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(1)Science. Reports. Genecological. of the. Yokobama. National. and. Horticultural. University,. Studies. Chrysanthemum. of. in. ⅠⅠ,No.. Sec.. 1961. Species. Some. on. East. 8,. Japan. By Shuzo. .. As. for. Chrysanthemum-polyploid. the. details. genetical. are. SHInIOTOMAI. and. TANAEA. in the. given. (1933).. SHIMOTO班AI. than. now,. NAGA班Ⅰ. the. on. This. chrysanthemums. the. of. anthemum. niPPonicum. NIWA. iogakushiense. morifolium. Among is C. PaciPcum, author. 1954,. aims. is. 1957). to. main. endemic. these. on. Chrys-. (diploid), C.. boreale. kinokuniense. uar.. (decaploid), by. investigated. plant. Pacific. the. been. Japan:. east. Shiu)ogiku. the. (1952),. of Japanese. subsP二Maekawanum. 9 species,. which. in. other. have. illustrations. (diploid),C.. arcticum. papers. TANAEA. 1956,. some. C.. no. characters. found. (hexaploid),. these. or. and. 1955,. at. are. Makinoi. (decaploid),C.. C.. few. or血orticultural. which. (diploid),C.. (diploid),C.. 1953,. therefore,. 9 plants. fact that. and. (1914-1915, 1921). of TAⅡARA. (1936),SHIMOTOMAI. (1952,. article,. (octoploid),C. PaciPcum the. it is the. its cytological. Japan,. of. studies. genecological. following. characters. and. leading. (1933, 1935, 1947),. until. ruPestre. series. Nevertheless,. (1952, 1960), and. published. NAGAMI. coast. of south-east. Japan.. mentioned. above. designed wild. to. plant･. The. of. author. Dr･. the. National. the. the. sunlmarization. the. of. present. the. concerning. 8 species. the other. and. The. (NIWA, 1936).. information. suggestions. HAGIWARA. National. his. expresses. and Institute. of Prof. Prof･. thanks. sincerest Dr.. Dr･. HAMA. cultivated. reports. is also. study. the. and. author. of Genetics,. SIIIMOTOh4AI. for. Of the. Of the Nihon and. Prof.. the. thoughtful. the bas. Hiroshima. University,. Dr. KITAGAWA. directions University,. Dr.. TAEENAKA. Of the Yokohama. University.. I The. chrysanthemum. ones”. synthetic it is. Moreover. precious. Prof･. ”wild. the. are. secure. cultivated. since 1952.. published. and. ". is the. morijuium. ”,. C･. material Chrysanthemum. plants. Section. used L.. Pyreihrum. were. Materials classified. by. KITAMURA. (1940). as. follows:.

(2) 2. S.. Subsection. NAGAMI. Nl'pponicae. Chrysanthemum Subsection C.. MATSm(URA. n如onicum. Leucanthemum L. subsp.. arcticum. Subsection. Maekawanum. KITAMtJRA. Dendranthema. C.. Makinoi. C.. boreale. C. C.. MATSUMURA. ei. NAEAI. ru♪estre MATSnttJRA. et. KoIDZUMI. rupesire MATStJMURA. ei. KoIDZU班I. MAKINO. iogakushiense. uar.. KITAMtJRA C.. Shiu)ogiku. KITA肌JRA. kinokuniense. uar.. SHIMOTOMAI. et. KITAAItJRA C. Plantae. Among got. and. Hortenses. these. C.. L.. C.. boreale. MAEINO. C.. seiicusbe HANDEI.-MAZZETTI. C.. Decaisneanum. C.. morifolium. 2)ar.. RAMATUELI.E. C.. are. i岳given. a. only. brief. references･.. KITAGAWA. and. SHI班OTOA4AI. the. subsP. Maekawanum C.. short. arcticum. ln. Table. C.. and. (SEI班OTOMAI, T血e. 1933,. species. by. experiments. chromosome 1935;. has. author. descriptions. (1933), KITAMtJRA. wild. are. chrysanthe-. available. in the. (1940), NAGA班Ⅰ (1958), and. (1960).. NAGAHI. 2, the. of the. summary. detailed. IⅠI Chromosomal. the. NAGA班Ⅰ. Conditions. morphological. (Table 1), since. researcbed. following. of. et. has. respectively.. Here. tioned. KITAGAWA. arciicum for. called. ⅠI Morphological. mums. C.. togakushiense. uar.. ruPestre. iogakushiense. this paper,. kinokuniense. uar.. C.. above, into. In. 1960).. KITAMURA. MATSUA(tJRA. (MAXI肌). changed. MAEINO. horiense･. uar.. mentioned. name. Shiwogiku. Shiwogiku. indicum. NAGAA(I,. and. hiberinum. C.. species. its scientific. (KITAGAWA. NAEAI. PaciPcum. been. will. studying. be. of 8 wild. numbers. NAGAA(Ⅰ,. TJIO-LEVAN's. Conditions are. cbrysantbemums. shown. 1957). the. method published. somatic. (TJIO in. chromosomes and. future.. LEVAN, From. of the. 1950). Table. But 2,. above･men･ the results it. is clear.

(3) Genecological. Horticulttlral. and. Studies. of Chrysanthemums. T. T. eo. e. qB > Q 止さ. ,A. i. ?. 官. 許零Ⅰ召Ⅰ召Ⅰ召Ⅰ解叱点土B主B呈e主B主･a). L-. ∼. T. 冨丁. Iづ. q). く匂. 4) -. ･古B. 5. Fq-. 朋. ･.pel y). /.I Q. 宰 4). 表裏 ●. (⊃. :コ. 'B. の【D q) U). A). ●申 ≠. U. q). -. Pl. 2 8. _. 昌d. 蔦葛曲盲oB毒B'著妻鮎葛. e6. G. !<^. ●呂. 書紺音量書芸言責葛i葛盲甜. d -. 暑量. U). i ;]･. く匂. q)め. 一{ q). .j∃. pl. ,エ] -∼. .へ. 互選. 〔の. a. (〇 lq. bL). 電.冒 .∃窃. 岩d. 節. -I. Jj.J葛栄. e 玩. l_l⊃ N. ⊂〉くエ). く=) <. ▼･-l. ∼. ∼. ∼. ∼. ∼. ∼. O 寸. ⊂〉くエ). m ▼･-l. CIO ▼･+. ⊂〉 ∽. O). l∫) Cq. l♪. (=〉. ▼･･･1. の. ⊂〉の. eつ ey?. &'. 責. ∼ eq. I-ぺ. 占臼. .Bv胃弱盲. 零モ. lq. ･JJ. ￠. コ. 4) h O. O. LE; E<.. ⊂) N. ⊂) LL). 言責 cx). l=〉く.D. ▼-+. ⊂) N. ∼ uつ y1. h. B. pC. 紺. 毒旨. く=) く=). 〟. 音u,日. 毒B. 玉. d. q). 草蛸著書盲盲貞鮎毒旨喜旨選書害. Si.. ゴd. ヨ. O r<. O O. くロ. ?. q). l∫一. 4). 望. ヨ. a. ?. CY?. l∫一. ▼･･+. I-+. ｢オぐつ. ヒー ey?. 4). ･B a. q) ＋J. d -. ∋. 普. 絹喜 m N. I+. N eq. T<. TIP''L. 約 A!S喜 Ta i U. ＋∼. く⊃. A CL. ‡{ (⊃. = ｢-1. q) Tl･Il. .□ (弓. ト. M i. ^. ぎF<. ▼･････ぺ. .. コrO. モ5. く=) ぐつ. 苛○. q) 0. 日. 也) U の (p h 0. qj C] ＋∼. め A) ∼ O 4). Ch CO. -. 也. 白. ●呂 h 4). ∼. 4) y) ○ -凸. 己 h. ト1 0 U. O? y<. l∫つ. ∽. ぐつ. Lr). LL? <.

(4) S. NAGAMI. 2.. Table. Somatic. chromosome. chromosome number. SpeCleS. C.. investigator. (2n). TAIIARA (1914-1915, 1921), TAEEMOTO SHI班OTO班AI and. 18. TAⅡARA. Makinoi boreale. 18. TAIIARA (1914-1915, SEIA(OTOMAI (1933). C. rupestre. 18. SuGIURA. C.. togakushiense. 54. NAGAMユ(1957). C.. Shiwogiku. 72. SIIIMOTOA(AI. 90. TAHARA. (1921), SⅡIMOTO班AI. (1933). 90. TAHARA. (1921), Sl壬IMOTOM二AI. (1933). C.. C,. paci^cum. C.. arctieum. basic. the. that. hexaploid,. C.. decaploids. in. boreale,. is. The. outline. B.. Vertical. Tbe. results 3.. The. morphological. ranean. the. the in. secondarily. aerial a. erect. mother. sandy-coast. PaciPcum. is. C･. and. are. arcticumr. Conditions in the. will be found NAGAM:Ⅰ. (1952, 1953,. (1954), which. polyploidy. following. 1956)･. 1954, to. designed. was. the. and. make. distribution. geographical. Japan･. distribution. Figs.. 1,. 8. of. wild. is. chrysanthemums. 2, 4･. distribution. characters. of. (1) Sandy-coast. are. C･. niPPonicum,. togakushiense. series･. east. horizontal 3 and. b. Nearly stems. grown. from. between. of the vertical. follows:. C.. distribution. Fig.. as. diploids,. and. NAGAMI. to. the. of. in Table. given. are. C.. distribution. Horizontal. branched.. new. relations. A.. brie且y. (1935). that. (1933), and. referred. Chrysanthemum-species. of the. are. are. (1957). is 9, and. Distributional. (1937), SHIMOTO班AI. readers the. apparent. (1937), NAGAMI. the Chrysanthemum-distribution. on. NoHARA. Especially. octoploid,. 1921),. genus. ruPestre. Chrysanthemum-polyploid. the. ⅠV. papers:. C.. and. Shiwogiku. particulars. of the. number. chromosome C.. Makinoi,. and. (1939). (1914-1915, 1921), (1933). SEIn40TOMAI. c.. Japan･. 18. nipponicum. C.. in east. of 8 cbrysantbemums. number. 2/3 of. from stems. new. are. lower. aerial. clearly. by. part. These. coast･. observed. in. stems. are. sand.. e.. the. erect. many are. produced. PaciPcum. and. 4. ･fewsubter-. clones. clones. 4. Table. Numerous. morpbological C.. in. 也. Many. Thus stems. in Table. summalized. mentioned. stem.. of. stems･. subterranean sandy. types. covered. subterranean. in the. plant type. the and. are. the. on. provided. four. the. type-a.. stems. are. researches. are. sprouting by. degree. characters population･. of Of.

(5) Genecological. (. 捕. Horticultural. and. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋＋. ＋＋. コ. .tj. 紺 d. ヰJ I-+. q) .凸く弓. Bh:. ＋＋. ＋＋. ＋. ＋＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋＋. ＋. 盟-o. ＋＋＋＋. ＋. ＋. ＋＋. ＋＋. ＋. ＋＋. ＋＋. ＋＋. of Chrysanthemums. ＋. ＋＋. ミニ′. 臥. Studies. ＋＋. ＋＋. 十＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋. ＋＋. ＋＋. ト 4) 4) ∽. qJ h. P. ＋J. d G. <‡. T-. d. a. 亡 0. 'B. 亡. ∋. (匂. だ. ロ1. ゝィ. ed. 4J の. ト｢l. 召. } の. (勺 4). ロ. 詣邑毒草馴. の. ∈ 5. ≡. JJ. ヰ+. 冒:i. U. ∝). q). く匂ヰJ .JJ. 警Lg. 召 ed. ∽. -`一. (匂. ,上貞 (匂. s'己. a. ▼････■1. く弓. 亡 ∼ ,<.” ･∼. 昌男. ”. 鮎召貞B. ). =. 貞. O. ∈ =の ■. I. ▼･･イ. TIN. i+ (⊃. N コ. ト. 也. ヨ. A). ＋J. [∃. 表. G. u. 也. ▼･･q. h. Ed.o-_I. q) bβ. ,也 d ∽. :･吉. コ. 盲二目 'g-. 苛. i+ C). 望萱蓋己. ∋. ∼. .⊥ ロ. 亡. = く勺 N. = ●. く勺 JJ. ⊂). ト. 【勺 h. C〉. ,エ]. -ロ. u. 也. ＋J. ･＋■J CJ). ■▼l■. 呂≡萱B 0. A. ロ. 岳∈ a. a. く匂め ○. ∽. ,.凸 ○ ト. 蓋= 遷. 己. .上貞 (弓. `〇. O N. ＋J. =. C). g. lq .Te. !q (匂. ∽. ∼. C). S. コ. ト. 3 =. 也. ∽. ,上一く弓. t＋+. 'L. (匂. (匂. -. 亡 (匂 u). A. a. a. l. d bD. N く勺 C). 亡弓. (匂. V. I+. コ. (8 ヰJ. .⊂] ＋J. h. l. ヨ. ＋T<. の. a. 亡弓. ∈. :j∼. cd. ,5d く8. EE. ト. 3. ∽. e8. O (弓. 空音窒萱og. く勺. ∼. .□ ○ 己. CD CI. コ. lぺ也. ,<. ∽. U. eY? 4). B]. 【⇒. ヽ. ヽ. ,.a cC. く弓 1) ∼+ (可. 汁. 己 (⊃. ●エコ. Te I+ +J. 節. i. 女声. .. JJ･ぎ. .id,9. の. U. 【d. 〔d. 〔d ヽ.. 岩野. 云芦. z'声. 2i買. ぇ声. 2:芦. ≡書誓書萱書喜書 CY?. 色.9. 〔d. 巨〕. -. (Yつ. .. JJ瞥 3. _a. =. ぐつ. .. Jぎ. id. _0. m. .. Jぎ ,_a _C'. m. .. JJ･ぎ. _a. ト. ,9. Cつ. .. Cy?. ,. Cy'). .. ,SZ.,lO. JJ･瞥. AJ瞥 ,9. 3J.･瞥 ,9. ∽. D<. i.

(6) S. NAGAMI. 128o. 130●. 134o. 132o. 136o. 138o. 140o. 142o. -一■. 42. T. -. 42o. ヽ. cc'.. 7uapket:,”; 5 I:.':i;pepa:iou肌A T^. to9ahushie. C. ヽヽ. loo.. n8e. r-盲■'蔓c. Shiwo9iku. 4308.[ kinokunien8e. uar.. :i. B.. 巨]. c･ paci&￠u桝. a i.-:_i-:i. Senda. Maekawanun. arctiou机8ubap.. i 38o1. l｡. Hon8hu. A. 氏. 36. 36●. ち. /. Tsu8bima. Kyoto. ○. .′. ′. 1a. B. B.. ●. 34o. II(iD. P. ●. ●. ---.-.∼1. 1‡. ゝ′ノーーF,. p･14. Shikoku. メ. ノ●. 32o. ′●. Kyushu. 100. ♂. 200.. 300km. Torisbima. ○. 30? 128o. Fig. in east. 1.. Outline. arcticum,. map. 1-15,. Japan. the. course,. 132o. 1304. thoughthey. are. Table. c. ``. 1. pacijcum But. coasts.. form. to. (3). and. 也. Sometimes. such. somewhat C. a. plant. Pacijcum tendency. coast. lanky. Mt.. on. shown. of the same. of which also. belong. (329.4m). c.. Nokogiri two. to in. found. stems.. the. be. Called. the. focky-. from. protected in. it is similar. in. shown. erectous. by. facts,. C･. Shiu)ogiku,. on. rarely. tolerably. of. its. the. external. species･. form. both. and. shdhld. is. normal. are. species very. C･. mentioned. these. rocky-coast. of the. characters. niPPonicum,. ･is found. and. plants. sandy-coast. C.. Makinoi. account. Shiu)ogiku. C.. of. Therefore,. The. species. the. morphological. populations. On. boreale,. the. normal. the. on. type-a.. C.. in. C･. species. the. afield. the丘eld. C. boreale are. 1. Table. C･. in. seen. near. chrysanthemums. on. considerably. is also. is. ”･. Makinoi. type. Field. typicalas. b･ C･. conditions.. tbe丘eld. of. arciicum.. diploid. the. severe. coastal. and. the. chrysanthemums''･. coast. have. in. C.. and. populations. The. type-a.. observed. are. in the. so. not. 142o. of 8 chrysanthemums. 9)I. (see. stations. found. are. characters. distribution Table. meteorological. Pacijcum. (2) Rocky-coast in. the horizontal. showing. 140o. 1 38o. 136o. 134o. observed. the. Mt･. They. coast･. Takao in. small in. (600m). C･. height.. Makinoi,.

(7) Genecological. and. HorticulturalStudies. of Chrysanthemums. G-Pref-el淵｡,j･j'1qRu5i･･A't. JLc.MhkinqL ●C.bTeaLe. NJ. )}. MLAsama I. ▲C.rupeetre. TochigiPrefecture. .･･+レb'''■一■-I. 2,542m.Mt.Myogl. .････....･J. ･-･･l. 1,904m. CpacIJScu仇 Mt｡. Nakam)rLatO1. ●●◆t--. P. I. ◆●=l,■●. ■4＋A.L■. pl1. 1.3. 1. ■4＋■■JP. m. ◆▼l. rbaraglPrefecturel I. l KaT711｡rnll. SaitamaPreEectureo. NaganoPrefecture. I.36.. 諏.,････.･..＼. / ...RL･l./･･J-.◆ a. P＋ヽ '-tlヽ. ･･/'J.1I'ニま･･･■■''l･･････...:..{･･-. ･･-.･.....･･･i. ■●●1.●lr--●●. 2.595m. (I-･川. ◆1.･･･●●.”..I.■･＋t'1■,LI･t..-I. ■･■t. noh･3t･. ChibaPrefecttzre. t◆l. ;戚eー.覧a･. 諮･､OkiBuA､3讃-”.-'2:33222.蜘 Ehd117ojirna. 139v 30r. 33o. 2. .I,.5iu.r:i.ii, Fig.. Map. 2.. P, C.. (see. the. showing. N,. Japan.. east. horizontal. C. nipponicu仇; A, C. areticu仇.. paci^ou仇; 5).. in southof 6 cbrysantbemums B, C. boreale; R, C. rupestre;. distribution. C.. M,. Mdkinoi;. 1-5,. scale. of C･. of vegetation-volume. Akaisbi 3,120 m. 3,㈱. Mt. .･2,00Q. M(. Ijde 2,105m. Ftlji. Mt. Sh呈ranei 2m. 3,. ク琴 Mt.. mt. hat. 1,911. 帆. Mt.. Mt. I ( l. I J. Mt.. ㌣ti2,”.0.kmogiri ;. PM. M. hf. BM. C. Tsurtlrni. Fig. in the. P,. east. 3.. ordinate and. Schematic. A);. the. The. map. showing. abscissa. altitude. parentheses. ”. h4. M 班. 8 ” h4. BM. M. 10.000. 5.000. Japan.. Bappt1. 1,315JTl. M. しBM) ”. A4t･ M･-･. SagamiRiyer. Ri∇er. I.dx). a. B. ,300. J71. 班. BM. (Phf). a. Rurobe. ”. A. ---∼(tlM). -十---￣-----￣￣-＋￣￣￣￣-I-T￣￣-￣￣￣￣￣1 . sagam SagamiLake. 8anda暮 1,819 m. M. Takao 6(拍m. I. (,㌦臥且++二M(B加. I(oaヱurr山 1.130m. m.. Mt_. .. 良. J71. Miyogi:. Mr.. 1,904 ＼ Asahi′ Tanigawa ･870 rrl Mt. I,963 rrL. 1. hf. Nikko･. 良. 良. T. Mt. GazLdo I,485 m. l I. R･.. 芸･..Tliji:i=t. m. 1,卿. 500. Mt.. 2,484. R. Hiiir. M′. I I. I._ I I. I. Aft, Asarna 2.542 JTl. a,. ,. 3,778. Ch4. paci&cum. Table. shows. 20,000. the the. of growing-portions show. the. mixed. vertical. position of growth. 60･000. 40,OOO. distribution of. two. 100･000. of 8 chrysanthemums distribution･areas,. vertical 8 species. C, of. 80･000. species.. coast. species. and S,. (N,. 120･000rn.

(8) 8′. S.NAGA虻Ⅰ. ･ 4.. Table. Vertical. -. distribution in east. 8. of. cbrysantbemums. Japan.. 7continuity disconti･ of _. JJ. の. 帆 d). (弓 O dj. ▼･イ. rocky. 主音. U 4) a CO. ロ (匂. mountain. 丘eld type. coast type. breadth.f distribution. altitude. (m). type. E. nuity. distribtト. (m). -area. (isolation). tion. の. N. ＋＋＋＋＋. 1′-5. ＋. M. ＋＋＋＋＋＋. B. ＋＋＋十＋. 1∼5. 1-2,000. ＋＋＋. 1-50,000. 2-2,400. R T. ＋＋. ＋＋＋. ＋＋. ＋＋＋＋＋＋＋. 4,000-20,000. 1,000-3,000【 35,000-. ＋＋＋＋＋. ＋＋. 105. ＋＋＋＋＋＋＋. ,000. ＋. ＋＋＋＋＋. S. ＋＋＋＋＋. ＋＋. ＋＋. ＋＋＋＋＋＋＋. ＋＋. ＋＋. ＋＋. ＋＋. ＋. P A. C.. ＋＋＋＋＋. Shiwogiku,. hill-tops. (4) two. above-mentioned. Mountain. type-Ta.. (1,911■m),Mt. Center. 4, the. For. the. (1-3). Geological. were. identities. are. terraces. abrasion 1951;. HAI.I. and. of C.. volume or. coast,. 1953). following From. On. in. whose. are. on. high. mountains. on. Mt.. Togakusbi. found. are. the. are. characteristics. Makinoi. (1,904 m) and. Table. of. the. data. used. by. In. at. Boso. and. mountains.. other. 1933;. scales. each. cbrysantbemum. C. Pacijicum-distribution,. author: there. period, parts. 〟Miura-. the. was. of Miura. of the provinces. addition. to. the. southern. this,. many. geological. parts. two. the. of. (KoIEB:, 1951). The by. the. two. in. or. formed. are. by. the. (FuJI班OTO,. the sandy-coast. 1950) (Fig. 4). As. it is shown. parts. the. the. on. grows. southern. peninsulas. rocky-coast. WATABE,. population. mentioned. In. between. conditions:. of the. the. of. of. the southern. surrounded. WATABE,. center. tertiary. the. conditions:. thefield the. estimation. Moreover. and. distribution. of. observed. PaciPcum. the. Miyogi. present. Phytosociological. (3). of. (FtJJIMOTO, 1951).. Topographical. (2). kind. ”. chrysanthemums. C.. of. the. linked. of Miura. peninsulas. body. the. occupy. ′1. mountain. togakushiense,. plant. conditions: ''.. Boso. ``. periphery. the. are. Mountain-Range. and. The. Examples. 3 and. following. Boso. mountains･. C.. and. of this type. species. of distribution. is illustrated.. (1). three. typical. Fuji (3,778 m), Mt.. ln Tables. the. The. b.. 1.. dowarf.. generally. low. ruPestre. in Table. illustrated. C.. C.. of. I-These. arcticuhl.. of the. species. is. C.. and. 1-蔓童I. ＋＋. of the. two丘gures,. in Figs. rocky-coast,. two. peninsulas readers. are. 2 and in. 4, the. large. a. sandy-. (NAGA班Ⅰ, 1952, referred. to the. 5. data. mentioned. above,. it may. be. concluded. that. the. center. of.

(9) Genecological. Studies. Horticultural. and. of Chrysanthemums. 139o39･. q＋. Ti>. 54. Nagahama. 9m. J(. A才aSaki 写. 5. 讃. Kurosakl. Sagami. Bay. Mlyata. 579m Mito. *. I. 6m 3. Iwatlra. A buratsubo. MinamIZakl. ぎ笹. 3 3 3 3. A. []. F3. (〉. 敬. Bisharnon. ○. JI. 5. Nagatsurozaki. 5てT4 Jogashima. Map. of Miura. south. 4. 3 3. 4.. 3. City. Misaki. Fig.. tsuwa. 4. 1-5,. Scale. 5. Kenzalくi. 0. 1kT71. ヒ===:-. 139o391. distribution. the. showing Peninsula.. Table. 4. 5. 4. Paci丘c Ocean l. 3'ド司Awazaki. 4. 4. see. Table. of. C･. Makinoi. C･. and. pa6iPcum. in. the. 5. of vegetation-volume the distribution-area.. C･. of. paciPcu仇. in. breadth of distribution. COVerage. abundance. -area. 5. of. number. individuals. 4. r/. 3. g. number. of. 1. ntlmber. of individuals. number. of. D.. individuals. the. Makinoi, seeds. C.. ｡f each. boreale, were. in. the. southern. parts. sampled. by. two. of the. so. 〝. degree. small. or. 1m. or. so. peninsulas･. of seed 1953,. year. very. so. 〝. 3m. degree. small. abundant.. rare.. is located. Dispersion. ln. relatively. or 〝. 1/4- 1/20. abundant.. Individuals. decaploid-distribution. 5m. -3/4 3/4-1/2 1/2-1/4. 2. ＋. 1. inde丘nite.. 150. C.. seeds. Shiwogiku,. treated. as. were. C.. control,. Pacijicum, 1/3 seeds. the and. soaked. following C･ in. arcticum･ the. C･. plants:. The. 1/3. distilled-water.

(10) 10. s.. for. days. three. days･. All. these. germination In. were. are. During. and. for. same. 18-May. 10,. seed-. of the degree. processes in. April. sea_water. Table. 7, the. of germination. of the. results. experi･. shown. Table. 6･. Scale. scale. of. A.. 5. rarely. 4. somewhat. 3. half. 2. mostly. 1. almost. Topographical. Large places,. of Chrysanthemum･seeds.. germination-degree. ∼. germination-degree. or. few. a. seed. seeds. 20%. seeds. or. so. 40%. seeds. or. so. germinated. 60%. seeds. or. so. germinated. 80%. seeds. or. so. germinated. germinated. Environmental. Conditions. conditions. small. scaled. sandy-coasts. cbrysantbemums. are. of the so･called. of this. plants. germinated. germinated. V. The. ll･. various. is classi丘ed,. in the. 1/3 seeds. rest. April. on. showing. 6, this degree. the. and. sowed. occurred,. Table. ment. (April 9-ll). NAGAA(I. type. few. a. grow. in. scattered. from. meters. Japan.. are. sometimes. type. sandy-coast. the. In these. east. in. shoreline,. found.. strong. salt. Spray.. Exposed On. these. sea-cliffs arealso blu鮎･. marginati= dominant. plants. than. other. the. lower. half. chrysanthemums. mountain. B･. peaks. Specimens. in the. are. Geological. the. of. Miura,. Chrysanthemum. plants,. these. general in. chrysanthemums. bed-soil. the. specimens. Soil-Tester･. The. rarely. picked 7. mixed. species. are. population. mother was. of. results. found.. both. of the. While of. the. coast, the. on. mountain-. of rocky-coast. severe. by. the. sub-sampling. type. conditions.. of. Omaezaki.. C.. method. pacijcum‥. Those. of the decaploid-growing by. of the. conditions. and. rock made. the. similar. populations. Mochimune,. back-丘eld. the. populations. Thus. somewhat. up. small. small. observed･ in. to. frequently. are. mountains,. pedological. following. and. of. were. down. mountains. situated. and. used. Izu, Okitsu,. of those. ‥. In. genus.. field-type. the. are. type. the. of. of the. chrysanthe血ums. areas. the. of Japan.. the rocky-coast. on. type. rocky-coast. 1936), of. rocky-cli鮎near. and. the. observed. there. and. genera.. From. type. here. seen. (MASAMUNE, over. different. the. are. means. of Prof･. experiments. are. Dr･. specimens. portions･ Yagi. shown. in the. Choshi, were. The. growing Boso, found analysis. (Sbinshu University)･s in Table. 8..

(11) Genecological. a. ∽. and. IIorticultural. ⊂〉. く⊃. ⊂〉. ⊂). ⊂). ⊂>. ⊂). N. ▼{. Studies. の. の. fP<. d. ､廿. LQ. 己. ?. ⊂). (⊃. a. of. T-1. 'づ. 寸l. 寸. く=〉 LD. O) Cq. ∞ tL). ▼廿. (≡) 1∫つ. ⊂) ロつ. (=〉くエl. LL?. N. ▼J. ll. Chrysanthemums. ･廿. M. Cq. ”. Cy?. ⊂〉 l乃. く.D N. N l∫一. N ぐつ. * くD. LL?. ー1コ也). ⊂). U. .也 d. T･,,l. '･+. -+. †+. o. N. 寸. ,廿. 寸. 寸. ､申. 寸. t=) l∫つ. 亡). ⊂). ぐつ. 寸. ･寸. 寸. LL?. LL?. LL). ⊂〉 LL?. く⊃. く∋. T-<. Cq. Cq. Cq. eq. M. の. t=) l∫一. く=) N. くっ寸. LL?. LL?. (≡). ⊂〉. ∽. t廿. 寸. 寸. LL). LL?. LL?. ⊂〉 Lr〉. く.D <. N CT). Lt). LL?. LL). 寸. .寸. 寸､. LL?. Lf). lL?. ⊂〉帆. の <. く￡〉 ∝). LL?. LL?. N. Cq. ぐつ. m. CY?. く=〉 tL?. N N. ∼ <. ⊂) tL). め N. く.D l∫一. t=) LL). ” <. (コ〕め. ▼■+. の. N (D. ⊂) ∽ l. a. 紬 'て】. 帆. 'B d. _. 4). r+. :∃. ▼+. め cC. b8. ＋∼ I･･･■. JJ. 普. ●⊂. .望 Eh 一口. IE]. O. .i. 貞g ■. ■ヽ. O. U. ■ヽ. 弱喜 _. ? 〔⊃. a. ∽. c6. ･-. f∼. 潤. h. ぷ (可. a l⊃. LD ⊂). y-l. 寸. a. 葺量書 O. U. ⊂). く=). -. ぐつ. の. 寸. 寸. 寸. 寸. 寸. 寸. ⊂). N. LD. LL?. l∫つ. LL?. LL?. LLつ. LD. T<. T<. LL?. a. ∽. 4). 3 ,上d コ N 0. a 〔⊃. 一昔葺喜. =. 肖. C). ao号ぎ岳3;. a. ∽. 鼻害. 毒琴. U. o. O. の. o. ⊂). I+. c.. .く=). ⊂). ⊂). の. 寸. 寸1▲oLD. 寸. 寸. 寸. cq. ey?. の. の. CY?. 廿. 読. (X) N. (D tL). LL?. Lt). LL?. LL?. の. ､寸. 寸. 寸. LL?. LL?. LL?. (=〉 IL?. CT) M. CO t-. T11. '+. の. eY?. ⊂〉 LL?. LL? Cq. ⊂) l∫一. tL). LD. e6. a d. 衰. a,. A cd. 〔⊃. .さ芸. l.i芸 q). u. ^. tL?. Lf) (⊃. U. ▼-･･l. eq. (り. >. ∽. 1. ト･ JJ. 也). 白. -. 4). ,J⊃ d. ト. E:. 0) q) Ill. O 4) Dの. h. 芸 d U C) -. TC. 竪. 琴書. ＋J. d q) I_I. ∼. q･J. 善. CI. '1コロ. 咲). o). ▼･+. ▼･+. ⊂) cq. I+ N. Cq Cq. の Cq. LD N. ト･ Cq. く> ▼-1. 4) 4) ∽. ヽト1. 0 h 4) ,+⊃. t◆H. h q). (⊃ -∼. ○. ‡]. 盲貞 S! o).∫ o己. e6. l＋+. 4).9. コ己. ヰJ. aalBap-uo耶u!u.lag. bDよ. ≡. ▼････■. =. 1g室. ,a. -+. O. '1コ. ∈β コ ed 亡白. §■g 邑亀.

(12) 12. S. NAGAMI. Table. sandy-coast. Togawa. i. Katsuura. bed-Soil. of. specimen. type. brownish. coarse. tuffaceous. Taitozak. Boso. components. type. Asbikazima Choshi. Chemical. distribution. vertical. locality. 8.. rocky-coast. sandy-coast. type. brown-grayish. type. mtldstone green-grayish. rocky･coast. sand. sandstone. type. grayish丘ne sand loose tuffaceous sandstone loam. sedentary. soil. (mudstone). Tomisaki. sandy-coast. type. Funakata. rocky･coast. type. Kanaya. rocky･coast. type. Mt.. mountain. coarse grayish sand tu庁aceous mudstone brown loam. tuffaceous. Nokogiri. type. (summit) Kamoi. rocky-coast. type. field type Bishamon. rocky-coast. sandstone brownish loam tuffaceous mudstone brown loam tuffaceous conglomerate. grayish tu庁aceous type. greenish. tu庁aceous brownish. 丘eld type Miura. tuffaceous. Kurosaki. rocky-coast 丘eld. type. type type. coarse. rocky-coast. type. sandy･coast 丘eld type. type. 1iparitic brown丘ne. sandy-coast. Zushi. rocky-coast. Sbirabama. mudstone sedentary. mudstone. soil. mudstone humus loam. mudstone. brownish. humus. tu庁aceous brownish tuffaceous. type. tuffaceous mudstone humus loam. gravel of tuffaceous. loam. conglomerate. humus. loam. mudstone. sand humus brownish loam mudstone tuffaceous tuft. coarse. sand. gravel. tuft of coarse tuff･breccia humus loam grayish brownish humus loam brownish sedentary soil brownish loam humus dacitic. Shimoda lrozaki Izu. Komezaki. rocky-coast. type. rocky･coast 丘eld type. type. rocky-coast. type. propyritic. Tago. Okitsn. 丘eld type. brownish. andesite humus loam. rocky･coast. propyritic brownish. humus. 丘eld type. gravel of andesite humus brownish loam. Horayamasbita. rocky-coast. type. brownish. Okuzure Kobama. rocky-coast rocky-coast. type. grayish. type. sedentary andesite sedentary. Mocbimume 丘eld type. (丘ne tuff). andesitd. loam. soil (andesit￠. sedentary. gravel. soil (andesite) (andesite). gravel. (andesite). sedentary. andesite. Idosawa Omaezaki. under. rocky-coast. type type. rocky-coast. type. sandy-coast the. light. house. Sbirahama. brownish. bumus丘ne. brownish. bumu$. tuffaceous. grayish丘ne tuffaceous. mudstone sand mudstone. loam. sand.

(13) Genecological. and. mother. rock. pH. of. Horticultural. and. of C.. growing-portion. A1203. MgO. MnO. (形). (ppm). (ppm). (ppm). 7.0 7.0. 35. 0.15 0.08. 7.3 7.5. 50 80. OV. er. 0.12 0.2. 7.2. 40. OV. er. 0.2. 6.9 7.5. 10. OV. er. OV. er. 5.8 5.0 7.0. 5 40 20 90 3 10. 0.2 0.2 0.1. OV. er. 70. 3. 7.1. 60. 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.9. 200 50 200 55 100. er. OV. over. over. 1 20 5 6. 6.5 7.6 7.0 6.0 6.8 7.4. 7.4 7.3. 1 5 3 40 40 20. 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.4. 7.5 6.6 5.5 7.2 7.4. 5 50 100 50 40. over. over over. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.08 0.2. under under. under. 30 30. 120 120. 30. 30. 120 100. 毒すl. 20 20. 100. 30. 50 0 50. 100 100 120. 20 30 30. 50 50 50 70 50. 120 100 120 1/ん0 100. 30 30. 30 20 20. 15. 50. 120. 2 2 2 15 05. 30. 30 30. under. 50 50 50 50 50. 150 120 120 120. 20 20 20 20. 0 0 0. 1 1. 0 0 0 0 0 1. 2 2 10 15 1 08. 120 120 150 120. 30. under. under under. 07 under under. 50 50 70 80 50 50 70 50 50. 0.2. 0. 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.2 0.05. 50 50 50 50. 80 80. 6.4 6.4. 35 10. 5.05 0.12 0.08. 6.4. 15. over. 0.2. 4. 10. over. 0.2. 0 7 1 6 8 7 2. 50 70 50. 0.2. over. under under. 120 120. 0 0 0 0 0. 7.1 6.5. 100. 50 50 70 70. 0. 6.4. over. ト. under. 0.08 0.15 0.01 0.2. 7. under. l. 0 30 100 40. 6. paciPcum.. CaO. 0.08 0.15. 7.2 6.5. 13. P205. 50 170. 5.5 7.2. of Chrysanthemums. (ppm). 7.3 7.2. 7.3. Studies. 0.2 0.08 0.2 0.2. under. under under under under under. under. 50 50 50. 120. 30 20 20 20. 100. 40. 120 100 120. 30 30. 70 120. 20 30. 120 100 120 100. 30 20. 30. 30 20. 120 120. 30 20. 60. 120. 30. 50. 100. 20. 50 70 50. 120 120. 130. 30 20 20. 50. 150. 20. 50. 100. 30. 50. 120 100. 30. 70 120 60. 20. 50 50 50 50. 30 30 30. 5. 4. 45. 0.1. under. 50. 6. 5. 20. 0.1. under. 50. 150 150. 30 30. 120. over. under. 20. over. 0.2 0.2. 50 0. 100 60. 30 30. 7 2 7 4.

(14) 14. s. NAGA加I. C.. Climatological. ln. Table. Hachinobe, Choshi,. 9,. conditions. is. Miyako, Kamakura,. Iwaizumi,. AGENCY, 9･. Temperature. altitude level. sea. of. above. mean. maXlmum. January July. mean. mlnlmum. January July. altitude. level. mean. above. January July. mean. maXlmum. January July. mean. mlnlmum. January July. were. previously. 9.8 27.1. 13.2 27.9. 27.1. line bearing of Cboshi,. the Boso,. (2) In. October. small. populations.. decaploid･ Miura,. of the. year,. Thus. Izu, 234 the. plant. 75. ll.2 27.6 4.9. -7.0. 16.8. 33.7. 22.8. 32.0. 33.5. -17.0. -0.6. Conditions. The. the. outlines. of. are. sociologicaland. are. as. is.found. set. up. coast-. 8 populations. and in. of. follows:. in the. the. Omaezaki,. lm2ふere. constituents. them. caused. Mocbimune, of. the. on. study. of distribution. discontinuity. quadrats. Einol misaki(15). 1.7 25.4. -3.1. r?suits of. Okitsu,. 33.8 -5.1. 910. 3.1. 33.8. the. 32.5. 22.2. 0.1. By. 1.8 21.0. 9.3. 8.4. discontinuity. -1.7 19.9. ･18,1. 47. Populational. the. 10.2 25.7. Toga･ kushi(14). Omaezaki. 23.4. i Choshi(10). -ll.2. 81. the. 33.4 -17.0. 9.1 25.5. 34.5 -10.7. 10. published. stated,. 19.0. Jlma(12). 1)aciPcum-population (NAGAMI, 1955).. (1) as. -2.5. 34.2. 34.4. -8.7 15.1. 27. 7.6. 18.5. -8.4. -5.9 16.6. 20. 26.3. -3.8. Eacbijo･. VI. C.. 4,6 25.6. Kama.. mlnlmum. 1955. 80. -9.1. maXlmum. -1.5 24.7. Minato(9). 5. -0.4 20.8. 3.4 26.8. -17.5. Matsu-. -16.0. above. 880. 38.2. 36.2 -12.1. sbima(7). kura(ll). altitude of station level (孤). 106. 17.2. -15.7. I. zao(5,. -4.2. 35.2. 35.8. sea. (JAPAN. stations.. 4.3 24.7. 16.9. 18.0. station. meteorological Fig. 1).. 47. -5.7. -6.5. mlnlmum. Hinomisaki. and. (see. 1.5. 27.8. maXlmum. ln. 24.6. 3.3. January July. mlnlmum. extreme. 2.2 23.0. 100. (m). extreme. 28. isemmaya(6,. maXlmum. mean. 17. -18.5. of station. Minato,. Miyako(3,. 32.5. station. Nakamura,. 1Hachinohe(2,i メ lwaizumi(4,】. 16.2. mlnlmum. of 15. stations. -4.5. maXlmum. extreme. sea. meteorological. (m). Oma,. places:. 1959).. oma(1'. station. Togakushi,. (oc,1951-1955). 1-15,. station. Matsusbima,. Omaezaki,. Tokyo,. following. the. of. Za°, Semmaya,. Hachijojima,. METEOROLOGICAL Table. temperature. the. given. lzu･islands. the. former. taxonomicalexperiments. 7.

(15) Genecological. were. by the. performed. into. 49. quadrat. 101. method,. 15 genera. found. (coverage. 100%).. (4) The. 15 genera. Chrysanthemum,. Zxeris,. Ligularia,. genera. as. follows. Artemisia. C.. a. Carex. Thunbergii,. strong. the. Ligularia. therefore, decaploid.. kinokuniense),. C.. boreale. C.. MAKINO x. (i) natural. Makinoi).. C･. Konoanum. parental. species. was. 15-25cm.. C･. portion. each. 30cm,. in. this hybrid Of. species. show. followingfive. the. C.. and. are. Shiu)ogiku. C.. MAEINO. (C.. leucanihum. It is the. (MAKINO, 1921). of C.. beigbt,. the. observed. fohnd. diploid. form. of it. its. Several. irregular,. clones The. place.. hexaploid. and也e. ligulate･. white. intermediate. was. two. and. actual. 30-45cm,. bear. to. iogaku-. Konoanum. at也e. x. jaPonense),. line of the mountain.. species. uar.. subsP. Maekau)anum. arcticum. population. were. the. mauritiana,. rupestre, but of C. MakinoixC.. of summit. leaf. Tobira, Elaeagnus. aforesaid. indicumxC.. Togakushi. mixed. are. Cnidium. PittosPorum. (C. APhroditexC.. in Mt.. was. course,. (C.. rupesire),. the. Chino,. Lysimachia. (1940),. (C.. MakinoixC. met. and. about. of 6-9.. (2). one. hybrid. parental. between. the. species. leucanthum. diploid. ancestors. Tokyo,. and. natural. on. And. 且orets. had. author. of the natural hybrid. of C.. KITAMURA. MAKINO. found. dominant. frequency. umbellata,. the. the. and. and. Pleioblastus. no. Conditions. KITAMURA. MakinoixC.. was. not. product, The. two. (C.. But. (5) The. biloba,. KITA肌RA. Shimoiomaii. C.. shiense.. Ogawae. Miyatojimense. morijuium),. Konoanum. of. Wedelia.. and. Chrysanthemum. that. Hybridizational. Naturales”. Erigeron,. iussilaginea,. to. the. 3.3, frequency. CrePidiastrum,. RaPhiolepis. It is clear,. C.. Artemisia,. coverage. Boehmeria. Kobomugi,. "Hybridae. large. in. Achillea,. Sonchus,. u)ichuraiana,. Soldanella,. Chrysanthemum. recorded:. Rosa. Calystegia. etc.. follows:. between. with. the. (Compositae),. of Chrysanthemum.. species. sinensis,. ⅤⅠI. C･. hybrid. ecological aBinities. ln. Solidago,. by. Chrysanthemum:. genus. as. classi丘ed. examined. pacijicum (coverage. is found. condensatus,. asiatica,. macroPhylla,. Picris,. Pacijcum-population. Miscanthus. these. Crepidiastrixeris,. the two. M3'scanthus. :. jaPonicum,. Pinus. between. of. are. above. Cirsium, Paraixeris,. or. in the. species. mentioned. and. were. of Asteraceae. were. C.. 15. quadrats. Among. species. 0.4%). inter-specific. or. two. ＋, frequency. Aster,. inter-generic. following. these. species.. 24 species. Chrysantbemums. of. im. plants. 131. and and. the. Makinoi. other. genera,. Studies. The. (3). author.. families,. were. which. Horticultural. and. of. Kozukue. hybrid. are. is the of seen. detected. in. the. following. places:. Yokohama.. At. in. a. fairly. mixed Mt.. Takao,. large. Kozukue, population. Fucbu,. about of. and. two. the. of. populations. Cbohu. of. of. the. 20. clones. C.. boreale. and. a.

(16) 16. S. NAGAMI. (about. one. small. biotypes. mediate. in. easily. our. 5.. Fig.. At. able to find. C.. Makinoi. (a). d, artificial hybrid･. a. small ,. About. The. 10. met. with. of the. population. former. was. species seen. are. clones. latter decaploid ever. of Hitachi,. Minamikawajiri. C. arcticum.. has. between. (natural hybrid);. ligulate. corolla. diploids. the. of. shows. was. inter-. us. is white. or as. performed. and. C･. leaves,. Left. boreale. (b).. c,. upper-surface;. C.. right. under-surface.. (3). The. the. hybrid. (Fig. 5).. garden. (c, d). This. tbougb. parents,. interbreeding. artificial. Hybrids. leucanthum ones,. diploid. experimental. Makinoi.. of 'C.. clones). of the. The. light-yellow.. ago.. 10. on. is also naturally such. a. natural. south. of. Kuji. hybrid. natural. between by. transplanted. the rocky-coast found hybrid. along as. at. shown. of the. Dr.. in. Fig.. C.. ♪aciPcum. NoEARA. same. coast. 6･. Natural. hybr,ids. (b, c). between. C･. we. many. Minamikawajiri. are. and years. at present.. line.. No. one. MinamikawaJlrl.. was In Kamakura, the artificial hybrid between the decaploids ･ because and the minor且owering, of the di氏culty of cultivation. 1ig1. 2,. paciPeum. (a) and. rarely in. C･. obtained,. autumn,. arcticum･. of.

(17) Genecological. C.. The. arcticum･. and. the pubescent. the. two. (4) sings. hybrid. is. the. Besides. were. C･ pacijiとum. successful,. tbougb. by. terized. the. The in. 8･. No. species･. Fig･. Fig･ g,. 8･. selfs of. 7･. reverse. d of. Hybrids. the. (b, c). (d) between. C. 3-aponense.. C.. pacijicum,. PaciPcum. The. first. between. differences. are. performed, is. The. corolla. are. C.. seen. Makinoi. in. in b,. cros-. jaPonenseXC.. hybrid. C.. a.. charac-. and. its under-surface.,. typical e,. rarely. is. thickened. ovate,. of which. c,. was. plant. results. (a) and. japonense (a) and. Fl. the. and. the. C.. (Fig. 7). crossing. the. following. cultivated.chrysanthemum,. deep-pubescent. tbe丘gure. between. x. successful.. and. C･. No. of the. the products. ligulate-florets,. easily of. ligulate-florets. pbenotype. body.. MakinoixC.. never. white. doubt,. Hybrid. C.. is whitish. Irregularities. intermediate hybrid. aforementioned,. was. 17. arti丘cial hybrid.. jaPonense.. the. crossing. second. Fig･. the. of Chrysantbemums. the irregular, white. inthe. observed. C. Shiu'ogiku,. x. irregular,. leaf, which. pubescent. The. artificially:. ``Hana-isogiku”×C.. and. of leaf･. and. the hybrids. obtained. Pacijicum,. by. also. natural. Studies. is characterized. under-surface. decaploids. between. seen. Horticultural. and. i, and. are. showコ the. of. i in'Fig.. 8.. two But. pacijlcu血(d).. paci&oum. (h).. b,. c,. e,. f,.

(18) S.. 18. they in. be. lnay. called. C.. jaPonense.. the. head. of which,. that. of C.. hybrid,. the. than. rather. to. of the. scence. NAGA班I. Small. doubt,. no. is similar. With. jaPonense.. to. regard. of the leaf, intermediate. under-surface. ligulate-florets. irregular. and. that. to. the. total. are. found. of C.. PaciPcum. form. and. are. characters. pube-. remarkably. observed. The. third. kinds. two. hybrid found,. of. of and. hybrid. hybrid. the. Fig･. 9.. we. 8. Hybrids. 10･. 31aponen8ep. name. Hybrid. (C).. the. can丘nd and. the. (a-m). ". in the. large. Hana-isogiku. C.. between. (b) between. of. the. C･. other. The or. coast. band,. of C.. mutant. chrysanthemum.. developed. easily. On. performed.. easily. Pact.βcumxcultivated. d in Fig.. Fig.. C.. C.. also. Hana-isogiku”-Japanese. that. noticeable. is. crossing 〟. in. similarities. morpbological. is. pacij;Gum. and. cultivated. paci&cumxcultivated. or. rarely It is. garden.. between. (C. Pacijcumxcultivated. ”. are. ♪acijcum,. mutant. the. there. the. chrysan-. chrysanthemum.. cqrysanthemum (a) and.

(19) Genecological. Horticultural. and. Studies. 19. of Cbrysantbemums. themum). The. last crossing. cultivated hybrid. to. similar. following Fertile. (1). C･. Makinoi. C･. Shiu)ogiku. C･. paciPcum. C･. Shiwogiku. (2n-18). C･. Makinoi. (2n-18). C･. Shiwogiku. C･. pacijicum. sampled garden. the. method,. 348. in 1952:. of. From random A.. Total B.. this. over. the form. 1954.. and. The. (2n-90). arcticum. it. the. the. and. of C.. picked. Boso. (31),. is mainly. dealt.. from. following. to. inentioned the. up. Miura. Izu. point. above,. only of the. By. subsmall. Okitsu. (13),. the] individuals. out. Yokohama. the. (79),. transplanted. were. results. the. (47),. parentheses. They. belongs. species. Conditions. were. given. chrysanthemum. ♪acijcum･1eaf. population･. are. (2n-18). other. in these. numbers. small. Below. of C.. ratio. under. (2n-90). arcticum. C.. and. (2n-90). into the uniform University.. leaf. sampled. one. National was. at. observations:. of leaf. form. results. and. (46),. w血ich. paper.. (2n-53-67). (2n-72). paciPcum C.. individuals. individuals. value. or. and. C.. variation. of the. Leaf. Tbe in. each. Shape. :. (2n-53-67). chrysanthemum. Shiwogiku. Variational. Kamakura,. in. conclude. is credible. chrysanthemum. cultivated. C.. (2n-18). Choshi. (19)･. each. may. (2n-90). pacijcum. cultivated. and. (2n-90). niPPonicum. from. one.. we. above,. the. (2n-18). (impossibly crossed) pac･iPcum (2n-90) and C. Makinoi. Omaezaki. and. father. the. 10,. group. paper,. populations. C.. and. (2n-72). VIII. sampling. Fig.. (rarely crossed). group. (2n-18). ln this. boreale. and. (2n-72). fertile. C. and. (2n-90). Makinoi. C･. in. Chrysanthemum-crossing. the. and. (2n-72). C･. C･. to. than. mentioned. on. pacijcumx. it is shown. As. rather. C.. of. (easily crossed). group. Sterile. (3). plant. mother. classification. Inferior. (2). the. hybrid. the. jaPonense.. bybridization-experiments. the. the. C.. and. between. out. carried. chrysanthemum. is. From that. was. Pacijcum-leaf. in Table. 10.. of width/length. of. width/1engtbxlOO. In. Table. ll,. 35. of･the. value. may. is summarized. examined. be. leaf ratio. said of. of. a. is illustrated in. that. leaf is called the. each. small. there. are. width/length.. number. ratio. of width/length. individuals. of. population some. a. of C. pacijicum.. relations. between. is. which From the. leaf.

(20) 20. S. NAGAMI. 10.. Table. Comparison. of a. paciBcun-leaves sampled Izu･, Okitsu-, Mochimune･, and. Omaezaki-populations.. Number by. is shown. small population. ; ovate 17.39. ovate. Boso. 14.50. 45.65. 17. 33.59. 0. 48.94. 2. type. narrow. narrow. obovate. I. Cboshi. of individuals. percentage.. type. round. of. ･name. from. form. of the total Boso-, Miura-,. Choshi･,. 39. lalnaCteeO1 0blanceolate. :la.;;?i?. oblong. elliptic. 4.35. 13.04 19.85. 0. 2.17. 5.34. linear. 0. 3.82. 6.10. 0. 16.79. 0. Miura. 2.13. 4.26. 0. 0. lzu. 2.53. 7.60. 2 53. 7.60. 54.43. 5.07. 3.80. 5.07. Okitsu. 0. 7.69. 0. 7.69. 15.39. 23,08. 23.08. 23.08. 0. Mochimurle. 0. 0. 0. 7.69. 53.85. 7.69. 23.08. 7.69. 0. 15.79. 10.53. 0. 16.95. 19.25. 10.53. Omaezaki total. Table. ll.. 10. 52.63. 9.19. Eacb. individuals,. the. shows. number. ratio. 35. over. C.. 2.59. 8.62. in. the. parentheses. 35. total. Choshi. 46. ). 46. Boso. 89. 67.94. 42( 32.06). 131. Miura. 39. 82.98. 8( 17.02). 47. 0(. lzu. 6. 7.60. Okitsu. 2. 15.38. Mocbimune. 0. Omaezaki. 14. tot左1. 196. C.. Leaf. C.. will be. Table D.. paciPcum presented,. of left processes,. number. 0. 73( 92.40). 79. ll( 84.62). 13. ). 13. 13(100 5( 26.32). 73.68. 19. 348. 152( 43.68). 56.32. margin. ln general, processes. 0. in. found. Omaezaki･populations.. of width/length. under. 100. 0. pacijlcum-leaves. and. each number individuals. of. of small population. 4.89. and. leaf. name. are. percentage. of. 0 11.39. 0. 0. 4.59. of width/length of the ratio Izu-, Miura-, Okitsu･, Mochimune･,. Boso-,. tbe. In. 53. 3 74. 30.17. 8.51. Comparison. Choshi-,. the. 34.04. 13. 12,. are. shown. Thickness. Tbe. normal. able. to丘nd. characteristic It is considered. the. has. dentate. for example, and. the. leaves.. The. 2/3. The. as. 3. numeral. numbers 2 in. numeral. the. of. number. dentate-. 2/3 indicates. of. right. ones.. of this observation.. results. of leaf leaf of decaploid some. of the that. thick. leaves. plant. growing. heavy. is about each. salt spray. on. in. 0.6-1.2mm. 1.5-4.0 the. mainly. mm.. Such or. rocky-coast causes. the. thickness. leaves in. are. the. thickness. But. we. frequently sandy-coast. of leaves. in.

(21) Genecological 12.. Table. Comparison C.. of. Horticultural. and. of the. Studies. number. left and right of individllals. of. Number. pacijlcum-leaves.. of the parentheses, in the individuals. outside of. 5/4 dentate-processl. 4/4. and. 21. Chrysanthemums. of. dentate-processes. isgiven. percentage. parentheses.. 1. 4/3. 1. 3/4. 1. 3/3. Cbosbi. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Boso. 0. 1. 1. 0. 7( 5.34). Miura. 0. 0. 0. 1. lzu. 0. 0. 0. 2(2.53). 8(10.ll). Okitsu. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1( 7.69). Mocbimune. 1. 1 7.69. 0. 0. 2. Omaezaki. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. total. 1. 2 0.57. 2(0.57). 2/3. 2/2. dentate-process. (7.69) (0.29). (0.76). 3/2. i. Cboshi. (0.76). (5.62). (2.13). 3( 6.38). 3(0.86) 1. 21( 6.04) 1. 2/1. (30.43). (15.39). 1/2 2. (4.35). 0. 0. 14. Boso. 6( 4.58). 1. 60. (45.80). 5(10.87) ll( 8.40). Miura. 3( 6.38). 3(6.38). 32. (68. 09). 1( 2.13). 1. 40. (50.70). 6( 7.60). 6(46.15) 3 (23.08). 1( 7.69). 5(6.33) 1 (7.69). 0. 1(7.69). (0.76). lzu. 5( 6.33). 3(3.80). Okitsu. 2(15.39) 2 (15.39). 0. 3(15.79). 1. Mochimune Omaezaki. 0. 21( 6.04). total. dentate￣process. ∈. Cbosbi. ll. (5.26). ≡. 1/1. 】. 1/0 1. 3( 6.38). 0. 0. 0. lzu. 9(ll.40). 0. 0. 1(1. Okitsu. 2(15.39). 0. 0. 0. 2(15.39). 1. 0. 0. 1( 5.26). 0. 0. 0. 3 0.86. 6. Boso. Miura. Mochimune Omaezak. i. total. decaploid.. paper. of. 1eafed. Particulars. NAGAMI is. plant. the. as. (1952),. the. E.. Salt_tolerance. By. the. following. compared. with. the leaves. from. the 8 wild. method, other species. a. the. deep. 1. (0.76). (0.57). is. large. painted. 70. 46. 1(0. 76. 131 47 79. 27. 13 13 19. L. 7. 348. 2). leaf will be given follows_: and. colour amount. of. (1). the. brilliance ash. in the. (2.6. thickon. the. times. as. salt-tolerance.. remarkable. degree. as. total. 4(8. 6(1. thickened. green. a. chrysanthemums: was. (2.17). which. of. it has. this,. leaf), and. its. 1. or. normal. outline by. distinguished. normal. 7.69. of the. (2) Besides. upper-surface. much. 1. 64(18.39). the. (2.17) (0.76). (6.90). 】. 0/0. 19(41.30) 28 (21.37). (5.26). 24. 25( 7.18). 0/1. (2.13). 1. 1( 5.26). (47. 70). 166. 8(2.30). (57.90). 13(9.92). of salt-tolerance on. the. 0.004-0.006. of C.■paciPcum. upper-surface g. sea･water. of each. was. of. (Na 1.150%.

(22) S. NAGAA(I. 22. in. dry. 1 in. Dec.. once. substance) 1952.. The. Table. day,. a. of sea-water. 13.. results. Sea-water-tolerance. for丘ve. lasted. wbicb. are. paintin?. of leaf. in east. (mm). (after. 5. to. 13･. sea-water-tolerance. of. sea-water. control. 27. Japan.. locality. species. Nov.. in Table. shown. of 8 chrysanthemrums. thickness. from. days. leaf. (after 5 days). painted. days). (invariable). N. Kawarago. 0.65. 0.80. B. Cbigira. 0.10. 0.13. M. Mt.. Nokogiri. 0.25. 0.15. ＋. (partially dead). 氏. Mt.. Bandai. 0.60. 0.65. ＋＋. (partiallydead). T. Mt.. Togakushi. 0.60. 0.65. ＋＋. Sbirabama. 0.60. 0.70. ＋＋＋＋＋. (partiallydead) (invariable). Hinomisaki. 0.45. 0.50. ＋＋＋＋＋. Sunosaki. 0.54. 0.59. ＋＋＋＋＋. (invariable) (invariable). Zusbi. 0.62. 0.78. ＋＋＋＋＋. (invariable). Omaezaki. 0.40. 0.44. ＋＋＋＋＋. (invariable). Kohama. 0.45. 0.46. ＋＋＋＋＋. (invariable). Senzu. 0.84. 0.90. ＋＋＋＋＋. (invariable). Mitsune. 0.72. 0.80. ＋＋＋＋＋. (invariable). Nonai. 0.53. 0.55. ＋＋＋＋＋. (invariable). 1X C.. is,. morifolium The. chapter. NIWA. ages. summary. of which. Ⅰ. Edible II.. has. been a. published is shown. (dead). Conditions. principal. mostly. classi丘cation. of. i'n. cultivated. in the. to. material. the. be. Japanese. dealt. in. gardens. horticultural. this for. plantン the. following:. cbrysantbemums. Ornamental血rysanthemums a.. Spi･ing. chrysanthe血tl血s. b.. Summer. chrysanthemums. c.. Autumn. chrysanthemums. i.. Normal. d. Among. Winter. chrysanthemums. l). Large且owered. 2). Medium. 3) ii.. bothjn. the. course,. of. spe&es (1936). _. Horticu.1tural. ＋＋＋＋＋. chrysanthemums ,flowered Smallflowered chrysanthemums. Anomalous. and. chrysanthemums. chrysanthemums. the above･mentioned. number. chrysanthemums. in variety.. chrysanthemums, Besides. NIWA. the autumn. hones. (1936),thereーarealso. are some. greatest. classifi-.

(23) Genecological. cations. another. The. ones. sort. is found. in. of cultivated. ln. China. the. to. came. record. in. 丘ne. the. GoDDARD, As. been. C.. the. of A.D.. been,. the. though. may. noticeable. is found. After. as. and. a. eventually. that. it gradually. valuable are,. still. plant. in Japan. our. of. by. raised. especially. in. was. morifolium. 386.. countries,. (1). 1940):. NAKAI. following. the. morifolium,. KITA班URA,. 1936;. C.. three. indicum. many. (WooLMAN,. (1891),. (1933), NIWA. (1902),.STAFF. and. theory..‥. (2). others,. (3) interbreeding. and. have. theories. (2n-36). (1950),. (1861), BAII.EY. theory‥‥MAEINO. (1872), HEMSLEY. from. chiefly. theory. such. Moreover. the. results. But. it is a. among. long. theory‥‥. (1936), KITAMURA. lt may. that. indicum,. useful. (1940). (1940),. many. the. is. (1). C.. x. plant. one. in. species. of the. and. other. natural or. in. or. as. species in. of species-complexes and. (3) wild. cbrysantbemu血s. China. While. intercrosse岳of. horticultural. wild. intra-breeding. or. China.. originating. arti丘cial selection. Japan.. chrysanthemums that. considered. the. following. chrysanthemum,. smallflowered. white. or. hybrids C.. are. of horticultural. value.. Pacijicum,. arcticumxC.. and. chrysanthemum.. arcticumxsmallflowered. having. jaPonense,. has. morifolium. respectively.. various. considered.the. selecting. arciicumxsmall且owered. C. pacijicum. C.. of Chrysanthemum. species. be. C/. jaPonense from. C.. that. opinions. C.. and derived. was. and. of inter-. period. New. indicum. KITAMURA. conceivable. the. maintained. plant as. crossing. of. many. C.. C.. the. which. chrysanthemums genus.. have. (2) -theories. and. developed. variety,. therefore,. plants,. forth.. so. (1). C.. C.. that. recognized. have. C.. of. origin. jaPonense (2n-54). after. The. nowereq. "small. the. of. chrysanthemum-cultivation. garden,. (1784), BENTHA班(1861),. MAXIMOWICZ. is the. of. in different. (NIWA,. offered. and. is. 1953).. for. THUNBERG. species. species.. the year. varieties. chrysanthemum-improvers 1953;. the. gave. chrysanthemumsH. heptaploid,. It is said. in. Japan. to. cultivated. Many. country.. Committee. chrysanthemum. earliest. China. be. (1914). number. or. horticultural. (CoNFUCIUS, 500B.C.). from. Floral. and. flowered. the. and. hexaploid. the. Origin. brought. large. ”. the. of. of. B.. Li-Ki. 23. BAII.EY.. (mode, 60). a. considered. BAILEY. (1912).. (mode, 54) (SHIA40TO班AI, 1933).. as. beteroploidy. the. number. 2n-53-55. as. (1953). of BAILEY. hortorum. 2n-53-67. as. ”. of Chrysantbemums. conditions. chromosome. reported. Studies. ones. England. of. name-C.. Chromosomal. the. as. such. Society. scientiBc. A.. be. plant,. National. the. of. the. of. Horticultural. and. light-pink. chrysanthemum: corolla.. Thoughthe. It is. a. sma11丑owered. natural. hybrid. is.

(24) 24. S. NAGAMI. found. Minamikawajiri. at. garden.. beigbt. middling. and. (2) easily. C.. (about. thoughC.. corolla,. characterize. hybrid.. fied. the. hybrid. that C.. of. varieties, is about. plant. in the. ”. Ⅲana-isogiku. white. 45. Occasionally. cm.. in. This. chrysanthemum.. bearing. C.. (about. is. plant. be. safely. the. one. of the. products. The. borticulturalists. some. cm). identi-. are. corolla.. and 30. (1940). It may. Japan. irregular-formed. and. On. Ponicum.. cultivated. the. the in. expected. BuRBANE's. niPPonicum. that. clear. made. L.. that. said. introducing. plant. in. the. the. him. be. will. (2n-over. small. height. breed. 90). of breeding. C.. is. arcticum. the. of. plant. KuRONO,. promoted. But. it. of. been C.. niPmay. ruPestre. the. introducing. has. never. C.. Thus. 1957). by. obtained. by. was. and. unseasonal且owering. (NAGA班I and. garden. Daisy course. by. used. hand,. other. the. Shasta. genes. chrysanthemums. themum. the. variability wild. of. chrysan･. genes.. X l.. In. this paper. Japan.. The. follows:. 1Chrysanthemum. ruPesire. (18), C.. As. 67). is 9.. it. and. C･. and. the 21. C.. to. de丘nite generally. diploid be. C. are･the. author's. consider. In as. C.. Makinoi. chromosome C.. is the. east. numbers). are. as. boreale. (18), C.. boreale. kinokuniense C.. of the. octoploid, cultivated. C. and. genus. rui)estre C.. C.. (53-. morifolium. number and. (72),. are. Pacijicum. chrysanthemum,. ones.. wild. analysis. (unpublished),. Chrysanthemum-polyploid other. in. (18), C.. uar.. and. found. are. (90),and. Shiwogiku. morifolium. karyotypical each. ancestor.. estimated. Makinoi,. genecological. chromosome. Shiwogiku. basic. hexaploid,. 8 species the. C.. nipponicum,. decaploids.. other. C.. the. generally,. author's which. Maekawanum. subsP.. iogakushiense. From. somatic. (18), C.. (54),. arcticum. the. of. chrysanthemums,. their. niPPonicum. C.. arcticum. present. (and. Su.mmary. and results. ■of the. used. known. is. the. shown. togakushiense. Therefore. diploids,. are. materials. (90),C.. PaciPcum. Conclusions. investigations. horticultural. at. MATSUM.. the. White. KITAMtJRA. (MAXIM.). called. growth. height. chrysanthemum:. 〟. of. and in. varieties.. low. and. vigorous. pot.. It is. be. somewhat. salt-tolerance,. Decaisneanum. plants. difBcult. of the small且owered. one. large. pacijicumxcultivated. flowered the. of the. most. the. salt-tolerance,. is very. artificial hybrid. is. arcticum. C.. as. in. artificially. ligulate一月oret, great. This. paciPcumxsmallflowered. this. said. irregular. developed. cm).. It is also. irregular-shaped. C.. 40. it is also. pacijicum:. of Kamakura.. (3). by the. arcticumxC.. cultivated,. garden. Hitachi,. of. It is characterized. words,. allopolyploids,. not. these. as. polyploids. autopolyploids.. it. is. derivative investigated. di氏cult of. one. may.

(25) Genecological. C.. 3. c.. to. PaciPcum,. between are. similarities. be. can polyploids 4. Between. It is also. that. and. that. that. some. natural. of the. three. C.. coastal bear. plants. tion.. Cl. is found. that of the. means ". by. especially. 6. shows. large a. high.. of the band,. connected. left and the with. largest. is. there. in. proportion. in. the. to. Chrysan･. and. fact. a. been. of the. in. the. and. :. conception. (C･. C.. and. It may in. inorganic. the be. may. thus. the. be. question subto. explained. is caused. micro-evolution. (salts),and. Makinoi. salt-absorp-. prototype. by. bigb. togakushiense)I. plant-body･. affected. habitat･. the. species. the. to. seems. extraordinal. and. from. poly-. above-mentioned. an. thefield. of the. it. genus,. of salt-tolerance. being. View. coastal. factor. (SⅡⅠ班OTOMAI, 1933). ”. to. prototype. contain. raised. the. supports. bybridization･. (C. ruPestre degree. of natural. occurrence. effecting. portion. for. adaptability of the. leaf-form,. polyploidy. geological. the. the. of. is. which. dentate-processes of. raised. polyploidy. or. of. coastal. Tbese. 7. be. con-. is. Polymorpbism. species.. ovovate,. be. shown. the. ratio. small. and. conditions,. abilities may. generally. may. leaf-shape. conditions. the. form･. external. in. variation the. high. of. right. the. arciicum). with. ornes. degree the. three. micro-evolutions･. variability. especially. observed. other. has￣strong. PaciPcum. with. nected. ratio. C.. a. the. substances. of these. also. C･. the -following. acctlmulation. distribution. ancestral. comparing. hypothesis. the. used,. is not. natural. leaves,. has. the. and. distribution-areas･. vertical. Such. and. growing. inorganic. the. or. for. by. cell divisioh,. abnormal. by introducing. extent. the. polyploidy. sHIMOTOMAI's. stances.. the. in. even. the. show. ecological. that. polyploids. wild. serves. from. mountain. genus. and. supposition. (C. nipponicum,. a. are. similarities. Japan･. increased. plant-body,. are. observing. (C. togakushiense). vertical. areas. thickened. the. of the. considered. some. the. ecological. of polyploidy. or. east. form. spray. few. (C･ Shiu,ogiku),. the. i:hrysanihemum･ be. KoMAROV. Especially. morpbological. four. degree. PaciPcum,. the. to. and. chrysanthemums. boreale) and. coast. by. C.. of salt in. and. in. the. of horizontal. of evわlution. salt. species). amount. by. process. Shiwogiku,. (C.. ploids. diploids. in. Pallasianum. prototype･. of horizontal. must. allopolyploidy the. diploid. advancing. hybridization. On. 5.. will lead. found. C･. hexaploid. facts. of distribution. overlapping. the. us. the. and. deal of similarities. great. characters･. While. the extent. series. interspecific. addition. wild. continuity. ihemum-polyploid The. four. a. this, large. the. a. concerning. clear. extent. to. bear. octoploid. to. between. These. traced the. law. de丘nite. the. found. also. the. species.. coastal. (C. ruPestre).. diploid. In. two･. two. the. from. decaploid. the. ruPestre,. morphological. essential. of the. pbenotypes. found. no. the. 1907),. distinguish. to. able the. in. C･. togakushiense,. 25. of Chrysanthemums. researched,. material. C.. shiu'ogiku,. (KoMAROV,. main. Studies. tlorticultural. and. as. of. 2/2.. and. the. On. the. widl血/length. populations. is. (Choshi,.

(26) 26. s. NAGAMI. Boso･ to. Miura,. rock. safely. that. said. of differentiation. is important. Tbese. C･ n. ploids･. clearly. said. the. coastal. ecotype.. mentioned. also. suggest. The. the has. in. the. prototype. so-called dispersed. periphery,. in. that. the. local. The. horizontal. are. populations. differentiation. distribution-area. the coastline,. along. is. 3. about. in. this畠rea. about. From. facts,㌔ it may. these. 1951). is about. Of. 7,076,325 the. course,. tive. abilities. and. many. which. 8･ species. of the. In. are. and. the. bacijicum･. plant. body. cultivated. growing. a. hybrid. Besides. is. about. degree. of. center. to. periphery. of. the line of Chosbi-. fact. a. the species to. suggest. 471,755 from. m. the. is about. area. lm2. population･. by a. the. supported the. by. production. dispersion. us. in length. sboreli血e.. 1,415,265 in. areJ-seen. m2. general.. size ･(DoBZEANSKY,. large. the of. reproduc-. abundant. is also supported. by. seeds the large. seed.. portion,. chrysanthemums. in Japan-ese. Such. and. and. isolatio血of. Such. for. the. is. Such. stemst. the. or. raised. the. At. by. the. 1955).. known. clearly. C･ pacijicum. the. Hana-isogiku C･. (NAGAA(I,. that. 1953,. decaploid-dispersion. subterranean. salt-tolerance. individuals. be:, concluded. As. present. portions. be. --might. in breadth. m. that ･tbe decaploid-growing five. these. from. pacijcum. tberefore･. In. In. distribution. advancing.. It is estimated, width･. of the. variability. genus.. surrounded. now. one. the. distributed. observed･. of C･. the vertical. and. area. of. ｡f the. n.t. and. speciation･. might. of. evidence. and. Chrysanthemum-poly･. series. of the discont･inuity. account. an. the. in the. be. coastal. tendency. of the C. bacijicum. of. decaploid. the. a. species,. of. discontinuity･. in the. by. as. regarded. tendency. a. of C. pacijicum. caused. peninsulas･. stage. the. is found On. local-species. Boso. species. showing. Omaezaki-Torisbima･ small. series. the center. the丘rst the. distribution. population,. be. It may. total. displays. adaptability. and. type. evolving. in the. that. leaf. plant. Chrysanthemum-polyploid. of. sometimes. the. the. of Miura. advances,. the decaploid. a. aqueous-. leaves. clear the. is. which. of allopolyploidy. estimated. continuously. allopolyploidy. thickened. the. Omaezaki).. in. is. That. narrow-type. makes. species. sbquld. of. that. presence. south. local. such. above. considered. author. is located. that. pacijicum is (STEBBINS, 1950). to us. and. variability,. one. species. It is. of. Mochimune,. of the. be. into. that. depleted. 71. proof. It may. its. plants. bearing. the. in. mainly. leaf-variation. of the. the existence. of C. Pacijicum.. observed. the. and. into. pacijicum. variabilities. fact. plant. a. are. Okitsu,. comparison. of C･. as. conditions･ differentiating. ”. (Izu･. Moreover,. population･. the. a. leaves. Miura). and. zone. Omaezaki). and. round-type. Boso,. igneous-rock. the. Mochimune,. bearing. (Cboshi,. zone. be. Okitsu,. the plants. say. in. Izu,. the hybrid. is characterized. the. natural. is occasionally there by. hybrid found.. is also found. its､ーfew ligulate. between. the. It is called the mutant.f ,florets. on. the.

(27) Genecological It is the. head.. question. KITAHURA. radiatum. and. Horticultural. for. us. be. to. solved. or. whether. C･. not. PaciPcum. (KITAn(URA, 1940). KITAMURA. βPavo-radiatum. and. 27. of Chrysanthemums. Studies. α･. the. are. respectively.. mutant. From. 9.. the to. acceptable. C.. example. an. hypothetic. of. 1igulate-Aoret. no･. the following. (1-8),. above. mentioned. It is. us･. having. themums and. results. Fig.. chrysan-. C･ Shiwogiku,. C. togakushiense,. (C. rupestre,. the. of. pedegree. be. ll may. Pacijicum). C.. (diploid). A. rupestre, I I. J ?ー. (tetraploid). J togakushien8e. C.. (bexaploid). C.. (octoploid). uar.. -. J Shiwogiku kinokuniense. 一. l 1 1. J CIL.paoijioum-. (decapioid) ll.. Fig.. 10. the. Among. the. somatic. of the. cultivated. (mode, 60),. 53-67. Many. two. any. wild. one. have. been. are. valuable. by -many. obtained in. x. on themum. -have. TEUNBERG. such. pacijicum, between. ,. and. some. the. C.. are. some. follow:. as. and. C･. Aowered. that. the. genotypes. the. allopolyploid,. different. and. species. -1'hus not. wild. jaPonense,. is. Chrysanthemum-species･ an. the. C･ is. an. a. kind. arcticum,. or. C･. performed. easily. out. conclusion. autopolyploid. (1936),etc･. It may. be. of species-complex,. brought the. ･. cbrysantbemum. ones･. small且owered. cbrysantbemum. of the. (1933),NIWA. hybridization. The and. cultivated. C.. theory-･･. ･. between. indicum,. chrysan-. BAILEY. (1902),STAFF. found. one.. cultivated. (1950), etG'･∴(2) ､C_･ (3) ∫i;ntercrossi甲theory∴. (1891),一and. C.. cbrysantbemums. will be. small且owered. Pacijicum,. of the. origin. (1928),. NAKAI. are. boreale,. small. of different. morifolium. them. of. between. hybrids･. (1) Cこ･indicum'(2n-36). (1889), HENRY. wild. di#erent. containing. and these. arcticumxC･. the. on. ･MAEINO. similarities. Makinoi,. said, therefore,. c,ossing. theory-. various. C.. C.. following:. (1861),. (1872), HEMSLEY. Especially, as. in,the. BENTIIAn(. jaPonense (2n-54) MAXI班OWIZC. arti丘cial hybrids. or. Examples. ones. small且owered. Among. inyestigators･. theories. three. beengiven. (1784),. the. have. ones. chrysanthemum･. hand,. other. flowered. chrysanthemums. chrysanthemum,. cultivated. the. wild. horticultural丘eld.. the. drcticumxcultivated. A?ciPcum. the. or. chrysanthemums. large. and. natural. ligulate･且oret･. no. the. chrysanthemums,. of. chromosomes. baying. cbrysantbemums. (mode, 54) (SHIMOTO班AI,1933).. 53-55. c.. Pedegree. ---. by t.he inter･ is that. in its genotype･. C･.

(28) 28. S.. NAGAA(I. Literature BAII･EY,. L･. 1914･. H･. Stand･. Cycl.. Dictionary. 1950.. -.. DoBZHANSKY,. 755.. p.. Horticulture.. of. 1951.. Th･. Hort,. Cited. Genetics. York,. New. Origin. the. and. of Species.. New. York.. Columbia. Univ.. Press. FuJIMOTO,. H･. GoDDARD,. J･ Ⅲ･ 1953,. HALL,. R･. 1951･. B･ & A･. HENRY.. The. 1902.. JAPAN. The. 6:. KITAGAWA,. M･. S. 1940.. KoIKE,. K･. &. XXXI:. AGENCY,. 1959.. Tokyo.. 18;. Literature.. and. 555-557,. 157-207.. 585-586.. 301∼302.. The. Temperature. 1960.. Geol.. Journ.. Bot.. Vol.. of Japan,. 1951-1955.. 35. No.. 5:. γol. 1. No.. 9.. 287.. Japan.. of. National. See.. Univ.. S°i. Rep.. Yokohama. National. Univ.. Sec.. 1954.. S°i. Rep.. Yokohama. National. Univ.. 1955.. S°i. Rep.. Yokobama. National. Univ,. 1956.. S°i. Rep.. Yokobama. National. Univ.. 1957.. 丁ap. Jour. Genet. KuRONO1. T･. ⅠⅠ.No.. 1:. 9∼27.. ⅠⅠ.No.. 2:. 50∼58.. Sec.. No. ⅠⅠ.. 3:. 36 ∼48.. Sec.. ⅠⅠ.No.. 4:. 12′〉25.. Sec.. ⅠⅠ.No.. 5:. 9∼15.. 73∼74.. 32:. 1957･. 146-147.. Eyoto.. Tokyo,. Yokohama. Sci. Rep.. II.. Flora. of the Geography.. Plant. 1936･. Jap.. Japonicae. Soc. Jap. 57:. 1953.. S･ &. ,. London.. S°i., Arts. γol. ⅤⅠ: 521-523,. Illustrations. S. 1952.. NAGAA(I. Michigan. Vol.. Jour.. G･. NAGAMI,. Treasury. Acad.. Gardeners'Chronicle.. Compositae. 18911. MASAn4UNE,. 1933･. S. NAGAA(Ⅰ.. 1951. T･. Chrysanthemum. 1∼315.. KITAMtJRA,. MAEINO,. New. Gardeners'Chronicle.. M即EOROLOGICAL Vol.. Tokyo.. District.. The. WATABE;･. 1889･. HEMSLEY･. Kanto. Sci.. Yokohama. Rep.. National. Univ.. See.. II. No.. 6:. 7∼10. NAKAI,. T･. NIWA,. 1928,. T･. Bot･. 1936･. NoⅡARA,. S･. N.. 1933･. Vol.. Ecology. 1947.. Polyploidy N.. &. ∼204. N. SEI班OTO班AI,. &. Hist.. XLII:. Tokyo.. 35:. T,. Ser.. ち, Diy.. 2,. Chrysanthemums.. of. 2:. 1-100.. Tokyo.. 182-199.. (Tokyo):. TAKEn40TO.. 367-376.. Univ.. Cytogenetics. and. 492-495.. Tokyo.. Japan.. of. Jour. S°i. Hiroshima. 1935. SHIMOTOMAI,. Tokyo.. Jour. Nat.. 1937･. SⅡIMOTOMAI,. Mag.. Chrysanthemums. 1939.. Jour. Sci. Hiroshima. Univ.. Ser.. B,. Div.. 2, 3:. S°i. Hiroshima. Univ.. Ser.. B,. Diy.. 2,. 201. R･. TANAEA.. 1952.. Jour.. 6:. 39∼44. STEBBINS,. L.. G.. Jr.. 1950.. Variation. Evolution. and. in Plants.. New. York.. Columbia. Univ.. Press. StJGIURA,. T.. 1937.. TAⅡARA,. M.. 1914-1915･. (8),(9), R･. TJIO,. T.. WooLMAN,. J.. 845.. Tokyo･. Vol.. A.. LEVAN.. 1950.. 1950･. Bull･. Geogr.. 1953.. 29:. No.. 336, (491-493),. No.. (48-50)･ Imp.. Univ.. Jour. Sci. Hiroshima Cytologia.. 冗. & A･. 340,. Mag･. Jour･ Coll. S°i.. 1952.. 1960.. WATABE,. F. ∫. N.. Bot･. q15),No･. 1921･ TANAKA,. Cytologia.. Chrysanthemums. 25.. No.. An Surv.. Tokyo.. Univ. 1:. B,. 1-57. Div.. 2,. 6:. 45-49.. 43∼58.. Aula. Dei.. Inst.. for. 43:. Ser.. Vol.. Garden. 2:. 21∼64. 2.. and. Exhibition.. London.. 337-339,. (6),(7),.

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