雑誌名 静岡大学教育研究

中国語 自己（ziji）  と日本語「自分」の第二 言語習得比較研究

著者 ? 勇

雑誌名 静岡大学教育研究

巻 16

ページ 53‑67

発行年 2020‑03‑23

出版者 静岡大学大学教育センター

URL http://doi.org/10.14945/00027259

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓẚ㍑◊✲

⩪ ຬ㸦㟼ᒸ኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧

せ⣙㸸୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ୰ᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡜᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚⩦ᚓࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ㄒᙡ㡯┠

࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ෌ᖐ௦ྡモ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦

⪅ࡀ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ࠊ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆ⩦ᚓ ࡋࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟࢔

ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡼࡾ⩦ᚓࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇

࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀྠࡌഴྥࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡶࡋ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ

ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࡶ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࡶ୧᪉࡜ࡶ࡟ᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞

ࡐ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ┦㐪Ⅼ࡜

ㄒ※ࢆㄪ࡭ࠊ⩦ᚓࡢᕪࡢ⏕ࡌࡿ⌮⏤ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ

࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࠊ෌ᖐ௦ྡモࠊ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࠊẕㄒ㌿⛣

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄒᙡᏛ⩦ࡣึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࡟⌧ࢀࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬

ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢព࿡࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢព࿡࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡉ

ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡜᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࡣ≉࡟ὀ┠

ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋChomsky (1981) ࡀ᮰⦡ཎ⌮ (Binding Theory) ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓᚋࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜

᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡾࠊ⩦ᚓ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ⌧ࢀጞࡵࡓࠋୗグࡢ (1)

࡜ (2) ࢆࡳ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(1) ᕐ୕䇔Ѫᮤᅄ┦ಙ⮬ᕫDŽ(2)ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒヂ

(2) ᙇ୕ࡣᮤᅄࡀ⮬ศࢆಙ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟ (1) ࡢᩥࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟ (2) ࡢᩥࢆㄞࡲࡏࠊ(1) ࡢ

͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ (2) ࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㉁ၥࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊṇࡋࡃ⟅࠼ࡽࢀࡓᏛ⩦⪅ࡣࡑࢀ

࡯࡝ከࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୰ᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡜᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᣦᑟഃࡀ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ

ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦⪅࡟ఱࡶㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬

ศࠖࡣ෌ᖐ௦ྡモ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀศ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆ

⩦ᚓࡋࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⩦ᚓࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࡢᕪࢆẚ㍑ศᯒࡋࠊࡑࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࡢᕪࢆ⏕ࡌࡿཎᅉࢆ᥈ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓࠋ

論文

1 ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ

Chomsky (1981) ࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ᮰⦡ཎ⌮ (3) ࡣᬑ㐢ᩥἲࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿୗ఩⌮ㄽࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ↷ᛂᙧ

(anaphor)ࠊ௦ྡモ㢮 (pronominal)ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀ௨እࡢྡモ࡛ྃ࠶ࡿᣦ♧⾲⌧ (R-expressing) ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡝

ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟ඛ⾜モࡀ࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿ࢆつᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦ཎཱྀ࣭୰ᮧ 1996: 55㸧

(3) ᮰⦡ཎ⌮ (Binding Principle)

(A) ↷ᛂᙧࡣࠊࡑࡢ⤫⋡⠊␪ࡢෆ㒊࡛᮰⦡ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ (B) ௦ྡモࡣࠊࡑࡢ⤫⋡⠊␪ࡢෆ㒊࡛⮬⏤࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ (C) ᣦ♧⾲⌧ࡣ⮬⏤࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ

(4) a. John said that [Tomi criticized himselfi].

b. Johni said that [Tom criticized himi].

c. John said that [Tom criticized Mary].

(4) ࡢ[Tom criticized ࣭࣭࣭] ࡣ⤫⋡⠊␪ (governing category) ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(4a) ࡢ↷ᛂᙧhimselfࡣ⤫⋡⠊

␪ෆࡢTom࡜ྠ୍ᣦᶆࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊ⤫⋡⠊␪እࡢJohn࡜ྠ୍ᣦᶆࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ୍

᪉ࠊ(4b) ࡢ௦ྡモhimࡣ⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ Tom࡜ྠ୍ᣦᶆࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⤫⋡⠊␪እࡢJohn ࡜

ྠ୍ᣦᶆࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ(4c) ࡢᣦ♧⾲⌧Maryࡣ⮬⏤࡛ࠊTom, John࡜᮰⦡㛵ಀ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

୰ᅜㄒ “⮬ᕫ (ziji)” ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡟㛵ࢃࡿཎ⌮ࡣ᮰⦡ཎ⌮A࡛࠶ࡿࠋୗグࡣ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࠊ

᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ⱥㄒࡢhimselfࡢ౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(5) ᕐ୕i 䇔Ѫ [ᮤᅄj ┦ಙ ⮬ᕫi/j ]ࠋ( (1) ෌ᥖ)

(6) ᙇ୕iࡣ [ᮤᅄjࡀ ⮬ศi/jࢆ ಙ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ] ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ( (2) ෌ᥖ) (7) Zhangsani thinks [Lisij trusts himself*i/j].

(8) ᕐ୕i 㔉஢ ᮤᅄj ୍ᕐ ⮬ᕫi/*j ⓗ ↷∦ࠋ (9) ᙇ୕iࡣ ᮤᅄj࡟ ⮬ศi/*jࡢ෗┿ࢆ ࠶ࡆࡓࠋ (10) Zhangsani gave Lisij a photograph of himselfi/j.

Chomsky ࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ᮰⦡ཎ⌮ࡣ୺࡟ⱥㄒ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓศᯒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋChomsky ࡣ᮰⦡ཎ⌮ࡀᬑ㐢ᩥἲ࡛࠶

ࡾࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢゝㄒ࡟㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ(5) ࡜ (6) ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇

࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣChomskyࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓ᮰⦡ཎ⌮A࡟㐪཯ࡋࠊ⠇ෆ࡛ࡢ᮰⦡㸦ᒁᡤⓗ᮰⦡㸧࡜⠇ࢆ㉸

࠼ࡓ᮰⦡㸦㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡㸧ࡢ୧᪉ࢆチࡍࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(8) – (10) ࡢ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊⱥ ㄒࡢሙྜࡣ୺ㄒ࡜┠ⓗㄒࡀ୧᪉ࢆhimselfࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒࡢሙྜࡣ୺ㄒࡢ

ࡳࡀ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠊⱥㄒ෌ᖐ௦ྡモࡢඛ⾜モ ᣦྥࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊୗグࡢ⾲㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

⾲㸯 ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࣭᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศ࣭ࠖⱥㄒ͆himself” ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ

⾲㸯࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣྠࡌඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾

࠸࡚ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࠊࡘࡲࡾẕㄒࡢṇ㌿⛣ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦ࡀ⡆༢࡟୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ண ࡋࠊྠࡌࡃ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡶ⡆༢࡟᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ

ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ண ࡍࡿࠋ

෌ᖐ௦ྡモ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡣ୺࡟ⱥㄒ෌ᖐ௦ྡモࡢ⩦ᚓࡢ◊✲ࡀከࡃࠊ୰ᅜㄒ࡜᪥

ᮏㄒ෌ᖐ௦ྡモ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡢ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊ୧⪅ࡢẚ㍑◊✲ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜ ㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡢㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ௨ୗࡢ୕ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࠋ

ձ ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ྠࡌഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒࡢᙳ 㡪࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡣᐜ᫆࡟୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ

࠿ࠋ

ղ ྠࡌࡃ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡣ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ྠࡌഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕ ㄒࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡣᐜ᫆࡟᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ

࠿ࠋ

ճ ࡶࡋ୧⪅ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚㞴᫆ᗘࡢᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡿሙྜࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣఱ࠿ࠋ

2 ඛ⾜◊✲

Tomas (1991) ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊⱥㄒ෌ᖐ௦ྡ

モࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀẕㄒࡀ␗࡞ࡿ஧⤌ࡢㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡀࠊⱥㄒ෌ᖐ௦ྡモࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚

ఝࡓഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽTomas (1991) ࡣẕㄒࡀ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡣᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸

࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊTomas (1995) ࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࠊ㡑ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࠊࢱ࢖

ㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜ⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝࡋ

ࡓࠋTomas (1991) ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀẕㄒࡀ␗࡞ࡿㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ෌ᖐ௦ྡモࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸

࡚ఝࡓഴྥࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋTomas (1995) ࡣẕㄒࡀ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࠊTomas

(1991) ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᨭᣢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

୍᪉ࠊYuan (1998) ࡣⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡼࡾᐜ᫆࡟୰ᅜㄒ

͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣྠࡌඛ⾜モᣦ

ྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊⱥㄒ෌ᖐ௦ྡモ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊẕㄒࡀ➨஧ゝㄒ

⩦ᚓ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ᭮ (2012) ࡣⱥㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜

ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ

▷㊥㞳୺ㄒ 㛗㊥㞳୺ㄒ ୺ㄒ ┠ⓗㄒ

୰ᅜㄒĀ㠚ᐡzijiā ࠐ ࠐ ࠐ ™

᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ ࠐ ࠐ ࠐ ™

ⱥㄒ“himself ” ࠐ ™ ࠐ ࠐ

͆Ԇ㠚ᐡ (taziji)㸦ᙼ⮬㌟㸧͇ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋⱥㄒ෌ᖐ௦ྡモࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

୰ᅜㄒ͆Ԇ㠚ᐡ (taziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࡣᐜ᫆ࡔࡀࠊⱥㄒ෌ᖐ௦ྡモࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ᭮ (2012) ࡣẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣࡟ࡼࡾ୰ᅜㄒ͆Ԇ㠚ᐡ (taziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓ

ࢆಁ㐍ࡋࠊ୍᪉ࠊẕㄒࡢᖸ΅࡟ࡼࡾ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࢆ㜼ᐖࡋࡓ࡜୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ

෌ᖐ௦ྡモ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜ẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺஧

ࡘࡢᑐ❧ࡋࡓㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡜୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦

⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࢆㄪᰝࡋࠊẕㄒࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨

ドࡋࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡢࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࠋ

3 ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓㄪᰝ

3.1 ㄪᰝᩥ

ㄪᰝᩥࢆసᡂࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆ㓄៖ࡋࠊ⡆༢࡞ㄪᰝᩥෆᐜ࡟ࡋࠊ࠿ࡘࣆࣥ࢖ࣥࢆ௜ࡅࡓࡶࡢࢆ

సᡂࡋࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࡢㄪᰝᩥࡣୗグࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(11) ྃᆺ1㸸“⮬ᕫziji” ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ

ᕐ

zhƗng

୕

sƗn

㿹

j u é

ᚓ

d e

ᮤ

lӿ

ᅄ

s ì

ሩ

d u ì

⮬

z ì

ᕫ

jӿ

ἐ

méi

ಙ

x ì n

ᚰ

xƯn

ࠋ

“㠚ᐡ”ਟԕᤷ

㛟ᇊਟԕ བྷᾲਟԕ བྷᾲнਟԕ 㛟ᇊнਟԕ

“ᕐй”˛ [A] [B] [C] [D]

“ᵾഋ”˛ [A] [B] [C] [D]

(12) ྃᆺ2㸸“⮬ᕫziji” ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ

^zhƗngᕐ୕^sƗn 㔉^gČi ᮤ^{l ӿ}ᅄ^{s ì} ┳^{k à n}஢^{l e} ⮬^{z ì}ᕫ^{j ӿ} ⓗ^{d e} ↷^zhào∦^piànࠋ

“㠚ᐡ”ਟԕᤷ

㛟ᇊਟԕ བྷᾲਟԕ བྷᾲнਟԕ 㛟ᇊнਟԕ

“ᕐй”˛ [A] [B] [C] [D]

“ᵾഋ”˛ [A] [B] [C] [D]

(11) ࡣ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ࡛ࠊ㉁ၥࡀ஧ࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ㛗㊥㞳୺ㄒ

“ᕐй” ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅇ⟅⪅࡟ࠕ⤯ᑐ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡣ [A]ࠊࠕࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡣ [B]ࠊ

ࠕࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ [C]ࠊࠕ⤯ᑐ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࡣ [D] ࡢ୍ࡘࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ㉁ၥࡣ͆⮬ᕫ

(ziji)͇ࡣ▷㊥㞳୺ㄒ “ᮤᅄ” ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠࡌᇶ‽࡛ᅇ⟅⪅࡟[A]ࠊ[B]ࠊ

[C]ࠊ[D] ࠿ࡽ୍ࡘ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ(12) ࡣ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ࡛ࠊ㉁ၥࡀ஧ࡘ࠶

ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ୺ㄒ “ᕐй” ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ┠ⓗㄒ “ᮤ

ᅄ”ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅇ⟅⪅࡟[A]ࠊ[B]ࠊ[C]ࠊ[D] ࠿ࡽ୍ࡘࡢᅇ⟅ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ(11),

(12) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥࢆ8ᩥࠊ͆Ԇ㠚ᐡ (taziji)㸦ᙼ⮬㌟㸧͇ࢆྵࡴᩥࢆ8ᩥࠊࢲ࣑࣮ᩥࢆ8ᩥࠊྜィ24ᩥࢆ⏝ព

ࡋࡓࠋྛᩥࡣࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ

༠ຊ⪅ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅27 ྡ㸦୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ 1㸫2 ᖺ㸧࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒ

୰⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅15ྡ㸦୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ3㸫4ᖺ㸧࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅16ྡ㸦୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ4

ᖺ௨ୖ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅31ྡ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛ༠ຊ⪅࡟ࡣㅰ♩

㔠ࢆᡶࡗࡓࠋ

3.2 ⤖ᯝ࡜ศᯒ

ࠕ͆㛟ᇊਟԕ͇㸦⤯ᑐ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ3ࠊࠕ͆བྷᾲਟԕ͇㸦ࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ2ࠊࠕ͆བྷᾲнਟԕ͇

㸦ࡓࡪࢇ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸧ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ1ࠊࠕ͆㛟ᇊнਟԕ͇㸦⤯ᑐ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸧ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ0࡛グධࡋࠊ Tukeyከ㔜⤫

ィࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ3ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࠊ0ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬

ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᅗ㸯 ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ⩦ᚓ

ᅗ ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭࡜୰ᅜே࡟ࡼࡿ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ

ඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㯮ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛࣇࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ㸦⤫⋡⠊␪ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ

⠇እࡢ୺ㄒ㸧ࡀ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⅊ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛࣇࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ▷

㊥㞳୺ㄒ㸦⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ୺ㄒ㸧ࡀ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ࡟࠾࠸

࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡣࠊ⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ୺ㄒ࡜⤫⋡⠊␪ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ⠇እ ࡢ୺ㄒࠊࡑࡢ୧᪉ࢆチࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊ ᩍ⛉᭩࡟ࡣ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡟ヂࡉࢀࠊࡶࡋẕㄒ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷ

ࡅࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ࡜▷㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ୧᪉ࢆ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᅗ㸯ࡢ୰ᅜேࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜேࡀ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ࡜▷㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ୧᪉ࢆཷࡅධࢀࠊ࠿ࡘࠊ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ

࡯࠺ࡀ▷㊥㞳୺ㄒࡼࡾ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ▷㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ㑅 ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕ ㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ୰ᅜேࡢ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓ(p <

0.5㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ୰ᅜㄒࡀᮍ⇍࡞ึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠿ࡽ୰ᅜㄒࡀୖ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿୖ⣭

ࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛ࠊ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ㛗㊥㞳ᣦྥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᐜㄆᗘࡀప࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ୰ᅜ ㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ㛗㊥㞳ᣦྥࡢ⩦ᚓࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᅗ㸯ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

ึ⣭ ୰⣭ ୖ⣭ ୰ᅜே

ᩥᆺ㸯㸸୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ͇⩦ᚓ

㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ ▷㊥㞳୺ㄒ

࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡶࡋẕㄒ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ㛗㊥

㞳ᣦྥࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ㛗㊥㞳ᣦྥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᐜㄆᗘࡀప࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࠿

ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥࡢඛ⾜モࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊ᪥

ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

ᅗ2 ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ⩦ᚓ

ᅗ2ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭࡜୰ᅜே࡟ࡼࡿ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒ ᵓᩥඛ⾜モᣦྥࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㯮ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛࣇࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣㄪᰝᩥࡢ୺ㄒࡀ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ

࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⅊ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛࣇࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣㄪᰝᩥࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡀ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ

࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩥᆺ2࡛ࡣࠊᩥࡢ୺ㄒࡀ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡢ

࡟ᑐࡋࠊᩥࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡀ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࡣᅗ2࡟♧ࡉࢀࡓ୰ᅜே

ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜㢮ఝࡋࠊ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ࡟࠾࠸

࡚ࠊᩥࡢ୺ㄒࡀࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᩥࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡀඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊẕㄒ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ

ࡢ㌿⛣࡟ࡼࡾ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞࠸

࡜ண ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ᅗ2ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭ࡢྛࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୺ㄒࡢඛ⾜モ 㑅ᢥ࡜ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ୰ᅜே⤌ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ

⩦⪅ึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠿ࡽṇࡋࡃ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊẕㄒ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ㌿⛣ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ

3.3 ⪃ᐹ

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᅗ1ࡢ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊẕ ㄒ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ㌿⛣ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ୍᪉ࠊᅗ2ࡢ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓ

ᩥࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊẕㄒ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ㌿⛣ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ஧ࡘࡢᩥᆺ࡜ࡶ࡟ྠࡌ⤖

ᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡞ࡢ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡢ᏶඲࡟▩┪ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ௚ࡢせᅉࡀᙳ㡪 0

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

ึ⣭ ୰⣭ ୖ⣭ ୰ᅜே

ᩥᆺ2㸸୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ͇⩦ᚓ

୺ㄒ ┠ⓗㄒ

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

ᚰ⌮ゝㄒᏛࡢᩥ⌮ゎᐇ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊゎᯒჾ (parser) ࡀᩥࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࡢ᪉␎ (the

most recent filler) ࡸ୺㢟ᙺ๭ඃඛ᪉␎࡞࡝ࡢ᪉␎ࡀࡼࡃ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ୰

ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊᩥ⌮ゎᐇ㦂࡜ྠࡌ᪉␎ࢆ౑࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡘࡲࡾࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡟୍␒㏆࠸ඛ⾜モࡀ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ዲࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶ

ࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ୺㢟㝵ᒙ (thematic hierarchy) ࡟ࡼࡾࠊືస୺ (agent) ࡜⤒㦂⪅ (experiencer) ࡀඃඛⓗ

࡟୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ዲࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᅗ1࡜ᅗ2ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒ ヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡟ࠕ୍␒㏆࠸୺ㄒࠖࡀ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡓࡇ

࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࠕ୍␒㏆࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ▱ぬࡢ᪉␎㸦౛ࠊ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࡢ᪉␎㸧࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕ୺ㄒࠖࡀඃඛⓗ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ୺㢟ᙺ๭ඃඛ᪉␎࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ୍␒㏆࠸୺ㄒࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕ ㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡢ᪉␎ࢆྠ᫬࡟౑ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ

᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶࠊ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࡢ᪉␎ࡸ୺㢟ᙺ๭ඃඛ᪉␎

࡞࡝ࡢ᪉␎ࢆ⏝࠸࡚୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚ṇࡋࡃ⩦ᚓࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࡣண ࡜␗࡞ࡾ᪥ᮏㄒ ẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⩦ᚓࡋ㞴࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

4 ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓㄪᰝ

⾲㸯࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀ୍⮴ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅

ࡀ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿ㝿࡟᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬

ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆ⡆༢࡟⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ண ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟⾜ࡗࡓ୰ᅜㄒ

͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊẕㄒ᪥ᮏㄒ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜ ㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࡢ᪉␎ࡸ୺㢟ᙺ๭ඃඛ᪉␎ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉␎ࢆ⏝࠸࡚୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ

⾜モࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚

ᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢ❶࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ẕㄒ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇

ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࠋ

4.1 ㄪᰝᩥ

᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ⩦ᚓࡢㄪᰝᩥࡣ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇⩦ᚓࡢㄪᰝᩥ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆ㓄៖ࡋࠊ

⡆༢࡞ㄪᰝᩥ࠿ࡘ᣺ࡾ௬ྡࢆ௜ࡅࡓࠋᐇ㝿ࡢㄪᰝᩥࡣୗグࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(13) ᩥᆺ1㸸ࠕ⮬ศࠖᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ

ࡉࡃࡽࡣ ࡅࢇࡀ ⮬ศ^{ࡌ ࡪ ࢇ}࡟ ⮬ಙ^{ࡌ ࡋ ࢇ}ࡀ࡞࠸ ࡜ᛮ^࠾ࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕ⮬ศ^{ࡌ ࡪ ࢇ}ࠖࡣㄡ^ࡔࢀࢆᣦ^ࡉࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿㸽

⤯ᑐࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡑ࠺ࡔ(100%) ࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔ ࡓࡪࢇࡕࡀ࠺ ⤯ᑐ^ࡐࡗࡓ࠸ࡕࡀ࠺(0%) ࠕࡉࡃࡽ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ^{࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸}ࡣ [A] [B] [C] [D]

ࠕࡅࢇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ^{࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸}ࡣ [A] [B] [C] [D]

(14) ᩥᆺ2㸸ࠕ⮬ศࠖ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ

ࡉࡃࡽࡣ ࡣ࡞ࡇ࡟ ⮬ศࡢ෗┿ࢆ ㏦ࡗࡓࠋ ࠕ⮬ศ^{ࡌ ࡪ ࢇ}ࠖࡣㄡ^ࡔࢀࢆᣦ^ࡉࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿㸽

⤯ᑐࡐࡗࡓ࠸

ࡑ࠺ࡔ(100%) ࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔ ࡓࡪࢇࡕࡀ࠺ ⤯ᑐ^ࡐࡗࡓ࠸ࡕࡀ࠺(0%) ࠕࡉࡃࡽ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ^{࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸}ࡣ [A] [B] [C] [D]

ࠕࡣ࡞ࡇ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ^{࠿ ࡢ ࠺ ࡏ ࠸}ࡣ [A] [B] [C] [D]

(13) ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ࡛ࠊ㉁ၥࡀ஧ࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ㛗㊥㞳୺ㄒࠕࡉࡃࡽࠖ

ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕ⤯ᑐࡑ࠺ࡔࠖࡣ [A]ࠊࠕࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔࠖࡣ [B]ࠊࠕࡓࡪࢇࡕ ࡀ࠺ࠖࡣ [C]ࠊࠕ⤯ᑐࡕࡀ࠺ࠖࡣ [D] ࢆᅇ⟅࡜ࡋ୍࡚ࡘ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ㉁ၥࡣࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ▷

㊥㞳୺ㄒࠕࡅࢇࠖࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊྠࡌᇶ‽࡛[A]ࠊ[B]ࠊ[C]ࠊ[D] ࠿ࡽᅇ⟅

ࢆ୍ࡘ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ(14) ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ࡛ࠊ㉁ၥࡀ஧ࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠕ⮬

ศࠖࡣ୺ㄒࠕࡉࡃࡽࠖࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࠊࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ┠ⓗㄒࠕࡣ࡞ࡇࠖࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ

ࡿ࠿ࠊ[A]ࠊ[B]ࠊ[C]ࠊ[D] ࠿ࡽᅇ⟅ࢆ୍ࡘ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ(13), (14) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥࢆ8ᩥࠊࠕᙼ⮬㌟ࠖࢆ

ྵࡴᩥࢆ8ᩥࠊࢲ࣑࣮ᩥࢆ8ᩥࠊྜィ24ᩥࢆ⏝ពࡋࠊࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ᩥࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ

༠ຊ⪅ࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒึ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅20 ྡ㸦᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ 1㸫2 ᖺ㸧࡜ࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ

୰⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅20ྡ㸦୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ3㸫4ᖺ㸧࡜ࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒୖ⣭Ꮫ⩦⪅12ྡ㸦୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦Ṕ4 ᖺ௨ୖ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅42ྡ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋྛ༠ຊ⪅࡟ㅰ♩㔠

ࢆᡶࡗࡓࠋ

4.2 ⤖ᯝ࡜ศᯒ

ࠕ⤯ᑐࡑ࠺ࡔࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ3ࠊࠕࡓࡪࢇࡑ࠺ࡔࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ2ࠊࠕࡓࡪࢇࡕࡀ࠺ࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ1ࠊࠕ⤯ᑐࡕࡀ࠺ࠖ

ࡢᅇ⟅ࡣ0࡛グධࡋࠊ Tukeyከ㔜⤫ィࢆࡋࡓࠋ3ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᅇ⟅ࡢ

ᩘᏐ࡛ࠊ0ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᅇ⟅ࡢᩘᏐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᅗ3 ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ⩦ᚓ 0

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

ึ⣭ ୰⣭ ୖ⣭ ᪥ᮏே

ᩥᆺ㸯㸸᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ⩦ᚓ

㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ ▷㊥㞳୺ㄒ

ᅗ3ࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭࡜᪥ᮏே࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥ

ඛ⾜モ㑅ᢥࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㯮ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛࣇࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ㸦⤫⋡⠊␪ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ

⠇እࡢ୺ㄒ㸧ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⅊ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛࣇࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ▷㊥㞳୺ㄒ㸦⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ୺ㄒ㸧

ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆྵࡴᇙࡵ㎸ࡳᩥࡢሙྜࠊ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ࡜▷㊥㞳୺ㄒࡀ࡜ࡶ࡟ࠕ⮬

ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ྠࡌ࡛࠶

ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡶࡋẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ⡆༢࡟᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆ⩦ᚓ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜

ண ࡍࡿࠋ

ᅗ 3 ࡛ࡣ▷㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࡢ㑅ᢥ

࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜ୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㛫ࠊึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜᪥ᮏே⤌ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព ᕪࡀほᐹࡉࢀ (p < 0.5㸧ࠊୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜᪥ᮏே⤌ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡋ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒ Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀẕㄒ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ㌿⛣࡟ࡼࡾ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モࢆุ᩿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࡤࠊึ⣭

ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᏛ⩦⪅࡛ࡶ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒ㑅ᢥࡀᑡ

࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊẕㄒ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ㌿⛣ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀୖࡀ

ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ㐲㊥㞳୺ㄒࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀゝ

࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ᅗ4 ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ⩦ᚓ

ᅗ4ࡣ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ึ⣭࣭୰⣭࣭ୖ⣭࡜᪥ᮏே࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒ ᵓᩥඛ⾜モ㑅ᢥࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㯮ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛࣇࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀᩥࡢ୺ㄒࢆࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜

モ࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⅊ⰍࡢᲬࢢࣛࣇࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣᩥࡢ┠ⓗㄒࢆࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚

㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩥࡢ୺ㄒࢆࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡜

ࡋ࡚ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡢࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ┠ⓗㄒࢆࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡢࡀ㐺ษ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୰ᅜㄒ

͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࢆྵࡴ஧㔜┠ⓗㄒᵓᩥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ

࡜ྠࡌ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊẕㄒ୰ᅜㄒࡢ㌿⛣࡟ࡼࡾ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿሙྜࠊᩥࡢ୺ㄒࡀ㑅ࡤࢀࡿྍ

⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜ண ࡍࡿࠋ

ᅗ 4 ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࡑࡢண ࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⿬௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀྛࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠾࠸

࡚ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡜ࡋ࡚ᩥࡢ୺ㄒࢆ㑅ࡪഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊẕㄒ୰ᅜㄒ 0

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

ึ⣭ ୰⣭ ୖ⣭ ᪥ᮏே

ᩥᆺ2㸸᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ⩦ᚓ

୺ㄒ ┠ⓗㄒ

͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ㌿⛣ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ

4.3 ⪃ᐹ

᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡼࡿ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇⩦ᚓࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠࡌࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏ ㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᅗ3ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ ࡀࠊ୍᪉ࠊᅗ4ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ3.3⠇࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ

஧ࡘࡢᩥᆺ࡜ࡶ࡟ྠࡌ⤖ᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡞ࡢ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ஧ࡘࡢ᏶඲࡟▩┪ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣࡛

ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ௚ࡢせᅉࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

3.3⠇࡛ࡣ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࡢ᪉␎ࡸ୺㢟ᙺ๭ඃඛ᪉␎ࢆ㏙࡭ࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪉␎ࡣゎᯒჾࡀゝㄒⓗ▱

㆑ࡢ౑⏝ࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡞࡜ࡁ࡟౑࠺ᩥ⌮ゎ᪉␎ࡔ࡜▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ3 ࡜ᅗ4ࡢ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦

⪅ึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࣇ࢕࣮ࣛࡢ᪉␎ࡸ୺㢟ᙺ๭ඃඛ᪉␎ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛

ࡁࡿࠋึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡣࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆࡼࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿ

㝿࡟ࠊࠕ୍␒㏆࠸୺ㄒࠖ㸦ᅗ3࡛ࡣึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ⅊Ⰽᰕࠊᅗ㸲࡛ࡣึ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ㯮Ⰽᰕ㸧࡜࠸࠺᭱ࡶ㏆࠸ࣇ࢕ࣛ

࣮ࡢ᪉␎ࡸ୺㢟ᙺ๭ඃඛ᪉␎ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モࢆ㑅ࢇࡔ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅

ࡀᏛ⩦ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢୖ㐩࡟ࡘࢀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏே࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ

⾜モࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢሙྜࠊᏛ⩦ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀࠊ

᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟᪥ᮏே࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿

ࡗࡓࠋ

5 ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓẚ㍑

᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡼࡿ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇⩦ᚓㄪᰝ࡜୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡼ

ࡿ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ⩦ᚓㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ௨ୗࡢ2Ⅼࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ

ձ ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊẕㄒࡢ㌿⛣ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ղ ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀୖ⣭࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡶ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬

ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸

࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅

ࡀࣞ࣋ࣝࡢୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓࡣẚ㍑ⓗ࡟

ᐜ࡛᫆࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀ୍

⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ⩦ᚓࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡼࡾ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ ᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ

5.1 ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢẚ㍑

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ⩦ᚓㄪᰝ࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ

ࡼࡾ⩦ᚓࡋ㞴࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣඛ⾜モᣦྥࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ࡞ࡐ⩦ᚓࡢ㞴᫆ᗘ࡟ᕪࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋḟࡢ⠇࡛ࡣ୧

⾲⌧ࡢᩥἲୖࡢᕪ␗࡜ㄒ※࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆẚ㍑ࡋࠊ⩦ᚓࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࡢᕪࡢ ཎᅉࢆ᥈ࡿࠋ

5.1.1 ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ㢮ఝⅬ

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣୗグࡢࡼ࠺࡞㢮ఝⅬࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋձ࡜ղ࡟౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ౛

( (15) - (18) ) ࡣᮏㄪᰝ࡛౑ࢃࢀࡓㄪᰝᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ձ 㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ (long distance binding)

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣChomskyࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ᮰⦡ཎ⌮A࡟㐪཯ࡋࠊ⠇ෆ࡛ࡢ᮰⦡㸦ᒁ ᡤⓗ᮰⦡㸧࡜⠇ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ᮰⦡㸦㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡㸧ࡢ୧᪉ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(15) ᕐ୕i 㿹ᚓ [ᮤᅄj ሩ⮬ᕫi/j ἐಙᚰ]ࠋ( (11) ෌ᥖ)

(16) ኴ㑻iࡣ [ⰼᏊjࡀ⮬ศi/jࢆಙ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸] ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(15) ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢඛ⾜モࡣ⠇ෆࡢ୺ㄒ͆ᮤᅄ͇࡜⠇ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ⠇እࡢ୺ㄒ͆ᕐ୕͇ࡢ୧᪉ࢆ

ᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(16) ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モࡶྠᵝ࡟ࠊ⠇ෆࡢ୺ㄒࠕⰼᏊࠖ࡜⠇ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ⠇እ ࡢ୺ㄒࠕኴ㑻ࠖࡢ୧᪉ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ղ ୺ㄒᣦྥᛶ (subject orientation)

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ୺ㄒࢆඛ⾜モ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ┠ⓗㄒࢆඛ⾜モ࡜

ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

(17) ᕐ୕i 㔉஢ ᮤᅄj ୍ᕐ ⮬ᕫi/*j ⓗ ↷∦ࠋ

(18) ኴ㑻iࡣ ⰼᏊj࡟ ⮬ศi/*jࡢ෗┿ࢆ ࠶ࡆࡓࠋ

(17) ࡢ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ (18) ࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀᩥࡢ୺ㄒ͆ᕐ୕͇࡜ࠕኴ㑻ࠖࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ

ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ┠ⓗㄒ͆ᮤᅄ͇࡜ࠕⰼᏊࠖࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

ճ ḟ⤫ไ᮰⦡ (sub-command binding)

ྜྷỌ (2005) ࡣ (19) ࡜ (20) ࡢ౛ࢆᣲࡆࠊ୺ㄒᣦྥᛶ࡟㐪཯ࡍࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋ୺ㄒ͆Ỷ䖖͇࡜ࠕ㌴ࠖࡣ

͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(19) ᡃi ▱㐨 [ ᕐ୕j ⓗ Ỷ䖖] ⿕ ⮬ᕫi/j ⓗ ᭸཭ ᘝᆗ஢ࠋ

(20) ⚾iࡣ [ ኴ㑻j ࡢ㌴]ࡣ ⮬ศi/j ࡢ཭ே࡟ቯࡉࢀࡓ࡜▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モࡣ᭷⏕ྡモ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ(19)࡜(20)࡟࠾ࡅࡿ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇

࡜ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢඛ⾜モࡣ͆Ỷ䖖͇࡜ࠕ㌴࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠊḟ⤫ᚚࡍࡿ͆ᕐ୕͇࡜ࠕኴ㑻࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ

5.1.2 ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ┦㐪Ⅼ

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㢮ఝⅬࡀከ࠸ࠋ୍᪉ࠊ୧⪅ࡣ௨ୗࡢ┦㐪

Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

ձ 㜼Ṇຠᯝ (blocking effect)

(21) ࡣ౛ (15) ࡢ⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ୺ㄒ͆ᮤᅄ͇ࡀ➨୍ே⛠௦ྡモ࡜➨஧ே⛠௦ྡモĀᡁ/֐ā࡟ኚࢃࡿᩥ࡛

࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ⤫⋡⠊␪ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ⠇እࡢ୺ㄒ͆ᕐ୕͇ࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ㜼ࡲࢀࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜

ࡣ㜼Ṇຠᯝ(blocking effect)࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢሙྜࠊ౛ (16) ࡢ⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ୺ㄒࠕⰼᏊࠖ

ࡀ➨୍ே⛠௦ྡモ࡜➨஧ே⛠௦ྡモࠕ൅㸭ྩࠖ࡟ኚࢃࡗࡓ (22) ࡢᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡ࡀ㜼Ṇࡉ

ࢀࡎࠊ⤫⋡⠊␪ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓ⠇እࡢ୺ㄒࠕኴ㑻ࠖࡀࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ྠ୍ᣦᶆࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ୰ᅜㄒ

͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ㜼Ṇຠᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ㜼Ṇຠᯝࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ

(21) ᕐ୕i 㿹ᚓ [ᡃ/఼j ሩ ⮬ᕫ*i/j ἐಙᚰ]ࠋ

(22) ኴ㑻iࡣ [ ൅/ྩjࡀ ⮬ศi/jࢆ ಙ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸] ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ղ ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモࡢ㐪࠸

⏕ᡂᩥἲ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿ㏙ㄒ (predicate) ࡀࠊࡑࡢㄒᙡ≉ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚㡯 (argument) ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘᚲせ࡜ࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㡯ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞୺㢟ᙺ (ș-role) ࢆᢸ࠺࠿ࢆࠊㄒᙡ┠㘓 (lexicon) ࡛ᣦᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ

ືモputࡣࠊ୺㢟ᙺືస୺ (agent) ࢆᢸ࠺㡯ࢆእ㡯 (external argument)㸦୺ㄒ࡜࡞ࡿ㡯㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ᢥࡋࠊ୺

㢟 (theme)ࠊሙᡤ (location) ࢆᢸ࠺஧ࡘࡢ㡯ࢆෆ㡯 (internal argument)㸦⿵㒊 (complement) ࡜࡞ࡿ㡯㸧࡜

ࡋ࡚㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋ↷ᛂᙧ࡜㛵ಀ࠶ࡿືモࡣ஧㡯ືモ࡜୕㡯ືモ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

⩪ (2019) ࡣࠕ䈝ᩱᓃᅾ㓯ࡢࢥ࣮ࣃࢫࠖㄪᰝ࡜ࠓ≹䈝ࣘ䇽⏝ἲᏐ඾ࠔࡢㄪᰝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ୰ᅜㄒ ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ඹ㉳࡛ࡁࡿືモࢆ཮᪉ྥࡢືモ࡜༢᪉ྥࡢືモ࡟ศࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༢᪉ྥࡢືモࡣ௚᪉ᣦྥືモ࡜⮬

ᡃᣦྥືモ࡟ศࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ“┦ಙ”㸦ಙࡌࡿ㸧ࡣ཮᪉ྥືモ࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄒᙡࡢᣦྥࡣ௚ࡢே࡛ࡶ࠸

࠸ࡋࠊ⮬ศࢆᣦࡋ࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࠋࡑࡢ௚ࠊ“䍓༷”㸦㈐ࡵࡿ㸧ࠊ“႐⅒”㸦ዲࡁࡔ㸧࡞࡝ࡢㄒᙡࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ“䇘 ዲ”㸦Ḽᚰࢆ㈙࠺㸧ࡣ༢᪉ྥືモࡢ௚᪉ᣦྥືモ࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄒᙡࡢᣦྥࡣ௚ࡢேࡢࡳ࡛ࠊ⮬ศࢆᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ

࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ “ᩆ”㸦ᩆ࠺㸧ࠊ“ᢪᛷ”㸦ᩥྃࢆゝ࠺㸧ࠊ“ᛦ”㸦ᜍࢀࡿ㸧࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ“আᘝ”㸦⮬

៏ࡍࡿ㸧ࡣ༢᪉ྥືモࡢ⮬ᡃᣦྥືモ࡛࠶ࡾࠊㄒᙡࡢᣦྥࡣ௚ࡢே࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ศࡋ࠿ᣦࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞

࠸ࠋ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ “Ⅱ⪀”㸦㄂♧ࡍࡿ㸧࡞࡝ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ

᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᭩ࡁゝⴥᆒ⾮ࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ㸦ࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧࡟ࡼࡾࠊ↷ᛂ⾲⌧ࢆ⾲ࡍ ࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモࡢᩘࡣᑡ࡞ࡃࠊࠕ㦫ࡃࠖࠊࠕᛮ࠺ࠖࠊࠕ႐ࡪࠖࠊ ࠕಙࡌࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮ືモ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋஂ㔝 (1973; 194) ࡀࠕ෌ᖐᙧࡢඛ⾜モࡢᣦ♧ᑐ

㇟࡛࠶ࡿேࡣࠗ⮬ศ࠘ࢆྵࡴ⠇ࡢෆᐜࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠕ᭷ព㆑᮲௳(Awareness Condition)ࠖࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋ

(23) a. ඛ⏕ࡀ⮬ศi ࢆ࡯ࡵࡓ᫬ࠊࢱ࢝ࢩiࡣࡦ࡝ࡃ㦫࠸ࡓࠋ

b. *ඛ⏕ࡀ⮬ศi ࢆ࡯ࡵࡓ᫬ࠊࢱ࢝ࢩiࡣࡄࡗࡍࡾ╀ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

(23a)࡛ࡣࢱ࢝ࢩࡀࠕඛ⏕ࡀ൅ࢆ࡯ࡵࡓࠖࡢࢆព㆑ࡍࡿ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠕ㦫࠸ࡓࠖࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢሙྜࠊࠕ᭷ព㆑᮲

௳ࠖ࡟ྜ࠺࠿ࡽࠊࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ࢱ࢝ࢩࡀྠ୍ᣦᶆ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ(23b)࡛ࡣࢱ࢝ࢩࡀࠕ╀

ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࡢ࡛ࠕඛ⏕ࡀ൅ࢆ࡯ࡵࡓࠖࡢࢆព㆑ࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࠕ᭷ព㆑᮲௳ࠖ࡟ྜࢃ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊࠕ⮬ศࠖ

࡜ࢱ࢝ࢩࡀྠ୍ᣦᶆ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ୙ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ྜྷỌ (2005) ࡣࠊࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢどⅬࡢ୺యࡀExperiencer࡞࡝ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ࣭ෆ┬ⓗせ⣲ࢆྵពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ

ᩥἲⓗ࡟チᐜࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜῝ࡃ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(24) a. ⮬ศi ࡶヨྜ࡟ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᙼi࡟኱ࡁ࡞႐ࡧࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋ

b. ??⮬ศi ࡶ᪂௻⏬࡟ཧຍ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᙼi࡟㧗཰ධ࡜㧗࠸ᆅ఩ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋ

(24a)ࡢࠕᙼࠖࡣ┠ⓗㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ႐ࡧࢆாཷࡍࡿᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞୺య࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢどⅬ࡜࡞ࡿ

ࡀࠊ(24b)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືసⓗ࡞ෆᐜࡢᩥ࡟᭰࠼ࡿ࡜どⅬࡀ☜ಖ࡛ࡁࡎᐜㄆᛶࡀⴠࡕࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

௨ୖ࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ↷ᛂᙧ⏝ἲ࡜ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモࡣᚰ⌮ືモࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ືモ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬

ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ↷ᛂᙧ⏝ἲ࡜ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモࡣᚰ⌮ືモࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ືモ࡟㝈ࡽࡎࠊලయⓗ࡞ືモࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺

ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ճ ㄒ※ࡢ㐪࠸

〻 (1999)ࠊ㪓 (2002)ࠊб (2007)ࠊ䠁(2014)ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡢ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ⣧⢋࡞෌ᖐ௦ྡ

モ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊྂ௦₎ㄒ࡛෌ᖐ⏝ἲࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ͆⮬ (zi)͇࡜௦ྡモ⏝ἲࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ͆ᕫ (ji)͇࠿ࡽྜᡂ ࡋࡓ」ྜㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ͆⮬ (zi)͇ࡣ↷ᛂᙧࡢാࡁࢆᣢࡕࠊ͆ᕫ (ji)͇ࡣ௦ྡモࡢാࡁࢆᣢࡕࠊ୧⪅ࡢ」ྜ࡟ࡼ

ࡾ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ↷ᛂᙧ࡜௦ྡモࡢ≉ᚩࢆ୧᪉ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋChomskyࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ᮰⦡ཎ⌮A࡟㐪཯ࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿୗグࡢ (25)ࡢ౛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ͆⮬ (zi)͇ࡣ↷ᛂᙧࡢാࡁࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊ⤫⋡⠊␪ෆࡢ୺ㄒĀᵾഋā

࡜ྠ୍ᣦᶆࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊ͆ᕫ (ji)͇ࡣ௦ྡモࡢാࡁࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽࠊ⤫⋡⠊␪እࡢ୺ㄒĀᕐйā

࡜ྠ୍ᣦᶆࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

(25) ᕐ୕i 㿹ᚓ [ᮤᅄj ሩ⮬ᕫi/j ἐಙᚰ]ࠋ( (11), (15) ෌ᥖ)

䠁(2014)ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ࿴〇₎ㄒ࡛ࠊᐊ⏫᫬௦࠿ࡽ⏝౛ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ ࠕศࠖࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ⨨࠿ࢀࡓቃ㐝࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ព࿡࡟⏝࠸ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕ⮬ࡽࡢศࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ⇍ࡋ࡚࿴〇ࡢ ㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢᡂ❧ࡢ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕෆⓗ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺

࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ⌧௦ࡢ୍ே⛠⏝ἲࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕෆⓗ⮬ᕫࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡟ࡼࡗ

࡚ᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ືモ࡜ࡋ࠿ඹ㉳ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

5.2 ⩦ᚓ㞴᫆ᗘࡢᕪࡢཎᅉ

௨ୖࡢ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඹ᫬ⓗ◊✲࡜㏻᫬ⓗ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬

ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ㢮ఝⅬࡀከ࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ࠾஫࠸࡟ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモ࡜ㄒ※ࡀ␗࡞ࡾࠊ⩦

ᚓ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡀ୚࠼ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୧⪅ࡢ㢮ఝⅬ࡜┦㐪Ⅼࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ձ ୧⪅ࡢ㢮ఝⅬ

࣭㛗㊥㞳᮰⦡

࣭୺ㄒᣦྥᛶ ࣭ḟ⤫ไ᮰⦡

ղ ୧⪅ࡢ┦㐪Ⅼ

࣭୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ㜼Ṇຠᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ㜼Ṇຠᯝࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ

࣭᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ↷ᛂᙧ⏝ἲ࡜ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモࡣᚰ⌮ືモࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ືモ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇

ࡢ↷ᛂᙧ⏝ἲ࡜ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモࡣᚰ⌮ືモࠊᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞ືモ࡟㝈ࡽࡎࠊලయⓗ࡞ືモࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ

࣭୰ᅜㄒࡢ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣྂ௦₎ㄒ࡛෌ᖐ⏝ἲࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ͆⮬ (zi)͇࡜௦ྡモ⏝ἲࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ͆ᕫ (ji)͇࡜ࡀሿྜࡋ࡚ᡂ❧ࡋࡓ஧㡢⠇ㄒ࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡣ࿴〇₎ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡼࡾ౑࠸᪉ࡀ」㞧࡛ࠊ࠿ࡘ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモ ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡼࡾ⠊ᅖࡀᗈ࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖ

ࡼࡾ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

6 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅࡟୰ᅜㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊࡲࡓࡣ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡀ୰ᅜㄒࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡢ

͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢᏛ⩦ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜ឤࡌࡿᣦᑟ⪅࡜Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋྠᵝ࡟ࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅࡟᪥ᮏ ㄒࢆᩍ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢᏛ⩦ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸

࡜ឤࡌࡿᣦᑟ⪅࡜Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅୰ᅜㄒᏛ⩦⪅

ࡀୖ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࡞ࡗࡓᚋ࡛ࡶࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡢ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ṇࡋࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀศ

࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊ୰ᅜㄒẕㄒヰ⪅᪥ᮏㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢሙྜࠊᏛ⩦ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕ⮬ศࠖࢆṇ ࡋࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ୧⪅ࡢ⩦ᚓ㞴᫆ᗘࡢᕪࡢཎᅉࢆ᥈ࡿࡓࡵࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡢ㢮ఝⅬ࡜┦㐪Ⅼࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࠺࠼ࠊඹ᫬ⓗ◊✲࡜㏻᫬ⓗ◊✲ࡲ࡛㐳ࡗࡓࠋ୰

ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ౑࠸᪉ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡼࡾ」㞧࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモࡶ␗࡞ࡾࠊᩥ඲య ࡢ⌮ゎ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠋ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜ඹ㉳ࡍࡿືモࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡼࡾ⠊ᅖࡀᗈࡃࠊ࠿ࡘ౑

࠸᪉ࡶ」㞧࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡼࡾ⩦ᚓࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ

ࡓࠋ

➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ෌ᖐ௦ྡモࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᩥἲ᭩࡟ࡣ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡓ⩦ᚓࡢ㐣⛬

࡛ࡣࡁࡕࢇ࡜ࡋࡓᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡯ࡰ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜㄒᩍ⫱࡜᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱࡛ࡣࠊ෌ᖐ௦ྡモ ࡢඛ⾜モᣦྥ࡟ㄝ᫂ࢆධࢀ࡚ᣦᑟࡋࡓ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ୰ᅜㄒ͆⮬ᕫ (ziji)͇࡜᪥ᮏㄒࠕ⮬ศࠖࡀྠ୍

ᣦᶆࢆ௜ࡅࡿඛ⾜モࡢ᮲௳ࢆ᫂☜࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ෌ᖐ௦ྡモ࡬ࡢ⌮ゎ࣑ࢫࡢ໬▼໬ࡀゎỴ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜

⪃࠼ࡿࠋ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

〻ᐕ1999 ࠕ≹䈝Ā㠚ᐡāа䇽Ⲵᙗ䍘ࠖ ࠗᖃԓ䈝䀰ᆖ࠘2ࠊ33-43.

Chomsky, Noam. 1981 Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.

бഭ䫖2007 ࠕ≹䈝Ā㠚ᐡāа䇽Ⲵ⭘⌅᧒Ⓚࠖ ࠗཆഭ䈝䀰᮷ᆖ࠘4ࠊ229-233.

㪓⿰㣣2002 ࠕਔ≹䈝ѝⲴĀ㠚ā઼Āᐡā⧠ԓ≹䈝Ā㠚ᐡāⲴ⢩↺ᙗⲴᶕⓀࠖ ࠗਔ≹䈝⹄ウ࠘54: 69- 75.

㔠ᬗ2014 ࠕ᪥୰෌ᖐ௦ྡモࡢព࿡࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ࠖ ࠗṔྐᩥ໬♫఍ㄽㅮᗙ⣖せ࠘11ࠊ25-39.

ཎཱྀᗉ㍜䞉୰ᮧᤩ⦅ 1996㻌 䛄䝏䝵䝮䝇䜻䞊⌮ㄽ㎡඾䛅㻌 ◊✲♫ฟ∧.

ஂ㔝ᬿ 1973 ࠗ᪥ᮏᩥἲ◊✲࠘኱ಟ㤋.

ᆏ⩞䞉䜁ᘰᗧ䞉ᆏᒶ⎧䞉㭑᮷ޠ㕆2012ࠗ≹䈝ࣘ䇽⭘⌅䇽ި࠘୶࣑ঠҖ侶ࠪ⡸

Thomas, Margaret. 1991 Universal grammar and the interpretation of reflexives in a second language. Language 67, 211-239.

Thomas, Margaret. 1995 Acquisition of the Japanese reflexives zibun and movement of anaphors in Logical Form.

Second language Research 11, 206-234.

ྜྷỌᑦ2005ࠕࠕ⮬ศࠖ࡜ࠕ⮬ᕫ (ziji)ࠖဨ↷ᛂࡢ᪥୰ᑐ↷ࠖ ࠗࡑࡢࡔㄒᩥ࠘1-11濁

Yuan, Boping. 1998 Interpretation of binding and orientation of the Chinese reflexive ziji by English and Japanese speakers. Second Language Research 14, 324-340.

᭮Ⳁ 2012 ࠕẕ䈝Ѫⱥ䈝ⓗ␃Ꮫ⏕ሩ≹䈝཯㌟௦䇽ⓗҐᚓ◊✲ࠖ ࠗॾᩥᩍᏛ୚◊✲࠘47ࠊ78-88.

㘏ࣷ2019 ࠕ≹䈝৽䓛ԓ䇽ⲴㅜҼ䈝䀰Ґᗇ㘳ሏࠖ ࠗ㟼ゝㄽྀ࠘2ࠊ123-142.

䈝ᯉᓃ൘㓯http://corpus.zhonghuayuwen.org/)

᭩ࡁゝⴥᆒ⾮ࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ㸦ࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ㛤Ⓨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧㸦https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/㸧

ᮏ◊✲䛾୍㒊䛿䚸᪥ᮏᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍⛉◊㈝ᇶ┙◊✲㻔㻯㻕◊✲ㄢ㢟䛂↷ᛂ⾲⌧➨஧ゝㄒ⩦ᚓ◊✲䇲୰ᅜㄒ䞉᪥ᮏ ㄒ䞉ⱥㄒ䜢୰ᚰ䛻䇲䛃䛾⿵ຓ䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌