Vol.63 , No.3(2015)222横山 剛「『中観五蘊論』の原題について ： 「小論」(prakarana)としての位置づけをめぐる考察」

(208)

Jbumal

_ofindian

andBudZihist SindiesVbl.

63,

No.

3,

March

2015

A

Reconstruction

of

the

Sanskrit

Title

of

Candrakirti's

Phun

po

lna

'i

rab

tu

byedpa:

With

Special

Attention

to

the

Term

"rab

tu

byedpd'

YoKoyAMA

Takeshi

1.

Introduction

The

Phuh

po

lfia

'i rab tu

byedpa,

written

by

Candrakirti

and _preservedonly

in

its

Tibetan

translation,isone of the most important _sources

fbr

investigating

_the Madhyamaka

school's understanding of

Sarvastivada

Abhidharrna.

The

Tibetan

text,

based

on the

Peking

and sNar thafieditions, was _published

by

Ch.

Lindtner

in

1979,

but

in

the_yearssince there

have beenno translations and few studies devotedto it.The author of this_paperiscurrently

in

the_processofpreparing a critical

Tibetan

text,

based

on the

five

editions, and an

anno-tated

Japanese

translation.

In

thecourse of these_prejects,theauthor

has

fbund

it

necessary

toconsider

the

Sanskrit

titleof thistext.In_previeusstudies, ithas

been

called

"Paficaskan-dhaprakarapa"

(Phurt

_po

1rta'i

rab tu

byed

_pa)

, adopting thetitlethat

is

shown atthe

begin-ning of the

Tibetan

translation.

However,

on the

basis

of thetitlesshown

in

the colophon and mentioned

in

other texts,we can _positthat

it

was originally called "Paficaskandhaka."

Recently,the

Sanskrit

textof

Vasubandhu's

work on _{paficaskandha}and itscommentary by

Sthirarnati

have

been

_{published,providing}new sources of evidence tosupport this alter-nate title.Inthis

_paper,

we would

like

to

investigate

theterm "rab

tu

bj?edpd'

(prakara4a)

in

theTibetantitle,and toconsider the_possibilitythatitwas appended inorder toshow its

belonging

tothe_genreof concise

doctrinal

summaries.

2.

Evidence

for

the

Sanskrit

Title

of

Candrakirti's

Phufi

_po

ina

'i rab tu

byedpa

The Tibetantranslationof Candrak-irti'stext

begins

with thetitle

"Paficaskandhaprakara-rpa"

(Phuh

po

lha'i

rab tu

byed

_pa)

(p.

95,

ll.

2-3).

However,

in

thecolophon, which

is

considered to

have

been _presentinthe Sanskrittextas well, there

is

a closing remark:

[we

have]

finished

[the

explanation ofl rab tu

byedpa

named `CPhuft _po

1fia

_pa"

(Phun

_po lna

The Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies

NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapaneseAssociation of Indian and Buddhist Studies

AReconstmctionoftheSanskritTitleofCandrakirti'sPhunpolfia'i

rabtu

byedpa

(T,

YoKoyAMA)

(209)

pa ies

bya

ba'i

rab tu

byedpa)

which was made

by

Master

Candrakirti

(p.

145,

ll.

19-20).

Accordingtothisremark, thetitle

is

"Phufi _po

1fia

_pa,"which can

be

reconstmcted as

`LPafi-caskandhaka" in

Sanskrit.

The

_point

is

thatthe title

is

a

derivative

ofpaficaskandha and

thatitdoesnot includethe term "rab tu

bjiedpa."

Thisremark shows thatthetitleand the

term "rab

tu

oj,edpa"

_possessa Karmadh5raya compound relationship.

wnen

the

imdhya-makaratnapradipa

(D

266b3-4,

P

335b3)

and the

Bodhimjrgapradipqpafp'ikd

_(D

280b5-6,P 324a8) mention Candrakiriti'stext,they refers to itas "dBu ma _phufipo 1fia_pa."As

fbr

theterm "dbu

md'

('macthyamako)

in

the

firont

ofthe title,IKEDA 1985 _pointsout that

it

was added

in

a

later

_period

in

order toemphasize

its

belonging

tothe

Madhyamaka

school and to

differentiate

it

from

Vlisubandhu's

text.

His

assessment seems

highly

plausi-ble.Inthis_paper,we would likefbcuson thelatter_partof thistitle:`iphun _po

lha

_pa."This

partcorresponds tothetitleinthecolophon. The title,with "dou ma" added, is_also fbund

in

the catalogue

(cll<ar

chag) of

the

Peking edition

(P

112a5).However, the titleinthe

catalogue of the sDe dge edition

(P

437al)

isidenticalto thatintheTibetantranslation,

and,

in

the

catalogue

in

Bu

ston's

Chos

'byun,

the"dL)u

ma"

is

added as

fbllows:

"dBu

ma

phtm

po

tha'i

rab tu

byed

_pa"

_(p.

52,no. 577).i)

Synthesizing

this

evidence, we can pre-sume that

Candrakirti's

textwas originally called "Paficaskandhaka"

(Phufi

_po

lfia

_pa)

and

thatthetitle

including

the_phrase"rab

tu

hyedpa"

was a

Tibetan

innovation.

3.

The

Sanskrit

Title

of

Vtisubandhu's

Phufi

_po

ina

'i rab tu

bj,edpa

We can see thesarne thetextual

developments

in

thecase ofVasubandhu'swork

onpafi-caskandha.

While

the

Tibetan

translation

has

the same titleas

Candrakirti's

text,

Pafica-skandhaprakararpa, Phufi

_po

1fia'irab tubyed

_pa

(D

1lb4-5,

P 12b6-7),the title

ofSthira-mati's commentary on thistext is"Paficaskandhakavibhasa"

(p.

133,

L

8),and

in

the

17im,

siikavijn-aptibhasya,

Sthiramati

calls his

PSkV

"Paficaskandhakopanibandhana"

(p.

120,

l.

20).

YaSomitra

also referred to

Vasubandhu's

textas "Paficaskandhaka"

in

his

com-mentary on the

Abhidharmakosiabhasya

(p.

64,

l.

25; _p.127,

l.

21;_p.309,

l.

7,

L

13).

However,

the

Tibetancatalogues, such as the IDan cikar ma

(p.

334,no. 638) and 'Phan

thah nea

(p.

28,

no.

567),

as well as the catalogues of the Peking and sDe dge edition

(P

124a7,

D

446bl),

and the catalogue inBu ston's Chos 'byun

(p.

57,no. 712), show the

same Tibetantitle,which

includes

the

_phrase"rab tu

byedpd':

"Phuh _po

1fia'i

rab tu

byed

pa."

On

the

basis

of

this

evidence, we can

_posit

thatthe

Sanskrit

titleof Vasubandhu'stext - ₁₃₀₃

-(210)

AReconstruetiDneftheSanskTitTitleofCandTakirti'sPhufi_polfia'irabtubyedpa

(T.

YbKoyAMA)

2)

was "Paficaskandhaka"

and thattheterrn"rab

tu

byedpa"

was appended

in

Tibet.

Since

this_{presentsperfectparallel}with Candrakirti'stext,itcan serve as evidence for

recon-structingthe lattertext's

Sanskrit

title.Being aware that

Candrakirti's

textwas originally

called "Paficaskandhaka," we should conventionally refer toitas

"Madhyamakapaficaskan-dhaka,"

which isthe title

in

the MRP and so fbrth,inorder to avoid confusing itwith

Vasubandhu's

PSk.

4.

The

Ilerm

"rab _tu

bjiedpa"

in

the

Tibetan

Titles

We would also liketoinvestigatethe usage of theterm "rab _tbl

byedpd'

in

thetitlesof

Tibetantranslations.The

beginning

_part

of the PSkV

_gives

us the

fbllowing

important

in-fbrmation:

[Now

we explain] theestablishment of thisconcise treatise

lprakara4a)

beginningwjth _the

sage `)afica skandhah . . ." This

[treatise]

aims teteach the generaland specific characteristics of

thectharmas.

(Objection:)

Because

[we

havealready] explained the characteristics ofthe dharmas

inthetreatisessuch as the Ybgaca-rabhtimi and so fbrth,it would be useless effort toexplain them

again.

(Answer:)

No, itwould not useless. Because itisforthe benefitof the wise disciples.The

wise ones think much ofa summarized

[treatise],

not a detailedone, becausetheycan _perfectly

derstandthedetailedarguments derivedfromthese

[characteristics

ofthe dharmas]only with

amples. Thus this coneise treatiseis established forthe sake ofthe sentient beings who want the

summarized

[texts].

(p.

1,tl.41O)

Accordingtothis

_passage,

it

is

certain thatthePSk

had

been

categorized as `)rakararpa"

in

India.

Thus,

we suggest

the

_possibilitythatthe term Clpraharaua" was added

in

Tibeton the

basisof thistraditionalIndianclassification. Among Tibetantranslations,there are also

other cases where thisterrnhasbeen added tothe frontof theirtitles,such as

"Prakararpa-bhidhamitivat5ra"

(D

no. 4097,P no. 5599).3) Now, we

have

to examine thesignificance

of adding thetrem `Prakara4a" _{tothesetitles.}4)_As

a translationof "prakararpa,"

"mone-graph"

would

be

most common rendering, though

it

can also mean "chapter."

When

we see

thetitlesofthe

Buddhist

Tibetantranslationsthatincludethisterm,

however,

we note that

they tendto

be

short, concise treatises.5)As the_previous

_quoted

_passage

demonstrates,

the

PSk,

in

its

summary of thecharacteristics of theduarmas, can

be

seen as

just

such a text.

Thus,we can make the _{generalpresumption}that,inthiscontext, the term `Prakararpa"

re-fers

to

_panicularly

short, concise treatisesinthe Buddhisttradition,which means thatit

in-The Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies

NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapaneseAssociation of Indian and Buddhist Studies

AReconstructionoftheSanskritTitleofCandrakirti'sPhufi_poina'i

rab tubyedpa

(T,

YbKo%MA)

(211)

stance, the opening and closing verses of the

MPSk

shows that

it

aims tosummarize the

Sarvastivzada

doctrine

ofthe categories

fbr

those who are not

familiar

with

it:

(Opening

verse:) Because the classification isan entrance tothewisdom fbrthose who have

clear intelligence,

[I

will] explain thesummarized correct definitionsofskanclha, tlyatanaand dhdtu.

(p.

95,ll.4-7)

(Closing

verse:) Forthesake oftheworldly _people,who do not make effbrts,Candrakirtimade

thistreatisewhich explains thesummarized correct meaning ofskanctha.

(p.

I45,ll.16-17)

Thus,

in

thecase of the

MPSk,

it

is

_possible

to

_presume

thattheterm"rab tu

byedpd'

was appended

in

Tibet

in

order to

demonstrate

that

it

belonged

tothis

_genre

ofconcise

doctrinal

summarles.

5.

Conclusion

Inthispaper,we have_provedthatthe

Sanskrit

title_of Candraklrti'stextis

best

_considered

to

be

"Paficaskandhaka,"

and

have

_proposedtorefer to

it

conventionally as

"Madhyamaka-paficaskandhaka"toavoid theconfusion with

Vasubandhu's

PSk.

As

fbr

theterm "rab tu

byedpa,"

we have _pointedout the_possibilitythatitwas appended to

Tibetan

titles

in

order

toshow

that

they

belonged

toa

_genre

of concise

doctrinal

summaries. However, we are aware ef

limitation

of

this

argument, _giventhatthis_presentpaperonly consider thisissue

inlightofthe PSk and

MPSk.

In

order tomake theargument more compelling,

it

would

be

necessary toconsider a wider range ofthe texts,includingnon-Buddhist sources.

<Notes>1

)

Accordingtothecolophon, itwas Dipamkaragrijfidna,or Atiga

(A.D.

982-1054), who translated

theMPSk. Thus,we cannot finditsname intheZDandkarma

(A.D.

824)and tPhan than ma

(ca.

middte ofthe 9c).

2

)

Liand STErr"KELLNER2008pointsout a dithcultyinadopting thephrase

"pafica

skandhah" fromthecolophon as thetext'stitle

(p.

vii,note 1).

3)

As fbrthe term

`tprakararpa" _in

the titleof the M, see YoKoyAMA 2014. 4

)

Ialso discussedthese matters in

YoKoy)xMA2014. 5) Sccpp.13-14,note 21 inYeKoyAMA 2014.

<Primary

Sources>

Bodhima-rgupradZPapaiij'ika':D no. 394g,P no. 5344. CatalogueinBu _ston'sClhes'tv,ufi: _NtsHioKA

1981. tDandkarma:LALou1953. Madhyamakapafieaskantthaka:LiNDTNER1979.

Madeyama-karatnapradipa:D no. 3854,P _no. 5254. PaficaskantZhakavibha's.a':KRAMER _2013. {Phan_thari ma: KAwnGoE 2005. AbhittharmakoSavtJ,Okllya:WoGiHARA 1936. bs7lan

lgvur

dkarehag ofthe

（

212

＞ AReconstmction　ofthe　Sanskrit　Titl巳ofCandrakirti’sPhufi　po　lfia　’i　_rab趨byedpa（_τ：Yl_〕KoYAMA ）

s1〕e　dge　edition ：Dno ．4569 ．　 hs　Tan ’g_アurdkarchag ofthePekingedition _：Pno．5963 ．　Tr’_甲‘爵 κ4v_σ舜殉ワt’δ〃π§yαl　BuEscHER　2007．

＜Secondary　Sources＞

BuEscHER ，　Hartmut ．2007 ．8ぬ〃α 〃 〜α’酌 7短 仰 廓 んδvケ痘儁P∫め 玩おアα，　Critical　Editions　of　the　Sanskrit　Text and 　its　Tibetan　Translation．Vienna_：VerlagderOsterreichischenAkaderniederWissenschaften． IKEDA，

RentarO池田練太郎 ．1985．“Candrakirti

・G・ernr・n・_{ni ・}keru_shomondai ”Candrakirti『_五蘊論』_{に お}

ける諸問題 ［Some　problems　ofCandrakirti ’s　Paiicaskandhaprakararpa］。Komazawa 　Daigaku　Bukkyo−−

gakubu　ronsha 駒 澤 大學 佛 教學音隔 集 ［Journal　_of 　Buddhist　_studies ］16，_{pp ，588− 566 ．} KRAMER ，

Jowita．2013．　Sthiramati　i　Paficaskandhakavibhtisa．　Part　_」．・Critical　_edition ．　Beijing：China　Tibetology

Publishing　House_；Vienna：Austrian　Academy 　_ofSciences 　Press．　 KAwAGoE _，　Eishin_{川 越 英真．2005 ．}

dKar　ehag _励αヵ 酌αヵ ma ．　Sendai：Tohoku 　Society　for　lndo−Tibetan　Studies，　 LALou _，　Marcelle ．

1953．‘‘Les　Textes　Bouddhiques　au　Temps　du　Roi　Khri−sroh −lde−bcan．”　Journal　Asiatique　CCXLI ，　pp．

313−_{353．　LI，}　Xuezhu　and 　STEINKELLNER，　Ernst．2008．　Vasubandhu　k　Pafieaskandhaka．Beijing_：China

Tibetology　Publishing　House；Vienna：Austrian　Academy 　of　Sciences　Press．_LINDTNER，　Christian．

1979．‘

℃andrakirti ’s　Paficaskandhaprakararpa，　L　Tibetan　Text ．”Acta　Orientatia　XL _，　pp．87−

145． NlsHloKA，　Soshti西 岡祖 秀．1981．

“P

μ∫御 β耽妙δ3痂mokurokubu 　sakuin 　II” 『_{プ ト}ゥ ン仏 教 史』 目録 部索引 11 ［lndex　to　the　catalogue 　section 　of 　Bu −ston ’_s‘GHistory

　ofBuddhism ”_（ll）］．To’ky6　Daigaku

Bungakubu 　Bornka　Ko

“

r　_yti　Kendyti　Shisetsu　kenkydi　ktyo

一

東 京 大 学 文 学 部 文 化 交 流 研究施設 研究紀 要 ［Annual　report 　of　the　lnstitUte　for　the　StUdy　of　Cultural　Exchange ］5，　pp ．43− 94 ．　 WoGIHARtt ，

Unrai _荻原雲来．1936．　Sphugartha　Abhidhannakosiavyakhyd　by｝Ynsomitra．　Tokyo：Publishing　Asso −

ciation 　of　AbhidharmakoSaVyakhya．　 YoKoyAMA，　Takeshi横III剛．2014 ．“NyQabidatsumaron 　no

gendai　ni　kansum　k6satsu；Z5yaku　butten　ga　tsutaeru　shomeichO 　no “

rab 　tU　byed　pa”（prakaralla）no

imi　wo 　megutte ”『入 阿毘達磨 論』の原 題 に 関する考 察：蔵 訳 仏典が伝える書名中の “rab　tu

byed　pa”（prakaralla）の意味をめ ぐっ て ［An　examination 　ofthe　original　Sanskrit　title　ofthe　Rab　tu

byed　pa　chos 　mngon 　pa　la　）’ug　pa：Focusing　on　the　insertion　of　the　term “rab 　tu　byed　pd”　in　Tibetan

titles　of 　Buddhist　works _］．Nihon　Chibetto　Gakkai　kaih_δ日本西藏學 會々 報 ［Report　of　the　Japanese

Association　for　TibetanStUdies］60

，　pp．1− 14．

（This　work 　was 　supported 　by　Grant−in−Aid　for　JSPS　Fellews，　Grant　Number 　12JO4336）

＜Key　words ＞ madhyamaka ，中観 Candrakirti， 月称，　Madhyamakapaficaskandhaka ， 中観五 藕論

Vasubandhu ，世親，　Paficaskandhaka，五 蘊論 Sanskrit　title，原題 prakaraロa，小 論