Microsoft PowerPoint b_BO_Sapporo.ppt [互換モード]

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2015/06/11—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science

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2 光触媒のしくみがわかる本/光触媒標準研究法

大谷文章「光触媒のしくみがわかる本」技術評論社（2003）・1,554円大谷文章「光触媒標準研究法」東京図書（2005）・4,410円

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3 けんきゅう＜あらいぐまげん＞

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17 last time topic = grasping in chemistry

What is a cell (denchi)? Interpret in a sense of chemistry.

(1) storing electrical energy as chemicals and converting them into electrical energy

(2) converting certain energy into electrical energy

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18 today's topic = what is the goal of scientists

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19

In Major League Baseball, a player earns the Triple Crown when he leads a league in three specific statistical categories. For batters, a player must lead the league in home runs, runs batted in (RBI), and batting average; pitchers must lead the league in wins, strikeouts, and earned run average (ERA)

"triple crown" in baseball

Lou Gehrig Ted Williams

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三冠王

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三冠王

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打者の三冠（さんかん）とは，

首位打者

・

最多本塁打

・

最多打点

三冠を同時に達成した打者を三冠王（さんかんおう・triple crown）とよぶ．英語ではTriple Crownと言う．これら以外の打撃タイトルは，

最多盗塁

・

最多安打

・

最高出塁率

がある．三冠に最多盗塁をくわえて四冠（よんかん）とする場合もある．投手の三冠として，

最優秀防御率

・

最多勝利

・

最多奪三振

とすることがある．さらに，これに

最高勝率

・

最多完封勝利

も合わせて五冠王（ごかんおう）とよぶ場合もある．《ウィキペディア『三冠（野球）』を一部改変・追加》

Ｑ：野球における三冠王・四冠王・五冠王・六冠王

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三冠王

22 Ｑ：日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王

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三冠王

23 １９３８秋中島治康（巨人）

１９６５

野村克也（南海）

１９７３

王貞治（巨人）

１９７４

王貞治（巨人）

１９８２

落合博満（ロッテ）

１９８４

ブーマー（阪急）

１９８５

バース（阪神）/落合博満（ロッテ）

１９８６

バース（阪神）/落合博満（ロッテ）

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松中信彦（ダイエー）

四冠王はいない（渡米前年のイチローが惜しかった・イースタンリーグでは１９７７年に庄司智久（巨人））・アメリカメジャーリーグでは，1967年以来打者の三冠王はでていない．

Ｑ：日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王

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三冠王

24 日本のプロ野球の投手の三/四/五冠王

ほとんどが監督経験 1943 藤本英雄巨人 34 0.73 253 0.756 19 5 1948 中尾碩志巨人 27 1.84 187 3 1954 杉下茂中日 32 1.39 273 0.727 7 5 1954 宅和本司南海 26 1.58 275 3 1958 金田正一国鉄 31 1.3 311 3 1958 稲尾和久西鉄 33 1.42 334 3 1959 杉浦忠南海 38 1.4 336 0.905 8 5 1961 権藤博中日 35 1.7 310 3 1961 稲尾和久西鉄 42 1.69 353 0.75 4 1978 鈴木啓示近鉄 25 2.02 178 8 4 1980 木田勇日本ハム 22 2.28 225 0.733 4 1981 江川卓巨人 20 2.29 221 0.769 7 5 1985 小松辰雄中日 17 2.65 172 3 1990 野茂英雄近鉄 18 2.91 287 0.692 4 1999 上原浩治巨人 20 2.09 179 0.833 4 2006 斉藤和巳ソフトバンク 18 1.75 205 0.783 5 5 2010 前田健太広島 15 2.21 174 3

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25 a triple crown holder in major baseball in 2012

Miguel Cabrera (Detroit Tigers)

since 1965 home runs: 44

runs batted in: 139 batting average: 0.330

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26

The term treble or Treble is used in association football to refer to a team winning three trophies in a single season. Honours usually considered to constitute a

treble are the top-tier domestic league competition, domestic cup competitions, and continental tournaments. Trophies which consist of a single match or two-leg competition (e.g. the FA Community Shield and UEFA Super Cup) are generally not counted as part of a treble.

International trebles (but not in a single season)

France won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, the UEFA Euro 2000, and the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup

Brazil won the 2002 FIFA World Cup, the 2004 Copa América, and the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup

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27 "triple crown" in science

Q

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28 "triple crown" in science

Q

What is triple crown in science?

"Name" is recorded in

an award, e.g. Nobel Prize name of reaction or principle unit

name of societies or journals adjective

Q

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29 "triple crown" in science

Q

What is triple crown in science?

"Name" is recorded in

Q

Who is/are "triple crown" in science?

Maria Skłodowska-Curie (1867-1934), Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Michel Faraday (1791-1867), Isaac Newton (1642-1727), Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947)

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30 "triple crown" in science

Q

What is triple crown in science?

"Name" is recorded in

Q

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31 "triple crown" in science

Q

What is triple crown in science?

"Name" is recorded in

an award, e.g. Nobel Prize 1932 in Chemistry

name of reaction or principle ... isotherm/...-Blodgett film

unit Langmuir, a unit of "exposure"

name of societies or journals Langmuir

adjective Langmuirian

Q

Who is quintuple crown in science?

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32 The Solvay Conferences on Physics

The 5th conference "Radiation theory and quantum" was organized by Solvay and Nernst, who was a supervisor of Langmuir. Langmuir and Lewis proposed "Octet Model" of

chemical bonds. 1 2 ₃ ₄ 5 6 7 28 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 17 16 19 20 22 25 26 18 21 23 24 27 29 15

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33 The Solvay Conferences on Physics

The 5th conference "Radiation theory and quantum" was organized by Solvay and Nernst, who was a supervisor of Langmuir. Langmuir and Lewis proposed "Octet Model" of

chemical bonds.

Langm

uir

Pranck

Curie Lorentz Einstein Langevin

Schraedinger Pauli Heisenberg

Debye _Knudsen _Bragg _Bohr

Born

de Broglie

Compton

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34 Lewis-Langmuir theory

assuming "octet" and put electrons at the corners

bonds are made to fill up the corners

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35 Lewis-Langmuir theory

Hydrogen cannot fill up all the corners impossible to show triple bonds

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36 a scientific journal, Langmuir

published by the American Chemical Society in the field of surface, interface and colloids (physical chemistry)

Langmuir ranks #2 in citations out of 121 journals in the category of Physical Chemistry with 84,792 total

citations. The journal received an ISI Impact Factor of 3.898, and published 2,000 articles in 2009*.

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37 Langmuir-Blodgett films

developing molecules having hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

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38 going out of a light bulb

General Electric (GE), founded by Thomas Edison, developed and manufactured light bulbs with tungsten filaments.

Tungsten is less volatile due to its high melting point (3407 deg C) and shows high electric resistivity; a good material for filaments.

"Impurity" in a bulb leads to going out.

Q

Why light bulbs with a tungsten filament goes out?

What is the impurity?

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39 going out of a light bulb

General Electric (GE), founded by Thomas Edison, developed and manufactured light bulbs with tungsten filaments.

Tungsten is less volatile due to its high melting point (3407 deg C) and shows high electric resistivity.

"Impurity" in a bulb leads to going out

A

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40 Langmuir cycle

W H₂O WO₃ H₂ WO₃ W

• Water, impurity, is adsorbed on tungsten surface and leads to formation of tungsten oxide (low melting point) and hydrogen.

• Volatilization of tungsten oxide to be deposited on an inner glass face. • Reaction of tungsten oxide with hydrogen produces water leaving

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41 contribution of Langmuir

research work in GE

He found that adsorption of water should be avoided and that filling up inert gas, e.g., argon is effective.

considered correlations between pressure of gas and amount of adsorption, leading to "Langmuir isotherm"

Langmuir's theory on adsorption

• applicable to almost all adsorptions, especially those occurring in liquid phase

• can be derived theoretically

• often combined with kinetic equation for catalytic (photocatalytic) reactions

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42 adsorption isotherms named after proposers

Q

Which is a Langmuir isotherm?

amount of adsorption equilibrium pressure/concentration equilibrium pressure/concentration A B C D Henry Langmuir Freundlich Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

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43 three assumptions for derivation of Langmuir eq.

• All the adsorption sites are same in quality, i.e., strength of

capturing an adsorbate is constant

• Only one adsorbate is adsorbed by one site.

• There is no interaction between sites, i.e., adsorption not

influenced by adsorption of neighboring sites

des. ads. des. ads. V V O O O V

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44 adsorption equilibrium

adsorption equilibrium:

same rates of adsorption and desorption

Adsorption rate depends on (1) concentration in bulk and (2) number (density) of vacant sites (V)

Desorption rate depends on number (density) of occupied sites (O).

des. ads. des. ads. V V O O O V

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45 Q: Derive the Langmuir isotherm.

Same rate of adsorption and desorption at equilibrium

rate of adsorption:

r

_a

=

rate of desorption:

r

_d

=



=KC/(1 + KC )

vacant site: [v], occupied site: [o], coverage = [o]/([v] + [o]), concentration at equilibrium: C, rate constants: k_a and k_d, adsorption equilibrium constant: K =

k_a/k_d

k

_a

[v]C

k

_d

[o]

k

_a

[v]C = k

_d

[o]

k

_a

C

[v]/([v]+[o]) = k

_d

[o]/([v]+[o])

k

_a

C

(1 -



) = k

_d



KC

(1 -



) =



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46 today's topic = what is the goal of scientists

triple crown

(1) simple and easily understandable (2) open for everybody

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47 comments on this lecture and question

Please send email in Japanese or English within 48 hours

to: [email protected]

subject: me20150611-XXXXXXXX(your id number) me20150611-XXXXXXXX

[email protected] <full name>

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48 sample mail

to: [email protected] subject: me20150611-12345678 me20150611-12345678 [email protected] 大谷文章某教授今日の講義ではなぜ講義名が「分子環境学特論I」なのかはわかりませんでしたが，これからの講義がすこし楽しみです．先生はなんでそんなにモテるんですか．

Microsoft PowerPoint b_BO_Sapporo.ppt [互換モード]

1

2

光触媒のしくみがわかる本/光触媒標準研究法

3

けんきゅう ＜あらいぐまげん＞

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last time topic = grasping in chemistry

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today's topic = what is the goal of scientists

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"triple crown" in baseball

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首位打者

・

最多本塁打

・

最多打点

最多盗塁

・

最多安打

・

最高出塁率

最優秀防御率

・

最多勝利

・

最多奪三振

最高勝率

・

最多完封勝利

Ｑ：野球における三冠王・四冠王・五冠王・六冠王

22

Ｑ： 日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王

23

１９３８秋 中島治康（巨人）

１９６５

野村克也（南海）

１９７３

王貞治（巨人）

１９７４

王貞治（巨人）

１９８２

落合博満（ロッテ）

１９８４

ブーマー（阪急）

１９８５

バース（阪神）/落合博満（ロッテ）

１９８６

バース（阪神）/落合博満（ロッテ）

２００４

松中信彦（ダイエー）

Ｑ： 日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王

24

日本のプロ野球の投手の三/四/五冠王

25

a triple crown holder in major baseball in 2012

Miguel Cabrera (Detroit Tigers)

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International trebles (but not in a single season)

27

"triple crown" in science

Q

28

"triple crown" in science

Q

What is triple crown in science?

"Name" is recorded in

Q

29

"triple crown" in science

Q

What is triple crown in science?

"Name" is recorded in

Q

Who is/are "triple crown" in science?

30

"triple crown" in science

Q

けんきゅう＜あらいぐまげん＞

Ｑ：日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王

１９３８秋中島治康（巨人）

Ｑ：日本のプロ野球における打者の三冠王