Доклад о мировых инвестициях (2007 год)

ɄɈɇɎȿɊȿɇɐɂə ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɈȻɔȿȾɂɇȿɇɇɕɏ ɇȺɐɂɃ ɉɈ ɌɈɊȽɈȼɅȿ ɂ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂɘ

ǬǶDzdzǨǬ

ǶǴǰǸǶǪȃǽ

ǰǵǪǭǹǺǰǾǰȇǽ



Ɍɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ



ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ

,

ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ



ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ



ɢ

ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ

Ƕȉ

ȏȖȘ





 ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə ɈȻɔȿȾɂɇȿɇɇɕɏ ɇȺɐɂɃ ɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤ ɢ ɀɟɧɟɜɚ, 2007 ɝɨɞ

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ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ 30-ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɘɇɄɌȺȾ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ɉɬɞɟɥ ɩɨ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɦ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ (ɈɂɌɉ) ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɵɦɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɈɂɌɉ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɉɂɂ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɞɚɱɭ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱥɤɰɟɧɬ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ, ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ "ɫɬɪɚɧɚ", ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɟ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦ; ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɢɥɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɥɢɦɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ Ɉɬɞɟɥɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ. ɗɬɨ: Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ: ɫɬɪɚɧɵ - ɱɥɟɧɵ ɈɗɋɊ (ɤɪɨɦɟ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɢ Ɍɭɪɰɢɢ) ɩɥɸɫ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɈɗɋɊ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɫɬɚɜɲɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ (Ʉɢɩɪ, Ʌɚɬɜɢɹ, Ʌɢɬɜɚ, Ɇɚɥɶɬɚ, ɋɥɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɗɫɬɨɧɢɹ), ɩɥɸɫ Ⱥɧɞɨɪɪɚ, ɂɡɪɚɢɥɶ, Ʌɢɯɬɟɧɲɬɟɣɧ, Ɇɨɧɚɤɨ ɢ ɋɚɧ-Ɇɚɪɢɧɨ. ɋɬɪɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ: ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ ɢ ɋɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ: ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ. ɍɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɘɇɄɌȺȾ. Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɚɯ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɹ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ɞɜɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ (..) ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ. ɋɬɪɨɤɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɢ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɧɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ; ɩɪɨɱɟɪɤ (-) ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ ɢɥɢ ɧɢɱɬɨɠɧɨ ɦɚɥɚ; ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɚ ɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɧɨɟ; ɤɨɫɚɹ ɱɟɪɬɚ (/) ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɞɚɦɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 1994/95 ɝɨɞ) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ; ɬɢɪɟ (-) ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɞɚɦɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 1994-1995 ɝɨɞɵ) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɝɨɞɵ; "ɞɨɥɥɚɪɵ" ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɥɥɚɪɵ ɋɒȺ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɧɨɟ; ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢɧɨɟ, ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ; ɜɜɢɞɭ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ. UNCTAD/WIR/2006 (Overview) ɉɨɫɟɬɢɬɟ ɜɟɛɫɚɣɬ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɵ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ: www.unctad.org/wir

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ȼɕɊȺɀȿɇɂȿ ɉɊɂɁɇȺɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ 2007 ɝɨɞɚ (ȾɆɂ07) ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɥɚ Ⱥɧɧ Ɇɢɪɭ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɢ Ɍɨɪɛɶɟɪɧ Ɏɪɟɞɪɢɤɫɫɨɧ, Ɇɚɫɚɬɚɤɚ Ɏɭɞɡɢɬɚ, Ʉɚɥɶɦɚɧ Ʉɚɥɨɬɚɣ, Ⱦɟɜɶɹɧɢ Ʉɢɬɚɪɭɬ, Ⱦɨɧ Ⱦɠɟ Ʌɢ, Ƚɭɨɣɨɧ Ʌɹɧ, ɉɚɞɦɚ Ɇɚɥɥɚɦɩɚɥɥɢ, ɇɢɤɨɥɶ Ɇɭɫɫɚ, Ⱥɛɪɚɯɚɦ ɇɟɝɚɲ, ɏɢɥɚɪɢ ɇɜɨɤɟɚɛɢɚ, ɀɚɧ-Ɏɪɚɧɫɭɚ ɍɬɪɟɜɢɥɶ, Ɍɨɦɚɫ ɉɨɥɥɚɧ ɢ Ⱥɫɬɪɢɬ ɋɭɥɫɬɚɪɨɜɚ. ȼɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ʉɭɦɢ ɗɧɞɨ, Ⱦɠɚɫɬɢɧ Ɏɢɲɟɪ, Ƀɨɚɯɢɦ Ʉɚɪɥ, ɏɚɮɢɡ Ɇɢɪɡɚ, ɒɢɧ Ɉɯɢɧɚɬɚ, Ɉɥɥɟ ɗɫɬɟɧɫɫɨɧ, Ƀɨɪɝ ȼɟɛɟɪ ɢ Ⱦɠɟɣɦɫ ɑɠɚɧɶ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ Ɇɨɯɚɦɟɞ ɒɢɪɚɡ Ȼɚɥɢ, Ȼɪɟɞɥɢ Ȼɨɣɤɭɪɬ, Ƀɨɜɚɧ Ʌɢɱɢɧɚ, Ʌɢɡɚɧ Ɇɚɪɬɢɧɟɡ ɢ Ɍɚɞɟɥɶ Ɍɚɣɟ. ɇɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɫɬɚɠɟɪɵ Ⱦɚɧɚ Ⱥɥɶ-ɒɟɣɯ, Ⱦɚɪɶɹ Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ, ɇɢɥɶɫ ɏɟɣɫɬɟɤ ɢ ɋɚɜɟɣɫ ɏɨɫɟ ɋɚɞɟɝɶɹɧ. ȾɆɂ07 ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ ɤ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɭ Ɋɨɡɚɥɢɧɚ Ƚɨɣɟɧɚ, ɒɚɧɬɚɥɶ Ɋɚɤɨɬɨɧɞɪɚɧɢɛ ɢ Ʉɚɬɶɹ ȼɶɺ. Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ȾɆɂ07 ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɚ Ɍɟɪɟɫɢɬɚ ȼɟɧɬɭɪɚ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ - ɉɪɚɜɢɧ Ȼɯɚɥɥɚ. ɋɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɬɧɢɤ - Ⱦɠɨɧ ɏ. Ⱦɚɧɧɢɧɝ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ȾɆɂ07 ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɜ ɀɟɧɟɜɟ ɜ ɦɚɟ 2007 ɝɨɞɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɌɇɄ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɦɚɪɬɟ ɢ ɚɩɪɟɥɟ 2007 ɝɨɞɚ: ɩɟɪɜɵɣ - ɜ ɋɚɧɬɶɹɝɨ, ɑɢɥɢ (ɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɞɥɹ Ʌɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɢ Ʉɚɪɢɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ), ɜɬɨɪɨɣ - ɜ ɏɚɧɨɟ, ȼɶɟɬɧɚɦ (ɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢɚɬɨɦ ȺɋȿȺɇ), ɢ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ - ɜ Ɋɚɧɞɛɭɪɝɟ, ɘɠɧɚɹ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ (ɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɘɠɧɨɣ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ "Ɇɢɧɬɟɤ"). ȼɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ȼɟɤɟɥɟ Ⱥɦɚɪɟ, Ƚɥɟɧɧ Ȼɚɧɤɫ, Ⱦɚɦɢɚɧ Ȼɪɟɬɬ, ɉɢɬɟɪ Ȼɚɤɥɢ, ɍɦɛɟɪɬɨ Ʉɚɦɩɨɞɨɧɢɤɨ, Ɏɪɟɞɪɢɤ Ʉɟɣɜɭɞ, Ʉɟɧ ɑɭ, Ɇɟɥɚɧɢ Ʉɥɟɪ, Ʉɢɦ ɗɥɥɢɧɝ, ɏɚɦɟɞ ɗɥɶ-Ʉɚɞɢ, Ɏɥɨɪɟɧɫ ɗɧɝɟɥ, Ɇɚɝɧɭɫ ɗɪɢɤɫɨɧ, Ʉɢɬ Ⱦɠɟɮɮɟɪɢɫ, Ɍɨɦɚɫ Ⱦɠɨɫɬ, ɉɨɥ Ⱦɠɭɪɞɚɧ, Ⱥɛɛɚ Ʉɨɥɨ, Ɋɨɦɢ Ʉɪɟɦɟɪ, Ⱦɠɨɡɟɮɚɬ Ʉɜɟɤɚ, Ȼɪɚɣɚɧ Ʌɟɧɞ, Ɇɚɣɤɥ Ʌɢɤɨɫɤɢ, Ʉɚɪɢ Ʌɢɭɯɬɨ, ɒɟɪɜɢɧ Ɇɚɞɠɥɟɫɢ, ɘɫɭɮ Ɇɚɧɫɭɪ, Ⱦɠɨɧɚɫ Ɇɨɛɟɪɝ, ɉɢɬɟɪ Ɇɭɤɥɢɧɫɤɢ, ɋɢɥɚɧɟ Ɇɜɟɧɟɱɚɧɶɹ, Ƀɢɧɤɚ Ɉɦɨɪɨɝɛɟ, Ⱥɧɬɨɧɢɨ Ɇ. Ⱥ. ɉɟɞɪɨ, ɇɟɪɭ ɉɢɥɚɣ, Ɇɟɥɢɫɫɚ ɉɚɭɷɥɥ, Ɇɚɪɢɚɧɧ Ɋɚɞɟɰɤɢ, ɏɭɚɣɱɭɚɧɶ ɀɭɣ, Ⱦɠɟɧɧɢ Ɋɚɣɞɟɦɚɧ, ɉɟɞɪɨ ɋɚɣɫ, Ɉɫɜɚɥɶɞɨ ɍɪɫɭɚ, ɗɦɚɛɥɶ ɍɜɢɡɟɣɟ-Ɇɚɩɟɧɞɚɧɨ, ɉɟɬɟɪ ȼɚɯɬɪɚ, ɗɜɟɥɢɧ ɜɚɧ Ɇɢɥɥ, Ɋɨɛ ɜɚɧ Ɍɭɥɞɟɪ, ɉɢɬɟɪ Ɂɚɲɟɜ ɢ ɋɛɢɝɧɟɜ Ɂɢɦɧɢ.

Ɉɛɡɨɪ iv Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ Ɇɭɪɚɬ Ⱥɥɢɫɢ, Ɋɨɪɢ Ⱥɥɚɧ, Ʌɭɢɫ Ⱥɥɜɚɪɟɫ, ɗɪɦɚɧ Ⱥɦɢɧɭɥɥɚ, ɂɡɚɛɟɥɶ Ⱥɧɟɥɥɢ, Ɍɭɬɚɦ Ⱥɧɬɢɩɚɫ, Ȼɟɧɞɠɚɦɢɧ ɇ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɪɢɢ, Ƀɨɡɟɮ Ⱥɫɦɟɥɚɲ, ɇɢɥ Ȼɚɪɬɶɟɫ, Ⱦɭɝ Ȼɚɧɧɟɪɦɚɧ, Ⱦɢɚɧɚ Ȼɚɪɪɨɭɤɥɚɮ, Ʉɥɚɭɫ Ȼɪɟɧɞɨɭ, ɉɟɪɥɚ Ȼɭɷɧɪɨɫɬɪɨ, Ȼɨɧɧɢ Ʉɟɦɩɛɟɥɥ, ɗɞɭɚɪɞɨ ɑɚɩɚɪɪɨ, ɑɚɪɥɢ ɑɚɪɭɜɚɫɬɪ, Ⱥɥɟɧ Ʉɥɚɪɤ, Ⱦɠɟɪɟɦɢ Ʉɥɟɝ, Ⱦɠɨɧ Ʉɨɭɥ-Ȼɟɤɟɪ, ɏɟɪɦɚɧ Ʉɨɪɧɢɥɫɨɧ, Ƚɪɷɦ Ⱥ. Ⱦɷɣɜɢɫ, ɉɟɪɫɚ ɗɤɨɧɨɦɭ, Ɋɨɞ ɗɝɝɟɪɬ, ɗɪɜɢɡɚ ɗɪɦɚɧɧ, ɉɟɬɪɭɫ Ɏɭɡɢ, ɋɬɢɜɟɧ Ƚɟɥɛ, Ɋɢɱɚɪɞ Ƚɭɞ, Ⱦɠɨɧ Ƚɪɭɦ, Ɇɚɪɬɢɧ ɏɚɧ, Ȼɟɧ ɏɚɦɦɭɞɚ ɏɚɤɢɦ, Ɏɚɛɪɢɫ Ⱥɬɷɦ, ɗɧɞɪɸ ɏɟɣɦɚɧ, ɋɶɸɡɚɧ ɏɟɣɬɟɪ, Ʉɚɰɭɸɤɢ ɏɢɝɚɟ, Ⱦɷɜɢɞ ɏɚɦɮɪɢɡ, Ƚɚɛɨɪ ɏɭɧɶɹ, Ƚɪɚɰɢɹ Ƀɟɬɬɨ-Ⱦɠɢɥɥɢɫ, Ɋɚɞɠɢɜ Ⱦɠɟɣɧ, Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɨ Ʉɨɡɭɥɶ, ɋɬɢɜ Ʌɟɧɚɯɚɧ, Ⱦɢɪɞɪɟ Ʌɶɸɢɫ, Ɇɚɣɤɥ Ʌɢɦ, ɉɨɥ Ɇɢɬɱɟɥɥ, Ɋɟɤɯɚ Ɇɢɫɪɚ, ɏɟɫɭɫ Ɇɨɪɚ Ʉɨɧɬɪɟɪɚɫ, ɏɭɚɧ Ʉɚɪɥɨɫ Ɇɨɪɟɧɨ-Ȼɪɢɞ, Ɇɚɣɤɥ Ɇɨɪɬɢɦɨɪ, ɏɚɞɫɨɧ Ɇɬɟɝɚ, ɋɨɞɯɢ ɇɚɣɤɟɪ, Ȼɨɣɤɨ ɇɢɬɰɨɜ, Ⱦɠɟɪɚɥɞ ɉɚɱɭɞ, ɉɚɜɢɞɚ ɉɚɧɚɧɨɧɞ, Ʌɨɪɪɟɣɧ Ɋɭɮɢɧɝ, Ɂɚɜɚɪɟɯ Ɋɚɫɬɨɦɞɠɢ, Ⱥ. ɗɞɜɚɪɞ ɋɚɮɚɪɶɹɧ, Ɏɟɪɧɚɧɞɨ ɋɚɧɱɟɫ Ⱥɥɶɛɚɜɟɪɚ, Ⱦɠɨɧ ɂ. Ɍɢɥɬɨɧ, ɉɢɬɟɪ ɍɬɬɢɧɝ, Ʉɢ ɏɜɢ ȼɢ, ɋɭɡɚɧɧɚ ȼɭɥɮ, ɑɚɧɰɢ ɍ ɢ Ɏɪɢɞɚ ɘɫɫɟɮ. ȼɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ȾɆɂ07, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜɧɟɫɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ, ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜ, ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ. ȼ ɫɛɨɪɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɌɇɄ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɥɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɗɪɚɡɦɚ Ɋɨɬɬɟɪɞɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɋɨɬɬɟɪɞɚɦ. ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢɚɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɢ, ɉɨɥɶɲɢ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɨɪɟɢ, ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ, Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɒɜɟɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ.

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ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ ɋɬɪ. Ɉɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɢɤɭ 2000 ɝɨɞɚ… ... 1 …ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɋɢɉ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ… ... 3 …ɢ ɜɵɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ... 4 ɌɇɄ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɵɧɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ. ... 7 Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɉɂɂ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɉɂɂ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɘɝ-ɘɝ. ... 7 Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɉɂɂ, ɯɨɬɹ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ. ... 13 ɉɂɂ ɜ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɪɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɥɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜ. ... 15 ɉɪɢɬɨɤ ɉɂɂ ɜ ɘɠɧɭɸ, ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɢ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɭɸ Ⱥɡɢɸ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ 200 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ. ɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɨɡɪɨɫ ɢɯ ɨɬɬɨɤ… ... 16 …ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɉɂɂ ɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɭɸ Ⱥɡɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɛɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɤɨɪɞɵ. ... 17 ɂɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɪɟɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɉɂɂ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ Ʌɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɢ Ʉɚɪɢɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ, ɢ ɨɬɬɨɤ ɉɂɂ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɬ. ... 18 ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɉɂɂ ɜ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɭɸ ȿɜɪɨɩɭ ɢ ɋɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɥɢɫɶ ɲɟɫɬɨɣ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ… . 19 …ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. ... 20 ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɢ. ... 21 GE.07-51550 (R) 030907 040907

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ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ (ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ) ɋɬɪ. ɌɊȺɇɋɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɕȿ ɄɈɊɉɈɊȺɐɂɂ, ȾɈȻɕȼȺɘɓȺə ɉɊɈɆɕɒɅȿɇɇɈɋɌɖ ɂ ɊȺɁȼɂɌɂȿ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɰɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɵ, ɧɟɮɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɝɚɡ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɌɇɄ ɜ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ... 23 ɍɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ ɢ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɫɵɪɶɹ… ... 24 …ɨɬɪɚɠɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɢ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɦɢɪ ɌɇɄ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɝɨɪɧɨɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ, ɚ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ - ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. .... 26 ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɌɇɄ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɦɢ. ... 30 Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɌɇɄ ɜ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ… ... 32 …ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ… ... 33 …ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ. ... 35 ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ… ... 37 …ɪɚɜɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɌɇɄ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ... 38 Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɣ ɨɬɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ… ... 41 …ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɌɇɄ. ... 43

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ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ (ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ) ɋɬɪ. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɚ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ, 2007 ɝɨɞ: Ɍɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ... 45 ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ ... 61 Ⱥɧɤɟɬɚ... 67 Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ 1. Ɉɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɉɂɂ, 20 ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, 2005, 2006ɝɨɞɵ... 3 2. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ ɜ 2007–2009 ɝɨɞɚɯ: ɨɬɜɟɬɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɘɇɄɌȺȾ... 22 3. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜɜɟɡɟɧɧɵɯ ɉɂɂ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, 2005 ɝɨɞ ... 26 4. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɛɵɱɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɭɞ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ, 2006 ɝɨɞ ... 27 5. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɛɵɱɟ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ,ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ, 2005 ɝɨɞ... 28 Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ 1. ɉɨɬɨɤɢ ɉɂɂ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ, 1995-2006 ɝɨɞɵ... 2 2. Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɂɂ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, 1982-2006 ɝɨɞɵ... 6 3. 25 ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɧɟɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɌɇɄ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ, 2005 ɝɨɞ... 9 4. 25 ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɧɟɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɌɇɄ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ, 2005ɝɨɞ ... 11

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ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ (ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ) ɋɬɪ. 5. ɉɚɪɬɧɟɪɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉɂɂ: ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɜɜɟɡɟɧɧɵɯ ɉɂɂ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚ: 20ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɚɪ, 1985, 1995, 2005 ɝɨɞɵ... 13 6. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, 1992-2006 ɝɨɞɚ ... 14 7. 10ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯɝɨɪɧɨɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɦɢɪɚ, ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ, 2005ɝɨɞ... 29 8. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɌɇɄ ɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ, ɢɸɧɶ 2007 ɝɨɞɚ ... 39

Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ, 2007 ɝɨɞ

Ɍɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ

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ɈȻɁɈɊ

ɉɈȼɋȿɆȿɋɌɇɕɃ ɊɈɋɌ ɉɂɂ

Ɉɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɢɤɭ 2000 ɝɨɞɚ… Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɝɨɞ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɉɂɂ ɜɵɪɨɫ ɜ 2006ɝɨɞɭ - ɧɚ 38% – ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ 1 306 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥɚɪɨɜ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɪɞɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ 1 411 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ., ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ, ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɦɢɪɚ. ȼ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ ɉɂɂ ɪɨɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ: ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɘɝɨ-ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɢ ɋɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ (ɋɇȽ). Ɋɨɫɬ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɥɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɚɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɥɨ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ (ɋɢɉ). ɇɚ ɋɢɉ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ, ɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɢ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɪɟɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɜɨɡɢɦɵɯ ɉɂɂ: ɜ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ, ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ 30% ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɬɨɤɚ ɉɂɂ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɦɢɪɟ ɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ 50% ɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɥɢɲɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ. ɏɨɬɹ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɉɂɂ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 45%, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɜ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɟɬ, ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ 857ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ., ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɉɂɂ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɪɞɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ: ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 379 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ. (ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 21% ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 2005 ɝɨɞɚ) ɢ 69 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ. (ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 68%) (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1). ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚɬɵ ɜɟɪɧɭɥɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɡɚ ɧɢɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɢ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ (ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ 1). ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɉɂɂ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɥɢ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɣ, Ƚɨɧɤɨɧɝ (Ʉɢɬɚɣ) ɢ ɋɢɧɝɚɩɭɪ, ɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ - ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɭɸ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɸ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɉɂɂ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɌɇɄ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ 84% ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɡɚ ɉɂɂ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɉɂɂ ɢɡ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɒɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɵɜɨɡɢɦɵɯ ɉɂɂ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ (ȿɋ), ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ, ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɦ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɟ (ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ). ɌɇɄ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ ɜ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥ Ƚɨɧɤɨɧɝ (Ʉɢɬɚɣ), ɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ - Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɉɂɂ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ 193 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ., ɱɬɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 16% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɡɚ ɉɂɂ.

Ƕ

ǩǯǶǸ

2 Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ, 2007 ɝɨɞ: ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ Ɍ ɚɛɥ ɢɰ ɚ 1. ɉɨɬ ɨɤ ɢ ɉ ɂɂ ɩɨ ɨɬ ɞɟ ɥɶ ɧɵ ɦ ɪɟɝ ɢɨ ɧɚɦ , 1995-2006 ɝɨ ɞɵ ɉ ɪɢ ɬɨ ɤ ɉ ɂ ɂ Ɉ ɬɬɨ ɤ ɉ ɂ ɂ Ɋɟ ɝɢ ɨɧ /ɫɬɪ ɚɧɚ 1995-20 00 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1995-20 00 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 ( ɋɪɟɞ ɧɟɝ ɨɞ ɨɜ ɨɣ ɩɨ ɤɚ ɡɚ ɬɟ ɥɶ ) (ɋɪɟɞ ɧɟɝ ɨɞ ɨɜ ɨɣ ɩɨ ɤɚ ɡɚ ɬɟ ɥɶ ) Ɋɚ ɡɜ ɢɬ ɵ ɟ ɫɬ ɪɚɧɵ 543, 9 609, 0 442, 3 361, 2 418, 9 590, 3 57, 5 638, 5 662, 2 488, 2 504, 0 746, 0 706, 7 1022, 7 ȿɜɪ ɨɩ ɚ 326, 2 392, 7 314, 6 277, 1 209, 2 495, 0 566, 4 450, 6 454, 5 280, 0 308, 5 394, 5 691, 2 668, 7 ȿɜ ɪɨ ɩɟ ɣɫ ɤɢ ɣ ɫɨɸɡ 312, 9 381, 6 307, 3 256, 7 204, 2 486, 4 531, 0 421, 3 435, 0 265, 7 286, 7 359, 9 608, 8 572, 4 ə ɩɨɧɢɹ 4, 6 6, 2 9, 2 6, 3 7, 8 2, 8 - 6, 5 25, 1 38, 3 32, 3 28, 8 31, 0 45, 8 50, 3 ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒ ɬɚ ɬɵ 169, 7 159, 5 74, 5 53, 1 135, 8 101, 0 175, 4 125, 9 124, 9 134, 9 129, 4 258, 0 - 27, 7 216, 6 Ⱦ ɪɭ ɝɢɟ ɪɚɡɜ ɢɬ ɵɟ ɫɬ ɪɚɧ ɵ 43, 3 50, 6 44, 0 24, 6 66, 0 - 8, 5 122, 2 36, 9 44, 5 40, 9 37, 3 62, 6 - 2, 5 87, 1 Ɋɚ ɡɜ ɢɜ ɚɸ ɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬ ɪɚɧɵ 188, 0 212, 0 166, 3 178, 7 283, 0 314, 3 379, 1 74, 3 80, 6 47, 9 45, 4 117, 3 115, 9 174, 4 Ⱥɮ ɪɢ ɤɚ 9, 0 20, 0 13, 6 18, 7 18, 0 29, 6 35, 5 2, 4 - 3, 0 0, 3 1, 3 2, 1 2, 3 8, 2 Ʌɚ ɬɢɧɫ ɤɚ ɹ Ⱥ ɦɟ ɪɢ ɤɚ ɢ Ʉɚɪ ɢɛ ɫɤ ɢɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣ ɧ 72, 6 78, 5 54, 3 44, 7 94, 3 75, 5 83, 8 21, 1 36, 5 12, 1 21, 6 27, 8 35, 7 49, 1 Ⱥ ɡɢɹ ɢ Ɉɤɟɚɧɢɹ 106, 3 113, 6 98, 4 115, 3 170, 7 209, 1 259, 8 50, 8 47, 1 35, 4 22, 4 87, 5 77, 8 117, 1 Ⱥɡ ɢɹ 105, 8 113, 5 98, 3 115, 0 170, 0 208, 7 259, 4 50, 8 47, 1 35, 4 22, 4 87, 5 77, 7 117, 1 Ɂɚ ɩɚ ɞɧ ɚɹ Ⱥ ɡɢɹ 3, 3 7, 2 5, 6 12, 4 20, 8 41, 6 59, 9 0, 8 - 1, 1 1, 5 - 2, 3 8, 1 13, 4 14, 1 ȼ ɨɫɬ ɨɱɧɚɹ Ⱥ ɡɢɹ 70, 7 79, 1 67, 7 72, 7 106, 3 116, 3 125, 8 39, 6 26, 1 27, 6 17, 4 62, 9 49, 8 74, 1 Ʉɢ ɬɚ ɣ 41, 8 46, 9 52, 7 53, 5 60, 6 72, 4 69, 5 2, 0 6, 9 2, 5 2, 9 5, 5 12, 3 16, 1 ɘɠɧɚ ɹ Ⱥ ɡɢɹ 3, 9 6, 4 7, 0 5, 5 7, 6 9, 9 22, 3 0, 2 1, 4 1, 7 1, 9 2, 2 2, 6 9, 8 ɘɝɨ -ȼɨɫɬ ɨɱ ɧɚɹ Ⱥ ɡɢɹ 27, 9 20, 7 18, 0 24, 5 35, 2 41, 1 51, 5 10, 2 20, 7 4, 7 5, 3 14, 2 11, 9 19, 1 Ɉɤɟɚɧɢɹ 0, 5 0, 1 0, 1 0, 3 0, 7 0, 4 0, 3 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 0 0, 1 0, 1 0, 0 ɘɝɨ -ȼɨɫɬ ɨɱ ɧɚɹ ȿɜ ɪɨɩɚ ɢ ɋɇ Ƚ 8, 8 11, 5 13, 4 24, 2 40, 3 41, 2 69, 3 2, 0 2, 7 4, 7 10, 7 14, 0 14, 6 18, 7 ɘɝɨ -ȼɨɫɬ ɨɱ ɧɚɹ ȿɜ ɪɨɩɚ 2, 7 4, 3 4, 3 8, 4 13, 4 15, 1 26, 3 0, 1 0, 1 0, 6 0, 2 0, 2 0, 6 0, 6 ɋɇ Ƚ 6, 1 7, 3 9, 1 15, 8 26, 9 26, 0 42, 9 1, 9 2, 5 4, 1 10, 6 13, 8 14, 0 18, 1 ȼ ɫɟ ɫɬ ɪɚɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ 740, 7 832, 6 622, 0 564, 1 742, 1 945, 8 1305, 9 714, 8 745, 5 540, 7 560, 1 877, 3 837, 2 1215, 8 Ⱦ ɥɹ ɫɩɪɚɜ ɤɢ : ɞɨ ɥɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɚɯ ɨɬ ɨɛ ɳ ɟɦɢɪɨɜ ɨɝɨ ɨɛ ɴɟɦɚ ɉɂɂ Ɋɚ ɡɜ ɢɬ ɵ ɟ ɫɬ ɪɚɧɵ 73, 4 73, 2 71, 1 64, 0 56, 4 62, 4 65, 7 89, 3 88, 8 90, 3 90, 0 85, 0 84, 4 84, 1 Ɋɚ ɡɜ ɢɜ ɚɸ ɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬ ɪɚɧɵ 25, 4 25, 5 26, 7 31, 7 38, 1 33, 2 29, 0 10, 4 10, 8 8, 9 8, 1 13, 4 13, 8 14, 3 ɘɝɨ -ȼɨɫɬ ɨɱ ɧɚɹ ȿɜ ɪɨɩɚ ɢ ɋɇ Ƚ 1, 2 1, 4 2, 2 4, 3 5, 4 4, 4 5, 3 0, 3 0, 4 0, 9 1, 9 1, 6 1, 7 1, 5 ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ : UNC T A D, Wor ld Inves tment Repor t 2007: Tr ans nation al C o rpor ations , Extr active Indus tr ies and Devel opment , ɬɚ ɛɥɢ ɰɚ B.1 ɩɪ ɢɥɨ ɠɟ ɧɢ ɹ ɢ ɛɚɡ ɚ ɞɚ ɧɧɵ ɯ ɩɨ ɉ ɂ ɂ /Ɍɇ Ʉ ( w ww .u n ctad .o rg /f d istatis tics).

Ɉɛɡɨɪ 3 Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ 1. Ɉɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɉɂɂ, 20 ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, 2005, 2006 ɝɨɞɵɚ (Ɇɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ.) a) ɉɪɢɬɨɤ ɉɂɂ b) Ɉɬɬɨɤ ɉɂɂ -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ɋɚɭɞɨɜɫɤɚɹ_Ⱥɪɚɜɢɹ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɹ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɹ Ɍɭɪɰɢɹ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɹɋɢɧɝɚɩɭɪ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ ɓɜɟɰɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ_{Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ} Ʌɸɤɫɟɦɛɭɪɝ Iɂɬɚɥɢɹ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ Ƚɨɧɤɨɧɝ,Ʉɢɬɚɣ Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ Ʉɢɬɚɣ Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ_{Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ} ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ_ɒɬɚɬɵ 2006 2005 175 101 140 194 --35 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɹ ɂɡɪɚɢɥɶ Ʉɢɬɚɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɂɪɥɚɧɞɢɹȺɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɹ ɇɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɵ ɒɜɟɰɢɹ Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɹ ɂɬɚɥɢɹ Ƚɨɧɤɨɧɝ,Ʉɢɬɚɣ Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ əɩɨɧɢɹ Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɹ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ_ɒɬɚɬɵ 2006 2005 217 -28 115 121 143 -33

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2007: Transnational Corporations,

Extractive Industries and Development,ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ B.1 ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ

ɉɂɂ/ɌɇɄ www.unctad.org/fdistatistics). a ȼ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ ɜ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ. …ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɋɢɉ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ… ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɉɂɂ ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɋɢɉ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɢ ɜ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ (ɧɚ 23%, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɜ 880ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ.), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ (ɧɚ 14%, 6 974 ɫɞɟɥɤɢ), ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɩɢɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɋɢɉ, ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ. Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɞɨɜɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ, ɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɛɭɦɚ ɋɢɉ ɤɨɧɰɚ 90-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɚɡ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɚɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɧɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ. ȼ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɭɠɟ 172 ɦɟɝɚɫɞɟɥɤɢ (ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɫɜɵɲɟ 1 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ.), ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɪɟɬɟɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɋɢɉ. ɗɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɵ ɢ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɵ. ȼ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ

4 Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ, 2007 ɝɨɞ: ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɋɢɉ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɭɞɜɨɢɥɫɹ. ȼ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɍɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɮɢɪɦ "Ɍɟɥɟɮɨɧɢɤɚ" ɢ "Ɏɟɪɪɨɜɢɚɥ") ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ 78 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ., ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɪɞɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɟ ɲɢɪɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɯ, ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ (17ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ.) ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ "ɂɧɤɨ" (Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ) ɛɪɚɡɢɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ ɄȼɊȾ. ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɋɢɉ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ. ȼ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ ɨɧɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɋɢɉ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɜ 158 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ., ɱɬɨ ɧɚ 18% ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ 2005 ɝɨɞɚ. ɗɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɩɢɬɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɦ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɵɧɤɚɯ. ɑɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɪɢɫɤɨɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɵ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɛɢɪɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢ ɜɩɪɟɞɶ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɋɢɉ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɯ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɧɟ ɭɞɚɫɬɫɹ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɪɹɞɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ: ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɰɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɢ; ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɢɪɦ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɥɝɨɜɟɱɧɵɦ. ȼɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɦ, ɱɟɦ ɤ ɉɂɂ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɵ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɜɨɥɶɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɋɢɉ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. …ɢ ɜɵɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜɧɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɥɨ ɜ 2006 ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɝɨɞɨɦ ɪɚɧɟɟ. Ɉɛɴɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ, ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 78 000 ɌɇɄ ɢ ɢɯ 780 000 ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɢɫɶ, ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ 18%, 16% ɢ 12% (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2). ɇɚ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ 10% ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ȼȼɉ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ Ʉɢɬɚɣ, ɚ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɹɞɚ ɌɇɄ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 15 ɥɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɌɇɄ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ.

Ɉɛɡɨɪ 5 Ɂɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 1990 ɝɨɞɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɚɯ ɌɇɄ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ, ɯɨɬɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɉɂɂ ɪɨɫ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ. ɋɚɦɨɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɵ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɟ: ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɢɯ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ 24 ɦɥɧ. Ɂɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 2001-2004 ɝɨɞɨɜ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɜ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɚɯ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɒɬɚɬɚɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 5,1 ɦɥɧ. ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. ȼ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɒɬɚɬɨɜ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɦɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ, ɢɯ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ (9 ɦɥɧ.) ɫɪɟɞɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɉɂɂ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɦ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɜɜɟɡɟɧɧɵɯ ɉɂɂ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ, ɜ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ - ɩɨɱɬɢ ɞɜɟ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ 49% ɜ 1990 ɝɨɞɭ - ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɜɟɡɟɧɧɵɯ ɉɂɂ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɨɫɥɚ ɞɨɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ. ȼɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɥɹ ɫɧɢɡɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ 41% ɜ 1990 ɝɨɞɭ ɞɨ 30% ɜ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ, ɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɦɟɧɟɟ 10% ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɜɜɟɡɟɧɧɵɯ ɉɂɂ. Ⱦɨɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɉɂɂ, ɫɧɢɠɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ, ɜ 2000-2005 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ. ɗɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɦɨɝɥɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɭ ɢ ɞɨɛɵɱɭ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɹɞ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɋɢɉ (ɫɦ. ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ).

6 Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ, 2007 ɝɨɞ: ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ Ta ɛɥ ɢɰɚ 2. Ɉɬ ɞɟɥɶ ɧɵɟ ɩɨɤ ɚɡ ɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɂ ɂ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚ ɪɨ ɞɧɨɝ ɨ ɩɪ ɨɢɡɜ ɨɞɫ ɬɜ ɚ, 1982-20 06 ɝɨ ɞɵ (B ɦɥɪ ɞ. ɞɨ ɥɥ .ɢ ɩɪɨɰ ɟɧ ɬɚ ɯ) ɋ ɬɨɢɦ ɨɫɬ ɶ ɜ ɬɟɤ ɭɳ ɢɯ ɰɟɧɚ ɯ Ƚɨɞ ɨɜ ɵɟ ɬɟ ɦɩ ɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɫ ɬɚ (ɜ ɦɥɪɞ .ɞɨ ɥɥ .) (ɜ %) ɉɨ ɤɚ ɡɚ ɬɟ ɥɶ 1982 1990 2005 2006 1986-19 90 1991-19 95 1996-20 00 2003 2004 2005 2006 ɉ ɪɢɬ ɨɤ ɉɂɂ 59 202 946 1 307 21 7 22 0 40 0 -9 3 31 6 27 4 38 1 Ɉɬ ɬɨ ɤ ɉɂɂ 28 230 837 1 216 24 6 17 3 36 4 3 6 56 6 -4 6 45 2 ɋɭ ɦɦɚɪ ɧɵ ɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧ ɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ 637 1 779 10 048 11 993 16 9 9 4 17 4 20 6 16 9 5 0 19 4 ɋɭ ɦɦɚɪ ɧɵ ɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵ ɜɟ ɡɟɧ ɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ 627 1 815 10 579 12 474 17 7 10 6 17 3 18 1 15 6 4 2 17 9 Ⱦɨɯ ɨɞ ɨɬ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ 47 76 759 881 10 4 29 2 16 3 37 5 33 2 28 9 16 0 Ⱦɨɯ ɨɞ ɨɬ ɜɵɜ ɟɡɟɧ ɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ 46 120 845 972 18 7 17 4 11 8 38 0 38 4 24 7 15 1 Ɍɪ ɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢ ɱɧɵɟ ɋ ɢɉ ɚ 151 716 880 25 9 b 24 0 51 5 -19 7 28 2 88 2 22 9 Ɉɛ ɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɞ ɚɠ ɢɧɨɫɬ ɪɚɧɧɵ ɯ ɮ ɢɥɢɚ ɥɨ ɜ 2 741 6 126 21 394 c 25 177 c 19 3 8 8 8 4 26 6 15 0 3 0 c 17 7 c ȼ ɚɥɨ ɜɚ ɹ ɩɪɨɞ ɭɤɰɢɹ ɢɧɨɫ ɬɪ ɚɧɧɵ ɯ ɮ ɢɥɢɚ ɥɨɜ 676 1 501 4 184 d 4 862 d 17 0 6 7 7 3 21 1 15 9 6 3 d 16 2 d ɋ ɨɜ ɨɤ ɭɩɧɵɟ ɚɤɬ ɢɜ ɵ ɢɧɨɫ ɬɪ ɚɧɧɵ ɯ ɮ ɢɥɢɚ ɥɨɜ 2 206 6 036 42 637 e 51 187 e 17 7 13 7 19 3 26 0 -1 0 9 3 e 20 1 e ɗɤɫɩɨɪ ɬ ɢɧɨɫɬ ɪɚɧɧɵ ɯ ɮ ɢɥɢɚ ɥɨ ɜ 688 1 523 4 197 f 4 707 f 21 7 8 5 3 3 16 1 f 20 5 f 10 7 f 12 2 f ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬ ɶ ɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɧɢɤ ɨɜ ɢɧɨɫ ɬɪ ɚɧɧɵ ɯ ɮ ɢɥɢɚɥɨɜ ( ɬɵ ɫ. ɱɟ ɥ. ) 21 524 25 103 63 770 g 72 627 g 5 3 5 5 11 5 5 7 3 7 16 3 g 13 9 g Ⱦ ɥɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɤ ɢ ȼȼɉ ( ɜ ɬɟ ɤɭ ɳ ɢɯ ɰɟ ɧɚ ɯ) 12 002 22 060 44 486 48 293 h 9 4 5 9 1 3 12 3 12 4 7 7 8 6 ȼ ɚɥɨ ɜɵ ɟ ɜɥɨɠɟ ɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɧɨɣ ɤɚɩɢ ɬɚɥ 2 611 5 083 9 115 10 307 11 5 5 5 1 0 12 6 15 5 4 8 13 1 ɉɨɫ ɬɭ ɩɥɟɧ ɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞ ɟ ɪɨ ɹɥ ɬɢ ɢ ɥɢɰɟ ɧɡ ɢɨ ɧɧ ɵ ɯ ɩɥ ɚɬ ɟɠ ɟɣ 9 2 9 123 132 21 1 14 6 8 1 12 4 19 2 9 6 7 2 ɗɤɫɩɨɪ ɬ ɬɨ ɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɮ ɚɤɬ ɨɪɧɵ ɯ ɭɫɥ ɭɝ 2 124 4 329 12 588 14 120 13 9 8 4 3 7 16 1 20 5 10 7 12 2 ɂɫ ɬɨ ɱɧ ɢɤ : UNC T A D, Wor ld I n ves tm ent R ep o rt 2 0 07: T ra n sn a ti o n a l C o rpor a ti ons , E xtr ac ti ve I n dus tr ie s an d D eve lo pm en t, ɬɚ ɛɥɢ ɰɚ I. 4 . a Ⱦ ɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɟɸɬɫ ɹ ɬɨɥ ɶɤɨ ɫ 1987 ɝɨɞɚ . b Ɍɨ ɥɶ ɤɨ 1987 -1990 ɝɨɞɵ . c Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɟ ɫɥɟɞɭ ɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɭɪ ɚɜ ɧɟɧɢ ɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ ,ɭ ɜɹɡɵɜ ɚɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɨɛ ɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɞ ɚɠ ɫ ɫɭ ɦɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɨɛ ɴɟɦɨɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧɧɵ ɯ ɉ ɂ ɂ ( ɜ ɦɥɧ .ɞɨ ɥɥ .) ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1980-2 004 ɝɨɞɨɜ : ɨɛ ɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɞ ɚɠ = 1 853+1, 945 * ɫ ɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛ ɴɟɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧ ɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ . d Ⱦ ɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɟ ɫɥɟɞ ɭɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɭɪ ɚɜ ɧɟ ɧɢ ɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ , ɭɜ ɹɡɵɜ ɚɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɚ ɥɨ ɜɨ ɣ ɩɪ ɨɞ ɭɤ ɰɢ ɢ ɫ ɫɭ ɦɦɚɪ ɧɵ ɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧ ɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ ( ɜ ɦɥɧ . ɞɨ ɥɥ .) ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢ ɨɞ 1982-2 004 ɝɨ ɞɨ ɜ: ɜɚ ɥɨɜ ɚɹ ɩɪɨɞ ɭɤ ɰɢɹ = 679+0, 349 * ɫ ɭɦɦɚɪ ɧɵɣ ɨɛ ɴɟɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ . e Ⱦ ɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɭɪ ɚɜ ɧɟɧɢ ɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢɢ ,ɭ ɜɹɡɵ ɜɚɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɚɤ ɬɢ ɜɨ ɜ ɫ ɫɭ ɦɦɚɪɧ ɵ ɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧɧɵ ɯ ɉ ɂ ɂ ( ɜ ɦɥɧ .ɞɨ ɥɥ .) ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1980-2 0 04 ɝɨɞɨɜ : ɨɛ ɴɟɦ ɚɤɬ ɢɜ ɨɜ = -1 ,523+4, 395 * ɫ ɭɦɦɚɪɧ ɵ ɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟ ɧɧ ɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ . f Ⱦ ɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɚ 1995 -1997 ɝɨ ɞɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɟ ɫɥɟɞ ɭɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɭɪ ɚɜ ɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫɫɢ ɢ ,ɭɜ ɹɡɵɜ ɚɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɩ ɨɪɬ ɢɧɨɫ ɬɪ ɚɧɧɵ ɯ ɮ ɢɥɢɚɥɨɜ ɫ ɫɭ ɦɦɚɪ ɧɵɦ ɨɛ ɴɟɦɨɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧ ɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ ( ɜ ɦɥɧ . ɞɨ ɥɥ .) ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ 1982-199 4 ɝɨɞɨɜ : ɨɛ ɴɟɦ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬ ɚ = 285+0, 628 *ɫ ɭɦɦɚɪɧ ɵ ɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧ ɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ . Ⱦ ɥɹ ɩɟɪɢɨ ɞɚ 1998-2 006 ɝɨɞɨ ɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨ ɥɭ ɱɟɧ ɢɹ ɫɬ ɨɢ ɦɨɫɬ ɧɵ ɯ ɩɨɤ ɚɡɚɬ ɟɥɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ ɡɨ ɜɚ ɥɚɫɶ ɞɨ ɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɪ ɬɚ ɢɧɨɫɬ ɪɚɧ ɧɵ ɯ ɮ ɢɥɢɚ ɥɨɜ ɜ ɦɢ ɪɨ ɜɨ ɦ ɷɤɫɩɨɪ ɬɟ ɜ 199 8 ɝɨɞɭ ( 33, 3% ). g ɇ ɚ ɨɫɧ ɨɜ ɟ ɫɥɟɞ ɭɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɭɪɚ ɜɧ ɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɪɟɫ ɫɢɢ , ɭɜ ɹɡ ɵɜ ɚɸ ɳ ɟɝ ɨ ɱɢ ɫɥ ɟɧ ɧɨ ɫɬ ɶ ɪɚ ɛɨɬ ɧɢɤ ɨɜ ( ɬɵ ɫ. ɱɟ ɥ.) ɫ ɫɭ ɦɦɚ ɪɧɵɦ ɨɛ ɴɟɦ ɨɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ ( ɜɦ ɥɧ .ɞɨ ɥɥ .) ɡɚ ɩɟɪ ɢɨɞ ɫ 1980 -2 004 ɝɨ ɞɨ ɜ: ɱɢ ɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬ ɶ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɢ ɤɨ ɜ: 18 021+4, 55 * ɫ ɭɦɦɚɪɧɵ ɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɜ ɟɡɟɧɧɵ ɯ ɉɂɂ . h ɇ ɚ ɨɫɧɨ ɜɟ ɞɚ ɧɧɵɯ ɩɭ ɛɥɢ ɤɚɰɢɢ I M F , Wor ld E co n o m ic O u tl ook, A p ri l 2 007.

Ɉɛɡɨɪ 7 ɌɇɄ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɵɧɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɌɇɄ, ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ. ɑɢɫɥɨ ɮɢɪɦ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ 100 ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɧɟɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɌɇɄ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɩɹɬɢ ɜ 2004 ɝɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɫɟɦɢ ɜ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ (ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɝɨɞ, ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ) ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɨɥɢ ɌɇɄ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɘɝɚ. ȼ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ 100ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɌɇɄ ɦɢɪɚ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ, ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɢɦɟɸɬ "Ⱦɠɟɧɟɪɚɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤ", "ȼɨɞɚɮɨɧ" ɢ "Ⱦɠɟɧɟɪɚɥ ɦɨɬɨɪɡ" (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ 3, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ 25 ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɟɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɌɇɄ). ɏɨɬɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ 100 ɌɇɄ ɫ 2004 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ, ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɢɯ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɧɚ 10%. Ʉɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɌɇɄ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɵɧɤɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȼ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɵ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ 100ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɌɇɄ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ 48% ɢ 73%. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨ 100 ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɦɢɪɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɚ ɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɌɇɄ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ. ȼ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟ 100 ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɌɇɄ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ (ɫɩɢɫɨɤ 25ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɧɟɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɌɇɄ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫɦ. ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4) ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ Ⱥɡɢɹ (78 ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ), ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚ ɢ Ʌɚɬɢɧɫɤɚɹ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ (ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɨ 11 ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ). ɗɬɢ ɌɇɄ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ, ɱɟɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɌɇɄ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ, ɜ 2005ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɸ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɛɵɥɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ/ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɉɂɂ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɉɂɂ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɘɝ-ɘɝ. ȼ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɉɂɂ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɫɬ ɉɂɂ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɉɂɂ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɘɝ-ɘɝ. ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɞɜɢɝɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ. ȼ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵɜɟɡɟɧɧɵɯ ɉɂɂ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɒɬɚɬɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ 282 ɦɥɪɞ. ɞɨɥɥ. (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5); 20ɝɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ 1985ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɉɂɂ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɒɬɚɬɚɦɢ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢ Ʉɚɧɚɞɨɣ, ɇɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɢ

8 Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ, 2007 ɝɨɞ: ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨɦ - ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɬɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɝɚɱɟ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉɂɂ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ 50 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɚɪ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɜɟɡɟɧɧɵɯ ɉɂɂ, ɜ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ 22 ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ 1995 ɝɨɞɭ ɢɯ ɛɵɥɨ 17. ɋɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɉɂɂ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɂɂ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɯ ɉɂɂ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ "ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ", ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɞɨɥɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɜɜɨɡɢɦɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɡɢɦɵɯ ɉɂɂ.

Ɉɛɡɨɪ 9 Ɍ ɚɛɥɢɰɚ 3. 25 ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣ ɲ ɢɯ ɧɟɮ ɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ Ɍ ɇ Ʉ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫ ɬɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɴ ɟɦɭ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠ ɧɵɯ ɚɤ ɬɢ ɜɨɜ , 20 05 ɝɨ ɞ (Ɇɥ ɧ .ɞɨ ɥɥ .ɢ ɱɢ ɫɥ ɨ ɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɧɢɤ ɨɜ ) Ɇ ɟɫɬ ɨ ɩɨ : Ⱥɤ ɬɢɜ ɵ Ɉ ɛɴ ɟɦ ɩɪ ɨɞ ɚɠ ɑɢ ɫɥɨ ɪɚ ɛɨ ɬɧɢ ɤɨ ɜ ɑɢ ɫɥɨ ɮ ɢɥɢ ɚɥ ɨɜ Ɉɛ ɴɟ ɦɵ ɡɚɪɭ -ɛɟɠ ɧɵ ɯ ɚɤ ɬɢ ɜɨ ɜ ɂɌ ɇ aɂɂ bɄ ɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɋ ɬɪɚɧɚ _ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜ ɚɧɢɹ Ɉɬ ɪɚɫɥɶ Ɂɚɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɧɵɟ ȼ ɫɟɝɨ Ɂɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɧɵ ɟ ȼ ɫɟɝɨ Ɂɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠɧ ɵ ɟ ȼ ɫɟɝɨ ɂɌ ɇ a (ɜ %) Ɂɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɧɵ ɟ ȼ ɫɟɝɨ ɂɂ b 17 0 42 "Ⱦɠɟɧɟɪɚɥ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɢɤ " ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚ ɬɵ ɉɪ ɨɢ ɡɜ ɨɞ ɫɬ ɜɨ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɢɱ ɟɫɤ ɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬ ɪɨɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ ɨɪ ɭɞ ɨɜ ɚɧ ɢɹ 412 692 6 73 3 42 59 815 149 702 155 000 316 000 50. 1 1 184 1 527 7 7 .5 28 94 "ȼɨ ɞɚ ɮ ɨɧ ɝɪ ɭɩ ɩ ɉɅ Ʉ " ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜ ɫɬ ɜɨ Ɍɟ ɥɟɤɨɦ ɦ ɭɧɢ ɤɚɰɢɢ 196 396 2 20 4 99 39 497 52 428 51 052 61 672 82. 4 77 210 3 6 .7 38 5 72 "Ⱦɠ ɟɧ ɟɪɚɥ ɦɨɬ ɨɪɡ " ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚ ɬɵ Ⱥɜ ɬɨ ɦɨɛ ɢɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 175 254 4 76 0 78 65 288 192 604 194 000 335 000 42. 9 91 158 5 7 .6 41 6 61 "Ȼɪ ɢɬ ɢɲ ɩɟ ɬɪɨɥɢ ɭɦ ɤɨɦ ɩɚ ɧɢ ɉ Ʌ Ʉ " ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜ ɫɬ ɜɨ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɹɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 161 174 2 06 9 14 200 293 253 621 78 100 96 200 79. 4 417 602 6 9 .3 52 9 80 "Ɋɨɹ ɥ ɞɚ ɬɱ /ɒɟ ɥɥ ɝɪɭ ɩɩ " ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜ ɫɬ ɜɨ , ɇ ɢɞɟɪ ɥɚ ɧɞ ɵ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɹɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 151 324 2 19 5 16 184 047 306 731 92 000 109 000 71. 1 507 964 5 2 .6 63 8 43 "ɗ ɤɫɨɧɆ ɨɛ ɢɥ " ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚ ɬɵ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɹɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 143 860 2 08 3 35 248 402 358 955 52 920 84 000 67. 1 256 331 7 7 .3 76 4 95 "Ɍ ɨɣ ɨɬɚ ɦɨ ɬɨ ɪ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɟɣɲ ɧ " ə ɩɨɧɢɹ Ⱥɜ ɬɨ ɦɨɛ ɢɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 131 676 2 44 3 91 117 721 186 177 107 763 285 977 51. 6 141 391 3 6 .1 87 9 56 "Ɏɨɪɞ ɦɨɬ ɨɪ " ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚ ɬɵ Ⱥɜ ɬɨ ɦɨɛ ɢɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 119 131 2 69 4 76 80 325 177 089 160 000 300 000 47. 6 201 285 7 0 .5 92 7 55 "Ɍɨ ɬɚ ɥɶ " Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɹ ɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲ ɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 108 098 1 25 7 17 132 960 178 300 64 126 112 877 72. 5 401 567 7 0 .7 10 94 36 "ɗɥɟ ɤɬɪ ɢɫ ɢɬɟ ɞɟ ɮɪ ɚɧ ɫ" Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɗɥɟɤɬ ɪɨ -, ɝɚɡɨ -ɢ ɜɨ ɞɨɫɧ ɚɛɠ ɟɧ ɢɟ 91 478 2 02 4 31 26 060 63 578 17 801 161 560 32. 4 218 276 7 9 .0 11 73 51 "Ɏɪɚɧɫ ɬɟ ɥɟɤ ɨɦ " Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ Ɍɟ ɥɟɤɨɦ ɦ ɭɧɢ ɤɚɰɢɢ 87 186 1 29 5 14 25 634 61 071 82 034 203 008 49. 9 175 243 7 2 .0 12 51 54 "Ɏɨɥ ɶɤ ɫɜ ɚɝɟɧ " Ƚɟ ɪɦɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɜ ɬɨ ɦɨɛ ɢɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 82 579 1 57 6 21 85 896 118 646 165 849 345 214 57. 6 199 279 7 1 .3 13 63 74 "Ɋȼ ȿ ɝɪɭ ɩ " Ƚɟ ɪɦ ɚɧɢɹ ɗɥɟɤɬ ɪɨ -, ɝɚɡɨ -ɢ ɜɨ ɞɨɫɧ ɚɛɠ ɟɧ ɢɟ 82 569 1 28 0 60 23 390 52 081 42 349 85 928 52. 9 248 432 5 7 .4

10 Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ, 2007 ɝɨɞ: ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ 14 53 88 "ɒ ɟɜ ɪɨ ɧ ɤɨɪɩ ." ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚ ɬɵ ɇɟ ɮ ɬɹ ɧɚ ɹ ɩɪ ɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 81 225 1 25 8 33 99 970 193 641 32 000 59 000 56. 8 106 234 4 5 .3 15 77 73 "ȿ .Ɉɇ " Ƚɟ ɪɦ ɚɧɢɹ ɗɥɟɤɬ ɪɨ -, ɝɚɡɨ -ɢ ɜɨ ɞɨɫɧ ɚɛɠ ɟɧ ɢɟ 80 941 1 49 9 00 29 148 83 177 45 820 79 947 48. 8 367 639 5 7 .4 16 24 52 "ɋɸ ɷɡ " Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɗɥɟɤɬ ɪɨ -, ɝɚɡɨ -ɢ ɜɨ ɞɨɫɧ ɚɛɠ ɟɧ ɢɟ 78 400 9 5 0 85 39 565 51 670 96 741 157 639 73. 5 440 613 7 1 .8 17 87 59 "Ⱦɨ ɣɱ ɟ ɬɟɥ ɟɤ ɨɦ Ⱥ Ƚ " Ƚɟ ɪɦ ɚɧɢɹ Ɍɟ ɥɟɤɨɦ ɦ ɭɧɢ ɤɚɰɢɢ 78 378 1 51 4 61 31 659 74 230 75 820 243 695 41. 8 266 382 6 9 .6 18 40 47 "ɋɢ ɦɟɧ ɫ Ⱥ Ƚ " Ƚɟ ɪɦ ɚɧɢɹ ɉ ɪɨ ɢɡɜ ɨɞ ɫɬ ɜɨ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɢɱ ɟɫɤ ɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬ ɪɨɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ ɨɪ ɭɞ ɨɜ ɚɧ ɢɹ 66 854 1 03 7 54 64 447 96 002 296 000 461 000 65. 3 877 1 177 7 4 .5 19 12 70 "ɏɨɧɞ ɚ ɦɨɬ ɨɪ ɤɨ ɦɩ ɚɧɢ ɥɢɦɢɬ ɟɞ " ə ɩɨɧɢɹ Ⱥɜ ɬɨ ɦɨɛ ɢɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 66 682 8 9 9 23 69 791 87 686 126 122 144 785 80. 3 141 243 5 8 .0 20 11 17 "ɏɚɱɢɫɨ ɧ ɜɚɦɩɨɚ " Ƚɨ ɧɤɨɧɝ ,Ʉɢɬ ɚɣ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɥɢ 61 607 7 7 0 18 24 721 31 101 165 590 200 000 80. 8 75 83 9 0 .4 21 67 38 "ɉ ɪɨ ɤɬ ɟɪ ɷɧ ɞ Ƚɚɦɛɥ " ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚ ɬɵ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɥɢ 60 251 1 35 6 95 38 760 68 222 69 835 138 000 50. 6 269 345 7 8 .0 22 47 37 "ɋɚɧ ɨɮ ɢ -Ⱥɜ ɟɧ ɬɢ ɫ" Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ Ɏɚɪɦɚɰɟɜ ɬɢ ɱɟɫɤ ɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 58 999 1 02 6 38 18 901 34 013 69 186 97 181 61. 4 142 181 7 8 .5 23 89 77 "Ʉ ɨɧɨ ɤɨɎɢɥɢ ɩɫ " ɋ ɨɟɞ ɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚ ɬɵ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɹɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 55 906 1 06 9 99 48 568 179 442 15 931 35 591 41. 4 68 125 5 4 .4 24 60 32 "ȻɆ ȼ Ⱥ Ƚ " Ƚɟ ɪɦɚɧɢɹ Ⱥɜ ɬɨ ɦɨɛ ɢɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 55 308 8 8 3 16 44 404 58 105 25 924 105 798 54. 5 142 175 8 1 .1 25 49 96 "ɇ ɢɫ ɚɧ ɦɨ ɬɨ ɪ ɤɨɦ ɩɚ ɧɢ ɥɢɦɢɬ ɟɞ " ə ɩɨɧɢɹ Ⱥɜ ɬɨ ɦɨɛ ɢɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 53 747 9 7 6 61 59 771 83 440 89 336 183 356 58. 5 54 172 3 1 .4 ɂɫ ɬɨ ɱɧ ɢɤ : UNC T A D, Wor ld I n ves tm ent R ep o rt 2 0 07: T ra n sn a ti o na l Co rpor a ti ons , E xtr ac ti ve I n dus tr ie s an d D eve lo pm en t, ɬɚ ɛɥɢ ɰɚ A .I .13 ɩɪ ɢɥ ɨɠ ɟɧɢɹ . a ɂ ɧɞ ɟɤɫ ɬɪ ɚɧ ɫɧɚ ɰɢɨ ɧɚɥ ɶɧɨ ɫɬ ɢ (ɂɌ ɇ )ɪ ɚɫ ɫɱ ɢɬ ɵ ɜɚ ɟɬ ɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪ ɟɞ ɧɟɟ ɡɧ ɚɱ ɟɧ ɢɟ ɫɥ ɟɞ ɭɸ ɳ ɢɯ ɬɪ ɟɯ ɩɨ ɤɚ ɡɚ ɬɟɥɟɣ : ɨɬ ɧɨ ɲɟ ɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɧɵɯ ɚɤɬ ɢɜɨ ɜ ɤɨ ɜɫɟ ɦ ɚɤɬ ɢɜ ɚɦ , ɡɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ ɞɚɠ ɤ ɨɛɳɟ ɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɭ ɩɪɨ ɞɚɠ ɢ ɱɢ ɫɥ ɟɧɧɨ ɫɬ ɢ ɪɚ ɛɨ ɬɧɢɤ ɨɜ ɡɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɨɦ ɤ ɨɛ ɳɟ ɦɭ ɱɢɫɥ ɭ ɡɚɧɹɬ ɵɯ . Ɇɟ ɫɬ ɨ ɫɪɟ ɞɢ 10 0 ɤɪ ɭɩɧɟ ɣɲɢɯ Ɍɇ Ʉ ɦɢɪɚ . b "ɂ ɧɞ ɟɤɫ ɢɧɬ ɟɪ ɧɚɰ ɢɨ ɧɚɥ ɢɡ ɚɰɢɢ " ( ɂɂ )ɪ ɚɫ ɫɱ ɢɬ ɵ ɜɚ ɟɬ ɫɹ ɩɭ ɬɟ ɦ ɞɟ ɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɱɢ ɫɥ ɚ ɡɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɧɵɯ ɮɢɥ ɢɚɥ ɨɜ ɧɚ ɱɢ ɫɥ ɨ ɜɫɟ ɯ ɮɢɥ ɢɚɥ ɨɜ . (ɉ ɪɢɦ ɟɱ ɚɧɢɟ : ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨ ɣ ɬɚɛɥ ɢɰɟ ɭɱ ɢɬ ɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɹ ɥɢɲ ɶ ɮɢɥ ɢɚ ɥɵ ɫ ɤɨ ɧɬ ɪɨ ɥɢɪɭ ɸ ɳɢɦ ɭɱɚɫɬ ɢɟ ɦ ɦɚɬ ɟɪ ɢɧ ɫɤ ɢɣ ɤɨ ɦɩ ɚɧɢɣ .) Ɇɟ ɫɬ ɨ ɫɪɟ ɞɢ 100 ɤɪɭ ɩɧɟ ɣɲɢɯ Ɍɇ Ʉ ɦɢ ɪɚ . ɉɪ ɢɦ ɟɱ ɚɧ ɢɟ : ȼ ɧɟ ɤɨ ɬɨ ɪɵɯ ɤɨ ɦɩɚ ɧɢ ɹɯ ɢɧɨ ɫɬ ɪɚ ɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɜɟ ɫɬɨ ɪɚ ɦ ɦɨɠɟ ɬ ɩɪ ɢɧɚɞɥ ɟɠ ɚɬɶ ɦɢɧɨ ɪɢ ɬɚ ɪɧɚ ɹ ɞɨ ɥɹ ɭɱ ɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɪɚ ɡɦɟ ɪɟ ɛɨ ɥɟ ɟ 10%.

Ɉɛɡɨɪ 11 Ɍ ɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4. 25 ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣ ɲ ɢɯ ɧɟɮ ɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ Ɍ ɇ Ʉ ɢɡ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɜɚɸ ɳ ɢɯ ɫɹ ɫɬ ɪɚɧ ,ɜ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɫ ɬɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɴ ɟɦɭ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠ ɧɵ ɯ ɚɤ ɬɢɜɨɜ , 2 005 ɝɨɞ (Ɇɥ ɧ .ɞɨ ɥɥ .ɢ ɱɢ ɫɥ ɨ ɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɧɢɤ ɨɜ ) Ɇ ɟɫɬ ɨ ɩɨ : Ⱥɤ ɬɢɜ ɵ Ɉ ɛɴ ɟɦ ɩɪ ɨɞ ɚɠ ɑɢ ɫɥɨ ɪɚɛ ɨɬɧɢɤ ɨɜ ɑɢ ɫɥɨ ɮɢ ɥɢ ɚɥ ɨɜ Ɉɛ ɴɟɦɵ ɡɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠɧ ɵɯ ɚɤ ɬɢ ɜɨ ɜ ɂɌ ɇ aɂɂ b Ʉ ɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɋ ɬɪɚɧɚ _ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜ ɚɧɢɹ Ɉɬ ɪɚɫɥɶ Ɂɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ -ɧɵɟ ȼ ɫɟɝɨ Ɂɚɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ -ɧɵɟ ȼ ɫɟɝɨ Ɂɚɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ -ɧɵɟ ȼ ɫɟɝɨ ɂɌ ɇ a (ɜ %) Ɂɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ -ɧɵɟ ȼ ɫɟɝɨ ɂɂ b 11 9 1 3 "ɏɚɬ ɱɢɫɨɧ ɜɚ ɦɩ ɨɚ ɥɢɦɢɬ ɟɞ " Ƚɨ ɧɤɨɧɝ ,Ʉɢɬ ɚɣ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɥɢ 61 607 77 018 24 721 31 101 165 590 200 000 80. 8 7 5 8 3 90. 4 28 3 3 3 "ɉɟ ɬɪ ɨɧ ɚɫ -ɩɟ ɬɪɨɥɢɚɦ ɧɚɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ Ȼɏ Ⱦ " Ɇ ɚɥɚɣɡɢɹ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɹ ɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲ ɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 26 350 73 203 12 995 44 353 4 016 33 944 25. 7 167 234 71. 4 32 0 4 "ɋɟɦɟɤ ɫ ɋ .Ⱥ ." Ɇ ɟɤ ɫɢɤɚ ɇ ɟɦ ɟɬ ɚɥɥ ɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶ ɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞ ɭɤɬ ɵ 21 793 26 439 12 088 14 961 39 630 52 674 79. 5 535 554 96. 6 43 0 5 "ɋ ɢɧ ɝɬɟ ɥ ɥɬɞ ." ɋɢɧɝɚɩ ɭɪ Ɍɟɥɟɤɨɦɦ ɭɧɢ ɤɚɰɢɢ 18 000 20 748 5 556 7 906 8 832 19 500 67. 4 9 9 104 95. 2 55 2 1 8 "ɋɚɦɫ ɭɧ ɝ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɨɧɢɤɫ Ʉ ɨ., ɥɬ ɞ ." Ɋɟɫɩ ɭɛ ɥɢɤ ɚ Ʉɨɪɟɹ ɉ ɪɨ ɢɡɜ ɨɞɫ ɬɜ ɨ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɢɱ ɟɫ ɤɨ ɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɨɬ ɟɯ ɧɢɱ ɟɫɤ ɨɝɨ ɨɛ ɨɪɭ ɞɨ ɜɚ ɧɢɹ 17 481 74 834 62 100 79 017 27 664 80 549 45. 4 7 6 8 6 88. 4 64 6 1 1 "ɅȽ ɤɨɪ ɩ ." Ɋɟɫɩ ɭɛ ɥɢɤ ɚ Ʉɨɪɟɹ ɉ ɪɨ ɢɡɜ ɨɞɫ ɬɜ ɨ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɢɱ ɟɫ ɤɨ ɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɨɬ ɟɯ ɧɢɱ ɟɫɤ ɨɝɨ ɨɛ ɨɪɭ ɞɨ ɜɚ ɧɢɹ 16 609 50 611 38 419 60 805 40 689 79 000 49. 2 4 2 4 6 91. 3 72 8 1 9 "ɀɚɪɞ ɢɧ Ɇɚɬ ɟɫɨɧ ɯɨ ɥɞ ɢɧɝɫ ɥɬ ɞ ." Ƚɨ ɧɤɨɧɝ ,Ʉɢɬ ɚɣ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɥɢ 15 770 18 440 8 420 11 929 57 895 110 000 69. 6 9 1 106 85. 8 89 0 8 0 "ɋ ɂ Ɍɂ Ʉ ɝɪɭɩ " Ʉɢɬ ɚɣ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɥɢ 14 891 99 059 2 109 8 042 15 915 93 323 19. 4 1 3 4 9 26. 5 98 9 2 3 "ɏɺɧɞ ɟ ɦɨɬ ɨɪ ɤɨɦɩɚɧ ɢ " Ɋɟɫɩ ɭɛ ɥɢɤ ɚ Ʉɨɪɟɹ Ⱥɜ ɬɨ ɦɨɛ ɢɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 13 015 64 688 18 676 58 156 5 038 54 115 20. 5 2 0 2 4 83. 3 10 59 67 "Ɏɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɢɤ ɝɪ ɭɩ " Ʉɢ ɬɚ ɣɫ ɤɚ ɹ ɩɪɨɜ ɢɧɰɢɹ Ɍɚ ɣɜ ɚɧ ɶ ɏɢɦɢɤɚɬ ɵ 12 807 57 910 9 708 37 664 61 626 82 380 40. 9 1 1 3 0 36. 7 11 60 75 "ɑ ɚɣɧɚ ɨɭ ɲ ɧ ɲ ɢɩɢɧɝ (ɝɪ ɭɩ ) ɤɨɦ ɩɚ ɧɢ " Ʉ ɢɬ ɚɣ ɉ ɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɤɢ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧ ɢɟ 10 657 18 105 8 463 15 227 4 230 69 549 40. 2 4 0 134 29. 9 12 84 62 "ɉ ɟɬ ɪɨɥɟɨɫ ɞɟ ȼ ɟɧɟɫɭ ɷɥ ɚ" ȼ ɟɧɟɫ ɭɷɥɚ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɹ ɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 8 534 60 305 32 773 63 736 5 373 49 180 25. 5 3 0 6 5 46. 2

12 Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞ ɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɹɯ, 2007 ɝɨɞ: ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ 13 98 76 "ɉɟ ɬɪ ɨɥɟ ɭ ɛɪ ɚɡɢ ɥɶ ɟɪ ɭ ɋ .Ⱥ . -ɉ ɟɬ ɪɨɛ ɪɚɡ " Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɹ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɹ ɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 8 290 78 461 3 892 58 403 6 422 53 933 9. 7 3 0 102 29. 4 14 73 79 "ɋɢ -ɗɥ -ɉɢ ɯɨ ɥɞ ɢɧɝɡ " Ƚɨ ɧɤɨɧɝ ,Ʉɢ ɬɚ ɣ ɗ ɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɨ-, ɝɚɡɨ -ɢ ɜɨ ɞɨɫɧ ɚɛɠ ɟɧ ɢɟ 6 039 13 145 1 299 4 977 1 758 6 059 33. 7 3 11 27. 3 15 37 51 "Ʉɚɩɢ ɬɚ ɥɟɧɞ ɥɢɦɢɬ ɟɞ " ɋɢɧɝɚɩ ɭɪ ɇ ɟɞ ɜɢ ɠɢɦɨɫɬ ɶ 6 017 10 926 1 984 2 586 7 639 15 444 60. 4 6 4 119 53. 8 16 50 66 "Ⱥ ɦɟ ɪɢɤɚ ɦɨ ɜɢɥ " Ɇ ɟɤ ɫɢɤɚ Ɍɟ ɥɟɤɨɦ ɦ ɭɧɢ ɤɚɰɢɢ 5 814 21 340 7 708 16 901 23 521 34 650 46. 9 1 3 3 2 40. 6 17 76 63 "ɑ ɚɣɧɚ ɫɬ ɟɣ ɬ ɤɨɧɫ ɬɪɚ ɤɲ ɧ ɢɧɠɢɧɢ ɪɢɧɝ ɤɨɪɩ ɨɪɟɣɲ ɧ " Ʉɢɬ ɚɣ ɋ ɬɪɨɢɬ ɟɥ ɶɫ ɬɜ ɨ 5 578 13 083 3 400 14 338 26 100 119 000 29. 4 4 0 8 7 46. 0 18 64 88 "Ʉ ɨɦ ɩɚ ɧɢɚ ȼ ɚɥɟ ɞɭ Ɋɢ ɨ Ⱦɨ ɫɟ " Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɹ Ƚɨɪɧɨɞ ɨɛ ɵɜ ɚɸ ɳ ɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 5 545 22 569 11 662 15 113 2 937 38 828 36. 4 6 41 14. 6 19 94 96 "Ɉɷɥ ɷɧɞ ɧɚɱ ɭɪɟɥ ɝɚɡ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɟɣɲ ɧ " ɂ ɧɞ ɢɹ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ ɧɵ ɣ ɝɚɡ 5 459 20 641 1 626 16 798 4 122 34 722 16. 0 2 37 5. 4 20 42 27 "ɏɨɧ ɯɚ ɣ ɩɪɢɫ ɢɠɧ ɢɧɞ ɚɫɬ ɪɢɡ " Ʉɢ ɬɚ ɣɫ ɤɚ ɹ ɩɪɨɜ ɢɧɰɢɹ Ɍɚ ɣɜ ɚɧ ɶ ɉ ɪɨ ɢɡɜ ɨɞɫ ɬɜ ɨ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɢɱ ɟɫ ɤɨ ɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɨɬ ɟɯ ɧɢɱ ɟɫɤ ɨɝɨ ɨɛ ɨɪɭ ɞɨ ɜɚ ɧɢɹ 5 436 13 972 10 577 27 756 178 007 210 932 53. 8 3 5 4 4 79. 5 21 67 41 "ɋɚɫɨɥ ɥɢɦɢɬ ɟɞ " ɘɠɧɚɹ Ⱥ ɮ ɪɢɤɚ ɉ ɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɢ ɦɢɤɚ ɬɵ 5 368 13 847 5 351 10 947 5 267 30 004 35. 1 1 6 2 6 61. 5 22 99 97 Ʉ ɢɬ ɚɣɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɮ ɬɹ ɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ Ʉɢɬ ɚɣ ɇ ɟɮ ɬɹ ɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ ɧɨɫɬ ɶ: ɪɚɡɜ ɟɞ ɤɚ /ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɨɬ ɤɚ / ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞ ɟɥɟɧɢɟ 5 287 1 4 3 767 6 505 85 959 22 000 1 16 7 12 9 4 .4 5 9 8 5 .1 23 87 50 "Ɍ ɟɥɟ ɮ ɨɧɨɫ ɞɟ Ɇ ɟɯ ɢɤɨ ɋ .Ⱥ . ɞɟ ɋ .ȼ ." Ɇ ɟɤ ɫɢɤɚ Ɍɟ ɥɟɤɨɦ ɦ ɭɧɢ ɤɚɰɢɢ 5 025 23 195 3 553 15 119 15 277 75 484 21. 8 2 9 5 2 55. 8 24 34 12 "Ɏɥɟɤɫ ɬɪɨɧɢ ɤɫ ɢɧɬ ɟɪ ɧɟ ɲ ɧɥ ɥɬ ɞ ." ɋɢɧɝɚɩ ɭɪ ɉ ɪɨ ɢɡɜ ɨɞ ɫɬ ɜɨ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɢɱɟɫ ɤɨ ɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤ ɬɪ ɨɬ ɟɯ ɧɢɱ ɟɫɤ ɨɝɨ ɨɛ ɨɪɭ ɞɨ ɜɚ ɧɢɹ 5 009 10 958 6 707 15 288 96 695 99 000 62. 4 125 138 90. 6 25 69 26 "Ʉ ɢɚ ɦɨɬ ɨɪɡ " Ɋɟɫɩ ɭɛ ɥɢɤ ɚ Ʉɨɪɟɹ Ⱥɜ ɬɨ ɦɨɛ ɢɥ ɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦ ɵɲ ɥɟɧɧɨɫ ɬɶ 4 984 15 851 8 353 20 329 10 296 32 745 34. 7 1 3 1 6 81. 3 ɂɫ ɬɨ ɱɧ ɢɤ : UNC T A D, Wor ld I n ves tm ent R ep o rt 2 0 07: T ra n sn a ti o na l Co rpor a ti ons , E xtr ac ti ve I n dus tr ie s an d D eve lo pm en t, ɬɚ ɛɥɢ ɰɚ A .I .14 ɩɪ ɢɥ ɨɠ ɟɧɢɹ . a ɂ ɧɞ ɟɤɫ ɬɪ ɚɧ ɫɧɚ ɰɢɨ ɧɚɥ ɶɧɨ ɫɬ ɢ (ɂɌ ɇ )ɪ ɚɫ ɫɱ ɢɬ ɵ ɜɚ ɟɬ ɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪ ɟɞ ɧɟɟ ɡɧ ɚɱ ɟɧ ɢɟ ɫɥ ɟɞ ɭɸ ɳ ɢɯ ɬɪ ɟɯ ɩɨ ɤɚ ɡɚ ɬɟɥɟɣ : ɨɬ ɧɨ ɲɟ ɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɧɵɯ ɚɤɬ ɢɜɨ ɜ ɤɨ ɜɫɟ ɦ ɚɤɬ ɢɜ ɚɦ , ɡɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ ɞɚɠ ɤ ɨɛɳɟ ɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɭ ɩɪɨ ɞɚɠ ɢ ɱɢ ɫɥ ɟɧɧɨ ɫɬ ɢ ɪɚ ɛɨ ɬɧɢɤ ɨɜ ɡɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɨɦ ɤ ɨɛ ɳɟ ɦɭ ɱɢɫɥ ɭ ɡɚɧɹɬ ɵɯ . Ɇɟ ɫɬ ɨ ɫɪɟ ɞɢ 10 0 ɤɪ ɭɩɧɟ ɣɲɢɯ Ɍɇ Ʉ ɦɢɪɚ . b "ɂ ɧɞ ɟɤɫ ɢɧɬ ɟɪ ɧɚɰ ɢɨ ɧɚɥ ɢɡ ɚɰɢɢ " ( ɂɂ )ɪ ɚɫ ɫɱ ɢɬ ɵ ɜɚ ɟɬ ɫɹ ɩɭ ɬɟ ɦ ɞɟ ɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɱɢ ɫɥ ɚ ɡɚ ɪɭ ɛɟ ɠ ɧɵɯ ɮɢɥ ɢɚɥ ɨɜ ɧɚ ɱɢ ɫɥ ɨ ɜɫɟ ɯ ɮɢɥ ɢɚɥ ɨɜ . (ɉ ɪɢɦ ɟɱ ɚɧɢɟ : ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨ ɣ ɬɚɛɥ ɢɰɟ ɭɱ ɢɬ ɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɹ ɥɢɲ ɶ ɮɢɥ ɢɚ ɥɵ ɫ ɤɨ ɧɬ ɪɨ ɥɢɪɭ ɸ ɳɢɦ ɭɱɚɫɬ ɢɟ ɦ ɦɚɬ ɟɪ ɢɧ ɫɤ ɢɣ ɤɨ ɦɩ ɚɧɢɣ .) Ɇɟ ɫɬ ɨ ɫɪɟ ɞɢ 100 ɤɪɭ ɩɧɟ ɣɲɢɯ Ɍɇ Ʉ ɦɢ ɪɚ . ɉɪ ɢɦ ɟɱ ɚɧ ɢɟ : ȼ ɧɟ ɤɨ ɬɨ ɪɵɯ ɤɨ ɦɩɚ ɧɢ ɹɯ ɢɧɨ ɫɬ ɪɚ ɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɜɟ ɫɬɨ ɪɚ ɦ ɦɨɠɟ ɬ ɩɪ ɢɧɚɞɥ ɟɠ ɚɬɶ ɦɢɧɨ ɪɢ ɬɚ ɪɧɚ ɹ ɞɨ ɥɹ ɭɱ ɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɪɚ ɡɦɟ ɪɟ ɛɨ ɥɟ ɟ 10%.