Development of High Performance Paper Fabricated with Bamboo Fiber

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Development of High Performance Paper Fabricated with Bamboo Fiber

Hyojin KIM*, Shigeyuki SUZUKI**, Kazuya OKUBO***, Toru FUJII***

(Received February 22, 2010)

The purpose of this study is to develop the paper with high specific elastic modulus. The bamboo fibers were alkali treated after the extraction from young melocanna and dendrocalamus, horaikomachi, horaichiku, and Moso bamboo trees, respectively, in which their age was between 2 months to 4 years old. The differences of mechanical properties and dimensions of single fibers according to the species, parts, age of bamboo were investigated. The effect of the aspect ratio of single fibers on the specific elastic modulus of paper was investigated. Several kinds of pulping methods were examined for extracting single fiber, which have high aspect ratio: (a) Ash treated bamboo fiber, (b) Nitric acid treated bamboo fiber, (c) Steam exploded bamboo fiber, (d) Alkali treated bamboo fiber after steam explosion, (e) Alkali treated bamboo fiber. Finally, the effect of shellac on the specific elastic modulus of paper fabricated with bamboo fibers was discussed. High elastic modulus of single fibers was obtained when relatively young bamboo that included high content of cellulose was selected as the material. High specific elastic modulus of paper was obtained due to the increase of the density of connecting point with fibers in the paper when the fiber with high aspect ratio was extracted from bamboo with alkali treatment. The specific elastic modulus of paper was improved by the addition of shellac in the paper. The addition of particle-like shellac without ethanol as a binder was better than the addition of the shellac lacquer, in which shellac was dissolved in the ethanol for ethanol to disturb hydrogen bond between the fibers in the papermaking process.

-G[YQTFU㧦Bamboo pulp, High performance paper, Specific elastic modulus

ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦┻ߩࡄ࡞ࡊ 㜞ᯏ⢻⚕ Ყ೰ᕈ

┻❫⛽ࠍ↪޿ߚ㜞ᯏ⢻⚕ߩ㐿⊒

㊄ቁ㎾*ޔ㋈ᧁ ⨃ਯ**ޔᄢ┄ ๺਽***ޔ⮮੗ ㅘ***

ߪߓ߼ߦ

⚕ߪઁߩ⚛᧚ߦᲧߴߡ቟ଔߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᄤὼ❫⛽ࠍේ

ᢱߣߔࠆߚ߼ή౏ኂ㧘ౣ↢น⢻ߥ⚛᧚ߣߒߡ߽ᵈ⋡

ߐࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ㧚࿖ㅪ㘩♳ㄘᬺᯏ㑐ߩ⛔⸘ߦࠃࠇ

߫㧘਎⇇ߩ⚕㨯᧼⚕ߩᶖ⾌㊂ߪᐕߦ⚂ ߩഀวߢ Ⴧടߒ㧘 ᐕߦߪ ం࠻ࡦߦߥࠆߣ੍᷹ߐࠇߡ

޿ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘⚕㨯ࡄ࡞ࡊ↥ᬺߢᶖ⾌ߔࠆᧁ᧚ߩ㊂ߪ

᫪ᨋબណ㊂ߩ⚂ ߢ޽ࠅ㧘࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ㒐ᱛߩⷰὐ ߆ࠄ⠨߃ࠆߣᧁ᧚ߦઍࠊࠆ⵾⚕ේᢱߩ⏕଻߇ᕆോߢ

޽ࠆ㧚┻߿ࡑ࠾࡜㤗ߥߤߩ㕖ᧁ᧚❫⛽ߩ⚕᧚߳ߩ೑

↪ߪߎ߁ߒߚᣰ⋓ߥ㔛ⷐߦ╵߃ߟߟ㧘᫪ᨋ⾗Ḯߩ଻

⼔ߣ޿߁⺖㗴ࠍస᦯ߔࠆ᦭ജߥᣇᴺߣߒߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆ 㧚㕖ᧁ᧚❫⛽ߩਛߢ߽┻ߪᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ

*Research and Development Center for Composite Materials, Doshisha University, Kyoto Tel&Fax:075-65-6784, E-mail:hkim@mail.doshisha.ac.jp

**Former graduate student of Doshisha University

***Department of Mechanical Engineering and System, Doshisha University, Kyoto E-mail:kokubo@mail.doshisha.ac.jp, tfujii@mail.doshisha.ac.jp

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ᭂ߼ߡ⼾ንߢ޽ࠅᢙᐕߢᚑ㐳ߔࠆߚ߼ᧁ᧚ߣᲧߴߡ

߽↢↥ᕈ߇㜞ߊ 㧘┻❫⛽ߪᲧᒝᐲ߇㜞޿ߥߤఝࠇ ߚᯏ᪾⊛․ᕈࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆ 㧚߹ߚ☨࿖ߩㄘോ⋭߇

⚂ ⒳㘃ߩᬀ‛ࠍត᳞ߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘┻ߪࠤ࠽ࡈߥߤ ߣ౒ߦ⵾⚕↪ࡃࠗࠝࡑࠬ⾗Ḯߣߒߡ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߎߣ ࠍႎ๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ 㧚ࠬࡇ࡯ࠞߦណ↪ߐࠇ㧘ᣂߚߥ⚕

ߩේᢱߣߒߡ┻߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚

ߒ߆ߒ㧘⚕ߩේᢱߢ޽ࠆ┻න❫⛽ߩ․ᕈ߇᣿ࠄ߆ ߦߐࠇߕߦ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߇⃻⁁ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩ․

ᕈࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒ㧘⚕ߩᯏ᪾⊛․ᕈࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣ ߇಴᧪ࠇ߫㧘ࠃࠅᄙߊߩᎿᬺ⵾ຠߦᔕ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦᯏ᪾⊛․ᕈࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߚ

߼ߦࡃࠗࡦ࠳࡯ࠍᷝടߔࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚࠮࡜

࠶ࠢߪ࡜࠶ࠢࠞࠗࠟ࡜ࡓࠪ߇ಽᴲߔࠆ᮸⢽⁁‛⾰ࠍ

♖⵾ߒߚᾲ⎬ൻᕈߩ⢽⢌㉄♽᮸⢽ߢ޽ࠆ ^㧕㧚ߎߩ࠮

࡜࠶ࠢߪ⚕ߩࠦ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣ೷㧘㔚᳇⛘✼೷߿㘩ຠߩ

ࠦ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣߦ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ^㧕߇㧘⚕ߩࡃࠗࡦ࠳

࡯ߣߒߡ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆႎ๔ߪ╩⠪ߩ⍮ࠆ㒢ࠅߥߊ㧘 ߘߩᷝടߩലᨐࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚

ߘߎߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߪ┻❫⛽ࠍ↪޿ߚ㜞ᕈ⢻⚕

ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂߦࠃࠅ᛽಴ߒ ߚ┻න❫⛽㧔ࡔࡠࠞࡦ࠽㧘࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠࠞ࡜ࡓࠬ㧘ࡎ࠙

࡜ࠗ࠴ࠢ㧘ࡎ࠙࡜ࠗࠦࡑ࠴㧕㧘┻㦂 ࡩ᦬㧘 ࡩ᦬㧘 ᐕ㧘 ᐕ㧘 ᐕએ਄ߩࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢන❫⛽ߩ೰ᕈ߅ ࠃ߮ᒻ⁁ࠍ᷹ቯߒ㧘┻න❫⛽․ᕈߦ෸߷ߔ┻⒳㧘┻

ㇱ૏㧘┻㦂ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘ߘߩන

❫⛽ࠍ↪޿ߡ૞ࠄࠇߚ⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ㧚❫⛽

ࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߦ෸߷ߔ᛽಴ᣇᴺߩ㆑޿ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ᣿ࠄ ߆ߦߒߚ㧚࠮࡜࠶ࠢߩᷝടߦࠃࠆ⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈ߳ߩᓇ

㗀ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㧚

㧞᧚ᢱ෸߮ታ㛎ᣇᴺ ᧚ᢱ

ን჻┻㘃ᬀ‛࿦(ᩣᑼળ␠ࠛࠦࡄ࡟)߆ࠄឭଏߐࠇ ߚ┻㧔ࡔࡠࠞࡦ࠽㧘࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠࠞ࡜ࡓࠬ㧘ࡎ࠙࡜ࠗ࠴

ࠢ㧘ࡎ࠙࡜ࠗࠦࡑ࠴㧕ߣหᔒ␠ᄢቇ੩↰ㄝᩞ࿾ߦ⥄

↢ߔࠆ┻㦂2ࡩ᦬߅ࠃ߮4ࡩ᦬㧘1ᐕ㧘2ᐕ㧘4ᐕએ

਄ߩࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢ㧘ਛ࿖↥ߩ┻ࠍන❫⛽ේᢱߣߒߡ

↪޿ߚ㧚

ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘࠮࡜࠶ࠢ᮸⢽ࠍ┻⚕ౝㇱߢߩࡃࠗࡦ

࠳ߣߒߡ૶↪ߒߚ㧚਄⸥ߦ␜ߔᛞ⚕ߩ㓙ߦߪ㧘ࠛ࠲

ࡁ ࡯ ࡞ਛ ߦ࠮ ࡜ ࠶ࠢ ߇ṁ ⸃ ߐࠇ ߚ࠮ ࡜ ࠶ࠢ ࠾ࠬ

㧔25%Ớᐲ㧕߅ࠃ߮☸ሶ⁁ߩ࠮࡜࠶ࠢ᮸⢽㧔㧔ᩣ㧕ጘ 㒂࠮࡜࠶ࠢ⵾ㅧᚲ⵾㧘JIS-K-5909ߩ4⒳㧕㧘ߩ2⒳㘃 ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ㧚

❫⛽᧤᛽಴ᣇᴺ

┻ߩ❫⛽᧤ߪએਅߩ ⒳㘃ߩ᛽಴ᣇᴺࠍⴕߞߚ㧚 ࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂ

Fig.1. Dimensions of specimen for tensile test of single fiber.

0 5 10 15 20

Melo can

na

Dendrocalamu s

Hor aiko

machi Horaich

iku Mouso

u

Elastic modulus [GPa]

Fig.2. Elastic modulus of single fibers extracted from different kinds of bamboo.

Table 1. Geometries of single fiber extracted from different kinds of bamboo.

Diameter[ȝm]Length[ȝm] Aspect ratio Relative ratio

Melocanna 23.0 1780.8 85 0.56

Dendrocalamus 18.1 1992.9 114 0.75 Horaikomachi 18.2 1949.3 113 0.75

Horaichiku 18.4 2378.5 136 0.89

Mousou 16.4 2312.3 152 1.00

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┻᧚ߩਥᚑಽߢ޽ࠆ࡝ࠣ࠾ࡦ㧘ࡋࡒ࠮࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬࠍ 㒰෰ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂࠍᣉߒߚ㧚OQN Ớᐲ ߩ᳓㉄ൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧࠍ⚂ ͠ߦ଻ߜ ᤨ㑆 ടᾲߒߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘಄᳓ߢචಽߦᵞᵺߒ㧘❫⛽᧤ࠍ

᛽಴ߒߚ㧚

⎣㉄ᴺ

⎣㉄ಣℂߣࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߦࠃࠆࡄ࡞

ࡊ⵾ㅧᴺߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߩ⎣㉄᳓ṁᶧߦᏱ᷷ਅߢ ᣣ㑆 ᶐẃߒߚ㧚಄᳓ߢචಽߦᵞᵺߒߚᓟ㧘ߩ᳓㉄ൻ࠽

࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߦᏱ᷷ਅߢ ᣣ㑆ᶐẃߒ㧘❫⛽᧤ࠍ

᛽಴ߒߚ㧚

Ἧᶐẃᴺ

ᧁ᧚ࠍΆ὾ߐߖߚߣ߈ߦᓧࠄࠇࠆᱷἯࠍ᳓ . ޽ ߚࠅἯ I ౉ࠇߚ᳓ṁᶧߦ㧘޽ࠆ⒟ᐲዊᢿ㕙ൻߒߚ

⍴ౠ⁁ߩ┻ࠍᶐẃߐߖ㧘❫⛽᧤ߩ᛽಴ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ಣ ℂ᧦ઙࠍ ͠㧘/2C㧘 ᤨ㑆ߣߒߚ㧚

῜⎈ಣℂ

ᧁ᧚ߩਥᚑಽߢ޽ࠆ࡝ࠣ࠾ࡦ㧘ࡋࡒ࠮࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬߩ ಽ⸃࡮㒰෰ߦ᦭ലߣߐࠇࠆᣇᴺߩ৻ߟߦ㧘῜⎈ಣℂ ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ㧚㜞᷷㜞࿶᳓⫳᳇ਅߦᧁ᧚ࠍ৻ቯᤨ㑆

଻ᜬߒ㧘⍴ᤨ㑆ߦߘߩ࿶ജࠍ⸃᡼ߔࠆߎߣߢᨵ⚦⢩

߇⎕უߐࠇ㧘ᧁ᧚ߪ❫⛽᧤߹ߢ⸃❫ߐࠇࠆ 㧚ߎ ߩߣ߈㧘࡝ࠣ࠾ࡦ㧘ࡋࡒ࠮࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬߩߺ߇ട᳓ಽ⸃

ߔࠆߣߐࠇࠆ 㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘⌀ⓨട࿶฽ᶐⵝ⟎

ᩣࡗࠬࠫࡑࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ቃቬ┻ࠍ ͠㧘/2C ߩ᧦ઙਅߢ ࿁῜⎈ಣℂߒ㐳❫⛽᧤ࠍᓧߚ㧚

῜⎈ಣℂᓟߦࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂ^㧕

῜⎈ಣℂߦࠃࠅ᛽಴ߐࠇߚ❫⛽᧤ࠍỚᐲ ߩ᳓

㉄ൻ࠽࠻࡝࠙ࡓ᳓ṁᶧߩᴣ㛛ṁᶧਛߢ ಽ㑆ടᾲ ߒߚ㧚ߎࠇࠍ಄᳓ߢචಽߦᵞᵺߒ㧘┻න❫⛽ࠍᓧߚ㧚㪉㪅㪊䊌䊦䊒ൻ෸䈶⵾⚕ᣇᴺ㩷

ߦ␜ߒߚᣇᴺߢ᛽಴ߒߚ❫⛽᧤߆ࠄන❫⛽ࠍ ᓧࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ḨᑼⅣႺਅߦߡ᳢↪ᡬᜈᯏࠍ↪޿ߡᯏ

᪾⊛ߦ❫⛽᧤ࠍන❫⛽ߦ⸃❫ߒߚ

┻ ❫ ⛽ ࠍ " ߩ ᳓ ਛ ߢ ᡬ ᜈ ߒ ߚ ᓟ 㧘⽶ ࿶ ജ 㧔/2C㧕ߩ߽ߣߢࠈㆊߒߚࠈㆊߒߚḨ⚕ࠍࡎ࠶

࠻ ࡊ ࡟ࠬ ⵝ⟎ 㧔 ᴡਛ ↥ᬺ ⵾ 㧦ട ᾲ⋚ ᴤ ࿶ᚑ ဳᯏ

*2*$*㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡ ͠㧘 ಽ㑆㧘/2C ߢ ࡊ࡟ࠬᚑᒻߒߚ

㪉㪅㪋㩷 ⹜㛎ᣇᴺ㩷 න❫⛽ߩᒁᒛ⹜㛎

ዊኈ㊂ᒁᒛ⹜㛎ᯏ㧔'\VGUVቯᩰ 0㧘ፉᵤ⵾

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Melocanna Dendr

ocalam us

Horai kom

achi Horaichik

u Mous

ou

Specific Elastic modulus [GPa]

Fig.3. Specific elastic modulus of the paper fabricated with fibers extracted from different kinds of bamboo.

0 5 10 15 20

2 months 4 months 1 year 2 years over 4 years

Fig.4. Elastic modulus of single fibers with respect to age.

Table 2. Geometries of single fiber according to different age of bamboo.

Diameter[ȝm]Length[ȝm] Aspect ratio Relative ratio Mousou 2 months 14.1 2256.8 162 1.07 Mousou 4 months 14.8 2267.8 154 1.02 Mousou 1 year old 16.4 2312.3 152 1.00 Mousou 2 years old 16.6 2295.3 142 0.94 Mousou over 4 years old 18.0 2156.9 122 0.80

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૞ᚲ⵾㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚ⹜㛎 ᒻ⁁ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚ᄌ૏

ㅦᐲࠍ OOOKP ߣߒߚធ⌕೷ߦߪࠛࡐࠠࠪ♽ធ⌕

೷ࠍ↪޿㧘ਔធ⌕ὐ㑆ߩ❫⛽ࠍ㧘ធ⌕ᤨߦ⋡ⷞߢㅢ

⋥ߦ଻ߜ㧘ߨߓࠇߥߤ߇↢ߓߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦචಽߦᵈᗧ ߒߚ㧚ᡰᜬ૕ࠍ⹜㛎ᯏߩ࠴ࡖ࠶ࠢߦࠢ࡜ࡦࡊߒߚ ᓟ㧘⹜㛎 ߩㅪ⚿ㇱಽߩࠢ࡝࠶ࡊࠍߪߕߒ㧘⹜㛎ࠍ ⴕߞߚ㧚ᰴᑼࠍ↪޿ߡࡗࡦࠣ₸ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚

2

E PL L rS '

'

ߎߎߢT ߪ❫⛽ߩඨᓘ㧘. ߪᒁᒛ⹜㛎 ߦ⾍ઃߒ ߚ❫⛽ߩធ⌕ὐ㑆ߩࠬࡄࡦ㐳ߐߢ޽ࠅ㧘Ǎ2 ߅ࠃ߮

Ǎ. ߪ⩄㊀㧙િ߮ᦛ✢ߩ⋥✢ㇱಽߩ⩄㊀Ꮕߣߘࠇߦ ኻᔕߔࠆᄌ૏Ꮕߢ޽ࠆ㧚

❫⛽ᒻ⁁᷹ቯ

శቇ㗼ᓸ㏜㧔8*㧘-';'0%'㧕ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ขࠅ಴

ߒߚන❫⛽ߩ❫⛽㐳෸߮❫⛽⋥ᓘߩන❫⛽ᒻ⁁ߩ᷹

ቯࠍⴕߞߚ㧚❫⛽⋥ᓘࠍ ὐ᷹ቯߒ㧘ߘߩᐔဋ୯ࠍ

❫⛽⋥ᓘߣߒߚ㧚ߎࠇࠃࠅࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყ㧔❫⛽㐳

⋥ᓘ㧕ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚

⚕ߩᒁᒛ⹜㛎

ᓧࠄࠇࠆ⚕ ߆ࠄ OOOO ߩ⍴ౠ⁁ߩ⹜㛎 ࠍಾࠅ಴ߒ㧘ߎࠇߦᄌ૏ㅦᐲ OOOKP ߩ߽ߣߢᒁᒛ ࠅ⩄㊀ࠍ⽶⩄ߒߚ㧚⹜㛎ᯏߦߪዊኈ㊂ᒁᒛ⹜㛎ᯏ 㧔'\VGUVቯᩰ 0㧘ፉᵤ⵾૞ᚲ⵾㧕ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚

⋧ኻ⚿᥏ൻᐲߩ᷹ቯ^㧕

᛽಴ߐࠇߚ❫⛽ߩ࠮࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬ⚿᥏ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧߩᄌൻ ࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘: ✢࿁᛬ᴺߦࠃࠅߘߩ

⋧ኻ⚿᥏ൻᐲࠍ⺞ߴߚ㧚ᚲቯߩ᧦ઙߢᚑᒻߒߚ⚕߆ ࠄ OO ߩ⹜㛎 ࠍಾࠅ಴ߒߚ㧚⹜㛎᧦ઙߪ▤㔚

࿶ M8㧘▤㔚ᵹ O#㧘ǰq`qߩ▸࿐㧘ࠨ ࡦࡊ࡝ࡦࠣ㑆㓒 qߢ޽ߞߚ㧚⹜ᢱߩ⋧ኻ⚿᥏ൻ ᐲߪᓧࠄࠇߚ࿁᛬ᒝᐲᦛ✢ߩ߆ࠄ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ㕙Ⓧ

ᴺߢ▚಴ߒߚ㧚

⋧ኻ⚿᥏ൻᐲ㨧⚿᥏㗔ၞߩ㕙Ⓧ㧔⚿᥏㗔ၞߩ㕙

Ⓧ㕖᥏㗔ၞߩ㕙Ⓧ㧕㨩

☼ᒢᕈ⹜㛎

☼ᒢᕈ᷹ቯⵝ⟎㧔&/5㧦࠮ࠗࠦ࡯ࠗࡦࠬ࠷࡞ࡔ ࡦ࠷㧕ࠍ૶↪ߒ㧘ᄌ૏೙ᓮߦߡ *\ ߩ➅ࠅ㄰ߒਔᝄ ࠅ⩄㊀ࠍ⹜㛎 ߦ⽶⩄ߒߚ㧚᣹᷷ㅦᐲࠍ ͠OKP ߣ ߒߚ㧚᷷ᐲߩ᷹ቯ▸࿐ࠍ͠߆ࠄ ͠ߣߒߚ㧚᧚ ᢱߩ⾂⬿ᒢᕈ₸ '̉㧘៊ᄬᒢᕈ₸ '̍߅ࠃ߮៊ᄬᱜធ VCPǬࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘⾂⬿ᒢᕈ₸ࠍ⹜㛎 ߩኒ ᐲߢഀࠆߎߣߢᲧ೰ᕈࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚

⚕⴫㕙ߩធὐᢙߩ᷹ቯ

5KIOC5ECP2TQ52557-5WTTG[7-ࠍ૶↪

Content of cellulose [%]

Fig.5. Elastic modulus of single fiber with respect to content of included cellulose.

Table 3. Crystallinity of bamboo fiber according to different age of bamboo.

Material Crystallinity[%]

2months 62.9

4months 61.6

1year 60.5

2years 59.5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

2 months4 months 1 year 2 years over 4 years

Fig.6. Specific elastic modulus of the paper with respect to age of bamboo.

(5)

ߒ㧘⇣ߥߞߚ࠮࡜࠶ࠢ฽᦭₸ࠍᜬߟ⚕⴫㕙ߩ 5'/ ↹

௝߆ࠄ⚕⴫㕙ߩ✚ធὐᢙ߅ࠃ߮❫⛽ߩߺߩធὐᢙࠍ

᷹ቯߒߚ㧚࠮࡜࠶ࠢ฽᦭₸ߩ⚕⴫㕙ߩ 5'/ ↹௝ࠍߘ ࠇߙࠇ ᨎߕߟ᷹ቯߒ㧘ߘߩᐔဋ୯ࠍធὐᢙߣߒߚ㧚

䋳䋮⚿ᨐ䈍䉋䈶⠨ኤ㩷

㪊㪅㪈㩷 ┻⚕䈱Ყ೰ᕈ䈮෸䈿䈜┻⒳䈱ᓇ㗀㩷

⚕ߩ⻉‛ᕈࠍ᳿߼ࠆਥⷐߥ࿃ሶߪ㧘⚕ጀߩ᭴ᚑⷐ

⚛ߢ޽ࠆࡄ࡞ࡊߩᕈ⾰ߣࡄ࡞ࡊ߇ᒻᚑߔࠆ⚕ጀ᭴ㅧ ߩ ߟߦᄢ೎ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘߹ߕᆎ߼ߦࡄ࡞ࡊߩ ᕈ⾰ߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆ㧚න❫⛽‛ᕈ୯ߣ❫⛽㑆⚿วࠍᒻᚑ ߔࠆ⢻ജ߇㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⚕ጀ᭴ㅧ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠍᡰ㈩ ߒ⚕ߩ⻉‛ᕈࠍ᳿߼ࠆ㧚❫⛽ߩ㐳ߐ߿⋥ᓘ㧘ࠕ

ࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყ㧔❫⛽㐳⋥ᓘ㧕ߥߤߪߘࠇࠄࠍ↪޿ߡ૞

⵾ߐࠇࠆ⚕ߩᕈ⾰ߣኒធߥ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘┻⚕

ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ߽ߣߣߥࠆ┻න❫⛽ߩᯏ᪾⊛․ᕈࠍᛠី

ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ▵ߢߪ㧘┻ߩ⒳㘃ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃ ࠅන❫⛽ߩ․ᕈ߿ߘࠇࠍ↪޿ߡ૞⵾ߐࠇߚ⚕ߩᲧ೰

ᕈߦ෸߷ߔᓇ㗀ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚

ฦ⒳ߩ┻ࠍ↪޿ߘࠇࠍࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂߦࠃߞߡ᛽಴

ߒߚන❫⛽ߩ⋥ᓘ߅ࠃ߮❫⛽㐳ࠍ⴫ ߦ␜ߔ㧚⴫ਛ ߢߪ㧘ࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߩ㆑޿߽หᤨߦ␜ߒߚ㧚ࡔࡠࠞ

ࡦ࠽߅ࠃ߮ࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢࠃࠅ᛽಴ߐࠇߚ❫⛽ߩ⋥ᓘ ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ ߅ࠃ߮ OO ߣߥߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘 ߘࠇࠄߩ❫⛽㐳ߪߘࠇߙࠇ ߅ࠃ߮ Ǵ㨙ߣ ߥߞߚ㧚ࡔࡠࠞࡦ࠽ߪ❫⛽ᓘ߇ᄢ߈ߊ❫⛽㐳߇⍴޿

┻᧚ᢱߢ޽ࠅ㧘ኻ⒓⊛ߦࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢߪ❫⛽ᓘ߇ዊ

ߐߊ㧘❫⛽㐳߇㐳޿┻᧚ᢱߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚

┻⒳ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃߞߡ❫⛽ᓘߪ⇣ߥࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚

⇣ߥߞߚ⒳㘃ߩ┻ࠃࠅขࠅ಴ߒߚ❫⛽ߩᒢᕈ₸ߩ

㆑޿ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚ᾲᏪ↥ߩࡔࡠࠞࡦ࠽߿࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠ

ࠞ࡜ࡓࠬࠃࠅ᛽಴ߐࠇߚන❫⛽ߩᒢᕈ₸ࠃࠅ߽᷷Ꮺ

↥ߩࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢ߆ࠄ᛽಴ߐࠇߚߘࠇߩ߶߁߇㜞ߊ ߥߞߚ㧚

⇣ߥߞߚ⒳㘃ߩ┻ࠃࠅขࠅ಴ߒߚ❫⛽ࠍ↪޿ߡ૞

⵾ߒߚ┻⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߩ㆑޿ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚᷷Ꮺ↥ߩ ࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢࠃࠅขࠅ಴ߒߚ❫⛽ࠍ↪޿ߡ૞⵾ߐࠇ ߚ⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߪ㜞ߊߥߞߚ㧚ㆊ෰ߩ⎇ⓥߢ࠮࡞ࡠ࡯

ࠬᕈࠪ࡯࠻ߩ೰ᕈࠍᡰ㈩ߔࠆⷐ⚛ߣߒߡᰴߩ ὐ߇

᜼ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ^㧕㧚Ԙࡈࠖࡉ࡝࡞⥄りߩᒢᕈ₸㧚ԙ ࡈࠖࡉ࡝࡞ߩࠞ࡯࡞㧘ᝦࠇ㧘᛬ࠇᦛ߇ࠅ㧚Ԛࡈࠖࡉ

࡝࡞㑆ߩ⚿ว㧔⚿วᢙ㧘⚿ว㕙Ⓧ߇ᄙ޿߶ߤ㧘߹ߚ㧘

0.92

Tropical

Subtropical Temperate

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0

Specific Elastic modulus of paper[GPa]

Aspect ratio of single fiber

Melocanna Dendrocalamus Horaikomachi Horaichiku Mousou 2 months Mousou 4 months Mousou 1 year Mousou 2 years old Mousou over 4 years old High-Outer part High-Inner part Low-Outer part Low-Inner part Softwood

Fig.7. Relationship between aspect ratio of single fiber and specific elastic modulus of paper.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0

Specific elastic modulus of paper [GPa]

Aspect ratio of single fiber

Ash Nitric acid Steam explosion Steam explosion Alkali Alkali

Fig.8. Relationship between aspect ratio of single fiber and specific elastic modulus of paper fabricated with bamboo fibers extracted with various method.

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Water Shellac ethanol

Fig.9. Effect of addition of shellac on specific elastic modulus of paper.

(6)

⚿วᒝᐲ߇ᄢ߈޿߶ߤᒢᕈ₸ߪᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ㧕㧚೰ᕈߩ 㜞޿⚕ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ႐ว㧘න❫⛽⥄りߩᒢᕈ₸߇㜞޿௑

ะࠍ␜ߔ᷷Ꮺ↥ߩ┻߆ࠄ᛽಴ߒߚ❫⛽߇ㆡಾߢ޽ࠆ ߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚

㪊㪅㪉㩷 ⚕䈱Ყ೰ᕈ䈮෸䈿䈜┻㦂䈱ᓇ㗀㩷

┻㦂ߩ⇣ߥࠆ┻ࠃࠅขࠅ಴ߒߚ┻❫⛽ߩ⋥ᓘ߅ࠃ

߮❫⛽㐳ࠍ⴫ ߦ␜ߔ㧚⴫ਛߢߪ㧘ࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߩ

㆑޿߅ࠃ߮ ᐕ↢ࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢࠃࠅขࠅ಴ߒߚ❫⛽

ߩᐔဋࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻ᲧࠍၮḰߣߒߚ⋧ኻᲧ߽␜ߒߚ㧚

┻㦂ߩ⧯޿┻߆ࠄขࠅ಴ߒߚ❫⛽߶ߤ㜞ࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻

Ყߣߥࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘┻㦂 ࡩ᦬㧘 ࡩ

᦬ߩ┻ߩන❫⛽⋥ᓘߪઁߩߘࠇߣᲧߴߡዊߐߊߥߞ ߚ㧚┻ߢߪᚑ㐳ߣ౒ߦౝㇱߩ⚵❱᭴ㅧ߇ᄌൻߒ㧘޽

ࠆ৻ቯߩ┻㦂ߦ㆐ߔࠆߣ┻ౝㇱߩ⚵❱᭴ㅧߪ቟ቯߔ ࠆ㧚ㆊ෰ߩ⎇ⓥ߆ࠄ㧘න❫⛽⋥ᓘ߇ዊߐߊߥࠆߩߪ

❫⛽⚦⢩⤑߇⭯ߊ㧘❫⛽ߩಽ㔌ߦ㓙ߒ⤑߇෼❗ߒߚ ߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆߣႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ^㧕㧚┻㦂 ࡩ᦬߹ߢߩ

┻߆ࠄขࠅ಴ߒߚ┻න❫⛽ߢߪ❫⛽⚦⢩⤑߇⢈ෘߒ ߡ޿ߥ޿ߚ߼ߦ㧘⚦⢩⤑߇෼❗ߒ㧘❫⛽ᓘ߇ዊߐߊ ߥߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚┻㦂߇⇣ߥߞߚ႐วߩන❫⛽ߩᒢ ᕈ₸ߩ㆑޿ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚┻㦂 ࡩ᦬ߣ┻㦂 ࡩ᦬

ߩ┻ࠃࠅขࠅ಴ߒߚන❫⛽ߩᒢᕈ₸ߪ౒ߦ㜞ߊߥߞ ߚ㧚⇣ߥࠆ┻㦂ࠍᜬߟ┻߆ࠄขࠅ಴ߒߚන❫⛽ߩ࠮

࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬ฽᦭₸ߣᒢᕈ₸ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚࠮

࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬ฽᦭₸ߦන❫⛽ᒢᕈ₸ߪଐሽߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ ߆ߞߚ㧚⴫ ߦ┻㦂ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃࠆ⋧ኻ⚿᥏ൻᐲߩᄌ ൻࠍ␜ߔ㧚⧯޿┻ࠃࠅขࠅ಴ߒߚ┻❫⛽ߩ࠮࡞ࡠ࡯

ࠬ฽᦭₸߇ᄙߊߥߞߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘⧯޿┻ࠃࠅขࠅ಴ߒ ߚ┻❫⛽ߦࠃߞߡᛞ⚕ߐࠇߚ⚕ߩ⋧ኻ⚿᥏ൻᐲߪ㜞 ߊߥߞߚ㧚⇣ߥࠆᐕ㦂ߩ┻ࠃࠅขࠅ಴ߒߚන❫⛽ࠍ

↪޿ߡ૞⵾ߒߚ┻⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߩ㆑޿ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚

┻㦂ߩ⧯޿┻ࠃࠅ᛽಴ߒߚන❫⛽߆ࠄ૞⵾ߒߚ┻⚕

ߩᲧ೰ᕈߪ⧯ᐓ㜞ߊߥߞߚ㧚┻㦂 ࡩ᦬㧘 ࡩ᦬ߩ

⧯޿┻ࠃࠅ᛽಴ߒߚන❫⛽ߦߪ⚿᥏ᕈߩ࠮࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬ

ߩ฽᦭₸߇⋧ኻ⊛ߦᄙߊ㧘ᒢᕈ₸߇㜞ߊߥߞߚߣ⸒

߃ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢᵈᗧߔߴ߈ὐߪ ᐕ↢ࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢߩ න❫⛽ߩ❫⛽ᓘߪᧄ▵ౝߩ ᐕ↢ࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢߩߘ ࠇࠃࠅዊߐߊߥߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘❫⛽ߩࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߪ ߘࠇࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߚ㧚┻ߩ⒳㘃ߦࠃߞߡ⋧㆑ߔ ࠆߩߪ൩⺰ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ห৻┻⒳ߦߟ޿ߡ߽↢⢒ⅣႺ㧘

࿾ਅ⨍ߩᐕ㦂㧘બណᤨᦼߦࠃࠅ⋧㆑ߒ㧘Ყセ⊛୘૕

Ꮕ߇ᄢ߈޿ߚ߼ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㆑޿߇↢ߓߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆ㧚

㪊㪅㪊㩷 න❫⛽䉝䉴䊕䉪䊃Ყ䈱㆑䈇䈮䉋䉎┻⚕䈱Ყ೰ᕈ䈱 ᄌൻ㩷

⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߣߘߩන❫⛽ߩࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߣߩ㑐ଥ ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚᷷Ꮺ↥ߩ┻߆ࠄ᛽಴ߐࠇߚ❫⛽ߩࠕ

ࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߪᄢ߈ߊ㧘ࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߩᄢ߈޿❫⛽ࠍ

↪޿ࠆ߶ߤ⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߪ㜞ߊߥߞߚ㧚ߘࠇࠄߩ⋧㑐 ଥᢙߪ ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚

Ꮟࠄߪࡑ࠶࠻⁁ߦᚑᒻߒߚ࠮࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬ❫⛽ಽᢔ

♽ߦ߅޿ߡ )MEǩߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆߣߒߚ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘)㧦

⾂⬿ᒢᕈ₸㧘M㧦ࡈࡠࡦ࠻ࡈࠔࠢ࠲࡯㧘E㧦❫⛽Ớᐲ㧘 ǩ㧦ቯᢙߢ޽ࠆ㧚❫⛽ߩࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߩᄌൻߦࠃࠆ

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Water Shellac ethanol Shellac particle

Content of shellac 30wt%

Fig.10. Effect of addition of shellac particle on specific elastic modulus of paper.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Content of shellac [wt%]

Tensile strength [MPa]

Fig.11. Tensile strength with respect to weight content of shellac.

(7)

ᓇ㗀ߪࡈࡠࡦ࠻ࡈࠔࠢ࠲࡯M ߩߺߦ⃻ࠇࠆߣߒ㧘M ߪ❫⛽ߩゲᲧߩ ਸ਼ߦᲧ଀ߔࠆߣ␜ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘❫

⛽ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩᕈ⾰ࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘❫⛽

ᧄ޽ߚࠅߩធ⸅ὐᢙ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠅ㧘-QOQTK߇❫⛽

ࠍⓍጀߒߚߣ߈ߩធ⸅⏕₸ࠍ⠨߃㧘න૏૕Ⓧ޽ߚࠅ ߩ❫⛽ធ⸅ὐᢙߪ❫⛽ߩ⋥ᓘߦᲧ଀ߒ❫⛽㐳ߐߩ ਸ਼ߦᲧ଀ߔࠆߣߒߚ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘❫⛽ߩࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყ ߇㜞޿ߚ߼ߦ❫⛽ ᧄ޽ߚࠅߩធ⸅ὐᢙ߇Ⴧടߒ㧘

❫⛽ߩᄌᒻࠍᛥ೙ߒ⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߪ㜞ߊߥߞߚߣ⸒߃ ࠆ㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘ᛞ⚕ߒߚ┻⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߩਥߥᄌൻߪ㧘

᛽಴ߒߚ┻❫⛽ߩࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߩ㆑޿ߦࠃࠆߣᕁࠊ ࠇࠆ㧚

㪊㪅㪋㩷 න❫⛽ᒻ⁁䈍䉋䈶┻⚕䈱ᯏ᪾⊛․ᕈ䈮෸䈿䈜᛽

಴ᣇᴺ䈱㆑䈇䈱ᓇ㗀㩷

Ἧᶐẃᴺ㧘⎣㉄ᴺ㧘῜⎈ಣℂᴺ㧘῜⎈ಣℂᓟߩࠕ

࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂߦࠃࠅ᛽಴ߐࠇߚ❫⛽ߩ ࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߣ┻⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߩ㑐ଥࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚

┻❫⛽ߩࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߪ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂࠍߒߚ႐ว ߇ᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߊ㧘Ἧᶐẃᴺࠍߒߚ႐วߦ߽ᦨ߽ዊߐߊ ߥߞߚ㧚Ἧᶐẃᴺߦࠃࠅ᛽಴ߐࠇߚࡄ࡞ࡊߪ߶߷න

❫⛽ߦ⸃❫ߐࠇߚ߽ߩ㧘❫⛽᧤ߩ߹߹ߩ߽ߩ߇޽ࠅ㧘 ࡄ࡞ࡊൻ߇ਇቢోߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘❫⛽ߩࠕࠬ

ࡍࠢ࠻Ყߩૐਅࠍ᜗޿ߚ㧚ᧄታ㛎⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘㜞ࠕࠬ

ࡍࠢ࠻Ყࠍ᦭ߔࠆ❫⛽ࠍ᛽಴ߔࠆߦߪࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂ ᴺ߇ㆡಾߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚

㪊㪅㪌㩷 ┻⚕䈱Ყ೰ᕈ䈮෸䈿䈜䉶䊤䉾䉪ᷝട䈱ലᨐ㩷 Ḩ⚕ߦ࠮࡜࠶ࠢ࠾ࠬࠍࠬࡐࠗ࠻ࠍ↪޿ߡဋ৻ߦᶐ ㅘߐߖ㧘೨ㅀߣห᭽ߩᚑᒻᴺߦࠃࠅ⚕ࠍᚑᒻߒߚ㧚

࠮࡜࠶ࠢᷝടߩലᨐߢߪਛ࿖↥ߩ┻߆ࠄࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝

ಣℂߦࠃߞߡ᛽಴ߐࠇߚ┻❫⛽ࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚࿑ ߦ࠮

࡜࠶ࠢࠛ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞ߩᷝടߦࠃࠆ⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈ߳ߩലᨐ ࠍ␜ߔ㧚࠮࡜࠶ࠢ࠾ࠬࠍ↪޿ߡᚑᒻߐࠇߚ⚕ߩᲧ೰

ᕈߪ࠮࡜࠶ࠢࠍᷝടߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߘࠇߣᲧߴߡዊߐ ߊߥߞߚ㧚ߎߩේ࿃ߣߒߡ࠮࡜࠶ࠢ࠾ࠬਛߩࠛ࠲ࡁ

࡯࡞߇᳓⚛⚿วࠍ㒖ኂߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚

❫⛽㑆〒㔌߇ዊߐߊߥࠄߥߌࠇ߫㧘❫⛽ห჻ߦߪߘ ߩ᳓⚛⚿วߪ⿠ߎࠄߥ޿㧚⣕᳓ߐࠇߡ޿ߊᤨߩࡄ࡞

ࡊጀ㑆〒㔌 4 ࠍ⠨߃ߡߺࠆ㧚ߎߩᤨߩࡄ࡞ࡊߣṁᶧ

ߣߩធ⸅ⷺࠍǰ㧘ṁᶧߩ⴫㕙ᒛജࠍǫ㧘4 ࠍജ߇૞

↪ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ᤨߩ⚕ጀ㑆〒㔌㧘O ࠍቯᢙߣߔࠆߣ㧘4 ߪᰴᑼߢ⴫ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ^㧕㧚

ߎߎߢ㧘᳓߅ࠃ߮ࠛ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞ߩ⴫㕙ᒛജǫߪ㧘ߘ ࠇߙࠇ O0O ߅ࠃ߮ O0O ߢ޽ࠆ^㧕㧚߹ߚ㧘

❫⛽⴫㕙ߦߪ᳓㉄ၮ߇޽ࠅ᳓ߣ⋧ᕈ߇ࠃߊ㧘ߘߩធ

⸅ⷺߪࠛ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞ߩߘࠇߣᲧߴߡዊߐ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆ㧚એ਄ߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ࠛ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞ߩጀ㑆〒㔌ࠍዊߐ ߊߔࠆജߣᲧߴߡ᳓ߩߘࠇߪ߅߅ࠃߘ ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

࠮࡜࠶ࠢ࠾ࠬਛߩࠛ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞߇❫⛽㑆ߩጀ㑆〒㔌ࠍ ᄢ߈ߊߒ㧘❫⛽㑆ߩ᳓⚛⚿วࠍ㒖ኂߒߚߚ߼⚕ߩᲧ

೰ᕈߪૐਅߒߚߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚

ߘߎߢߘߩ᳓⚛⚿วࠍᅹߍࠆߎߣߩߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ㧘

☸ሶ⁁ߩ࠮࡜࠶ࠢࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚☸ሶ⁁࠮࡜࠶ࠢࠍᡬᜈ

ᤨߦ┻ࡄ࡞ࡊߣᷙߗ㧘⚕ࠍᚑᒻߒߚ㧚࿑ ߦ☸ሶ⁁

࠮࡜࠶ࠢߩᷝടߦࠃࠆ⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈ߳ߩലᨐࠍ␜ߔ㧚

☸ሶ⁁࠮࡜࠶ࠢࠍᷝടߒߚ႐ว㧘ᷝടࠍߒߥ޿ߣ߈ ߣᲧߴߡ⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈ߇⚂ ะ਄ߒߚ㧚

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

-50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature [㷄]

Specific Elastic modulus [GPa] ^Pulp-onlyShellac20wt%

Shellac50wt%

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12

-50 0 50 100 150 200

Temperature [㷄]

tanį

Pulp-only Shellac20wt%

Shellac50wt%

Fig.12. Viscoelastic properties of papers added shellac.

0 0

R R cos

R m

J T

ଔ

(8)

㪊㪅㪎㩷 ┻⚕䈱ᒁᒛᒝᐲ䈮෸䈿䈜䉶䊤䉾䉪ᷝട䈱ലᨐ㩷 ߥ߅ߎߎߢ㧘਎⇇ߩ⚕㨯᧼⚕ߩᶖ⾌㊂ߪᐕޘჇടߒ ߡ߅ࠅ㧘࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻ㒐ᱛߩὐ߆ࠄᧁ᧚ߦઍࠊࠆ⵾⚕

ේᢱߩ⏕଻߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩਛߢ߽᧼⚕Ბࡏ࡯

࡞߳ߩઍᦧේᢱߣߒߡߩ┻❫⛽ߩน⢻ᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߒ ߚ㧚

࿑ ߦ☸ሶ⁁࠮࡜࠶ࠢ฽᦭₸ߣ⚕ߩᒁᒛᒝᐲߣ ߩ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ㧚☸ሶ⁁࠮࡜࠶ࠢߩᷝടߦࠃࠅ⚕ߩᒁ ᒛᒝᐲ߇ะ਄ߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘YV એ਄ᷝടߒߚ⚕ߩᒁᒛᒝᐲߪᷝടࠍߒߡ޿ߥ޿⚕ߩ ߘࠇߣᲧߴߡዊߐߊߥߞߚ㧚

┻⚕ߩ☼ᒢᕈ․ᕈߦ෸߷ߔ࠮࡜࠶ࠢᷝടߩᓇ㗀ࠍ

࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚YV࠮࡜࠶ࠢࠍ฽᦭ߒߚ┻⚕ߩᲧ೰

ᕈߪ ͠ઃㄭߢᕆỗߦᷫዋߒߚ㧚͠ߩ᧦ઙߢߪ࠮

࡜࠶ࠢߩエൻὐࠍ⿥߃ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᄌൻ ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘YV࠮࡜࠶ࠢࠍ฽᦭

ߒߚ┻⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߪ ͠ઃㄭߢ⧯ᐓᷫዋߒߚ߇㧘ߘ ߩᓟ㧘᷷ᐲߩ਄᣹ߦ઻޿ߥߛࠄ߆ߦᷫዋߒߚ㧚࠮࡜

࠶ࠢߩ฽᦭₸߇ YVߩߣ߈ߦߪ࿑ Cߦ␜ߔࠃ ߁ߦ⴫㕙ߦߪ❫⛽߇ᄙߊ㧘৻ᣇߢ࠮࡜࠶ࠢ฽᦭₸߇ YVߩߣ߈ߦߪ࿑ Dߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦࡑ࠻࡝࠶ࠢ

ࠬߢⷒࠊࠇߚ┻❫⛽ߩ⴫㕙߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ㧚᷷ᐲߦኻ ߔࠆᯏ᪾⊛․ᕈߩ቟ቯᕈࠍ⠨߃ࠇ߫㧘࠮࡜࠶ࠢߩ฽

᦭₸ߪ YV⒟ᐲ߇ㆡಾߢ޽ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚

Ბࡏ࡯࡞ߪㆇ៝ᤨߦ⎕ࠇߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߚ߼㧘޽ࠆ

⒟ᐲߩᒝᐲ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠅ㧘,+5 ⷙᩰߦࠃߞߡቯ߼ࠄ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᯏ᪾⊛․ᕈߩ቟ቯᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ㧘࠮࡜࠶

ࠢ฽᦭₸߇ YVߩ⚕ࠍᲑࡏ࡯࡞↪ਛߒࠎේ⚕ߦ૶

↪น⢻߆ᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚

࠮ ࡜ ࠶ ࠢ ฽ ᦭ ₸ ߇ YV ߩ ┻ ⚕ ߩ ᒁ ᒛ ᒝ ᐲ ߪ M0O㧘ߘߩဝ㊂ߪ IOߢ޽ߞߚ㧚,+52 ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ /# ⚖ IO ߢ ޽ ࠆ ⚕ ߩ ᒁ ᒛ ᒝ ᐲ ߩ M0O ߣᲧセߔࠆߣ㧘࠮࡜࠶ࠢࠍ฽᦭ߒߚ⚕ߩᒁ ᒛᒝᐲߪ ,+5 ⷙᩰߩ୯ࠍ਄࿁ࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚ㧚Ბࡏ

࡯࡞↪ਛߒࠎේ⚕ߩ᧦ઙࠍ┻⚕ߪḩߚߒߚߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚

㪋㪅㩷 ⚿⸒㩷

ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߪ㜞Ყ೰ᕈࠍ᦭ߔࠆ⚕ߩ㐿⊒ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

߹ߕ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂߦࠃࠅ᛽಴ߒߚ┻න❫⛽㧔ࡔࡠ

ࠞࡦ࠽㧘࠺ࡦ࠼ࡠࠞ࡜ࡓࠬ㧘ࡎ࠙࡜ࠗ࠴ࠢ㧘ࡎ࠙࡜

ࠗࠦࡑ࠴㧕ߣ┻㦂2ࡩ᦬߅ࠃ߮4ࡩ᦬㧘1ᐕ㧘2ᐕ㧘 4 ᐕએ਄ߩࡕ࠙࠰࠙࠴ࠢන❫⛽ߩ⋥ᓘ߅ࠃ߮❫⛽㐳 ࠍ᷹ቯߒ㧘┻⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߦ෸߷ߔࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߩᓇ 㗀ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘❫⛽ߩ᛽಴ᣇᴺߩ㆑޿ߦ ࠃࠆ❫⛽ߩࠕࠬࡍࠢ࠻Ყߩ㆑޿ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㧚ᦨ ᓟߦߘࠇࠄߩ┻❫⛽ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘࠮࡜࠶ࠢߩᷝടߦࠃ ࠆ┻⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈ߳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㧚

1. ೰ᕈߩ㜞޿⚕ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ႐ว㧘න❫⛽⥄りߩᒢᕈ

₸߇㜞޿௑ะࠍ␜ߔ᷷Ꮺ↥ߩ┻߆ࠄ᛽಴ߒߚ

❫⛽߇ㆡಾߢ޽ࠆ㧚

2. ⧯޿┻߆ࠄขࠅ಴ߒߚන❫⛽ߪ⚿᥏ᕈߩ࠮࡞

ࡠ࡯ࠬࠍᄙߊ฽߻ߚ߼ߦ❫⛽⥄りߩᒢᕈ₸߇ 㜞޿㧚

100 㱘 m

(a) 20wt% addition of shellac

100 㱘 m

(b) 50wt% addition of shellac Fig.13. Surface of paper included shellac.

(9)

3. ࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ಣℂᴺߦࠃࠅ᛽಴ߐࠇߚ㜞ࠕࠬࡍࠢ

࠻Ყࠍ᦭ߔࠆ❫⛽ࠍㆬᛯߔࠇ߫㧘❫⛽ធ⸅ὐᢙ ߇Ⴧടߒ㜞Ყ೰ᕈߥ⚕ࠍᓧࠄࠇࠆ㧚

4. ࠮࡜࠶ࠢࠍ┻⚕ౝㇱߢߩࡃࠗࡦ࠳ߣߒߡ૶↪

ߔࠆߎߣߢ⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߪะ਄ߔࠆ㧚

5. ᛞ⚕ㆊ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡࠛ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞ߩሽ࿷߇᳓⚛⚿

วࠍᅹߍࠆߚ߼ߦࠛ࠲ࡁ࡯࡞ਛߦ࠮࡜࠶ࠢ߇ ṁ⸃ߐࠇߚ࠮࡜࠶ࠢ࠾ࠬࠃࠅ߽☸ሶ⁁ߩ࠮࡜

࠶ࠢࠍࡃࠗࡦ࠳ߣߒߡᷝടߔࠆ੐߇ㆡಾߢ޽

ࠆ㧚

6. ࠮࡜࠶ࠢߩᷝടߦࠃࠅ❫⛽ߩធὐᢙ߇Ⴧടߔ ࠆߚ߼⚕ߩᲧ೰ᕈߪะ਄ߔࠆ㧚

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂

ትવળ⼏㧘⚕ߣࠦࠬ࠻㧘ᩣᑼળ␠ትવળ⼏⊒

ⴕ㧘R

ጤች㓁ሶ౎ᧁୃ㧘ࠣ࡝࡯ࡦ㨯ࠦࡦࡃ࡯࠹ࠖࡦ

ࠣ⿥⿧⚕ߩᯏ⢻ߣᔕ↪㧘ࠦࡦࡃ࡯࠹࠶ࠢ㧘㧘㧘

㐷ደථ㧘ᣂߒ޿⚕ߩᯏ⢻ߣᎿቇ㧘ᩣᑼળ␠⵷

⪇ᚱ⊒ⴕ㧘

ጊਅ⋥਽ᄢ┄๺਽⮮੗ㅘ㧘ࡒࠢࡠࡈࠖࡉ

࡝࡞ൻ࠮࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬߩᷝടߦࠃࠆ┻❫⛽ᒝൻⶄว

᧚ᢱߩᦛߍᒝᐲ㧘⎕უ㕢ᕈ߅ࠃ߮ⴣ᠄ᒝᐲߩะ

਄㧘$CODQQ,QWTPCN㧘㧘

⮮੗ㅘ㧘┻ߪ࿾⃿ࠍᢇ߁┻ߪⅣႺߦ߿ߐߒ޿

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⟠Ძ❫⛽߳ߩᄤὼ⎬ൻᕈ࠮࡜࠶ࠢ᮸⢽ߩๆ⌕᜼

േ㧘❫⛽ቇળ⹹㧘NN㧘㧘

᧛↰ల⦟㧘࡜࠶ࠢࠞࠗࠟ࡜ࡓࠪ↥↢᮸⢽‛⾰ߩ

․ᕈߣ೑↪㧘⎇ⓥࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞㧘㧘㧘 ጊ ਅ ⋥ ਽ ᄢ ┄ ๺ ਽ ⮮ ੗ ㅘ 㧘 $CODQQ ,QWTPCN㧘㧘

᫜ᯅశᒾ㧘࡟ࠬࠤࡒࠞ࡞࡮ࠤࡒࠞ࡞ࡈ࡝࡯ߥ᧚ ᢱᡷ⾰̆㜞࿶᳓⫳᳇ಣℂߦࠃࠆᧁ⾰᧚ᢱߩ㜞ᯏ

⢻ൻ̆㧘%GNNWNQUG%QO㧘㧘

㜞ᯅት਽㧘ᄢ┄๺਽㧘⮮੗ㅘ㧘$CODQQ,QWTPCN㧘㧘

㜞ᧁဋ㧘↰ୖ㓉ノ㧘৻ේᵗᐔ㧘⿧ᥓ⌀ᴦ㧘ਃỈ ᒄ᣿㧘ੳᧁ㦖␭㧘᧚ᢱ㧘 ฎᎹ㇚ᄦ㧘㠽ขᄢቇㄘቇㇱṶ⠌ᨋႎ๔㧘╙ ภ ශ೚㧘

Ⴆᧄᔘ๺㧘Ꮉፒరᄦ㧘ጊᩮ⑲᮸㧘᧚ᢱ㧘㧘

㧔㧕

14) Sang-Yup Lee, Jae-Dong Lee, Seung-Man Yang, Journal of materials science, 34, 1233-1241 (1999) 㜞ᯅት਽㧘ᄢ┄๺਽㧘⮮੗ㅘ㧘ࡒࠢࡠࡈࠖࡉ࡝

࡞ൻߒߚ┻❫⛽ࠍ↪޿ߚࠣ࡝࡯ࡦࠦࡦࡐࠫ࠶࠻

ߩ㐿⊒㧘$CODQQ,QWTPCN㧘㧘

಄↰⮍㧘ධశᶈᲞ㧘ะศବ৻㇢㧘ᄢỈ⚐ੑ㧘⚕

ࡄ࡞ࡊᛛⴚදળ⹹㧘㧘㧘 ᧁ᧛ታ㧘⚕ߩ᧚ᢱ⑼ቇ㧘㧘㧘 ጟፉਃ㇢㧘ฝ↰િᒾ㧘⚕ߣᄤὼ❫⛽㧘ᄢᣣᧄ࿑

ᦠᩣᑼળ␠⊒ⴕ㧘 19) D.H.Page, Tappi, 62, 9, 99 (1979)

᧲㊁ືਃ㧘ᄢ㒋ᐭ┙ᄢቇ♿ⷐ㧘ㄘቇ࡮↢‛ቇ㧘

Ꮟᄢテ㧘࠮࡞ࡠ࡯ࠬ❫⛽ಽᢔ♽߅ࠃ߮࠮࡞ࡠ࡯

ࠬဋ৻ṁᶧߩ࡟ࠝࡠࠫ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘0KJQP 4GQTQLK)CMMCKUJK㧘㧘㧘 22) T.Komori and K. Makishima, Textile Res. J., 47, 13

(1977)

㜞ᯅᐢㅢ㧘⚕⾰ߩᡷ⦟㧘シ㊂⚕⵾ㅧࠍน⢻ߦߔ ࠆᣂߒ޿⵾⚕↪⮎ຠ̌፾㜞೷̍㧘⚕ࡄ࡞ࡊᛛⴚ࠲

ࠗࡓࠬ㧘 ᦬㧘

ਭ଻↰๺↵㧘ᐔ⍹◊ม㧘ự↰⟵ੱ㧘⷏᫪ବਯ㧘㜞ᯅᐢㅢ㧘⚕ࡄᛛද⹹ 㧘㧘㧘

᧛↰⺈྾㇢㧘ൻቇଢⷩၮ␆✬ᡷ⸓ 㧘ਣༀᩣ

ᑼળ␠ 㧘