«Σχεδίαση, Υλοποίηση ενός Προσωπικού Περιβάλλοντος Μάθησης και Διερεύνηση Παραγόντων Αποδοχής»

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ȮȠȱȨȪȦȪȞȤȥȪȠȥȫȜȤȟȠȯȮȤȥȪ ȤȟȬȯȧȜȥȬȢȮȢȭ ȫȦȢȬȪȰȪȬȤȥȢ ȥȜȮȠȯȣȯȨȭȢǣȮȠȱȨȪȦȪȞȤȠȭȫȦȢȬȪȰȪȬȤȜȭƬ ȠȫȤȥȪȤȨπȨȤπȨȭȮȢȨȠȥȫȜȤοȠȯȭȢ

ȟɇɎɉɘɊȽɒɇɈɛȠɏɀȽɐɜȽ

ǼȭɖɂɁɜȽɐɄǡȯɉɍɎɍɜɄɐɄɂɋɟɑ

ȫɏɍɐɘɎɇɈɍɠȫɂɏɇȾəɉɉɍɋɒɍɑ

ȧəɅɄɐɄɑɈȽɇȟɇɂɏɂɠɋɄɐɄ

ȫȽɏȽɀɟɋɒɘɋȜɎɍɁɍɖɛɑǽ

ǲǡ

Environment & Investigate Determinants of User

ǳ

ȭɎɓɏɇɁəɈɄɑȠǤȥɘɋɐɒȽɋɒɜɋɍɑ

ȠɎɇȾɉɚɎɘɋȥȽɅɄɀɄɒɛɑǣȝȽɐɇɉəɈɄɑȥɘɋɐɒȽɋɒɜɋɍɑ

ȢɏəɈɉɂɇɍǡȤɍɠɋɇɍɑʹͲͳͷ

ȟɇɎɉɘɊȽɒɇɈɛ ȠɏɀȽɐɜȽ Ɏɍɓ ɓɎɍȾəɉɉɂɒȽɇ ɐɒɍ ɎɉȽɜɐɇɍ ɒɄɑ ɊɂɏɇɈɛɑ ɂɈɎɉɛɏɘɐɄɑ ɒɘɋ ȽɎȽɇɒɛɐɂɘɋ ɀɇȽ ɒɄɋ ȽɎɟɈɒɄɐɄ ȧɂɒȽɎɒɓɖɇȽɈɍɠ ȟɇɎɉɣɊȽɒɍɑ ɐɒɄɋ ȫɉɄɏɍɔɍɏɇɈɛ υɂ ɂɌɂɇɁɜɈɂɓɐɄ ɐɒɄ ȥȽɒɂɠɅɓɋɐɄ ǼȮɂɖɋɍɉɍɀɜɂɑ ȫɉɄɏɍɔɍɏɜȽɑ Ƭ ȠɎɇɈɍɇɋɘɋɇɣɋ ɐɒɄɋ ȠɈɎȽɜɁɂɓɐɄǽ

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠǿȠȪȞȚȠȢ ISBN 978-960-93-7444-6 ǾİȡȖĮıȓĮĮȣĲȒįȚĮĲȓșİĲĮȚȝİȐįİȚĮCreative Commons: ǹȞĮĳȠȡȐǻȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȠȪ- ȂȘ ǼȝʌȠȡȚțȒȋȡȒıȘ- ȆĮȡȩȝȠȚĮǻȚĮȞȠȝȒǻȚİșȞȑȢ (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) ǾĮȞĮĳȠȡȐıĲȘȞİȡȖĮıȓĮ șĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȖȓȞİĲĮȚȦȢİȟȒȢ ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢȀ©ȈȤİįȓĮıȘȊȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘİȞȩȢȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢ ȂȐșȘıȘȢțĮȚǻȚİȡİȪȞȘıȘȆĮȡĮȖȩȞĲȦȞǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢªȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ

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ǼȣȤĮȡȚıĲȓİȢ

ȅȜȠțȜȘȡȫȞȠȞĲĮȢ ĲȘȞ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ įȚʌȜȦȝĮĲȚțȒ İȡȖĮıȓĮ șĮ ȒșİȜĮ ȞĮ İțĳȡȐıȦ ĲȚȢ İȣȤĮȡȚıĲȓİȢ ȝȠȣ ʌȡȠȢ ȩȜȠȣȢ ȩıȠȣȢ ȝİ ȕȠȒșȘıĮȞ ıĲȘȞ İʌȚĲȣȤȒ ʌİȡȐĲȦıȘ ĲȠȣ ȝİĲĮʌĲȣȤȚĮțȠȪ ʌȡȠȖȡȐȝȝĮĲȠȢ ıʌȠȣįȫȞ ȝȠȣ ǹȚıșȐȞȠȝĮȚ ĲȘȞ ĮȞȐȖțȘ ȞĮ İȣȤĮȡȚıĲȒıȦ ĲȠȞ İʌȚȕȜȑʌȠȞĲĮ țĮșȘȖȘĲȒ ț ǺĮıȚȜȐțȘ ȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ȐȥȠȖȘ ıȣȞİȡȖĮıȓĮ țĮȚ ıĲȒȡȚȟȘ ĲȠȣ ıİ ȩȜȘ ĲȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ İțʌȩȞȘıȘȢ ĲȘȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ȉȠȣȢ țĮșȘȖȘĲȑȢ ț ȀĮȜȠȖȚĮȞȞȐțȘ ȂȚȤĮȒȜ țĮȚ ț ȋȡȒıĲȠ ȂİȜȐ, ȖȚĮ ĲȘ ıȣȝȝİĲȠȤȒ ĲȠȣȢ ıĲȘȞİʌȚĲȡȠʌȒĮȟȚȠȜȩȖȘıȘȢțĮȚȖȚĮĲȚȢʌȠȜȪĲȚȝİȢıȣȝȕȠȣȜȑȢĲȠȣȢ ʌȠȣȕȠȒșȘıĮȞıĲȠ ȞĮȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦșİȓȝİİʌȚĲȣȤȓĮȘʌĮȡȠȪıĮİȡȖĮıȓĮ ĬĮȒșİȜĮ İʌȓıȘȢ ȞĮİȣȤĮȡȚıĲȒıȦȚįȚĮȚĲȑȡȦȢ, ĲȘȞıȪȗȣȖȠȝȠȣǹȖȐʌȘĲĮʌĮȚįȚȐȝȠȣ ȇȠįȐȞșȘțĮȚǹȡİĲȒ-ǼȚȡȒȞȘ ȖȚĮĲȘȞĮȝȑȡȚıĲȘțĮĲĮȞȩȘıȘțĮȚıȣȝʌĮȡȐıĲĮıȘĲȠȣȢ

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ ©ȅȚįĮȞȚțȩȢįȐıțĮȜȠȢİȓȞĮȚİțİȓȞȠȢʌȠȣȖȓȞİĲĮȚ ȖȑĳȣȡĮȖȚĮȞĮʌİȡȐıİȚĮȞĲȓʌİȡĮȠȝĮșȘĲȒȢĲȠȣȀȚ ȩĲĮȞʌȚĮĲȠȣįȚİȣțȠȜȪȞİȚĲȠʌȑȡĮıȝĮĮĳȒȞİĲĮȚ ȤĮȡȠȪȝİȞĮȞĮȖțȡİȝȚıĲİȓİȞșĮȡȡȪȞȠȞĲĮȢĲȠȞȝĮșȘĲȒ ĲȠȣȞĮĳĲȚȐȟİȚįȚțȑȢĲȠȣȖȑĳȣȡİȢª ȃȓțȠȢȀĮȗĮȞĲȗȐțȘȢ

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ȆİȡȓȜȘȥȘ

ǾıȪȖȤȡȠȞȘĮȞȐȖțȘȖȚĮİȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘȝȐșȘıȘțĮșȫȢțĮȚȖȚĮĮȣĲȩ-įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘĲȘȢ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȢȝȐșȘıȘȢȑȤİȚȠįȘȖȒıİȚ ıĲȘȞĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘȞȑȦȞıȣıĲȘȝȐĲȦȞȝȐșȘıȘȢȩʌȦȢ İȓȞĮȚ ĲĮ ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ 3HUVRQDO /HDUQLQJ (QYLURQPHQW - 3/( ȉĮ ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ İʌȚĲȡȑʌȠȣȞ ıĲȠȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ ĲȠȞ ĮʌȩȜȣĲȠ ȑȜİȖȤȠ ıĲȘȞ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ǹʌȠĲİȜȠȪȞ ȑȞĮ ıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩ İȡȖĮȜİȓȦȞĮȞșȡȫʌȦȞțȠȚȞȠĲȒĲȦȞȣʌȘȡİıȚȫȞʌȘȖȫȞʌȜȘȡȠĳȩȡȘıȘȢțĮȚȖİȞȚțȩĲİȡĮ ȑȞĮ ıȪȞȠȜȠ ʌȩȡȦȞ ȝȑıȦ ĲȦȞ ȠʌȠȓȦȞ ʌȡȠıʌĮșȠȪȝİ ȞĮ țĮĲİȣșȪȞȠȣȝİ țĮȚ ȞĮ İțʌȜȘȡȫıȠȣȝİĲȘȞȝȐșȘıȘȝĮȢ ȅ ıțȠʌȩȢ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ İȓȞĮȚ ıİ ʌȡȫĲȘ ĳȐıȘ Ƞ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȩȢ țĮȚ Ș ȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘİȞȩȢʌȡȦĲȩĲȣʌȠȣȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢȂȐșȘıȘȢİȚįȚțȐȖȚĮĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪȢ ʌȡȦĲȠȕȐșȝȚĮȢ țĮȚ įİȣĲİȡȠȕȐșȝȚĮȢ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȢ ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞ ĲȠ Ǻǯ İʌȚʌȑįȠȣ İʌȚȝȠȡĳȦĲȚțȩ ıİȝȚȞȐȡȚȠ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ĮȟȚȠʌȠȓȘıȘ ĲȦȞ ȉȆǼıĲȠįȚįĮțĲȚțȩȑȡȖȠ Ȉİ įİȪĲİȡȘ ĳȐıȘ Ș İȡȖĮıȓĮ ĮȞȚȤȞİȪİȚ ĲȠȣȢ ʌȡȠȕȜİʌĲȚțȠȪȢ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ, ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ ıȣȞȘȖȠȡȠȪȞ ıĲȘȞ ʌȡȩșİıȘ ȣȚȠșȑĲȘıȘȢ Įʌȩ ĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪȢ, ĲȘȢ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢ myPLE ʌȠȣ ȣȜȠʌȠȚȒșȘțİ. īȚĮ ĲȠȞ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȚıȝȩ ĲȦȞ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ ʌĮȡĮȖȩȞĲȦȞ Ș İȡȖĮıȓĮĮȞĮʌĲȪııİȚȑȞĮʌȡȠȕȜİʌĲȚțȩȝȠȞĲȑȜȠȕĮıȚıȝȑȞȠıİİʌȑțĲĮıȘĲȠȣȖȞȦıĲȠȪ ȂȠȞĲȑȜȠȣǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢĲȘȢȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢTechnology Acceptance Model).

ǵʌȦȢ ʌȡȠțȪʌĲİȚ Įʌȩ ĲĮ ĮʌȠĲİȜȑıȝĮĲĮ ĲȘȢ ȑȡİȣȞĮȢ ȠȚ ʌȚȠ ıȘȝĮȞĲȚțȠȓ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ ıĲȘȞ İȡȝȘȞİȓĮ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȩșİıȘȢ ȤȡȒıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ țĮĲȐ ıİȚȡȐ Ș ĮȞĲȚȜĮȝȕĮȞȩȝİȞȘ İȣțȠȜȓĮ ȤȡȒıȘȢ Ș ĮȞĲȚȜĮȝȕĮȞȩȝİȞȘ ıȣȞİțĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮ țĮȚ Ș ĮȞĲȚȜĮȝȕĮȞȩȝİȞȘ ȤȡȘıȚȝȩĲȘĲĮ ȈĲȠȣȢĲȡİȚȢĮȣĲȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢȠĳİȓȜİĲĮȚĲȠȝİȖĮȜȪĲİȡȠʌȠıȠıĲȩįȚĮțȪȝĮȞıȘȢĲȘȢ ʌȡȩșİıȘȢ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ĲȘȢ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢ myPLE ȉȑȜȠȢ ȚįȚĮȓĲİȡȠ İȞșĮȡȡȣȞĲȚțȩ ıĲȠȚȤİȓȠ ĮʌȠĲİȜİȓ ȩĲȚ ȠȚ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȓ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȣȞ ȝİȖȐȜĮ İʌȓʌİįĮ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒmyPLEȘȠʌȠȓĮİțĳȡȐȗİĲĮȚȝİĲȘȞȣȥȘȜȒʌȡȩșİıȘȤȡȒıȘȢĲȘȢ ȁȑȟİȚȢ țȜİȚįȚȐ: ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ ȂȠȞĲȑȜȠ ǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢ

ȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢ Ǻǯ İʌȚʌȑįȠȣ İʌȚȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ȉǹȂ TAL, TRA, PLE, E-learning ʌȡȩșİıȘ ȤȡȒıȘȢMVC, myPLE.

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Abstract

The contemporary necessity for individualized learning and self-management of the learning process has led to the development of new learning systems such as Personal Learning Environment - PLE. Personal Learning Environments allow the students to have complete control over their learning process. A PLE is a combination of tools, people, communities, services, information sources and more generally a set of resources through which we try to direct and fulfill our learning goals.

The purpose of this thesis is firstly to design and implement a prototype of a Personal Learning Environment for teachers of primary and secondary education, attending the second level training seminar on the use of ICT in education. Secondly, this dissertation investigates determinants of usHU¶V DFFHSWDQFH RI WKH LPSOHPHQWHG 3/( In order to achieve this, a predictive model based on an extension of Technology Acceptance Model has been developed.

The survey results indicates that the most important determinants, in the interpretation of the intention to use, are the Perceived Ease of Use (PEoU), Perceived Connectedness (PC) and Perceived Usefulness (PU). These three factors account for the highest percentage of variance of intention to use the implemented application

myPLE. Finally a particularly encouraging sign is that users express high levels of

satisfaction regarding myPLE.

Keywords: Personal Learning Environments, Technology Acceptance Model, TAM,

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ȆİȡȚİȤȩȝİȞĮ

I ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 21 I.I ǾȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȂȐșȘıȘH-learning ) ... 21 I.II ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮȂȐșȘıȘȢ ... 22 I.III ȈțȠʌȩȢĲȘȢİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ... 23 I.IV ȂİșȠįȠȜȠȖȓĮȑȡİȣȞĮȢĲȘȢİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ... 24 I.V ǻȠȝȒĲȘȢİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ... 25 ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ©ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮȂȐșȘıȘȢª ... 28 1.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 28 1.2 ǾİȟȑȜȚȟȘĲȠȣe-learning ... 28 1.3 ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮȂȐșȘıȘȢ ... 29 1.4 ȈȣȞȚıĲȫıİȢʌȠȣıȣȞȘȖȠȡȠȪȞıĲȘȞİȝĳȐȞȚıȘĲȦȞPLE ... 33 1.4.1 ǹȞȐȖțȘȖȚĮİȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘȝȐșȘıȘ ... 34 1.4.2 ǹȣĲȩ-ȡȣșȝȚȗȩȝİȞȘȂȐșȘıȘ ... 34 1.4.3 ǻȚĮȕȓȠȣȝȐșȘıȘ ... 35 1.4.4 ǱĲȣʌȘȝȐșȘıȘ ... 36 1.4.5 Web 2.0 ... 37 1.4.6 ĭȠȡȘĲȑȢıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮȚĭȠȡȘĲȒȂȐșȘıȘ ... 38 1.4.7 ȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚțȑȢİȟİȜȓȟİȚȢıĲȚȢȉȆǼ ... 38 1.5 ȋĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐPLE ... 40 1.6 ĬİȦȡȓİȢȂȐșȘıȘȢıȤİĲȚțȑȢȝİĲĮPLE ... 42 1.6.1 ȀȠȚȞȦȞȚțȒțĮȚȠȝĮįȠıȣȞİȡȖĮĲȚțȒȝȐșȘıȘ ... 43 1.6.2 ǼʌȠȚțȠįȠȝȚıȝȩȢ(Constructivism) ... 43 1.6.3 ȀȠȞȞİțĲȚȕȚıȝȩȢ&RQQHFWLYLVP ... 44

1.6.4 Learning as a Network (LaaN) ... 45

1.7 ȆȦȢİʌȚĲȣȖȤȐȞİĲĮȚȘȝȐșȘıȘȝȑıȦĲȦȞPLEs; ... 49 1.8 ȈȪȖțȡȚıȘPLE ȝİ LMS ... 51 ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ©ȉȡȩʌȠȚȊȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢPLEª ... 54 2.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 54 2.2 ȊȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘ3/(ȝİİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒDesktop ... 54

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ 2.3 ȊȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘ3/(ȝİįȚĮįȚțĲȣĮțȒİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒWebTops ... 55 2.3.1 ǼĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢĮʌȠșȘțİȣĲȚțȠȪȞȑĳȠȣȢ ... 56 2.3.2 ZeroPC ... 56 2.3.3 Oneye ... 57 2.3.4 OwnCloud ... 58

2.3.5 ǼȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞİȢǹȡȤȚțȑȢǿıĲȠıİȜȓįİȢPersonalized Start Pages) ... 60

2.3.5.1 Netvibes ... 60 2.3.5.2 Protopage ... 60 2.3.5.3 Symbaloo ... 62 2.4 ȊȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘ3/(ȝİʌȜĮĲĳȩȡȝĮțȠȚȞȦȞȚțȒȢįȚțĲȪȦıȘȢSocial Networking CMS) 63 2.4.1 Elgg ... 63 2.4.2 BuddyPress ... 64 2.4.3 Mahara ... 66 2.5 ȂİĲĮĲȡȠʌȒLMS ıİPLE ... 67 ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ©ȂȠȞĲȑȜȠǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢª ... 68 3.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 68

3.2 ȀȪțȜȠȢǽȦȒȢǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞ- Technology Adoption Lifecycle (TAL). 68 3.3 ĬİȦȡȓĮ ǹȚĲȚȠȜȠȖȘȝȑȞȘȢ ǻȡȐıȘȢ - Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)... 69

3.4 ȂȠȞĲȑȜȠǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢ- Technology Acceptance Model ȉǹȂ .. 71

3.5 ǼʌİțĲȐıİȚȢĲȠȣȉǹȂ ... 73 3.6 ǺȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȚțȒİʌȚıțȩʌȘıȘĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢĲȠȣȉǹȂıĲȘȞǼȟǹʌȠıĲȐıİȦȢ ǼțʌĮȓįİȣıȘ ... 75 ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ©ǹȞȐʌĲȣȟȘǼĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢª ... 80 4.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 80 4.2 ȂȠȞĲȑȜȠțĮĲĮȡȡȐțĲȘ ... 80 4.3 ǹȞȐȜȣıȘǹʌĮȚĲȒıİȦȞ ... 81 4.4 ǹȞȐȜȣıȘȋȡȘıĲȫȞ ... 82 4.5 ȁİȚĲȠȣȡȖȚțȑȢĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢıȣıĲȒȝĮĲȠȢ ... 84 4.5.1 ȁİȚĲȠȣȡȖȓİȢIURQWHQG ... 84 4.5.2 ȁİȚĲȠȣȡȖȓİȢbackend įȚĮȤİȚȡȚıĲȒȢ ... 90

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4.5.3 ǹȞȐȜȣıȘĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢ± ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢ ... 91

4.6 ȈȪȖțȡȚıȘİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE ȝİȐȜȜĮıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮPLE. ... 91

4.7 ȈȤİįȓĮıȘ ... 93

4.8 ȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓİȢ ... 96

4.8.1 ȉȠ ʌȡȩĲȣʌȠ Model View Controller (MVC) ... 96

4.8.2 CodeIgniter ... 97 4.8.3 Twitter Bootstrap ... 98 ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ȊȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE ... 100 5.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 100 5.2 ǹȡȤȚĲİțĲȠȞȚțȒİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢ ... 100 5.3 ȆİȡȚȖȡĮĳȒĲȘȢǺȐıȘȢǻİįȠȝȑȞȦȞ ... 100 5.4 ǻȠȝȒțȫįȚțĮ ... 104 5.4.1 ǼȜİȖțĲȑȢControllers)... 104 5.4.1.1 ȀȜȐıȘP\ ... 104 5.4.1.2 ȀȜȐıȘadmin ... 105 5.4.1.3 ȀȜȐıȘFDOHQGDU ... 106 5.4.1.4 ȀȜȐıȘHPDLO ... 106 5.4.1.5 ȀȜȐıȘJURXSV ... 106 5.4.1.6 ȀȜȐıȘORJLQ ... 107 5.4.1.7 ȀȜȐıȘSP ... 107 5.4.1.8 ȀȜȐıȘsearch ... 107 5.4.1.9 ȀȜȐıȘWDJV ... 107 5.4.2 ȂȠȞĲȑȜĮModels) ... 108 5.4.3 ȆȡȠȕȠȜȑȢViews) ... 110 5.5 ȋĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐǼȟȣʌȘȡİĲȘĲȒ ... 112 ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ©ȆȡȠĲİȚȞȩȝİȞȠǼȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȩȂȠȞĲȑȜȠª ... 113 6.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 113 6.2 ǼȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȑȢȊʌȠșȑıİȚȢ ... 113

6.2.1 ǹȞĲȚȜĮȝȕĮȞȩȝİȞȘȋȡȘıȚȝȩĲȘĲĮ± Perceived Usefulness (PU) ... 113

6.2.2 ǹȞĲȚȜĮȝȕĮȞȩȝİȞȘǼȣțȠȜȓĮȋȡȒıȘȢ± Perceived Ease of Use (PEoU) . 114 6.2.3 ǹȞĲȚȜĮȝȕĮȞȩȝİȞȘıȣȞİțĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮ± Perceived Connectedness (PC) .... 114

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6.2.4 ǹȞĲȚȜĮȝȕĮȞȩȝİȞȘĭȠȡȘĲȩĲȘĲĮ± Perceived Mobility (PM) ... 115

6.2.5 ǹȞĲȚȜĮȝȕĮȞȩȝİȞȘǹȚıșȘĲȚțȒǻȚİʌĮĳȒȢȋȡȘıĲȒ- Perceived User Interface Aesthetics (PUIA). ... 116

6.2.6 ǹȣĲİʌȐȡțİȚĮȋȡȒıȘȢǻȚĮįȚțĲȣĮțȫȞǼĳĮȡȝȠȖȫȞ± Internet Self Efficacy (ISE) 117 6.3 ǹĲȠȝȚțȐȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐĲȠȣȤȡȒıĲȘ ... 119 6.3.1 ĭȪȜȠ ... 119 6.3.2 ǾȜȚțȓĮ ... 121 6.3.3 ǺĮșȝȓįĮǼțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȢțĮȚǼȚįȚțȩĲȘĲĮ ... 121 ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ©ȆĮȡȠȣıȓĮıȘİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢª ... 124 7.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 124 7.2 ȈȪȞįİıȘ- ǹʌȠıȪȞįİıȘȤȡȒıĲȘ ... 124 7.3 ǻȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮțĮȚǻȚĮȝȠȚȡĮıȝȩȢʌİȡȚİȤȠȝȑȞȠȣ ... 127 7.4 ǻȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȅȝȐįĮȢ ... 129 7.5 ǼțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȐȈİȞȐȡȚĮ ... 130 7.6 ǹʌȠșİĲȒȡȚȠǼȡȦĲȒıİȦȞ ... 131 7.7 ȂȘȞȪȝĮĲĮ± ǾȝİȡȠȜȩȖȚȠ ... 132 7.8 ǹȞĮȗȒĲȘıȘ ... 135 7.9 ȆȡȠȕȠȜȒȅȝȐįȦȞȋȡȘıĲȫȞ± ǼĲȚțİĲȫȞ ... 135 7.10 ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞǻȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢ ... 138 7.11 ǹȜȜȘȜȠȖȡĮĳȓĮ ... 140 7.12 ȆȡȠıĮȡȝȠıĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮįȚİʌĮĳȒȢȤȡȒıĲȘıİĳȠȡȘĲȑȢıȣıțİȣȑȢ ... 142 ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ©ǹȞȐȜȣıȘǻİįȠȝȑȞȦȞǲȡİȣȞĮȢª ... 146 8.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 146 8.2 ǻİȓȖȝĮ ... 146 8.3 ǼȡȦĲȘȝĮĲȠȜȩȖȚȠ ... 147 8.3.1 ǻȠȝȒǼȡȦĲȘȝĮĲȠȜȠȖȓȠȣ ... 147 8.3.2 ȆȚȜȠĲȚțȩǼȡȦĲȘȝĮĲȠȜȩȖȚȠ ... 148 8.4 ǻȘȝȠȖȡĮĳȚțȐıĲȠȚȤİȓĮ ... 148 8.5 ǹȞȐȜȣıȘ ȆĮȡĮȖȩȞĲȦȞ (Factor Analysis)... 150 8.6 ǹȞȐȜȣıȘǹȟȚȠʌȚıĲȓĮȢ ... 155 8.7 ǹȞȐȜȣıȘȈȣıȤȑĲȚıȘȢ ... 156

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ 8.8 ǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢ ... 158 8.9 ǹȞĮșİȫȡȘıȘȝȠȞĲȑȜȠȣ ... 162 8.10 ǾȜȚțȓĮ± ĭȪȜȠ± ǼȚįȚțȩĲȘĲĮ ... 164 8.11 ȈȣȝʌİȡȐıȝĮĲĮȈĲĮĲȚıĲȚțȫȞǹȞĮȜȪıİȦȞ ... 165 ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ©ȈȣȝʌİȡȐıȝĮĲĮª ... 167 9.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ... 167 9.2 ȈȪȞȠȥȘ ... 167 9.3 ȈȣȞİȚıĳȠȡȐİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ... 169 9.4 ȆİȡȚȠȡȚıȝȠȓĲȘȢʌĮȡȠȪıĮȢȑȡİȣȞĮȢ ... 173 9.5 ȂİȜȜȠȞĲȚțȑȢİʌİțĲȐıİȚȢ ... 173 ǺȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮ ... 176 ȆĮȡȐȡĲȘȝĮ ... 194

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ǼȣȡİĲȒȡȚȠǼȚțȩȞȦȞ

ǼȚțȩȞĮ 1 ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȩ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ. ... 33 ǼȚțȩȞĮ 2 ǼȡȖĮȜİȓĮ PLE ... 41 ǼȚțȩȞĮĬİȦȡȓĮLaaN ... 48 ǼȚțȩȞĮȂȠȞĲȑȜȠȂȐșȘıȘȢıİȑȞĮPLE ... 49 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾįȚİʌĮĳȒĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢPLEX ... 55 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾįȚİʌĮĳȒĲȠȣZeroPC ... 57 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾįȚİʌĮĳȒĲȠȣOneye ... 58 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾįȚİʌĮĳȒĲȠȣOwnCloud. ... 59 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾįȚİʌĮĳȒĲȠȣNetVibes ... 61 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾįȚİʌĮĳȒĲȠȣProtopage ... 61 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾįȚİʌĮĳȒĲȠȣSymbaloo ... 62 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾįȚİʌĮĳȒĲȠȣElgg ... 64 ǼȚțȩȞĮH įȚİʌĮĳȒĲȠȣBuddyPress. ... 65 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾįȚİʌĮĳȒĲȠȣMahara ... 66 ǼȚțȩȞĮǼȚıĮȖȦȖȚțȒȠșȩȞȘİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE. ... 124 ǼȚțȩȞĮȀİȞĲȡȚțȒȊʌȘȡİıȓĮȆȚıĲȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢĲȠȣȆȈǻ ... 125 ǼȚțȩȞĮǹȡȤȚțȒȠșȩȞȘİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE. ... 126 ǼȚțȩȞĮǹʌȠıȪȞįİıȘĮʌȩİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒ ... 126 ǼȚțȩȞĮȅșȩȞȘ©ȈİȜȚįȠįİȓțĲİȢª ... 127 ǼȚțȩȞĮĭȩȡȝĮțĮĲĮȤȫȡȘıȘȢ... 128 ǼȚțȩȞĮȅșȩȞȘǺȠȒșİȚĮȢ ... 128 ǼȚțȩȞĮ ȅșȩȞȘ©ȅȝȐįİȢĮĲȩȝȦȞª ... 129 ǼȚțȩȞĮǻȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȅȝȐįĮȢ ... 129 ǼȚțȩȞĮȅįȘȖȩȢıȣȝʌȜȒȡȦıȘȢİțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪıİȞĮȡȓȠȣ ... 130 ǼȚțȩȞĮȀĮĲĮȤȫȡȘıȘİȡȫĲȘıȘȢıĲȠĮʌȠșİĲȒȡȚȠșİȝȐĲȦȞ ... 131 ǼȚțȩȞĮǹʌȠșİĲȒȡȚȠǼȡȦĲȒıİȦȞ ... 132 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾȝİȡȠȜȩȖȚȠ ... 132 ǼȚțȩȞĮȂȘȞȚĮȓȠǾȝİȡȠȜȩȖȚȠ ... 133 ǼȚțȩȞĮȂȘȞȪȝĮĲĮ ... 133 ǼȚțȩȞĮǼȝĳȐȞȚıȘȝȘĮȞĮȖȞȦıȝȑȞȠȣȝȘȞȪȝĮĲȠȢ ... 134 ǼȚțȩȞĮȅșȩȞȘȈȣȗȒĲȘıȘȢ ... 134

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ ǼȚțȩȞĮǹȞĮȗȒĲȘıȘ ... 135 ǼȚțȩȞĮǼĲȚțȑĲİȢ ... 135 ǼȚțȩȞĮȀĮĲȘȖȠȡȓİȢȝĮșȘıȚĮțȠȪȣȜȚțȠȪ ... 136 ǼȚțȩȞĮȆȡȠȕȠȜȒȝĮșȘıȚĮțȠȪȣȜȚțȠȪ ... 136 ǼȚțȩȞĮȅȝȐįİȢȋȡȘıĲȫȞ ... 137 ǼȚțȩȞĮ ȆȡȠȕȠȜȒȅȝȐįȦȞ ... 137 ǼȚțȩȞĮȆȡȠȕȠȜȒȝĮșȘıȚĮțȠȪȣȜȚțȠȪ ... 137 ǼȚțȩȞĮǻȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘmyPLE ... 138 ǼȚțȩȞĮǻȚĮȤİȚȡȚıĲȚțȩʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞbackend) - ǻȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȅȝȐįȦȞ ... 139 ǼȚțȩȞĮǻȚĮȤİȚȡȚıĲȚțȩʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞbackend) - ǻȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘǼĲȚțİĲȫȞ ... 139 ǼȚțȩȞĮǾȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȩĲĮȤȣįȡȠȝİȓȠ ... 140 ǼȚțȩȞĮȀĮĲĮȤȦȡȘȝȑȞȠȚȜȠȖĮȡȚĮıȝȠȓĮȜȜȘȜȠȖȡĮĳȓĮȢ ... 140 ǼȚțȩȞĮȀĮĲĮȤȫȡȘıȘıĲȠȚȤİȓȦȞȜȠȖĮȡȚĮıȝȠȪȘȜĮȜȜȘȜȠȖȡĮĳȓĮȢ ... 141 ǼȚțȩȞĮȆȡȠȕȠȜȒȝȘȞȣȝȐĲȦȞȘȜĮȜȜȘȜȠȖȡĮĳȓĮȢ ... 141 ǼȚțȩȞĮȅșȩȞȘʌȡȠȕȠȜȒȢȝȘȞȪȝĮĲȠȢ ... 142 ǼȚțȩȞĮȆȡȠıĮȡȝȠȖȒįȚİʌĮĳȒȢıİțȚȞȘĲȒıȣıțİȣȒ ... 143

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ǼȣȡİĲȒȡȚȠȈȤȘȝȐĲȦȞ

ȈȤȒȝĮȈȣıĲĮĲȚțȐıĲȠȚȤİȓĮİȞȩȢPLE. ... 32 ȈȤȒȝĮǻȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȠȡȖĮȞȦıȚĮțȒȢȝȐșȘıȘȢ ... 47 ȈȤȒȝĮȀȪțȜȠȢǽȦȒȢǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞ ... 69 ȈȤȒȝĮǾĬİȦȡȓĮĲȘȢǹȚĲȚȠȜȠȖȘȝȑȞȘȢ ǻȡȐıȘȢ ... 70 ȈȤȒȝĮȂȠȞĲȑȜȠǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢ ... 72 ȈȤȒȝĮȉİȜȚțȒȑțįȠıȘĲȠȣȉǹȂ ... 73 ȈȤȒȝĮȅȚĲȡİȚȢțȣȡȚȩĲİȡİȢİʌİțĲȐıİȚȢĲȠȣȂȠȞĲȑȜȠȣǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢ ... 74 ȈȤȒȝĮȉȠȝȠȞĲȑȜȠțĮĲĮȡȡȐțĲȘ ... 81 ȈȤȒȝĮȁİȚĲȠȣȡȖȓİȢįȚĮȤİȚȡȚıĲȚțȠȪʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢ ... 90 ȈȤȒȝĮȈȤİįȚĮıȝȩȢmyPLE ... 94 ȈȤȒȝĮȆȡȩĲȣʌȠMVC ... 96 ȈȤȒȝĮǻȠȝȒĲȦȞĳĮțȑȜȦȞȝİĲȐĲȘȞİȖțĮĲȐıĲĮıȘĲȠȣ&RGH,JQLWHU ... 98 ȈȤȒȝĮǻȚȐȖȡĮȝȝĮȡȠȒȢįİįȠȝȑȞȦȞ ... 100 ȈȤȒȝĮǻȚȐȖȡĮȝȝĮȠȞĲȠĲȒĲȦȞ± ıȣıȤİĲȓıİȦȞİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE ... 103 ȈȤȒȝĮǼȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȩȂȠȞĲȑȜȠ ... 122 ȈȤȒȝĮīȡȐĳȘȝĮȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȫȞȡȚȗȫȞ ... 152 ȈȤȒȝĮǹȞĮșİȦȡȘȝȑȞȠİȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȩȝȠȞĲȑȜȠ ... 162

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ǼȣȡİĲȒȡȚȠȆȚȞȐțȦȞ

ȆȓȞĮțĮȢȈȪȖțȡȚıȘPLE ȝİ LMS ... 52 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǺȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȚțȒİʌȚıțȩʌȘıȘĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢĲȠȣȉǹȂıĲȘȞǼȟǹʌȠıĲȐıİȦȢ ǼțʌĮȓįİȣıȘ ... 79 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢȈȪȖțȡȚıȘİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE ȝİȐȜȜĮıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮPLE ... 92 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǼʌȚĲȡİʌĲȑȢİȞȑȡȖİȚİȢȝİșȩįȠȣcontent ... 105 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢȀȜȐıİȚȢțĮȚȝȑșȠįȠȚĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE. ... 109 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǵȥİȚȢĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE... 110 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢȋĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐǼȟȣʌȘȡİĲȘĲȒ ... 112 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǾȜȚțȓĮ ... 148 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢĭȪȜȠ ... 149 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǼȚįȚțȩĲȘĲĮ ... 149

ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ 11 KMO and Bartlett's Test ... 150

ȆȓȞĮțĮȢȆȓȞĮțĮȢȀȠȚȞȫȞȆĮȡĮȖȠȞĲȚțȫȞǻȚĮțȣȝȐȞıİȦȞ ... 151 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ3DWWHUQ0DWUL[ ... 153 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢȈȣıȤȑĲȚıȘȆĮȡĮȖȩȞĲȦȞ ... 153 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢ6WUXFWXUH0DWUL[ ... 154 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘǹȟȚȠʌȚıĲȓĮȢ... 155 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘȈȣıȤȑĲȚıȘȢ... 157 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢI - ǼȟĮȡĲȘȝȑȞȘȝİĲĮȕȜȘĲȒBI ... 158 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢII - ǼȟĮȡĲȘȝȑȞȘȝİĲĮȕȜȘĲȒBI ... 158 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢ- ǼȟĮȡĲȘȝȑȞȘȝİĲĮȕȜȘĲȒPU ... 159 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢI - ǼȟĮȡĲȘȝȑȞȘȝİĲĮȕȜȘĲȒPEoU ... 159 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢII - ǼȟĮȡĲȘȝȑȞȘȝİĲĮȕȜȘĲȒPEoU ... 159 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹʌȠĲİȜȑıȝĮĲĮǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢ ... 160 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆȠȜȜĮʌȜȒȢȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢ- ǼȟĮȡĲȘȝȑȞȘȝİĲĮȕȜȘĲȒǺǿ ... 161 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆȠȜȜĮʌȜȒȢȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢȉǹȂ ... 161 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǹȞȐȜȣıȘȆȠȜȜĮʌȜȒȢȆĮȜȚȞįȡȩȝȘıȘȢ- ǼȟĮȡĲȘȝȑȞȘȝİĲĮȕȜȘĲȒPEoU ... 161 ȆȓȞĮțĮȢǼȡȦĲȘȝĮĲȠȜȩȖȚȠ ... 195

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I

ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ

I.I

ǾȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȂȐșȘıȘH-learning )

ǲȞĮ ȕĮıȚțȩ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȩ ĲȘȢ İȟ¶ ĮʌȠıĲȐıİȦȢ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ĳȣıȚțȒ ĮʌȩıĲĮıȘ ʌȠȣ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ĮȞȐȝİıĮ ıĲȠȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠ țĮȚ ıĲȠȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȒ ǼȝĳĮȞȓȗİĲĮȚĮȡȤȚțȐȝİĲȘȞȝȠȡĳȒĲȦȞ©ıʌȠȣįȫȞįȚ¶ĮȜȜȘȜȠȖȡĮĳȓĮȢªțĮȚıȘȝİȚȫȞİȚ įȡĮȝĮĲȚțȒ İȟȑȜȚȟȘ ȝİ ĲȘȞ İȝĳȐȞȚıȘ ĲȦȞ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞ ĲȘȢ ʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȚțȒȢ țĮȚ ĲȦȞ İʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȚȫȞ ȈȒȝİȡĮ ȩĲĮȞ ĮȞĮĳİȡȩȝĮıĲİ ıĲȘȞ İȟ¶ ĮʌȠıĲȐıİȦȢ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘ İȞȞȠȠȪȝİțȣȡȓȦȢĲȘȞİțʌĮȓįİȣıȘʌȠȣȣȜȠʌȠȚİȓĲĮȚȝİĲȘȤȡȒıȘĲȦȞȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞĲȘȢ ȆȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȓĮȢ țĮȚ ĲȦȞ ǼʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȚȫȞ Ǿ İȟ-ĮʌȠıĲȐıİȦȢ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘ İȓȞĮȚ Ș İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘ Ș ȠʌȠȓĮ İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓ İțİȓȞİȢ ĲȚȢ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓİȢ ʌȠȣ ȠįȘȖȠȪȞ ĲȠȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠ ıĲȠ ȞĮ ȝĮșĮȓȞİȚ ȝȩȞȠȢ ĲȠȣ țĮȚ ȞĮ ȜİȚĲȠȣȡȖİȓ ĮȣĲȩȞȠȝĮ ʌȡȠȢ ȝȚĮ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘʌȠȡİȓĮĮȣĲȩ-ȝȐșȘıȘȢțĮȚȖȞȫıȘȢ ǾȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȝȐșȘıȘe-OHDUQLQJİȓȞĮȚȑȞĮȢİȣȡȪȢȩȡȠȢʌȠȣĮĳȠȡȐĲȘȞȤȡȒıȘĲȦȞ ıȪȖȤȡȠȞȦȞĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȚțȒȢțĮȚĲȦȞİʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȚȫȞıĲȘȞİțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȈĲȘ ȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮ ıȣȤȞȐ ıȣȞĮȞĲȫȞĲĮȚ ʌȠȜȜȠȓ ȩȡȠȚ ȦȢ ıȣȞȫȞȣȝȠȚ ȝİ ĮȣĲȩȞ ĲȘȢ ǾȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȢ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ ȅȡȚıȝȑȞȠȚ ȝȩȞȠ İȟ ĮȣĲȫȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȝȐșȘıȘ ıĲȘȡȚȗȩȝİȞȘ ıİ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıĲȒ FRPSXWHU-EDVHG LQVWUXFWLRQ ȥȘĳȚĮțȒ ȝȐșȘıȘ GLJLWDO HGXFDWLRQ ȝȐșȘıȘ ȝİ ȤȡȒıȘ ʌȠȜȣȝȑıȦȞ PXOWLPHGLD OHDUQLQJ įȚĮįȚțĲȣĮțȒ ȝȐșȘıȘ RQOLQH education/web-EDVHG HGXFDWLRQ ĳȠȡȘĲȒ ȝȐșȘıȘ P-OHDUQLQJ țĮ ȀȐșİ ȑȞĮȢ Įʌȩ ĮȣĲȠȪȢ ʌİȡȚȖȡȐĳİȚ ȝȓĮ ıȣȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞȘ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ Ș ȠʌȠȓĮ ȖİȞȚțİȪİĲĮȚ ȦȢ ǾȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȂȐșȘıȘ ȈȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȠȞ İʌȓıȘȝȠ ȠȡȚıȝȩ ĲȘȢ ǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȢ ǼʌȚĲȡȠʌȒȢ ȠȡȓȗİĲĮȚ ȦȢ Ș ȤȡȒıȘ ĲȦȞ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞ ʌȠȜȣȝȑıȦȞ țĮȚ ĲȠȣ įȚĮįȚțĲȪȠȣ ȖȚĮ ĲȘ ȕİȜĲȓȦıȘ ĲȘȢ ʌȠȚȩĲȘĲĮȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ȝİ įȚİȣțȩȜȣȞıȘ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȩıȕĮıȘȢ ıİ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪȢ ʌȩȡȠȣȢ țĮȚ ȣʌȘȡİıȓİȢ țĮșȫȢțĮȚĲȘȢİȟ¶ĮʌȠıĲȐıİȦȢİʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȓĮȢțĮȚıȣȞİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ&20 ȈȣȞȚıĲȐİʌȠȝȑȞȦȢȘȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȝȐșȘıȘ, ȑȞĮįȚĮĳȠȡȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠĲȡȩʌȠİțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȢ ȩʌȠȣ Ƞ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȩȢ țĮȚ ȠȚ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȚ įİȞ ȕȡȓıțȠȞĲĮȚ ıĲȠȞ ȓįȚȠ ȤȫȡȠ țĮȚ ĲȠ ȠʌȠȓȠ ʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚ ĲȘ ȤȡȒıȘ İȞȩȢ ȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȠȪ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıĲȒ Ȓ ȝȚĮȢ ȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢȝȑıȦĲȘȢȠʌȠȓĮȢȖȓȞİĲĮȚȘįȚȐșİıȘĲȠȣțĮĲȐȜȜȘȜȠȣİțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪȣȜȚțȠȪ

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ țĮȚ ĲȠȣ ĮʌĮȡĮȓĲȘĲȠȣ ȜȠȖȚıȝȚțȠȪ ʌȠȣ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖİȓĲĮȚ ıĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȣȢ ıĲȠȣȢ ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢĮʌİȣșȪȞİĲĮȚȝİĮʌȫĲİȡȠıțȠʌȩĲȘȝİĲȐįȠıȘĲȘȢȞȑĮȢȖȞȫıȘȢțĮȚĲȘȢȞȑĮȢ įİȟȚȩĲȘĲĮȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞĲĮȢĲȘȞĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮțĮȚĲȠįȚĮįȓțĲȣȠȈȒȝİȡĮȠȚİĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢ ĲȘȢ ȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĮȞĮʌĲȪııȠȞĲĮȚ țȣȡȓȦȢ ıİ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜĮ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȦȝȑȞȠȣȢ įȚțĲȣĮțȠȪȢȚıĲȠĲȩʌȠȣȢțĮȚĮĳȠȡȠȪȞıİȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȐȝĮșȒȝĮĲĮİȚțȠȞȚțȑȢĲȐȟİȚȢțĮȚ ıİ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ țĮȚ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȠȪ ȣȜȚțȠȪ ȝİ ʌȠȚȠ ĮȞĲȚʌȡȠıȦʌİȣĲȚțȑȢĮȣĲȑȢʌȠȣȠȞȠȝȐȗȠȞĲĮȚȈȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮǻȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢȂȐșȘıȘȢLMS - Learning Management Systems).

I.II ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮȂȐșȘıȘȢ

Ǿ įȚȐȤȣıȘ ĲȦȞ :HE ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞ țĮȚ ĲĮȣĲȩȤȡȠȞĮ ĲȦȞ ȞȑȦȞ įȣȞĮĲȠĲȒĲȦȞ İʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȓĮȢ țĮȚ ıȣȞİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȑȤȠȣȞ ĲĮ țȠȚȞȦȞȚțȐ ȝȑıĮ įȚțĲȪȦıȘȢ įȘȝȚȠȪȡȖȘıİȑȞĮȞȑȠ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠȖȚĮĲȘȞ ȝȐșȘıȘ ǾȞȑĮİʌȠȤȒȝȐșȘıȘȢĮʌĮȚĲİȓȞȑȠȣȢ ȡȩȜȠȣȢ țĮȚ įİȟȚȩĲȘĲİȢ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ İʌȓȖȞȦıȘ ĲȘȢ șȑıȘȢ ȦȢ İȞİȡȖȠȪ ȝȑȜȠȢ țȐșİ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȣ ıĲȘȞ ȞȑĮ ĲȐȟȘ ʌȡĮȖȝȐĲȦȞ /HRQH ǼȓȞĮȚ ȖİȖȠȞȩȢ ʌȦȢ ĲȠ ȐĲȠȝȠȕȡȓıțİĲĮȚıİȝȚĮįȚĮȡțȒįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȝȐșȘıȘȢțĮș¶ȩȜȘĲȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮĲȘȢȗȦȒȢ ĲȠȣ țĮȚ ĲȠ ȝİȖĮȜȪĲİȡȠ ȝȑȡȠȢ ĮȣĲȒȢ ĲȘȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚ ȤȫȡĮ İțĲȩȢ İʌȓıȘȝȦȞ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝȐĲȦȞ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȢ &URVV ȈȣȞİʌȫȢ ıȘȝĮȞĲȚțȒ įİȟȚȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȠȣ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȣ ıĲȘȞ ıȣȞİȤȒ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ĮʌȠįİȚțȞȪİĲĮȚ Ș ȚțĮȞȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȠȣȞĮȝĮșĮȓȞİȚʌȫȢȞĮȝĮșĮȓȞİȚǼʌȓıȘȢȝȑıĮĮʌȩĲȘȞįȚĮȕȓȠȣȝȐșȘıȘʌȡȠțȪʌĲİȚȘ İʌȚĲĮțĲȚțȒ ĮȞȐȖțȘ ĲȠȣ ĮĲȩȝȠȣ ȖȚĮ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘ ȝȐșȘıȘ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ĮȣĲȩ-įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘĲȘȢįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȢȝȐșȘıȘȢǾĮȞȐȖțȘ ĮȣĲȒȑȤİȚȠįȘȖȒıİȚ ıĲȘȞĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘ ȞȑȦȞ ıȣıĲȘȝȐĲȦȞ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ȩʌȦȢ İȓȞĮȚ ĲĮ ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ (Personal Learning Environment - 3/(ĲĮȠʌȠȓĮİʌȚĲȡȑʌȠȣȞıĲȠȞİțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȞĮ ȑȤİȚĲȠȞĮʌȩȜȣĲȠȑȜİȖȤȠıĲȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȝȐșȘıȘȢĲȠȣ Ȉİ ȖİȞȚțȑȢ ȖȡĮȝȝȑȢ ȝʌȠȡȠȪȝİ ȞĮ ʌİȡȚȖȡȐȥȠȣȝİ İȞĮ PLE ȦȢ ȑȞĮ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞ ȝȑıĮ ıĲȠ ȠʌȠȓȠ ȝĮșĮȓȞȠȣȝİ țĮȚ ĲȠ ȠʌȠȓȠ ıȣȞįȣȐȗİȚ ĲĮ İȡȖĮȜİȓĮ ĲȠȣȢ ĮȞșȡȫʌȠȣȢ ĲȚȢ țȠȚȞȩĲȘĲİȢ ĲȚȢ ȣʌȘȡİıȓİȢ ĲȚȢ ʌȘȖȑȢ ʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȓĮȢ țĮȚ ȖİȞȚțȩĲİȡĮ ĲȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ ĲȦȞ ʌȩȡȦȞȝȑıȦĲȦȞȠʌȠȓȦȞʌȡȠıʌĮșȠȪȝİȞĮțĮĲİȣșȪȞȠȣȝİțĮȚȞĮİțʌȜȘȡȫıȠȣȝİĲȘȞ ȝȐșȘıȘ ȝĮȢ ȉĮ PLE ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȓȗȠȞĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ ıȣȞİȤȩȝİȞȘ ʌȡȠıĮȡȝȠıĲȚțȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȠȣȢ ıĲȚȢ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȑȢ ĮȞȐȖțİȢ ĲȦȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȦȞ Utech țĮșȫȢ

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ʌĮȡȦȤȘȝȑȞȠ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȩ ȣȜȚțȩ ĮʌȠȡȡȓʌĲİĲĮȚ ȐȝİıĮ Įʌȩ ĲȠ ȤĮȡĲȠĳȣȜȐțȚȠ ĲȠȣ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢȝȐșȘıȘȢ. ȈĲȚȢʌİȡȚııȩĲİȡİȢʌİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢĲĮȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ ĮʌȠĲİȜȠȪȞ ȚțĮȞȐ țĮȚ ĮʌȠĲİȜİıȝĮĲȚțȐ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮ ʌĮȡȑȤȠȞĲĮȢİȣİȜȚȟȓĮțĮȚİȣțȠȜȓĮȤȡȒıȘȢ, İȞĮȞĲȚșȑıİȚȝİĲĮȈȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮǻȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢ ȂȐșȘıȘȢJohnson & Liber, 2008).

ȉĮ ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ PLE ĲȠʌȠșİĲȠȪȞ ĲȠȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠ ıĲȠ țȑȞĲȡȠ ĲȘȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ țĮȚ ĲȠȣ įȓȞİȚ ĮȣĲȠȞȠȝȓĮ țĮȚ ȑȜİȖȤȠ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȒ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ȉĮ ıȘȝĮȞĲȚțȩĲİȡĮ ȠĳȑȜȘ ĲȦȞ PLE ĮĳȠȡȠȪȞ ĲȘȞ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘ țĮȚ ȝĮșȘĲȠțİȞĲȡȚțȒʌȡȠıȑȖȖȚıȘıĲȘȞįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȝȐșȘıȘȢȈİȑȞĮPLE o İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȢ ȑȤİȚ ĲȠȞ ĮʌȩȜȣĲȠ ȑȜİȖȤȠ ĲȘȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣ Ǿ įȣȞĮĲȩĲȘĲĮ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȫȞ įȚțĲȪȦȞ ȖȞȫıȘȢ țĮȚ țȠȚȞȠĲȒĲȦȞ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ȝȑıĮ Įʌȩ ĲĮ PLE ĲĮ țĮșȚıĲȠȪȞ ȦȢ ȠȚțȠıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮʌĮȡĮȖȦȖȒȢțĮȚțĮĲĮȞȐȜȦıȘȢȞȑĮȢȖȞȫıȘȢ

I.III ȈțȠʌȩȢĲȘȢİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ

ȅ ıțȠʌȩȢ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ İȓȞĮȚ ıİ ʌȡȫĲȘ ĳȐıȘ Ƞ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȩȢ țĮȚ Ș ȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘİȞȩȢʌȡȦĲȩĲȣʌȠȣȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢȂȐșȘıȘȢİȚįȚțȐȖȚĮĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪȢ ʌȡȦĲȠȕȐșȝȚĮȢ țĮȚ įİȣĲİȡȠȕȐșȝȚĮȢ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȢ ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞĲȠǺǯİʌȓʌİįȠİʌȚȝȠȡĳȦĲȚțȩıİȝȚȞȐȡȚȠȖȚĮĲȘȞĮȟȚȠʌȠȓȘıȘĲȦȞȉȆǼ ıĲȠįȚįĮțĲȚțȩȑȡȖȠ ȆȡȠȢĮȣĲȒĲȘȞțĮĲİȪșȣȞıȘȘİȡȖĮıȓĮșĮĮȞĮʌĲȪȟİȚȑȞĮʌȜĮȓıȚȠ ȖȚĮ ĲȠ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȩ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ ȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȫȞ ʌİȡȚȕĮȜȜȩȞĲȦȞ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĮȞĲȜȫȞĲĮȢ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ ȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮ țĮȚ Įʌȩ ȣĳȚıĲȐȝİȞĮ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮ ĲĮ ȚįȚĮȚĲȑȡĮ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐ ĲȦȞ ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȫȞ ȆİȡȚȕĮȜȜȩȞĲȦȞ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ ıİ ıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ʌĮȚįĮȖȦȖȚțȒįȚȐıĲĮıȘ ȈİįİȪĲİȡȘĳȐıȘıĲȠʌȜĮȓıȚȠĲȘȢĮȟȚȠȜȩȖȘıȘȢ ĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢʌȠȣȣȜȠʌȠȚȒșȘțİȘ İȡȖĮıȓĮșĮʌȡȠıʌĮșȒıİȚȞĮĮȞȚȤȞİȪıİȚİțİȓȞȠȣȢĲȠȣȢʌȡȠȕȜİʌĲȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ ıȣȞȘȖȠȡȠȪȞ ıĲȘȞ ʌȡȩșİıȘ ȣȚȠșȑĲȘıȘȢ ĲȘȢ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢ Įʌȩ ĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪȢ īȚĮ ĲȠȞ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȚıȝȩ ĲȦȞ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ ʌĮȡĮȖȩȞĲȦȞ Ș İȡȖĮıȓĮ șĮ ĮȞĮʌĲȪȟİȚȑȞĮʌȡȠȕȜİʌĲȚțȩȝȠȞĲȑȜȠȕĮıȚıȝȑȞȠıİİʌȑțĲĮıȘĲȠȣȖȞȦıĲȠȪȂȠȞĲȑȜȠȣ ǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢĲȘȢȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢTechnology Acceptance Model).

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ Ǿ ȚįȑĮ ĲȠȣ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȠȪ țĮȚ ȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ ĲȘȢ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢ myPLE İȞȩȢ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ʌȡȩİțȣȥİ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ ĮȞȐȖțȘ ĲȦȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȫȞ ʌȡȦĲȠȕȐșȝȚĮȢ țĮȚ įİȣĲİȡȠȕȐșȝȚĮȢ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȢ ȞĮ ȠȡȖĮȞȫıȠȣȞ ȞĮ ıȣȜȜȑȟȠȣȞ ȞĮ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȒıȠȣȞ țĮȚ ȞĮ įȚĮȝȠȚȡĮıĲȠȪȞ ĲȠ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȩ ĲȠȣȢ ȣȜȚțȩ ĮȜȜȐ țĮȚ ȞĮ ĮȜȜȘȜİʌȚįȡȐıȠȣȞ ȝİĲĮȟȪ ĲȠȣȢ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȫȞĲĮȢ ȝȚțȡȑȢ țȠȚȞȩĲȘĲİȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ıĲĮ ʌȜĮȓıȚĮ ĲȠȣ Ǻǯ İʌȚʌȑįȠȣ İʌȚȝȩȡĳȦıȘȢ ĲȠȣȢ Ǿ Ǻǯ İʌȚʌȑįȠȣ İʌȚȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ĲȦȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȫȞıȤİĲȓȗİĲĮȚȝİĲȘȞĮȟȚȠʌȠȓȘıȘĲȦȞȉȆǼıĲȠįȚįĮțĲȚțȩĲȠȣȢȑȡȖȠțĮȚ ĮĳȠȡȐıĲȘįȚĮȗȫıȘȢʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȪșȘıȘȦȡȫȞ ıİȝȚȞĮȡȚĮțȠȪĲȪʌȠȣȝĮșȘȝȐĲȦȞțĮȚ ıĲȘĲİȜȚțȒĮȟȚȠȜȩȖȘıȘȘȠʌȠȓĮȠįȘȖİȓıĲȘȞʌȚıĲȠʌȠȓȘıȘȖȞȫıİȦȞ ǹȞ țĮȚ ĲĮ ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ ĮʌȠĲİȜȠȪȞ ȑȞĮ ȞİȠıȪıĲĮĲȠ ʌİįȓȠ İȡİȣȞȫȞ ȝİ ʌȠȜȣįȚȐıĲĮĲİȢ ʌȡȠıİȖȖȓıİȚȢ țĮȚ ĮʌȩȥİȚȢ Ș ʌĮȡȠȪıĮ İȡȖĮıȓĮ șĮ İʌȚȤİȚȡȒıİȚ ȞĮ ĮʌȠįȫıİȚ ȝȚĮ ĮțȩȝȘ įȚȐıĲĮıȘ ıĲȘȞ ʌȡȠıʌȐșİȚĮ ȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ İȞȩȢ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢȝȐșȘıȘȢțĮșȫȢțĮȚȞĮʌȡȠĲİȓȞİȚȑȞĮİȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȩȝȠȞĲȑȜȠ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ įȚİȡİȪȞȘıȘ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ ĲȘȢ Įʌȩ ĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪȢ ʌȡȦĲȠȕȐșȝȚĮȢ țĮȚ įİȣĲİȡȠȕȐșȝȚĮȢ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȢ ȀȪȡȚȠȢ ıĲȩȤȠȢ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȞĮ ĮʌȠĲİȜȑıİȚ ȑȞĮ İĳĮȜĲȒȡȚȠ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮ İȞȩȢ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȠȣ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲȠȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ, ȖȚĮ ĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪȢ ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ ıȣȝȝİĲȑȤȠȣȞ ıĲȠ Ǻǯ İʌȓʌİįȠ İʌȚȝȩȡĳȦıȘȢ

I.IV ȂİșȠįȠȜȠȖȓĮȑȡİȣȞĮȢĲȘȢİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ

ǹȡȤȚțȐ țĮȚ ȝİĲȐ Įʌȩ İțĲİȞȒ ȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȚțȒ İȡİȣȞȐ șĮ ĮȞĮʌĲȣȤĲİȓ ĲȠ ʌĮȚįĮȖȦȖȚțȩ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠ ĲȦȞ ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȫȞ ȆİȡȚȕĮȜȜȩȞĲȦȞ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ țĮȚ șĮ İʌȚıȘȝĮȞșȠȪȞ ĲĮ ȚįȚĮȚĲȑȡĮȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐĲȠȣȢǾʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦȑȡİȣȞĮșĮĮʌȠĲİȜȑıİȚĲȘȞȣʌȠįȠȝȒȖȚĮ ĲȠȞʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȚıȝȩĲȦȞ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȦȞțĮȚĲȠȞıȤİįȚĮıȝȩĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢȈĲȘȞıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ șĮʌȡĮȖȝĮĲȠʌȠȚȘșİȓȘȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢȕȐıİȚĲȠȣʌȡȩĲȣʌȠȣ09&Model View Controller țĮȚ șĮ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚĮıĲȠȪȞ įȚĮĳȠȡİĲȚțȐ ıİȞȐȡȚĮ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ǹțȠȜȠȪșȦȢ țĮȚȝİĲȐĮʌȩȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȚțȒȑȡİȣȞĮșĮĮȞȚȤȞİȣĲİȓȘİȖțȣȡȩĲȘĲĮĲȠȣȝȠȞĲȑȜȠȣTAM ıİ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ țĮșȫȢ İʌȓıȘȢ șĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȚıĲȠȪȞ ȠȚ ʌȡȠȕȜİʌĲȚțȠȓ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ șĮ ĮȞĮʌĲȣȤșȠȪȞ ıĲȠ İȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȩ ȝȠȞĲȑȜȠ ʌȡȩȕȜİȥȘȢ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȩșİıȘȢȤȡȒıȘȢĲȘȢʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢȅıȤȘȝĮĲȚıȝȩȢĲȘȢțȜȓȝĮțĮȢȝȑĲȡȘıȘȢ ĲȦȞ ʌȡȠȕȜİʌĲȚțȫȞ ʌĮȡĮȖȩȞĲȦȞ șĮ ȖȓȞİȚ ȕȐıİȚ ĲȘȢ ıȤİĲȚțȒȢ ȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮȢ īȚĮ ĲȠȞ ıțȠʌȩĮȣĲȩȘİȡȖĮıȓĮșĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİȚĲȘȞȝȑșȠįȠĲȘȢʌȠıȠĲȚțȒȢȑȡİȣȞĮȢȝİĲȘȞ

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ȤȡȒıȘ İȡȦĲȘȝĮĲȠȜȠȖȓȠȣ Ǿ ıĲĮĲȚıĲȚțȒ ĮȞȐȜȣıȘ șĮ ȖȓȞİȚ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ȤȡȒıȘ ĲȠȣ ıĲĮĲȚıĲȚțȠȪ ȆĮțȑĲȠ ȖȚĮ ĲȚȢ ȀȠȚȞȦȞȚțȑȢ ǼʌȚıĲȒȝİȢ ȖȞȦıĲȩ ȦȢ 6366 6WDWLVWLFDO Package for Social Sciences)

ȆĮȡĮțȐĲȦĮȞĮȜȪİĲĮȚȘȝİșȠįȠȜȠȖȓĮȑȡİȣȞĮȢĲȘȢİȡȖĮıȓĮȢȩʌȦȢĮȣĲȒĮȞĮʌĲȪııİĲĮȚ ıİțȐșİțİĳȐȜĮȚȠ

I.V

ǻȠȝȒĲȘȢİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ

ȈĲȠ ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ĮȞĮȜȪȠȞĲĮȚ ĲĮ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ± Personal Learning Environments (PLEțĮȚ ĮȞȚȤȞİȪȠȞĲĮȚ ĲĮ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐ ĲȠȣȢ ǼʌȓıȘȢ țĮĲĮȖȡȐĳȠȞĲĮȚ ȠȚ ĮȚĲȓİȢ İȝĳȐȞȚıȘȢ ĲȠȣȢ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ȠȚ șİȦȡȓİȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ʌȠȣ ĲĮ ʌȜĮȚıȚȫȞȠȣȞ ȈĲȠȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ țĮĲĮȖȡȐĳȠȞĲĮȚ ȣĳȚıĲȐȝİȞİȢĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚțȑȢʌȡȠıİȖȖȓıİȚȢȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ İȞȩȢʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢȝȐșȘıȘȢ ȈĲȠȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİĲĮȚĲȠȂȠȞĲȑȜȠǹʌȠįȠȤȒȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞTAMĲȠȠʌȠȓȠ ȣȚȠșȑĲİȚȘİȡȖĮıȓĮȖȚĮĲȘȞįȚİȡİȪȞȘıȘĲȦȞʌȡȠȕȜİʌĲȚțȫȞʌĮȡĮȖȩȞĲȦȞĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢĮʌȩ ĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪȢ ĲȘȢ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢ myPLE, ʌȠȣ ȣȜȠʌȠȚȘșȘțİ ıĲȠ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȡȠȪıĮȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ. ǼʌȓıȘȢ ȣʌȠȖȡĮȝȝȓȗİĲĮȚ Ș İȖțȣȡȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȠȣ ȉǹȂ țĮȚ ĮȞȚȤȞİȪȠȞĲĮȚ ʌȡȠȕȜİʌĲȚțȠȓ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢ ĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢ ȝȑıĮ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ İțĲİĲĮȝȑȞȘ İʌȚıțȩʌȘıȘ ĲȘȢ ȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮȢ ıȤİĲȚțȐ ȝİ ĲȘȞ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒ ĲȠȣ ȉǹȂ ıİ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢȝȐșȘıȘȢțĮȚʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȐʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮȝȐșȘıȘȢ ȈĲȠ ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ʌȡĮȖȝĮĲȠʌȠȚİȓĲĮȚ Ș ĮȞȐȜȣıȘ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȦȞ țĮȚ Ƞ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȩȢ ĲȘȢ ĮȡȤȚĲİțĲȠȞȚțȒȢĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢǼʌȓıȘȢʌȡĮȖȝĮĲȠʌȠȚİȓĲĮȚıȪȖțȡȚıȘĲȦȞȜİȚĲȠȣȡȖȚȫȞ ĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE ȝİĮȞĲȓıĲȠȚȤİȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢ ȈĲȠȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİĲĮȚȘȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE ıȪȝĳȦȞĮȝİĲȠ ʌȡȩĲȣʌȠMVC.

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ ȈĲȠȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİĲĮȚĲȠİȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȩȝȠȞĲȑȜȠʌȡȩȕȜİȥȘȢĲȘȢĮʌȠįȠȤȒȢĲȘȢ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢ myPLE țĮȚ įȚĮĲȣʌȫȞȠȞĲĮȚ ĲĮ İȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȐ İȡȦĲȒȝĮĲĮ ĲȘȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ Ǿ İȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȒ ĮȣĲȒ ʌȡȠıȑȖȖȚıȘ ʌȡĮȖȝĮĲȠʌȠȚİȓĲĮȚ ȝȑıȦ İʌȑțĲĮıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ȂȠȞĲȑȜȠȣ ǹʌȠįȠȤȒȢȉİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞTAM). ȈĲȠ ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİĲĮȚ Ș İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒ myPLE țĮȚ ȠȚ ȜİȚĲȠȣȡȖȓİȢ ĲȘȢ țĮșȫȢ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞĲĮȚįȚȐĳȠȡĮıİȞȐȡȚĮȤȡȒıȘȢ ȈĲȠ ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ įȚĮĲȣʌȫȞİĲĮȚ Ș ȝİșȠįȠȜȠȖȓĮ ȑȡİȣȞĮȢ țĮȚ ıĲȠȚȤİȚȠșİĲİȓĲĮȚ ĲȠ İȡȦĲȘȝĮĲȠȜȩȖȚȠĲȘȢȑȡİȣȞĮȢȂİĲȐĮʌȩĮȞȐȜȣıȘĲȦȞįİįȠȝȑȞȦȞʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞĲĮȚĲĮ ĮʌȠĲİȜȑıȝĮĲĮ ĲȘȢ ȑȡİȣȞĮȢ țĮȚ İȟİĲȐȗİĲĮȚ țĮĲȐ ʌȩıȠ İʌȚȕİȕĮȚȫȞȠȞĲĮȚ ȠȚ ĮȡȤȚțȑȢ İȡİȣȞȘĲȚțȑȢ ȣʌȠșȑıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ȆĮȡȐȜȜȘȜĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓȗȠȞĲĮȚ İțİȓȞȠȚ ȠȚ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞĲİȢʌȠȣİʌȘȡİȐȗȠȣȞĲȘȞʌȡȩșİıȘȤȡȒıȘȢĲȘȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȒȢmyPLE. ȉȑȜȠȢıĲȠȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞĲĮȚĮȞĮȜȣĲȚțȐĲĮİȣȡȒȝĮĲĮĲȘȢİȡȖĮıȓĮȢțĮșȫȢ țĮȚ Ș İȡȝȘȞİȓĮ ĲȠȣȢ ǼʌȓıȘȢ İȟİĲȐȗİĲĮȚ Ș ıȣȞİȚıĳȠȡȐ ĲȘȢ İȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ıĲȘȞ İʌȚıĲȘȝȠȞȚțȒțȠȚȞȩĲȘĲĮțĮȚĮȞĮȜȪȠȞĲĮȚʌȚșĮȞȑȢȝİȜȜȠȞĲȚțȑȢİʌİțĲȐıİȚȢĲȘȢ

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ȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠ 1

1.1 ǼȚıĮȖȦȖȒ

ȈĲȠ țİĳȐȜĮȚȠ ĮȣĲȩ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ İȚıĮȖȦȖȒ ıĲĮ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ± Personal Learning Environments (PLE) țĮȚ ʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞĲĮȚ įȚȐĳȠȡȠȚ ȠȡȚıȝȠȓ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮțĮșȫȢțĮȚĲĮȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐĲȠȣȢȈĲȘȞıȣȞȑȤİȚĮĮȞĮĳȑȡȠȞĲĮȚȠȚ ȜȩȖȠȚ ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓȠȚ ıȣȞĲȑȜİıĮȞ ıĲȘȞ İȝĳȐȞȚıȘ ĲȠȣȢ țĮȚ ȠȚ șİȦȡȓİȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ʌȠȣ ĲĮ ʌȜĮȚıȚȫȞȠȣȞ ȉȑȜȠȢ ĮȞĮʌĲȪııİĲĮȚ ĲȠ ȝȠȞĲȑȜȠ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ İȞȩȢ PLE țĮȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮĲȠʌȠȚİȓĲĮȚıȪȖțȡȚıȘȝİĲĮıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮįȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢȝȐșȘıȘȢLMS).

1.2 ǾİȟȑȜȚȟȘĲȠȣe-learning

ȀĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ ĲİȜİȣĲĮȓĮ įİțĮİĲȓĮ Ș İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ȕȠȒșİȚĮ ĲȘȢ ȥȘĳȚĮțȒȢ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢȑȤİȚįȚİȣȡȣȞșİȓʌȑȡĮĮʌȩĲĮıĲİȞȐȩȡȚĮĲȘȢ ĮȓșȠȣıĮȢįȚįĮıțĮȜȓĮȢȉĮ įȚĮįȚțĲȣĮțȐ İȡȖĮȜİȓĮ ȑȤȠȣȞ ĮȞĲȚțĮĲĮıĲȒıİȚ ıİ ʌȠȜȜȑȢ ʌİȡȚʌĲȫıİȚȢ ĲȚȢ İʌȚıțȑȥİȚȢ ıĲȚȢȕȚȕȜȚȠșȒțİȢțĮȚĲȘȞĮȞĮȗȒĲȘıȘ ʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȚȫȞıİİȖțȣțȜȠʌĮȓįİȚİȢǾİʌȓįȡĮıȘ ȩȝȦȢĲȘȢĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢıĲȘȞİțʌĮȓįİȣıȘįİȞıĲĮȝĮĲȐıĲȘȞįȚȐįȠıȘĲȘȢʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȓĮȢ ĮȜȜȐȑȤİȚİʌİțĲĮșİȓıİȠȝȐįİȢıȣȗȘĲȒıİȦȞıĲȘȞİʌȓȜȣıȘʌȡȠȕȜȘȝȐĲȦȞıİİʌĮĳȑȢ ȝİĲĮȟȪ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪ țĮȚ ȝĮșȘĲȒ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ıİ ʌȜȒȡȘ ĮȞĲȚțĮĲȐıĲĮıȘ ĲȠȣ ıȣȝȕĮĲȚțȠȪ ȝĮșȒȝĮĲȠȢ ıİ ȝȐșȘȝĮ İȟ ĮʌȠıĲȐıİȦȢ ȝȑıȦ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıĲȒ ǹȣĲȒ Ș ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚțȒ İȟȑȜȚȟȘ ȑȤİȚ ȠįȘȖȒıİȚ ıĲȘ įȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȓĮ ȝȚĮȢ ȞȑĮȢ ȑȞȞȠȚĮȢ ĮȣĲȒȢ ĲȘȢ ȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ H-OHDUQLQJ ʌȠȣ ĮȞĮĳȑȡİĲĮȚ ıĲȘȞ ȤȡȒıȘ ĲȦȞ ȞȑȦȞ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞ ʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȓĮȢ țĮȚ İʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȓĮȢ ȉȆǼ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ıĲȒȡȚȟȘ ĲȘȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȒȢįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȢ ȅȚ ĲĮȤȪĲĮĲİȢ İȟİȜȓȟİȚȢ ĲȘȢ ȥȘĳȚĮțȒȢ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢ țĮȚ ȠȚ ȠȜȠȑȞĮ ȝİȖĮȜȪĲİȡİȢ ĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢ ĲȘȢ țȠȚȞȦȞȓĮȢ țĮȚ ĲȦȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȦȞ ĲȠʌȠșİĲȠȪȞ ĲȘȞ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘ ȝʌȡȠıĲȐıİȑȞĮțȠȝȕȚțȩıȘȝİȓȠȩʌȠȣȘȤȡȒıȘĲȦȞȞȑȦȞĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞıİıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩ ȝİ ĲȚȢ țȜĮııȚțȑȢ șİȦȡȓİȢ țĮȚ ȝİșȩįȠȣȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ İʌȚȕȐȜȜİĲĮȚ Ǿ ıȪȖȤȡȠȞȘ ʌĮȚįĮȖȦȖȚțȒ ȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮ țĮĲĮțȜȪȗİĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ȑȞȞȠȚİȢ ȩʌȦȢ İȓȞĮȚ Ș İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘ

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ țĮȚ ĮȣĲȠțĮĲİȣșȣȞȩȝİȞȘ ȝȐșȘıȘ Ș ıȣȞİȡȖĮĲȚțȒ ȝȐșȘıȘ Ș ȐĲȣʌȘ țĮȚ Ș įȚĮ ȕȓȠȣ ȝȐșȘıȘ ǲȞȞȠȚİȢ ȠȚ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ıİ ȝİȖȐȜȠ ȕĮșȝȩ ȑȤȠȣȞ İȟİȜȚȤșİȓ țĮȚ İįȡĮȚȦșİȓ ıĲȘȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȒ țȠȚȞȩĲȘĲĮ İȟĮȚĲȓĮȢ ĲȦȞ įȣȞĮĲȠĲȒĲȦȞ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠıĳȑȡȠȣȞ ĲĮ ȞȑĮ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚțȐȝȑıĮțĮȚțȣȡȓȦȢĲȠįȚĮįȓțĲȣȠțĮȚĲĮ ȝȑıĮ țȠȚȞȦȞȚțȒȢįȚțĲȪȦıȘȢ Ǿ įȚȐȤȣıȘ ĲȦȞ :HE ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞ țĮȚ ĲĮȣĲȩȤȡȠȞĮ ĲȦȞ ȞȑȦȞ įȣȞĮĲȠĲȒĲȦȞ İʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȓĮȢ țĮȚ ıȣȞİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȑȤȠȣȞ ĲĮ țȠȚȞȦȞȚțȐ ȝȑıĮ įȚțĲȪȦıȘȢ įȘȝȚȠȪȡȖȘıİȑȞĮȞȑȠʌȜĮȓıȚȠȖȚĮĲȘȞȝȐșȘıȘțĮȚȚįȚĮȓĲİȡĮȖȚĮĲȘȞȐĲȣʌȘțĮȚȖȚĮĲȘ įȚĮȕȓȠȣȝȐșȘıȘǾȞȑĮİʌȠȤȒȝȐșȘıȘȢĮʌĮȚĲİȓȞȑȠȣȢȡȩȜȠȣȢțĮȚįİȟȚȩĲȘĲİȢțĮșȫȢ țĮȚ İʌȓȖȞȦıȘ ĲȘȢ șȑıȘȢ ȦȢ İȞİȡȖȠȪ ȝȑȜȠȢ țȐșİ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȣ ıĲȘȞ ȞȑĮ ĲȐȟȘ ʌȡĮȖȝȐĲȦȞ /HRQH ǼȓȞĮȚ ȖİȖȠȞȩȢ ʌȦȢ ĲȠ ȐĲȠȝȠ ȕȡȓıțİĲĮȚ ıİ ȝȚĮ įȚĮȡțȒ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ țĮș¶ ȩȜȘ ĲȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ ĲȘȢ ȗȦȒȢ ĲȠȣ țĮȚ ĲȠ ȝİȖĮȜȪĲİȡȠ ȝȑȡȠȢ ĮȣĲȒȢ ĲȘȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚ ȤȫȡĮ İțĲȩȢ İʌȓıȘȝȦȞ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝȐĲȦȞ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘȢ (Cross, 2011). ȈȣȞİʌȫȢ ıȘȝĮȞĲȚțȒ įİȟȚȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȠȣ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȣ ıĲȘȞ ıȣȞİȤȒ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ĮʌȠįİȚțȞȪİĲĮȚ Ș ȚțĮȞȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȠȣ ȞĮ ȝĮșĮȓȞİȚ ʌȫȢ ȞĮ ȝĮșĮȓȞİȚ ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ, ȝȑıĮ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ įȚĮ ȕȓȠȣ ȝȐșȘıȘ, ʌȡȠțȪʌĲİȚ Ș İʌȚĲĮțĲȚțȒ ĮȞȐȖțȘ ĲȠȣ ĮĲȩȝȠȣ ȖȚĮ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘ ȝȐșȘıȘ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ĮȣĲȩ-įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘ ĲȘȢ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢǾĮȞȐȖțȘ ĮȣĲȒȑȤİȚȠįȘȖȒıİȚ ıĲȘȞĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘȞȑȦȞıȣıĲȘȝȐĲȦȞȝȐșȘıȘȢ ȩʌȦȢİȓȞĮȚĲĮʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȐʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮȝȐșȘıȘȢPersonal Learning Environment - PLE) ĲĮ ȠʌȠȓĮ İʌȚĲȡȑʌȠȣȞ ıĲȠȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ ĲȠȞ ĮʌȩȜȣĲȠ ȑȜİȖȤȠ ıĲȘȞ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢĲȠȣ

1.3 ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ

Ǿ ȖİȞȚțȩĲİȡȘ ıĲȡȠĳȒ ĲȘȢ ʌĮȚįĮȖȦȖȚțȒȢ șİȫȡȘıȘȢ ʌȡȠȢ ĲȘȞ įȚĮ ȕȓȠȣ țĮȚ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘ ȝȐșȘıȘ įİȞ șĮ ȝʌȠȡȠȪıİ ʌĮȡȐ ȞĮ İʌȘȡİȐıİȚ ĲȘȞ ʌȡȠȠʌĲȚțȒ ĲȘȢ ȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ Ǿ ȚįȑĮ ʌȓıȦ Įʌȩ ĲĮ ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ (PLE ĮȞĲȚțĮĲȠʌĲȡȓȗİȚ ĲȘȞ ĲȐıȘ ĲȦȞ ʌĮȚįĮȖȦȖȚțȫȞ șİȦȡȚȫȞ ʌȡȠȢ ȑȞĮ ĮȣĲȩ-ȠȡȖĮȞȦĲȚțȩȝĮșȘıȚĮțȩ ȝȠȞĲȑȜȠ ĲȠȠʌȠȓȠĲȠʌȠșİĲİȓĲȠȞİțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠ ıĲȠțȑȞĲȡȠ ĲȘȢȝȐșȘıȘȢțĮȚĲȠȣįȓȞİȚĮȣĲȠȞȠȝȓĮțĮȚȑȜİȖȤȠțĮĲȐĲȘȞȝĮșȘıȚĮțȒįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ ȉĮ ȆȡȠıȦʌȚțȐ ȆİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲĮ ȂȐșȘıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ ıȤİĲȚțȐ ʌȡȩıĳĮĲȘ ȑȞȞȠȚĮ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ įİȞ ȑȤİȚ ĮțȩȝȘ įȠșİȓ țȠȚȞȐ ĮʌȠįİțĲȩȢ ȠȡȚıȝȩȢ Įʌȩ ĲȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ ĲȘȢ İʌȚıĲȘȝȠȞȚțȒȢțȠȚȞȩĲȘĲĮȢȈİȖİȞȚțȑȢȖȡĮȝȝȑȢȝʌȠȡȠȪȝİȞĮʌİȡȚȖȡȐȥȠȣȝİȑȞĮ PLE ȦȢȑȞĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞȝȑıĮıĲȠȠʌȠȓȠȝĮșĮȓȞȠȣȝİțĮȚĲȠȠʌȠȓȠıȣȞįȣȐȗİȚĲĮİȡȖĮȜİȓĮ ĲȠȣȢĮȞșȡȫʌȠȣȢĲȚȢțȠȚȞȩĲȘĲİȢĲȚȢȣʌȘȡİıȓİȢĲȚȢʌȘȖȑȢʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȓĮȢțĮȚȖİȞȚțȩĲİȡĮ ĲȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ ĲȦȞ ʌȩȡȦȞ ȝȑıȦ ĲȦȞ ȠʌȠȓȦȞ ʌȡȠıʌĮșȠȪȝİ ȞĮ țĮĲİȣșȪȞȠȣȝİ țĮȚ ȞĮ İțʌȜȘȡȫıȠȣȝİ ĲȘȞ ȝȐșȘıȘ ȝĮȢ EDUCAUSE, 2009). ȅ Van Harmelen Ƞ ȠʌȠȓȠȢİȚıȒȖĮȖİʌȡȫĲȠȢĲȠȞȩȡȠPLE ĲȠĲĮʌİȡȚȑȖȡĮȥİȦȢıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮĲĮȠʌȠȓĮ ȕȠȘșȠȪȞ ĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȣȢ ȞĮ ʌȐȡȠȣȞ ĲȠȞ ȑȜİȖȤȠ țĮȚ ȞĮ įȚĮȤİȚȡȚıĲȠȪȞ ȠȚ ȓįȚȠȚ ĲȘȞ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ĲȘȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣȢ ǹȣĲȩ ʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚ ĲȘȞ ʌĮȡȠȤȒ ıĲȒȡȚȟȘȢ ıĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȣȢ, ȑĲıȚ ȫıĲİ Į ȞĮ ȠȡȓıȠȣȞ ĲȠȣȢ įȚțȠȪȢ ĲȠȣȢ ıĲȩȤȠȣȢ ȕ ȞĮ įȚĮȤİȚȡȚıĲȠȪȞ İȟȓıȠȣ ĲȠ ʌİȡȚİȤȩȝİȞȠ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣȢ țĮȚ Ȗ ȞĮ İʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȠȪȞ ȝİ ȐȜȜĮ ȐĲȠȝĮ ȫıĲİ ȞĮ ʌİĲȪȤȠȣȞ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȠȪȢ ıĲȩȤȠȣȢ Ǿ ȕĮıȚțȒ ȑȞıĲĮıȘʌȠȜȜȫȞİȡİȣȞȘĲȫȞıĲȠȞțĮĲȐHarmelen ȠȡȚıȝȩİȓȞĮȚȩĲȚĲĮPLE ĮʌȠĲİȜȠȪȞ ȝȚĮ ȞȑĮ ʌĮȚįĮȖȦȖȚțȒ șİȦȡȓĮ țĮȚ ʌȡȠıȑȖȖȚıȘ țĮȚ ȩȤȚ ıȣȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞĮ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚțȐ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮȋĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȒİȓȞĮȚȘĲȠʌȠșȑĲȘıȘĲȦȞWilson et.alȠȚȠʌȠȓȠȚșİȦȡȠȪȞ ȩĲȚĲĮPLE įİȞİȓȞĮȚĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȜȠȖȚıȝȚțȠȪȆȡȩțİȚĲĮȚȖȚĮȑȞĮʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞȩʌȠȣȠȚ ȐȞșȡȦʌȠȚĮȜȜȘȜİʌȚįȡȠȪȞȝİİȣȑȜȚțĲȠĲȡȩʌȠȝİĲĮİȡȖĮȜİȓĮĲȚȢțȠȚȞȩĲȘĲİȢțĮȚĲȠȣȢ ʌȩȡȠȣȢ ĲȠȣ Wilson et.al ȈĲȘȞ ȓįȚĮ țĮĲİȪșȣȞıȘ, Ƞ Graham Attwell İʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞİȚ ȩĲȚ ĲĮ PLE įİȞ İȓȞĮȚ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȒ ȜȠȖȚıȝȚțȠȪ ĮȜȜȐ ȑȞĮȢ ĲȡȩʌȠȢ ĮȟȚȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ ĲȘȢĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮȢȝİıțȠʌȩ ĲȘȞȝȐșȘıȘAttwell, 2007). ȅAnderson ĮʌȩĲȘȞȐȜȜȘʌȜİȣȡȐșİȦȡİȓȩĲȚȑȞĮPLE İȓȞĮȚȝȚĮįȚİʌĮĳȒȝȑıĮ ıİȑȞĮ ȥȘĳȚĮțȩʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȠʌȠȓȠİȞıȦȝĮĲȫȞİȚĲĮʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȐțĮȚİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮĲȚțȐ İȞįȚĮĳȑȡȠȞĲĮĲȠȣĮĲȩȝȠȣĲĮȠʌȠȓĮĲȡȠĳȠįȠĲȠȪȞĲĮȚĮʌȩįȓțĲȣĮțĮĲĮȞİȝȘȝȑȞȦȞȡȠȫȞ ʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȚȫȞ ȉĮ PLE ʌȡȠıĳȑȡȠȣȞ ıĲȠȣȢ İțʌĮȚįİȣȠȝȑȞȠȣȢ ĲȠȞ ʌȜȒȡȘ ȑȜİȖȤȠ, įȓȞȠȞĲĮȢ ĲȠȣ ĲȘȞ įȣȞĮĲȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȘȢ İȟĮĲȠȝȓțİȣıȘȢ ĲȘȢ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȒȢ İȝʌİȚȡȓĮȢ țĮȚ ĲȘȞ įȣȞĮĲȩĲȘĲĮĮȜȜȘȜİʌȓįȡĮıȘȢȝİȐȜȜȠȣȢİțʌĮȚįİȣȠȝȑȞȠȣȢDownes, 2007). ȈȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȠȞ Lubensky ȑȞĮ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȒȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ Ƞ ȝȘȤĮȞȚıȝȩȢ ʌȠȣ įȚĮĲȘȡİȓ ȑȞĮ ȐĲȠȝȠ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ ʌȡȠıʌİȜĮȪȞİȚ ȞĮ ıȣȜȜȑȖİȚ ȞĮ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȫȞİȚ țĮȚ ȞĮ įȚĮȤİȚȡȓȗİĲĮȚ ȥȘĳȚĮțȐ ĮȞĲȚțİȓȝİȞĮ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ ĲȦȞ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȫȞĲȠȣĮȞĮȗȘĲȒıİȦȞȅȚChatti et al. (2007) ʌȡȠıșȑĲȠȣȞıĲĮʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦȩĲȚ

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ ȑȞĮ 3/( įİȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȝȩȞȠ ȑȞĮȢ ȚįȚȦĲȚțȩȢ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩ ȤȫȡȠȢ Ƞ ȠʌȠȓȠȢ ĮȞȒțİȚ țĮȚ İȜȑȖȤİĲĮȚĮʌȩĲȠȞİțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠĮȜȜȐİȓȞĮȚ İʌȓıȘȢȑȞĮȢȤȫȡȠȢʌȠȣʌȡȠıĳȑȡİȚȝȑıĮ ȖȚĮĲȘȞıȪȞįİıȘȝİȐȜȜȠȣȢʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪȢȤȫȡȠȣȢʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣȞĮĮȟȚȠʌȠȚȒıȠȣȞĲȘ ȖȞȫıȘ ıĲĮ ʌȜĮȓıȚĮ ĲȦȞ ĮȞȠȚțĲȫȞ țĮȚ ĮȞĮįȣȩȝİȞȦȞ ȠȚțȠıȣıĲȘȝȐĲȦȞ ȖȞȫıȘȢ ȉĮ PLE ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ıȣȞįȑȠȞĲĮȚ ȝİĲĮȟȪ ĲȠȣȢ ȖȚĮ ĲȠȞ ıȤȘȝĮĲȚıȝȩ İȞȩȢ ĮȞȠȚțĲȠȪ ȠȚțȠıȣıĲȒȝĮĲȠȢ ȖȞȫıȘȢ ĲȠ ȠʌȠȓȠ İȓȞĮȚ țĮĲĮȞİȝȘȝȑȞȠ ʌȠȚțȚȜȩȝȠȡĳȠ țĮȚ ȝİ ĲȠȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȞĮȑȤİȚĲȠȞĮʌȩȜȣĲȠȑȜİȖȤȠ ȈĲȠ ȈȤȒȝĮ 1 įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȞĲĮȚĲĮțȪȡȚĮȝȑȡȘİȞȩȢʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢȝȐșȘıȘȢ ıȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȠȣȢ &DVWDxHGD țĮȚ Adell (2013). ȈĲȠ ʌȡȫĲȠ ȝȑȡȠȢ ȜĮȝȕȐȞİȚ ȤȫȡĮ Ș ʌȡȠıʌȑȜĮıȘ țĮȚ Ș ıȣȜȜȠȖȒ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȒȢ ʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȓĮȢ ȈĲȠ įİȪĲİȡȠ ȖȓȞİĲĮȚ Ș İʌİȟİȡȖĮıȓĮțĮȚȘĮȞȐʌȜĮıȘĲȘȢʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȓĮȢıİıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩȝİĲȘȞĮȜȜȘȜİʌȓįȡĮıȘ ȐȜȜȦȞ ȤȡȘıĲȫȞȈĲȠĲȡȓĲȠȝȑȡȠȢȖȓȞİĲĮȚȘĮȞĮįȘȝȠıȓİȣıȘțĮȚȠįȚĮȝȠȚȡĮıȝȩȢĲȠȣ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȠȪȣȜȚțȠȪ

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ɇʖɼʅɲ1 ɇʐʍʏɲʏɿʃɳʍʏʉɿʖɸʀɲɸʆʊʎPLE ;ĂƐƚĂŹĞĚĂ & Adell 2013).

ȈĲȘȞ ȕȚȕȜȚȠȖȡĮĳȓĮ ıȣȞĮȞĲȫȞĲĮȚ İʌȓıȘȢ įȚĮĳȠȡİĲȚțȑȢ ʌȡȠıİȖȖȓıİȚȢ ıĲȠ șȑȝĮ ĲȘȢ ȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ İȞȩȢ PLE. ȅ Van Hermelen (2006) ʌȡȠĲİȓȞİȚ ȝȚĮ įȠȝȒ PLE, Ș ȠʌȠȓĮ ĮʌȠĲİȜİȓĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ȑȞĮ Ȓ ʌİȡȚııȩĲİȡĮ ȣʌȠıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮ ĲĮ ȠʌȠȓĮ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢdesktop ȒİĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢdesktop ıİıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩȝİįȚĮįȚțĲȣĮțȑȢİĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢ ȅ Attwell (2007) ĮȞĮĳȑȡİȚ ȩĲȚ, ȑȞĮ PLE ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ȣȜȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ Įʌȩ ȩȜĮ İțİȓȞĮ ĲĮ įȚĮĳȠȡİĲȚțȐİȡȖĮȜİȓĮʌȠȣȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓȠțĮșȑȞĮȢȝĮȢıĲȘȞțĮșȘȝİȡȚȞȩĲȘĲĮĲȠȣȖȚĮ ȝȐșȘıȘ 2 ıȣȖȖȡĮĳȑĮȢ įİȞ ĮȞĮĳȑȡİĲĮȚ ȝȩȞȠ ıİ ȥȘĳȚĮțȐ ȝȑıĮ įȚȩĲȚ Ș ȑȞȞȠȚĮ ĲȦȞ PLE ȣʌȒȡȤİ țĮȚ ʌȡȚȞ ĲȘȞ İʌȠȤȒ ĲȦȞ ȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȫȞ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıĲȫȞ ȈĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓʌĲȦıȘ ĮȣĲȒ ĲĮ İȡȖĮȜİȓĮ ȒĲĮȞ ĲȠ ĲȘȜȑĳȦȞȠ ȑȞĮ ıȘȝİȚȦȝĮĲȐȡȚȠ ȝȚĮ ĮĲȗȑȞĲĮ țĮ ȅ Lubensky ĮȞĮĳȑȡİȚ įȚȐĳȠȡȠȣȢ ĲȡȩʌȠȣȢ ȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ İȞȩȢ PLE. ȈȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ

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ĲȠȞ ıȣȖȖȡĮĳȑĮ ȑȞĮ PLE ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ȣȜȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ ȝİ İĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢ desktop, İĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢ WebTopıȣıĲȒȝĮĲĮįȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢʌİȡȚİȤȠȝȑȞȠȣCMS) țĮȚİĳĮȡȝȠȖȑȢmashup.

ȵɿʃʊʆɲ 1 Ʌʌʉʍʘʋɿʃʊ ʋɸʌɿɴɳʄʄʉʆ ʅɳɽɻʍɻʎ (Ʌɻɶɼ David Hopkins - PLE / Personal Learning Environment: tŚĂƚ͛ƐǇŽƵƌƐůŝŬĞ͍). ȈĲȠȀİĳȐȜĮȚȠĲȘȢİȡȖĮıȓĮȢȖȓȞİĲĮȚȝȚĮĮȞĮȜȣĲȚțȒʌİȡȚȖȡĮĳȒĲȦȞĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚȫȞʌȠȣ ȝʌȠȡȠȪȞ ȞĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșȠȪȞ ȖȚĮ ĲȘȞ ȣȜȠʌȠȓȘıȘ İȞȩȢ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȠȪ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞĲȠȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ

1.4 ȈȣȞȚıĲȫıİȢʌȠȣıȣȞȘȖȠȡȠȪȞıĲȘȞİȝĳȐȞȚıȘĲȦȞPLE

ȅȚĮȣȟĮȞȩȝİȞİȢĮʌĮȚĲȒıİȚȢțĮȚĮȞȐȖțİȢĲȘȢıȘȝİȡȚȞȒȢțȠȚȞȦȞȓĮȢıİıȣȞįȣĮıȝȩȝİ ĲȘȞ ȡĮȖįĮȓĮ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȚțȒ ĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘ ȠįȘȖȠȪȞ ıİ ȞȑİȢ țĮĲİȣșȪȞıİȚȢ ıĲȠȞ ıȤİįȚĮıȝȩ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȫșȘıȘ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲȦȞ țĮȚ ȣʌȘȡİıȚȫȞ ȀȪȡȚȠ ȐȟȠȞĮ ĲȦȞ ȞȑȦȞ ıĲȡĮĲȘȖȚțȫȞ ĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘȢʌȡȠȧȩȞĲȦȞĮʌȠĲİȜİȓȘʌİȜĮĲȠțİȞĲȡȚțȒțĮȚȘİȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘʌȡȠıȑȖȖȚıȘ ĲȠȣ ʌȡȠȧȩȞĲȠȢȉȠȓįȚȠıȣȝȕĮȓȞİȚțĮȚıĲȠȞĲȡȩʌȠʌȠȣİʌȚĲİȜİȓĲĮȚȘȝȐșȘıȘȝȑıȦĲȘȢ ȘȜİțĲȡȠȞȚțȒȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ Ǿ ȡĮȖįĮȓĮ İȟȑȜȚȟȘ ıĲȘȞ ĲİȤȞȠȜȠȖȓĮ İʌȚĳȑȡİȚ ĮȣȟĮȞȩȝİȞİȢ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȘʌȜȘșȫȡĮțĮȚȘʌȠȜȣʌȜȠțȩĲȘĲĮĲȘȢʌȜȘȡȠĳȠȡȓĮȢĮʌĮȚĲİȓĮʌȩ

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ȈʌȣȡȚįȐțȘȢǼȀȦȞıĲĮȞĲȓȞȠȢ ǾȡȐțȜİȚȠ ĲȠȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠ ȞȑĮ İȡȖĮȜİȓĮ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢ ĲȘȢ ȖȞȫıȘȢ ʌȠȣ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȓȗȠȞĲĮȚ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞİȟĮĲȠȝȓțİȣıȘțĮȚĲȘȞĮȣĲȠįȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘĲȘȢȝȐșȘıȘȢ

1.4.1 ǹȞȐȖțȘȖȚĮİȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘȝȐșȘıȘ

Ǿ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘ ȝȐșȘıȘ SHUVRQDOL]HG OHDUQLQJ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ȝȐșȘıȘ ʌȠȣ ĮȞĲĮʌȠțȡȓȞİĲĮȚıĲĮįȚĮĳȠȡİĲȚțȐıĲȣȜȝȐșȘıȘȢĲȠȣİțʌĮȚįİȣȠȝȑȞȠȣ. ǼȓȞĮȚȘ ȝȐșȘıȘȘȩʌȠȚĮİȞĮȡȝȠȞȓȗİĲĮȚȝİ ĲȚȢĮĲȠȝȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢțĮȚĲĮİȞįȚĮĳȑȡȠȞĲĮ ĲȦȞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȠȝȑȞȦȞ ȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȞĲĮȢ ȣʌȩȥȘ ĲĮ ȝȠȞĮįȚțȐ ĲȠȣȢ ȤĮȡȓıȝĮĲĮ ȤĮȡĮțĲȘȡȚıĲȚțȐ įİȟȚȩĲȘĲİȢ țĮȚ İʌȚșȣȝȓİȢ ĲȠȣȢ ȉȠ ȝȠȞĲȑȜȠ ĲȘȢ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘȢȝȐșȘıȘȢĮȞĮȖȞȦȡȓȗİȚȩĲȚțȐșİȝĮșȘĲȒȢİȓȞĮȚȑȞĮȐĲȠȝȠȝİ įȚĮĳȠȡİĲȚțȩ ıĲȣȜ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ȡȣșȝȩ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĲȡȩʌȠ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ İʌȚȜȠȖȒȢ ıȣȖțİțȡȚȝȑȞȘȢ ȝȠȡĳȒȢ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȠȪ ȣȜȚțȠȪ țĮȚ įȚĮĳȠȡİĲȚțȒ ȐʌȠȥȘ ȖȚĮ ĲȘ ȝȐșȘıȘ Ǿ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘ ȝȐșȘıȘ İȓȞĮȚ ĮȞİȟȐȡĲȘĲȘ ĮȣĲȠįȪȞĮȝȘ ȝĮșȘĲȠțİȞĲȡȚțȒ İȞİȡȖȘĲȚțȒ țĮȚ țȡȚĲȚțȒ ȝȐșȘıȘ ȑȞĮȞĲȚ ĲȘȢ İȟĮȡĲȘȝȑȞȘȢ įĮıțĮȜȠțİȞĲȡȚțȒȢ ʌĮșȘĲȚțȒȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ țĮȚ ĮʌȠĲİȜİȓ ȕĮıȚțȩ ıȣıĲĮĲȚțȩ İʌȚĲȣȤȓĮȢȖȚĮȝȚĮȝĮșȘıȚĮțȒİȝʌİȚȡȓĮMcLoughlin, 1999). ȉȠ ʌȜİȠȞȑțĲȘȝĮ ĲȦȞ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȫȞ ʌİȡȚȕĮȜȜȩȞĲȦȞ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȩĲȚ İȞȚıȤȪȠȣȞ ĲȘȞ İȟĮĲȠȝȚțİȣȝȑȞȘ ȝȐșȘıȘ țĮșȫȢ İʌȚĲȡȑʌȠȣȞ ıİ țȐșİ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠ ȞĮ įȚĮȝȠȡĳȫıİȚ ĲȠ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ĲȠȣ ĲĮȚȡȚȐȗİȚ ıĲȠ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȩĲȠȣıĲȣȜ.

1.4.2 ǹȣĲȩ-ȡȣșȝȚȗȩȝİȞȘȂȐșȘıȘ.

Ǿ ĮȣĲȩ-ȡȣșȝȚȗȩȝİȞȘ ȝȐșȘıȘ (Self Regulated Learning) ĮȞĮĳȑȡİĲĮȚ ıĲȘ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ țĮĲȐ ĲȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ ĲȠ ȐĲȠȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ʌȜȒȡȘ ȑȜİȖȤȠ ıĲȘ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ ĲȘȢ ȝȐșȘıȒȢĲȠȣ ȉȠȐĲȠȝȠ șȑĲİȚȝĮșȘıȚĮțȠȪȢıĲȩȤȠȣȢ İȞĲȠʌȓȗİȚ țĮȚĮȟȚȠȜȠȖİȓ ĲȠĮʌĮȡĮȓĲȘĲȠȝĮșȘıȚĮțȩȣȜȚțȩİʌȚȜȑȖİȚ țĮĲȐȜȜȘȜİȢİțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȑȢȝİșȩįȠȣȢ țĮȚİȡȖĮȜİȓĮțĮȚĲȑȜȠȢĮȟȚȠȜȠȖİȓĲĮʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȐȝĮșȘıȚĮțȐĲȠȣ İʌȚĲİȪȖȝĮĲĮ țĮȚȖİȞȚțȩĲİȡĮĲȘȞʌȡȩȠįȩĲȠȣ ȈȣȞİʌȫȢȘ ĮȣĲȩ-ȡȣșȝȚȗȩȝİȞȘȝȐșȘıȘ ıȣȞȚıĲȐȑȞĮ ȠȜȠțȜȘȡȦȝȑȞȠ ȝȘȤĮȞȚıȝȩ įȚĮȤİȓȡȚıȘȢ ĲȘȢ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȒȢ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȢ, ȝȑıĮ Įʌȩ ĲȠȞ ȠʌȠȓȠ Ƞ İțʌĮȚįİȣȩȝİȞȠȢ įȚĮșȑĲİȚ ĲȘȞ ȚțĮȞȩĲȘĲĮ ȞĮ ıȤİįȚȐȗİȚ İțĲİȜİȓ İȜȑȖȤİȚ ĮȟȚȠȜȠȖİȓ țĮȚ ĮȞĮșİȦȡİȓ İȞȑȡȖİȚİȢ ĲȠȣ ıĲȘȞ įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮ țĮĲȐțĲȘıȘȢ ĲȦȞ ȝĮșȘıȚĮțȫȞĲȠȣıĲȩȤȦȞ

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1.4.3 ǻȚĮȕȓȠȣȝȐșȘıȘ

+ įȚĮ ȕȓȠȣ ȝȐșȘıȘ (Lifelong Learning) ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ıĮȞ ȚįȑĮ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞ įİțĮİĲȓĮ ĲȠȣ țĮȚ ȟİțȓȞȘıİ ȦȢ ĮȞĮȖțĮȚȩĲȘĲĮ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ İȡȖĮȗȩȝİȞȠ Ƞ ȠʌȠȓȠȢ ĮȞĮȗȘĲȠȪıİįȚİȟȩįȠȣȢȖȚĮĲȘȞİʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮĲȚțȒĲȠȣİȟȑȜȚȟȘǲĲıȚıĲĮʌȜĮȓıȚĮ ĲȠȣ İȝʌȠȡȚțȠȪ ĮȞĲĮȖȦȞȚıȝȠȪ ȠȚ İȡȖĮȗȩȝİȞȠȚ įȚĮĳȩȡȦȞ İʌȚȤİȚȡȒıİȦȞ ʌȡȠıʌĮșȠȪıĮȞ ȞĮ ĮʌȠțĲȒıȠȣȞ ȠȜȠȑȞĮ țĮȚ ʌİȡȚııȩĲİȡİȢ ȖȞȫıİȚȢ țĮȚ įİȟȚȩĲȘĲİȢıȤİĲȚțȑȢȝİĲȠİʌȐȖȖİȜȝĮĲȠȣȢ Ǿ įȚȐ ȕȓȠȣ ȝȐșȘıȘ ȦȢ ȩȡȠȢ įİȞ ĮʌȠĲİȜİȓ ȑȞĮ ʌȜĮȓıȚȠ İȚįȚțȫȞ įȡĮıĲȘȡȚȠĲȒĲȦȞ įȚįĮıțĮȜȓĮȢ țĮȚ ȝİȜȑĲȘȢ, ĮȜȜȐ ȝȑȡȠȢ ĲȘȢ įȚİȡȖĮıȓĮȢ ĲȘȢ ȗȦȒȢȈȪȝĳȦȞĮ ȝİ ĲȠȞ ȠȡȚıȝȩ ʌȠȣ įȚĮĲȣʌȫșȘțİ Įʌȩ ĲȘȞUNESCO (1976): ©ȅȩȡȠȢįȚȐȕȓȠȣȝȐșȘıȘįȘȜȫȞİȚȑȞĮȤȦȡȓȢȩȡȚĮıȤȒȝĮʌȠȣĮʌȠȕȜȑʌİȚıĲȘȞ ĮȞĮȝȩȡĳȦıȘ ĲȠȣ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȠȪ ıȣıĲȒȝĮĲȠȢ țĮȚ ıĲȘȞ ĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘ ĲȠȣ ĮȞșȡȫʌȚȞȠȣ įȣȞĮȝȚțȠȪ ȑȟȦ Įʌȩ ĮȣĲȩ Ǿ İțʌĮȓįİȣıȘ țĮȚ Ș ȝȐșȘıȘ įİȞ ʌİȡȚȠȡȓȗȠȞĲĮȚıĲȘıȤȠȜȚțȒĳȠȓĲȘıȘĮȜȜȐʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțĲİȓȞȠȞĲĮȚıİȠȜȩțȜȘȡȘĲȘ ȗȦȒĲȠȣĮȞșȡȫʌȠȣȞĮʌİȡȚȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȞȩȜİȢĲȚȢįİȟȚȩĲȘĲİȢȩȜȠȣȢĲȠȣȢțȜȐįȠȣȢ ĲȘȢȖȞȫıȘȢȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞȩȜĮĲĮįȣȞĮĲȐȝȑıĮțĮȚȞĮįȓȞȠȣȞĲȘȞİȣțĮȚȡȓĮ ıİ ȩȜȠȣȢ ĲȠȣȢ ĮȞșȡȫʌȠȣȢ ȖȚĮ ʌȜȒȡȘ ĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘ ĲȘȢ ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȩĲȘĲȐȢ ĲȠȣȢ ȅȚ İțʌĮȚįİȣĲȚțȑȢțĮȚȠȚıȤİĲȚțȑȢȝİĲȘȝȐșȘıȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓİȢıĲȚȢȠʌȠȓİȢĲĮʌĮȚįȚȐ ȠȚȞȑȠȚȐȞșȡȦʌȠȚțĮȚȠȚİȞȒȜȚțȠȚȩȜȦȞĲȦȞȘȜȚțȚȫȞİȝʌȜȑțȠȞĲĮȚıĲȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮ ĲȘȢȗȦȒȢĲȠȣȢıİȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠĲİȝȠȡĳȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮșİȦȡȘșȠȪȞȦȢȑȞĮıȪȞȠȜȠª ǼʌȓıȘȢĲȠȥȒĳȚıȝĮĲȘȢȘȢǿȠȣȞȓȠȣĲȠȣıȣȝȕȠȪȜȚȠȣĲȘȢ ǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒȢ ǲȞȦıȘȢ ȖȚĮĲȘįȚȐȕȓȠȣȝȐșȘıȘİʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞİȚȩĲȚ ©ȘįȚĮȕȓȠȣȝȐșȘıȘʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮȜȪʌĲİȚĲȘȝȐșȘıȘĮʌȩĲȘȞʌȡȠıȤȠȜȚțȒȘȜȚțȓĮ ȑȦȢ ĲȘȞ ʌİȡȓȠįȠ ȝİĲȐ ĲȘ ıȣȞĲĮȟȚȠįȩĲȘıȘ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ȩȜȠ ĲȠ ĳȐıȝĮ ĲȦȞ İʌȓıȘȝȦȞĲȦȞĮȞİʌȓıȘȝȦȞțĮȚĲȦȞȐĲȣʌȦȞȝȠȡĳȫȞȝȐșȘıȘȢǼȟȐȜȜȠȣȦȢįȚĮ ȕȓȠȣ ȝȐșȘıȘ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȞȠȘșİȓ țȐșİ įȡĮıĲȘȡȚȩĲȘĲĮ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ ʌȠȣ ĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞİĲĮȚ țĮș ȩȜȘ ĲȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ ĲȘȢ ȗȦȒȢ ȝİ ıĲȩȤȠ ĲȘ ȕİȜĲȓȦıȘ ĲȦȞ ȖȞȫıİȦȞĲȦȞįİȟȚȠĲȒĲȦȞțĮȚĲȦȞȚțĮȞȠĲȒĲȦȞıİȝȚĮʌȡȠȠʌĲȚțȒĮȞȐʌĲȣȟȘȢĲȠȣ ĮĲȩȝȠȣ ĲȠȣ ʌȠȜȓĲȘ țĮșȫȢ țĮȚ ıİ țȠȚȞȦȞȚțȒ ȒțĮȚ ıȣȞįİȩȝİȞȘ ȝİ ĲȘȞ ĮʌĮıȤȩȜȘıȘ ʌȡȠȠʌĲȚțȒȉȑȜȠȢ ıĲȘ ıȣȞȐȡĲȘıȘ ĮȣĲȒ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞĲĮȚ ȠȚ ĮțȩȜȠȣșİȢ ĮȡȤȑȢ ĲȠ ȐĲȠȝȠ ȦȢ ȣʌȠțİȓȝİȞȠ ȝȐșȘıȘȢ İʌȚıȘȝĮȓȞȠȞĲĮȢ ĲȘ ıȘȝĮıȓĮ ȝȚĮȢ ȖȞȒıȚĮȢ ȚıȩĲȘĲĮȢ İȣțĮȚȡȚȫȞ țĮȚ Ș ʌȠȚȩĲȘĲĮ ĲȘȢ ȝȐșȘıȘȢª ǼʌȓıȘȝȘǼĳȘȝİȡȓįĮĲȦȞǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȫȞȀȠȚȞȠĲȒĲȦȞ