepa3JIHIIHe,xoTH B:60JIbmHHcTBeCJIyKIaeBHeTCOBeP皿eHHOrOnOJIHOrOCOOTBeTCTBHHMe>KnyJIHqIHHMHII 6e3JIHtIHHMH叩e"JIO>KeHHRMH・HHecnnIo.MHeHecmITcH・noC7Ie"Hee叩emJIOX<eHHe B叩a>KaeT"eKcTBIIeHe3aBHcHMooTBoJIHneHTe"H・STonpe'mJIo)KeHHeBO3Mo)KHo
86 XI'IPOKI'IXACHMOTO
3aMeHHTb叩yrIIMnpeXJIo)KeHHeM,HHeMorycnaTb・aToynoTpe6JIeHHeBo3BpaTHHx rJIaroJIoBHBJIeTcH60JIeeBe>KJIHBbIMBHpa>KeHHeM,KIeMynoTpe6JIeHHeTex)KecaMHx rJIarOJIoB6e3IIacTHUa"CJI'',nocKOJIbKymlacTHUa"cH''HaMeKaeToToM,KaK6ynTO o603HaIIeHHoeBo3BpaTHbIMrJIaroJIoM,meiicTBHe叩oH3BeneHocoo6Pa3HocBoJIei
cJIy皿aTeJIH・
HanpHMep:OHcaMxopomeHbKoy3HaeT,KIToeMyxorleTcH.HHHIIeroHexoIIy
・…HJIHHeTIMoryBcTaBaTb,KoMaB3jmyMaeTcH;ABMyMaIooTe6eHHoiipa3.
Be3JIHKIHbIenpe,mJIo)KeHIIH,cKa3yeMoeKoTopbIxHBJIHeTcH6e3JIHKIHo‑npeMKaTHBHbIM cJIoBoMHa"o'',BHpa>KaIoTneiicTBHe6e30KIeBH"HoroyKa3aTeJIHHa"eJITeJIHB H3HKOBHX中OPMaX・HanPHMep:fIrPymy・MHerpycTHo.TbIrpycTH曲.Te6e rpycTHo・KaKBumeyKa3aHo,BaTH6e3JIHIIHblenpeno>KeHHHwacToBcTaBJIJIeTcH naTeJIbHbMiicy6beKT,KoTopHiiHcnbMTbIBaeTHcHxHIIecKoecocToHHHe.AnoJIJIoH AnoJIJIoHoBHIIBCnoMHIIJI・noMHHTcH‑HrpbIBaJIamoneHa.BnepBoM叩飢JIC》KeH皿 及eiicTBHe6HJIocoBepmeHocHJIoiiBoJIHZIeHTeJIH,aBnoCJIenHeM叩e""o>KeHHH o603HaIIeHHoerJIaroJIoMconep>KaHHeBupa)KaeTneiicTBHe>oTHocH皿eecH Heco3HaTeJIbHoKneHTeJIIo,noaToMyBo3BpaTHbliirJIaroJI"noMHHTcH''ynoTpe6JIHeTcH.
TaKHerJIaroJIH,KaK6HTb,cTaTb,6HBaTb,cJIyrIIITbcH,oKa3aTHcHH叩.可acTo ynoTpe6JIHIoTcHB6e3JIHtIHbIxnpeJIJIo>KeH"x,HoaTHMHrJIaroJIaMHHeBo3Mo>KHo o6pa30BaTbcooTBeTcTByIomlIe6e3JIHEIHbIMJIHIIHHe叩enJIo)KeHHH,HMeIomHeTo)Ke
caMOeconep>KaHIie.
Ha叩IIMep:rocTeiiHe6HJIo,KpoMeBepbMHoXHoro叩e3a6aBHorocTapHKIKa.
/JIep./OTIIaHecTaJIo.I‑IeroHacBeTeHe6bIBaeT!/Typ./eMycJIyIIIIJIocbcoiiTHcb cKHPcaHOBHM./LIep./oKa3aJIocb,qTooHHey3HaJIMeHH.BcJIyrlaeynoTpe6JIeH"
"PyrHxrJIarOJIOB叩e"CTaBJIHeTcHBO3MO)KHocTbcooTBeTCTBHHMe>K"yJIHKIHHMHH 6e3JIHIIHHMHnpeMo)KeHHHMH,xoTHHHKornaHeTHoJIHorocooTBeTcTBHH・B 60JIbmHHcTBecJIyqaeBB6e3JIIIIIHbIx叩e,mJIo>KeHHHxKapTHHHHapHcoBaHH60JIee HeO叩eneJIEHHO,IIeMBJIHEIHHxHnPe,IICTaBJIHeTCHBo3MO>KHOCTbBHPa3HTbTOHK"
oTTeHoKO6mePacnPocTPaHEHHocTH・OTHocHTJlbHoKoHKpeTHoromOnpeneJIEHHoro 叩e"MeTa6e3JIHKIHHeHJIHEIHblenPeXJIO>KeHHHCOBnanaIoT,Ha叩HMeP:STOii BCTPewHeCOCTOHJIOcb.aTaBCTPeKIaHeCOCTOHJIacb.nH"HMOerOHeoTHCKHBaJIOCb.
瓜MHMoiiHeoTHcKHBaJIcH.O)KImaeMaHnoMombHenpHxoMJIaoO)KMaeMoji
nOMomHHenpHxo"HJIo・
HTaK,cToEIKHceMaHTHKo‑cHHTaKcHIIecKoro3peHHHoTTeHKHHeoCo3HaHHocTH,
KBOnPOCyOBE3JII'NHHxnPEHJIO)KEHI'UIx
BCOBPEMEHHOMPyCCKOMFI3blKE 87
HeMOTHBHPOBaHHOCTIIIIKTOMy>KeOTTeHoKJIerKOcTH叩HnaIOTCH6e3JIIIEIHHM 叩enJIO)KeHMM,IIBupa)KeHHeaTIIxToHKHxoTTeHKoB3HaIIeHHjicnoco6cTByeT m叩oKOMyPac叩ocTpaHeHIIIo¥ynoTpe6JIeHIIH6e3JIHnIHbIx叩enJIOJKeHHiiKaKB pa3roBOPHoiipeIIH,TaKHBH3bIKeXymo>KecTBeHHoiJIHTepaTypbM.
Bpa3roBopHoiipeKIIIHBHoo6Hapy>KIIBaeTcHTeH,meHUHHKToMy,IITo叩H BHPa>KeHIIHnepBoroJIIIIIHoro'MecToIIMeHIIHe"IIHcTBeHHorowHcJIaynoTpe6JIHIoTcH 6e3,JIHKIHIJe叩eXJIo)KeHHHIIHo9ToMyqacToMecToHMeHIIe..H''cKpbIBaeTcH,a ynoTPe6JIeHHeBToporoJIHKIHoroMecToHMeHwI3acTaBIIT叩ennOKIIITaTbJIIIIIHHe 叩emJIO)KeHwI6e3JIHKIHHM,Ha叩IIMep:HeBeCeJIoMHe・THcero,mHHHeBeceJIaH.
B6e3JIHKIHHX叩eXJIO)KeHIIHxH3EHBHTeJIbHOeHaKJIOHeHHeB60JIbm蝋cTeneHH yIIoTpe6JIHeTcHBJIIITepaTypHoMH3bIKe,a,mpyrIIeHaKJIoHeHHH,KaKcocJIaraTeJIbHoeH HoBeJIHTeJIHHoe,H3peXKaynoTpe6JIHIoTcH.
nonJIe>KameeB6e3JIHIIHbIxnpe"JIo)KeHHHx,KoTopbleynoTpe6JIHIoTcHno oTHomeHHIoK,meHTeJIIoXeiicTBHH,BHPa>KaeTcHB中OPMenaTeJIbHOroname)Ka, BHHHTeJIbHOrOname)KalIPemKOC叩e,mJIoroM""JIH'',"y''Hnp.
Ha叩HMep:MHerpycTHo・aeroH叩H瓜aBHJIo・
aTorOMHHIIx@moBoJIbHo./qep./yMHHoTJIerJIo.noMe)KaIIIeeB(PoPMe maTeJIbHOrOnane)Ka,KOToPOe60JIbmeiiIIaCTbIoHBJIHeTCHO6皿e叩HHHTHM9B IIaCTHOCTH,B6e3JIHKIHO‑HH中HHHTHBHbIx叩emJIo)KeHHHx,ynoTpe6JIHeTcHBToMcJIyIIae, KOrmaBHHMaHHe叩oII3Bo,mHTeJIH,0603HaIIeHHorononJIe>KamHM,06pamaeTcHHacaMo
"eiiCTBIIeH叩OII3BO"HTeJIbMO)KeTBJIHHTbHenOCPe"CTBeHHOHa'meiiCTBHe・Ha叩HMep:
>KIITbeMyTH)KeJIo・・・…/ryP./no,mJIe>KameeB中oPMeBHHHTeJIbHOrOnane)Ka cxIIITaeTcH叩eXMeTOMneiiCTBIIH,0603HaqeHHOrOCKa3yeMHM・BHHIITeJIbHHiiname)K BHcTyllaeTBpoJIIInomJIe>KaIIlerOB6e3JMIHIJxnpe,mJIo)KeH"x,CKa3yeMoeKoTopbIx BHpa>KaeTcH6e3JIHIIHHMHnepexoZHbIMIIrJIaroJIaMHHJIHnepexo"HbIMHrJIaroJIaMHB 6e3JIHKIHOMynoTPe6JIeHHH・Ha叩IIMep:MeHHTomHHT.nonJIe>Kamee,BbIpa)KeHHoe nPeMOrOM",mJIH"CMeCTOHMeHHeMB"PMePO皿TeJIbHOrOna八e>Ka,0603HaEIaeT orpaHHIIeHHHiineHTeJIb.Ha叩HMeP:"JIHMeHHHcHo・yMeHHHa"yme6bIJIooIIeHb CMyTHO・KaKBHmeyKa3aHo,叩emJIor"y''cMecTOHMeHHeMB。OPMePO'MreXbHOrO name)KaBbIpa>KerraKoeUo6JIe>Kamee,KoTopoeHaxo,mHTcHB6JIH3HoTqero‑HH6y,mb IIJIIIKoro‑HH6ynb・BBbImeyKa3aHHoM叩emJIO)KeHHHMO)KHO3aMeHIITbCJIOBa"yMeHH'' cJIoBaMH"MHe''HJIH・・Moeii'',HoB3ToMcJIyqaeynoTpe6JIeHHecJIoB"yMeHH''
HBJIHeTCHCaMHMTHnHⅡHHM・
KJMIIHHM叩eXJIO>KeHHHMoTHocHM叩e"JIO)KeHHHCOcKa3yeMHMBTOPOrOIIJIH
88 XIIPOKI'IXACI'IMOTO
TPeTberOJIHUMeCTOHMeHHHT.e・o606mEHHO‑JIHIIHOe叩e且JIC》KeHHeHJIH HeO叩eneJIEHHO‑JIHqHOe叩emJIO>KeHHe,nOCKOJIbKyB3THxOXHOCOCTaBHHx 叩e叩OxeHHHxB中"MecKa3yeMorOBupa)KaeTcJMJIImono"JIe)Kamero,He HBJIwIIomerocHcTpyKTypHoHeo6xoMMHMIIJIeHoM"JIHsTHx叩en"O>KeH城.
nPemJIO>KeHHHcHOBeJIHTeJIbHOiiの"Mojir'JIaroJIoBoTrpaHHKIHBaIOTcHoTrPyllHH 6e3JIHIIHEIx叩eMo>KeHIIii,noToMy,IToBoo6meaTa"pMarJIaroJIaHenocPencTBeHHo oTHocHTcHKBTopoMyJIHUy.CJIemoBaTeJIbHo,JIHEIHHeo"HocoCTaBHHe叩ennOxeHHH HeHMeIoTneJITeJIHBH3HKoBHx。opMax,KaK6e3JIHKIHHenpeMo>KeH"・BKoHeIIHoM CEIETeBHxOXHT,ロIToBJIHIIHHxoXHococTaBHHxnpe"JIo)KeHIIHxneiicTByIomeeJIHUo MHcJIHTcH,HoB6e3JMIHHxnpeXJIo>KeHHHx"eiicTBHeHJIHcocToHHHeBocnpHHHMaeTcH KaKHe3aBHcHMoe,060co6JIeHHoeoT"eHTeJIH・Mo>KHo"aTbonpeneJIeHHe6e3JIHtIHHM 叩emJIo)KeHIIHMTaKHMo6pa30M.Be3JIHIIHble叩e"JIO)KeHHH‑3TO叩e瓜O)KeHHHCOnHHM rJIaBHHMwIeHOMT.e.CKa3yeMbMM,B。OPMeKOTOPOrOHeB即a>KeTCH3HaqeHHHJIHIla HHeTyKa3aTeJIHHaHeroB"aHHoMKoHTeKcTe,Ho3ToMy6e3JIIIEIHHe叩en"O)KeHHH
"BycocTaBHHMHHe6HBaIoT.KKIHcJIyo,mHococTaBHHx叩enJIO)KeHIIiinPHHamJIe>KaT KaKcKa3yeMHo‑6ecnO'mJIe>KamHue叩eXJIo)KHHH,KoTopueHB"JIIoTcHJIHIIHHMH, Heo叩eneJIEHHo‑JIHIIHHe,0606meHHO‑JIHIIHHeH,6e3JIHKIHHe叩e"JIO)KeHHH,TaKH no,mJIe)KamHo‑6eccKa3yeMHHe叩e皿o》KeHm・CMop"oJIorHKIecKoiiToIIKH3peHHH cKa3yeMHe6e3JIHKIHbMx叩eMO)KeHHiiKJIaCCH中川HpyeMcJIe"yIomHMo6pa30M.
1.6e3JIIIIIHH曲rJIaroJI,BKJIIoKIaHJIIIKIHMirJIaroJIB6e3JIHKIHoMynOTpe6JIeHHH. 2.BO3BPaTHH曲rJIarOJI
3.rJIarOJI6HTHH
4.HH中IIHHTHB
5.KpaTKaH中OPMa叩maCTHHCTPanaTeJIbHOrO3aJIOra
碇・
6.6e3JIHKIHO‑叩enHKaTIIBHOeCJIOBO
3necbMHHcK"Io,IaeMKPaTKyIo"OPMy叩池acTHHcTPanaTeJIbHOro3aJIoracPe"HerO POnaH3rPynnbI6e3JIHKIHO‑叩e瓜HKaTHBHbIxCJIOB.
1.BE3JII/II‑IHbliirJIAroJI
Be3JIHKIHaiirJIaroJIHeH3MeHHeTcHnoJIHuaMHEIHcJIaM,aTaK)Kenopo,maM.
Be3JIHxIHHerJIaroJIbIBupa>KaIoT中H3HEIecKoeHncHxHKIecKoecocToHHHeHo6cTaHoBKy oKpy>KalomeiicpenbIH叩叩o"y.Be3初頭HblerJIaroJIHHMeIoT。opMycpe'mHerOpona e"HHCTBeHHoroIIHCJIaCoCJIaraTeJIbHorOHaKJIoHeHHHIIHeonPeneJIEHHyIo中oPMy,He
KBOHPOCyOBE3JMLIHHXnPEHJIO>KEHI'IHX
BCOBPEMEHHOMPyCCKOMH3HKE 89
roBopHy>KeoH3bHBHTeJIbHoMHaKJIoHeHIIH.HanpHMep:CBeTaJIo6H.CBeTaTb・のOPMH noBeJIHTeJIbHoroHaKJIoHeHHHoHHHeHMeIoT.BHacToHmeMH6ymymeMBpeMeHH rJIarOJImynOTPe6JIHIoTcHJIH皿bBのOPMeTPeTberOJIHIIaerHHCTBeHHOrOIIIICJIaHB 叩o皿飢meMBpeMeHHrJIaroJIHynoTpe6JIHIoTcHToJIbKoB中oPMecPeXHerOPoma e"IIHCTBeHHOrOIIHCJIa・Ha叩HMep:CBeTaeT・By,meTCBeTaTb・CBeTaJIo・nOaTOMy JIHKIHbMerJIarOJIbIB6e3JIH[IHOMynOTPe5JIeHIIHHHOr,maCOBnanaIOTCJIHO中oPMec JIIIqHHMHr"aroJIaMII.Ha叩HMep:O"HoMyc6HJIocb.npeXcKa3aHHec6HJIocb.
JIHIIHHerJIaroJIbIB6e3JIHIIHoMynoTpe6JIeHHH,maJIeKo叩eBocxo,瓜HTpIHcJIeHHocTbIo CO6CTBeHHHe6e3JIHIIHHerJIarOJIbM,nOaTOMy6e3JIHIIHHe叩eX"O)KeHHH叩encTaBwHIoT MHoroo6Pa3HHiiacneKTHo60raIMIoTcjIcJIoBapHbIMcocTaBoM,06Pa3yIomIIM 6e3JIHIIHHeIIpe"JIo)KeHHH・KPOMeTOrO,3aMeIIaeTcHO6maHTeHmeHUHHBHTeCHeHHH HMeHHrJIarOJIOMBPyCCKOMH3HKe,KOToPaHCnOCO6CTByeTPa3BHTHIoHyBeJIHKIeHHIo 6e3JIHIIHHx叩enJIo)KeH曲.
I‑ITOKaCaeTCHna,me)Ka中OPMunCeBnOnO"JIe)KaIIIerO,KOTOPOeHBJIHeTCH Cy6beKToM,ynoTpe6JIEHHbIMHooTHomeHHIoKcy)K,meHHIo,To叩IIynoTpe6JIeHHH nepexomHororJIaroJIaBHpa)KaeTcHCy6EeKTB中OPMeBHHHTeJIbHOrOname>Ka.
Ha叩HMep:MeHJIB30"a。7Io・HJIH叩e"JIorc中OPMOjiPO"IITe.JIbHOrOnane)Ka.
HanpHMep:yMeHH60JIHTHo"JIo>KeKIKo歯.BHeKoTopHxcJIyrIaHxnPHIIHHa BO3HIIKHOBeHHHHB。71eHHHHCHma叩叩o"bIo603HaqaIoTcH"pMojiTBOpHTeJIbHoro nane)Ka.Ha叩IIMep:BeTpoMroHHTJIHcTBy.n"yKa3aHHHMecTaHJIHBpeMeHH o6cToHTeJIbcTBao6bIIIHoynoTpe6JIHeTcjInpe,MorcocJIoBaMHBmopMe叩e即o》KHoro nane>Ka・HanpHMep:B,7IecHyJIoBrJIa3ax・nPHBe"EM叩HMepblyHoTpe6JIoHIIH 6e3JIIIKIHbIxrJIaroJIoBHJIHqHbIxrJIaroJIoBB6e3JIHIIHoMynoTpe6JIeHIIHBaJI中aTHoM
nopH"Ke.
6eJIeTbaHaJIBope,maBHoyjKno6eJIeJIo./rpH./
6JIeCHyTb 6JIeCHyJIOBI、JIa3ax、
60JIeTb yMeHH60JIHTHo"JIo)KeKIKO前.
6Pe3)KIITb[IyTb6Pe3)KHT.
6pocHTb neTIo6POCHJIOB>Kap.
Be3THHoMHe,6paToK,Be3JIOHanePBHxnopax./moJI./
eMyy>KacHoBe3JIo./JIep./
B e C T H H a " B O P e B e n e T .
yMeHHHOryBeneT.
H Bx o Im g ox f uo l l' o Lh
@ qL H EB d go o oe w パ印 O If E LO O m'
q L 限 H(
B L o o r
qLHmKOr
q Le r e.
I Or q M H d 9 V
●O
q JE , Id
e y ●o
qJHger q Le r KJ
q Je w ed J
q LH h do J
qMHJ
q L H 9 H m 画 H
qL Hg
q MH I DI N H
q L H r e a g e n g
q LH d Le H Hg
q M H K L g
q M H x H d L O g
qLOBnOH
q LH 派 fd x og
q LH w KE E dg
q LI I Jo d og
H L W O g
q LI I ro g
・JHmKoredMo
" Xm I oW a rK O EH o L‑
O Jo x )K o ll
。 er g Jo Y H
・ qL
Ⅷ Bd g BH e JK o lM H da n '
・ Ls E Jd a ro J s
. JI I ge r Bg a 、L L OH M L
。 、 L H M J X e m K H O J o H パ
. 3H E Wd e Xg H WB J qH e n' J ,I I We d ,I
・ LH h dQ J qM h GB I M9 K JH d uO I gh H Ew B oB
・ 血 r g O J S L 9 H J
・ 恥パ o Il ' 9H m ng
・ Js o ge g Kd L g
・ Je d eg E Ho I MH m II q gn e Ho ) IB H
・ O I f H U E e g e n g H h O H X
・ oI l 'I I dJ a gn H am e qo e ge H Bg e LK q Il ' 9w x
・ OI M HB L HL O gm K
. oI M Hx H dL o Ho H qI M oK J sI l 'e , L
・ OI f en O HK ) II f Og q If O nw B H!
O LI f rm g K
・ ol f H双 d )I O HK H ol l 'o J
・ oI l 'H w Ks e dg e mI q gO o Jg
・ LH L od o gI I mf r oo J e
・qIfo画wgHOIfmoH9H恥
・ LH r og K os I fg
・ oI I 'x e Iz ' 8K w gh x
・ LH L 9I f gパ w 9H x EL
・ oI l 。g g do E HB H 9w
・ Ho l fo J HL e re d ge g wI I Br J oX
/ ・d j (, L /・
B MI f ee L oo I fB e g
W OI f HO W O) I JB W HW O HO y IO B Il
。 OL
‑ OI O yI B )I
/ ・d K J.
/ ・w o ws H LH E wo d
q LO 9 OL
$ We
" OO O If
" Ol f B9 8 9e H LO
/ ・d e ll ' /.
w sH s wB I mo I i' H e8 鯛 HL C
/ ・d、
L /.o l l'9 d ehe g 9源パ
・ Kx q He L BJ ' qL B he x
qh9rg
日日g r蛇帥 廻.d eg9 LBo q虹皿
qLz9g
q Ja d eh 9 g
06 ' Ⅸ d I I O X W O V W H L O 0 ,
KBOHPOCyOBE3JMIIHMXnPEEJIO)KEHWIX
BCOBPEMEHHOMPyCCKOMH3HKE 91
KOMnaHHH"JIHHee./qeP./
"ePgTPyKycHJIbHo.
3"ecbCHJIbHoayeT.
TyTBoTTe6H"aBHT,nymHT.
. ● ●
MHe》KMeTo
KHCJIOTOii>KrJIOeMyPyKH.
Tpy6y3a6HJIonecKoM.
TaKTe6H3a6PaJIO・
XOPOry3aBaJIHJIO.
He603aBOJIOKJIOTyIIaMH.
BIIepaHanocTpoiiKe3a,maBIIJIoEIe,710BeKa.
3aeJIOHKOPHyIoUenb.
MeHH3aKPenHJIO.
rJIa3acHeroM3aJIenH狐o、
bb
bbbbTbTHVヴTbbTⅥTHTbTHOHb印皿睡獅画︑Tb諏沁皿班鉦伽伽唖唖呼極卿韮皿皿球麺叩〃〃xx333333333333
BoJIHoji3aJIIIJIonaJIy6y.
yMeHHy皿H3aJIo>KwIo・
Bo@mHoMxyTopeMamHHyMoIo3aHecJIo./mo'JI./
aByTpeHHeMcBe>KeMBo3"yxeocTpo̲IInbHHHme3anaxJIo
⑫
JIOmamHHHMMHOToMHcorPeTHMnerOTCKoMmenPOcMa3aHHOH
KOHCKOiiC6PyH./moJ'./
3anOPOmHJIOHOJIeCHerOM.
3aCeJIOBrOJIOBy,IITO・・・
MHe3aCTHJIaeTrJIa3a・
KOJIeCOM3axBaTHJIOerO3anOJIy.
3axBaTH狐O瓜HxaHHe、
MeHH3axBaTHJIOBOJIHOiCO6HTH曲.
bT
Hbb
TTmbaHmm血諏0eTB︑ccXaaaa3333
3BeHeTb 3BeHe狐oBrO狐OBe.
yHee3e,JIeHeJIOBr.7Ia3ax.
Ha八Bope3Ho6HT.
ay>KBHOraxyBaCTaKH3ynHT.
BCIoCnHHyH3JIOMaiJIO.
CKPOBJIHKanaeT・:‐
nOrOna6HJIaTHxaH,HeKaIIaJIO.
3e狐eHeTb
3HO6HTb 3yneTb
H3狐OMaTb KanaTb KaxIaTb
92
KH瓜aTb K狐eBaTb K狐OHHTb
KPanaTb KPeHHTb
KO狐OTHTb
KO狐OTb
KoHTy3HTb
●●
KOPe>KHTb
KOPO6HTb
KOpuIHTb JIHxOPa"HTb
狐OMaTb
MeJIbKHyTb
Mep3HTb
MeCTH MO3xHTb
MOnO"HTb
MOPO3HTb MOPOCHTb MyTHTb HamJIe>KaTb Ha風oeCTb
HamyTb
HaKaTHTb
HaHeCTH
HanoPOcHTb HenOCTaBaTb
Hemy)KHTb
HeCTH
XIIPOKHXACHMOTO
MeHHKHUaeTBXPOXb.
Hy,KaKKJIIoET.
KJIOHHJIOBCOH・
HeMHO)KKoKPanaeT.
erOcHJIbHOKPeHHTTOBO"Hy,TOBnPyryIocTOPOHy.
MeHHKOJIoTHTOTCTPaxa.
yMeHHB60KyKOJIeT.
erOKOHTy3HJIOBrOJIOBy.
●●
erOBCerOKOPe)KHT.
oT)Kapy'mocKIIKopo6HT.
60JIbHOrOKOPKIHT. 60JIbHoroJIHxopa"HT.
HBaTOBPeMHerO3HO6HJIOHJIOMaJIO・
MeJIbKHyJIOyHeiiBrOJIOBe./Typ./MeJIbKHyJIoB叩yrBrOJIOBe ApKaMH./Typ./
HMHeMeP3HJIO.
cerO"HHMeTeT、
IleJIHii,meHbMO3)KHTHOry.
erOMOJIo八HJIO・
HanBOPeMopo3HT.
Ha"BoPeMoPOCHT.
erOMyTHJIO.
BHKoByHamJIe>KaJIoHeMenJIeHHoHBHTbcHKMecTypa60TH.
aeWHanOeJIo.
HamyJIOByXO.
HaKaTHJIOHaMeHH、
JIOXKyHaHeCJIOHaMeJIb.
HanOPOCHJIOCHery.
MHeqerO‑TOHeaOCTaET./JIeP./Tenepbpe6paHenocTaET.
/rpH./HHyonHoroH3HacHenOcTaJIocHJIHoTBpaTHTbaTy 叩頭HHy./IJep./
B。7IH6JIHKoBa3apaHeeHeay2KHJIo.
Ky,maHecETBTaKoiiHeypoIIHMiqacaToroqIeJIoBeKa・H3
KBOnPOCyOBE3JIHqHHxnPEXJIO)KEHWIx
BCOBPEMEHHOMPyCCKOMH3HKE 93
HoJIyTEMHHxceHeiinocTOHJIOronBopHKaHecJIo3anaxoMTEIIJIoro P>KaHOrOxJIe6a./Typ./OTTe6HHTaKy>KHeCeTPO30BOii nOMamoii./JIeP./Pe6EHKaBTOPO揃及eHbHeCET.
TaK.Te6jIxoJIomoMHo6nacT./Typ./
BeTpOMTe6Ho6myeT.
MeHH6y"ToorHEMo60>KrJIo./mOJI./
y>Kry6HyHee3eMJIMO6MeTaJIo.
TaK>KapoMo6HHJIo・
BaCnePByIOoJKr.7IO.
TyTHBaHaCaBBIIIIaO3aPHJIO6
MeHHB叩yrKaK6y,mToMoJIHHeiiOcBeTHJIo.
rpy八beMyocBo60JMJIo.
TyTMeHHB"PyrOCeHHJIO.
oTHerooTmaETHeMHOroBOZKoIo.
O6naTb O6nyTb
o6)KeIIb O6MeTaTb o6HHTb
o丞eKIb
o3aPHTb
OCBeTHTb
ocBo6o"HTb
oCeHHTb OT"aTb OT狐exIb
oTHeCTH
OTHHTb
OTOKTH OTOPBaTb OTnyCTHTb OT皿H6HTb naPHTb
nAXHyTb
oTJIer,JIOOTmy皿H、
BeTPOMOTHeCJIOJIO"KyOT6ePera.
HOrHOTHR狐o、
OTOmJIOOTcePnUa.
eMyOTOPBaJIOpyKyHHory.
MOIO60JIbOTnyCTHJIO.
naMHTbyMeHHcJIeTaMHoTmH6JIO.
naPHTnePe"rPO3oii.
BHeiinaxJIoHemaBHoBHKpameHHIJMHoJIoM,poMamKoiiH MeJIHccoii./Typ./BHEMnaxJIoMHToil./Typ./、
HaHeronaxHyJIo3TojicBe)KecTbIqMoJIo八ocTbIonoJIHoToIo
氷H3HH・
BaMnePeBaJIHJIO3aTPHnUaTb.
erOBCerOnePeBePHyJIOOTaTHxCJIOB.
HooTaTHxcJIoBMeHHTo>Kempe"pHyJIo.
IIyTbTPaMBaeMHxHenePeexaJIO.
Koe‑KornaIIMHeoTHeronepena,maJIo./mon./
nePecHxaeTBoPTy.
● ● 、
nPeTMeHHBOHH3KOMHaTH.
naxHyTb
b妬︾蹄︽︾︽︾︾恥印印印印印印印︑︑︑︑︑nn
XPIPOKI'IXACIIMOTO 94
瓜圃xaHHenepexBaTHBaeT・
BroPJIenePmHT・
OmITbHoBePrJIOBHe6HTHe,
H3xaTHnOBeJIJIOCHPOCTbIo・"IeP./
oTHeenoBefIJIoTeMHeH3EHcHHMHMapOMaToM./JIep./
MamyBCIoHoBo朋加,!KaK6epeCWHaorHe.
6eToHHbIMOcKojIKoMcJIerKanoBpeJIHJIOHory.
IIno,maBHJIoHMOpJIHmyH"eTe揃.
MeHHno,m6PacHBaJIo.
aHaM‑TOnO"Be3JIO.
Ano"BeJIoTe6H.
erOBCerOnOnePrIIBaeT・
KceP瓜uyHO"KaTH"O.
Ha,mBopeno"MOpo3IIJIo・ゞ MeHHTaKHnO瓜MHBaJIO・
aKHXnOXHHJIO.
OHmeJIHeTopomIcb,KaKIInomo6aJIonoceTMTeJIIoMy3eH.
B叩yrno'mJIo>KeIIKynoJIonpeT・
Kornaerono"TpHxHBaJIoHapHTBIIHe.
TyTHnOnxBaTHJIOMeHH.
no‑cTapoMyJIIIno3HBaeTTe6HHamBeimapcKHiiCap・
y>KKOJIHHaTOnO皿"o,/Typ./
HHaC6unOKaJIeIIHJIo,
no,m6opo"oKnoKocHJIoB"Wrylo.
naBJIyneTpoBHqycKOponoJIe"aJIo./Typ./
KyTpyeMynoJIeruIaJIo./Typ./
KaKHo)KoMnocepXIlynoJIocHyJIOMeHJL*
nOCaCuBamOno"JIO)KeKIKO的.
BrJIa3axnoTeMHeJIo./moJI./
●●
eenoTHrHBaJIO、
TO"bKOXO"O八KoMoTHeenoTHHy.JIo.…
erorpoMOMnoPa3HJIo.
eMy叩encToHJIoHecKoJIbKOMeCHUeBcnycTH叩eCMHK&
bTaB.b麺bVジTaTHbBHrTem印既X卿卿皿皿
ⅢOBO瓜HTb
HoBpemHTb nOmaBHTb
non6pacHBaTb
nOmBe3TH nO瓜BeCTH
●●
nOmePrIIBaTb nO"KaTHTb
nOmMOPO3HTb HO"MHBaTb nO瓜HHTb
nono6aTb no瓜nePeTb
bT
abb BTT
HHbH︑bXTTuTHaaeH叩池配︑叩匪風瓜3哩ⅢK:KOOOOOOⅢⅢ︑︑︑︑
no狐erIIaTb
nOJIOCHyTb
nOCacHBaTb nOTeMHeTb
nOTHrHBaTb
HOTHHyTb nOPa3HTb
nPenCTOHTb npeCMHKaTbcH
・ n9 d eh o Iz , HL O do g EB d Ko
Ⅲ パW o Hr o
・ ol l ・9 g ee d ra I f
・ 鵬 m K O r
L oo I fe e ge e dH J od o r' / ・I l 'o m /・
o ll ' Es H se d BH s we d og r 'O g g
・ oI M dr e gE E dK d eh a gx
・ 画H H HO I l' O OW O yI O HH X Hh I l' O HL O BH S WO I MM I I
. Le g gH H oB o dn e do g n' B H@
B oJ , e) K By I
・ oll ' 9II m Odn g eII w EEs l l'o
> KB
・ ol f II L EH x od ug o go d on ' sV
・ Wo x Ed , Lo o Il . BH o du H >I B LB H sw
/ ・I f om / ・w o xo , Lw H xo a hI I d, L xs I fe o mf g @B H eW o Il
。 EE H Ho d U
. oI f oa H od u 伽9 9 wB H ・o I fo e Ho d no J oH q Il ' 09
・ qh o Ho I oH J bI o gg o IM w oI I 'o d II
・ on ' J) K od u HJ , fJ , BH s w) I EL
・ JM r 'O d nB 9 9L
! BH x oz ( Hr ' Ho s H
・ wo n 'o l z, o xo l z' e dg o dU e hH H oo H do g eH E wo d
・ 脚o g ad a r' B Hs w oI M HH o II ' xH d u
・ oI f B8 I q, L eg x Hd u oJ 9
・ 加刃
、 LH I l' E xo I l' H we m Hd n Kw o Hr o HO g
と OI f Hm g ,L H dn o Iq h oH B ge L ws h ee
.e r派 H
o uH 叫 厩g x Hm B HS H J(
w oH q Il , ow O JO g バw o Hr o oI l 'H h Hu o II d u
・ BHL o ged , LoH S Hgq J ,WI I IHB H oLH e rey I sm' K TI, L ooI f eJ, o Hdn e H
d oI l 'O S HH d nO e gw S hE E
. (H o If o JH K ws o lf m Hd n
. eX
< II H He ) KH H 93 8 0I Z 'E W H) K Hd n OE H
. Wo H oo o oI l mH g er ' Hd n oJ s
・ oI l '9 d JH d nq H en ' ou H
・ olI , Iqg I Idn パ xIf o noJ 9 mBH
・ oIl ' ed9 H dnB 9 9,L o IqL d ewo o IoJ I E)I
・ qll
。 Iqu o lfH 9 Hdn w emK o r'
・ J, H Le d ue H wM H er a gE H od n oJ s Lo
. WO H e双 鵬 oH o re d au
g > 9 6
I I q E B W O ) I O O A d W O H H g W 3 d g O O g
X BI ' IH 3 >K O II , rg d nX I qH h HI l 'g g gO j fO O dU O H>
I
q JH L od o gE E d
H Lo e gE E d
I IJ E gg E Ed
q LH d re g EE d
q LH h K皿
q JB H HH o Bo d lI
q LH g Hm o dn
q JH L eg x od u
q LB H od u
q JB S II H od n
H Lo s Ho d u
q JH w oI f od I I
q h e 氷 O 血
q M r o d n
q Le d go d n
q MH u oI z 'x H d皿
q Je g nJ B Hx H du
: qJ I Iw e mH d n
q LI i mB L II d n
q LH h HU o Hd n
q LE L oH d u
H LO S HH d n
H LM d u
q ,L E ww K Hd u
q LH g er ' II d 皿
q La d JH d n
q LN 9 Hd n
q Le d gH d n
f qL H gH d n
q LH L ed n
・ q LH g e ro o H ql f o gs H o dI I s Ho I f B) K I l' o r od n o ,1 3
・ oI f Hh o Id ) Io w eo g oo o Js N Yo , IS H Hr a If O O皿 日
・ mn d yI o If H ho I d) I ow o dL e g
/ ・dK J '/.
e mfr ' BHo I I'g a d)I o oHh e H@B H o)I I IHL H Oパx w IGW e HKH
q LH g EI f o
q JH h oI d xO
H Lo e d) I o
qLHEOgxO
q LH r de o
・ L H E O m I O q O a r e
. ..
e rJ o xG o If H rd e oB H sW
/ ・I I dJ / IL s BL e HO
・ HL O OI f BL O KL O Ol f ea O nn q If e 皿w o Lo u
・ 9x K HL H Il ' de g O
・ LH g da g oe , Io H g
・ oI f el f Le g oe h Hg o dJ e UE I I, g eU f em
" BH
・ OI M Hr B OI I HI I KL O
・ ぬf、
I OIO I HX<
I IHO I feH r eOO H qIf I IO
・ oI f Hg B dx E SB I fJ g
・ eL o gm K Ho l fe e ed
・ nr d eo o HL 9 H匪 e dH ) IB L
・ Lg g do H qI M oo
、 Ie
qLgJ9gO HLOaHO
q LH I fd g go
g Le g de H o
qLerL9gO q L H H r e O
q L e H r g O
q LH g Bd
q LB E ed
q L X H 匪 e d
q Le a d
H Lo B dL o Bd
H Lo g go o ed
q LI I MH o Ed
q Le d en o ed
q LH H ed
q LB 8 do E Bd
q Je d 9o E Ed
H LO S HE B d
q L 画 刑 e e d
q JH d ow E Bd
q LH ) Ks o wE E d
q JH w oI l 'E E d
・ oI f oB d Jo E dB H ew e Jo d or g
/ ・d a ll
・ /・
o If e go o ed
@ II s Ho x BH / .I f om / ・o l fe g oo e dq M h‑
q Mh
・ HL o od R OL o ol f HM H oE d oH g ed 9
I olr d ano e doJ e )IB ) I
・ oI f HH E do B 9
・ oI f Bg d oc e dK X mK u
・ qJE x soI z 'ed g oEE d oJs
・ oI l ,o s HE B de m 9B 9 3L B ・o I fo a HE E dパ x m血
・ KJ o do r oI f Rw E Bd w sH H II I f
・ o l M d o w s e d B H e W 画 d e y K L o
・ 、I O HO I l, I I) K EO w Se d パW S
・ oI f Hw o If e ed o Js o HB H 3w
・ oI l 'E w oI f ee d oJ e og o ,I O LO r ‑I l 'B H OL o BE
G xE M dB H qo B BW H Hr o uH d u0 H Bo I MH o od l lh H go d Le U 鵬o x el l ,V
・ oI l 'E J Ke d rs e do H mE d Lo
・ ol f Hg e re e dw s Il ' Hg o wo L HB o Je
ddd EBE ESE 皿伽諏 脚gg g班H 虹醒虹
q
O ,L O WH O VX I 'I ) IO d II
96 X