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䇼⎇ⓥᵴേႎ๔䇽㩷 㩷 ၮ⋚⚛᧚䊒䊨䉶䉾䉲䊮䉫⎇ⓥಽ㊁

䋨㪉㪇㪇㪏䋮㪈䌾㪉㪇㪇㪏䋮㪈㪉䋩㩷

ᢎ ᝼㩷 㪑㩷 ർ᧛ା਽㩷 ಎ㩷 㩷 ᢎ㩷 㩷 ᝼㩷 㪑㩷 ᩊ↰ᶈᐘ㩷 ഥ㩷

㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 ᢎ㩷 㪑㩷 ਣጟિᵗ㩷

ഥᢎ䋨⎇ⓥ䋩㩷 䋺㪝㪸㫉㫊㪿㫀㪻㩷㪧㪸㪿㫃㪼㫍㪸㫅㫀㩷

㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪅㪋䌾㪀

㩷 ᛛⴚ⵬૒ຬ㩷 䋺㪝㪼㫃㫀㪺㫀㪸㩷㪣㪸㫑㫌㪸㫉㫌㪻㫀㩷

㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪅㪈䌾㪉㪇㪇㪏㪅㪈㪇㪀㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷

ዊේ㩷 ᕺ㩷 㩷

㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪅㪈㪈䌾㪀

㩷

ᄢ ቇ 㒮 ↢㩷 㪑㩷

㩿㪉㪇㪇㪎㪅㪈䌾㪊㪀㩷 㩷

ᩙጊ⑲᮸䇮ፉౝ⻞৻䇮ᷰㇱ␭੺㩷

㩷

᱌Ꮉ᩵ᄢ䇮ᧁ᧛శ৻㇢䇮ᱞ↰⌀ม䇮೨ጊବ᣿䇮ᮮጊ⚿⧎㩷

㩿㪉㪇㪇㪎㪅㪋䌾㪈㪉㪀㩷

ዊ㊁ᘕᐔ䇮ේ↰ᤩผ䇮ၳ↰ືᦶ㩷 ቴຬᢎ᝼䋺㪛㪅㪞㪅㪚㪅㪩㫆㪹㪼㫉㫋㫊㫆㫅㩷

㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪅㪐㪅䋱䌾㪈㪉㪅㪊㪈㪀㩷

⎇ⓥຬ㩷 㩷 䋺㪢㫉㫀㫊㫋㫆㪽㪼㫉㩷㪤㪸㫃㫄㪹㪼㫉㪾㩷

㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪅㪎㪅㪈䌾㪈㪈㪅㪊㪇㪀㩷 㩷

㋕㍑䈮ઍ⴫䈘䉏䉎䊔䊷䉴䊜䉺䊦⵾ㅧ䊒䊨䉶䉴䈲䋬ⅣႺ⺞๺␠ળ䈮ะ䈔䈢ᛛⴚᄌ㕟䈱ᤨ䈮䈅䉎䋮ᧄ⎇ⓥಽ㊁ 䈪䈲䋬䈖䈱䊔䊷䉴䊜䉺䊦䊒䊨䉶䉾䉲䊮䉫ᛛⴚ䈱ᣂዷ㐿䉕ᡰ䈋䉎ၮ⋚ᛛⴚ䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥᵴേ䉕ⴕ䈦䈩䈇䉎䋮ᧄಽ

㊁䈪䈲 㪊 ᦬䈮 㪊 ฬ䈱තᬺ↢䉕ㅍ䉍಴䈚㪃㪋 ᦬䈎䉌ᣂ䈢䈮 㪊 ฬ䈱ቇ↢䈏㈩ዻ䈘䉏䋬ഥᢎ㩿⎇ⓥ㪀䈫䈚䈩 㪝㪸㫉㫊㪿㫀㪻㩷 㪧㪸㪿㫃㪼㫍㪸㫅㫀 ำ䈏⌕છ䈚䈢䋮䉁䈢䋬ᄖ࿖ੱቴຬᢎ᝼䈫䈚䈩䉝䊜䊥䉦㪃㪤㫀㫊㫊㫆㫌㫉㫀㩷㪬㫅㫀㫍㪼㫉㫊㫀㫋㫐㩷㫆㪽㩷㪪㪺㫀㪼㫅㪺㪼㩷㩽㩷㪫㪼㪺㪿㫅㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐 䈱 㪛㪅㪞㪅㪚㩷 㪩㫆㪹㪼㫉㫋㫊㫆㫅 ᢎ᝼䈏 㪋 䉦᦬䋬⎇ⓥ↢䈫䈚䈩䉴䉡䉢䊷䊂䊮䋬㪩㫆㫐㪸㫃㩷 㪠㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㪼㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㪫㪼㪺㪿㫅㫆㫃㫆㪾㫐 䈎䉌 㪢㫉㫀㫊㫋㫆㪽㪼㫉㩷 㪤㪸㫃㫄㪹㪼㫉㪾 ำ䈏 㪌 䈎᦬䋬䈠䉏䈡䉏ṛ࿷䈚䈢䋮㪈㪇 ᦬䈮䈲ᛛⴚ⵬૒ຬ䈱 㪝㪼㫃㫀㪺㫀㪸㩷 㪣㪸㫑㫌㪸㫉㫌㪻㫀 䈘䉖䈏಴↥䈱䈢䉄ㅌ⡯

䈘䉏䇮㪈㪈 ᦬䈎䉌ዊේᕺ䈘䉖䈏᧪䉌䉏䈢䋮㪉㪇㪇㪏 ᐕ䈱⎇ⓥᵴേ䈲એਅ䈱䉋䈉䈮᭎᜝䈘䉏䉎䋮㩷 㩷

㪈㪅㩷 䊙䊦䉼䊐䉢䊷䉵䊐䊤䉾䉪䉴䉕↪䈇䈢♖㍰䊒䊨䉶䉴䈱᭴▽㩷 ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈲ṁ㌉⣕ῂಣℂ䈱෻ᔕല₸䉕ᭂ㒢䉁䈪ะ਄䈘 䈞䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䋬䉴䊤䉫⊒↢㊂䈱ૐᷫ䉕࿑䉎䈫䈫䉅䈮䋬዁᧪

䈱ഠ⾰ේΆᢱ૶↪ᤨ䈻䉅ኻᔕ䈪䈐䉎♖㍰䊒䊨䉶䉴䉕᭴▽

䈜䉎੐䉕⋡ᮡ䈫䈚䈩䈇䉎䋮⣕ῂ䉴䊤䉫䈮䈲ῂ㉄䉕࿕ṁ䈪䈐 䉎䉻䉟䉦䊦䉲䉡䊛䉲䊥䉬䊷䊃࿕⋧

(C

2

S)

䈏ሽ࿷䈚䈩䈇䉎䈢䉄䋬

⣕ῂല₸䉕਄䈕䉎䈮䈲䋬ᶧ⋧䉴䊤䉫䈎䉌

C

2

S

⋧䈻ῂ㉄䉕

⒖േ䈘䈞䋬䉴䊤䉫ᶧ⋧ਛ䈱

(P

2

O

5

)

Ớᐲ䉕ૐ䈒⛽ᜬ䈜䉎䈖䈫 䈏㊀ⷐ䈪䈅䉎䋮ᧄᐕ䈲䋬࿕⋧䈱ነਈ䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈢ṁ㌉⣕ῂ

෻ᔕ䊝䊂䊦䉕⊒ዷ䈘䈞䋮᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈩ォἹ♖

㍰䈻䈱ㆡ↪䉕࿑䈦䈢䋨࿑䋱䋩䋮䈖䈱ᚑᨐ䈲䋬ᣣᧄ㋕㍑දળ

䇸䊙䊦䉼䊐䉢䊷䉵೑↪䈮䉋䉎ṁ㌉⣕ῂ䊒䊨䉶䉴䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮⎇ⓥળ䇹䈱ၮᧄ䊝䊂䊦䈫䈚䈩ណ↪䈘䉏䈢䋮䉁䈢䋬

CaO-SiO

2

-P

2

O

5

-FeO

x♽䈪䈱ᶧ⋧✢⚵ᚑ䈫ῂ䈱࿕ᶧ㑆ಽ㈩䈮㑐䈜䉎⍮⷗䉕⫾Ⓧ䈚䈢䋮

㩷

࿑ 㪈㩷 ォἹ෻ᔕ䊝䊂䊦㩷

㪉㪅㩷 㕖㊄ዻ੺࿷‛䈱࿕⋧ౝ⚵❱⚵ᚑ೙ᓮ䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ㩷 㩷

㍑䈱․ᕈ䈮૞↪䈜䉎㕖㊄ዻ੺࿷‛䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ䈲䇮䈖䉏䉁䈪ṁ㍑ਛ䈪䈱㕖㊄ዻ੺࿷‛䈱↢ᚑ෻ᔕ䈅䉎䈇 䈲ᦨ⚳⵾ຠᲑ㓏䈪䈱㕖㊄ዻ੺࿷‛䈱ᓇ㗀䈱⺞ᩏ䈏ਥᵹ䈪䈅䈦䈢䋮䈚䈎䈚䇮ታ㓙䈱⵾ㅧ䊒䊨䉶䉴䈪䈲㍑䈲ౣ

ടᾲ䉕ฃ䈔䈩䈎䉌࿶ᑧ䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䈏ᄙ䈒䇮䈖䈱ㆊ⒟䈪䈱㕖㊄ዻ੺࿷‛䈱᜼േ䈲䈾䈫䉖䈬⎇ⓥ䈘䉏䈩䈖䈭䈎䈦䈢䋮 䈖䉏䉁䈪䈱⎇ⓥ䈪䇮ಝ࿕ᓟ䈱࿕૕䈱䉥䊷䉴䊁䊅䉟䊃♽䉴䊁䊮䊧䉴㍑ਛ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮

MnO-SiO

2♽੺࿷‛䈏䇮ૐ

Si

Ớᐲ䈱႐ว䈮

MnO-Cr

2

O

3♽੺࿷‛䈮ᾲಣℂ䈮䉋䉍ᄌൻ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏᣿䉌䈎䈮䈭䈦䈢䋮䈘䉌䈮

Fe

䋭

Cr

♽䈱ว㊄䈮 䈍䈇䈩

Cr

䇮䌓䌩䋬

Mn

Ớᐲ䉕ᄌൻ䈘䈞䈢䈫䈖䉐䇮

Cr

䈏䋵䋦એ਄䈪䇮

Si

䈏

0.

䋲䋦એਅ䈱႐ว䈮೨ㅀ䈱੺࿷‛䈱ᄌൻ 䈏⿠䈖䉎䈖䈫䈏᣿䉌䈎䈮䈭䈦䈢䋮䉁䈢䇮

Fe-Cr

ว㊄䈫

MnO-SiO

2♽㉄ൻ‛䈱᜛ᢔኻ䉕↪䈇䈢ታ㛎䈎䉌䇮ᧄ෻ᔕ䈲

㉄ൻ‛䈫

Fe-Cr

ว㊄ਛ䈱

Cr

䇮

Si

䈱᜛ᢔ䈮ᡰ㈩䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䈏ಽ䈎䈦䈢䋮䈘䉌䈮䇮

S

䈱ᓇ㗀䉇

Nb

♽㉄ൻ‛䈮

䈧䈇䈩⺞ᩏ䉕ታᣉ䈚䈩䈇䉎䋮 㩷

㪊㪅㩷 䊔䊷䉴䊜䉺䊦䉴䊤䉫䈎䉌䈱᦭ଔర⚛䊥䉰䉟䉪䊦ᛛⴚ䈱⎇ⓥ㩷 㩷

⵾㍑䉴䊤䉫䈮䈲䊙䊮䉧䊮䉇䉪䊨䊛䈫䈇䈦䈢᦭ଔర⚛䈏ᄙ䈒฽䉁䉏䈩䈇䉎䉅䈱䈱䋬䈠䉏䉌䈲ో䈒᦭ല೑↪䈘䉏䈩 䈇䈭䈇䋮ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈲䋬䉴䊤䉫䉕⾗Ḯ䈫⹺⼂䈚䋬㊄ዻ⵾㍰ᛛⴚ䉕ㆡ↪䈚䈩᦭ଔర⚛䉕ಽ㔌䊶࿁෼䈜䉎น⢻ᕈ䉕⷗ᭂ

䉄䉎䈖䈫䉕⋡⊛䈫䈚䈩䈇䉎䋮ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈱․ᓽ䈲䉴䊤䉫䉕න⚐䈮ㆶర䈜䉎䈱䈪䈲䈭䈒䋬৻ᣤ䋬㪝㪼㪪㪄㪤㫅㪪 ⋧䉕↢ᚑ䈜䉎 ὐ䈮䈅䉍䋬㋕䉇䊙䊮䉧䊮䈲⎫ൻ‛䉕ᒻᚑ䈜䉎䈏䊥䊮䋬䉪䊨䊛䈲⎫ൻ‛䉕ᒻᚑ䈚䈭䈇䈫䈇䈉ൻቇ⊛․ᕈ䈮⌕⋡䈚䋬 㕖㋕⵾㍰䈪䊙䉾䊃䈫⒓䈘䉏䉎ṁⲢ⎫ൻ‛⋧䉕↢ᚑ䈘䈞䈩䊥䊮䈫䉪䊨䊛䉕䊙䊮䉧䊮䈎䉌ቢో䈮ಽ㔌䈜䉎䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䋮 ᧄᐕ䈲䋬䈠䈱ၮ␆ේℂ䉕⏕⹺䈜䉎䈢䉄䋬⵾㍑䉴䊤䉫䈱⎫ൻಣℂ䈮䉋䉎䊙䊮䉧䊮䈱ಽ㈩ᐔⴧ᷹ቯ䈱⌕ᚻ䈚䈢䋮㩷 㩷

㪋㪅㩷 ෻ᔕ⇇㕙Ⓧ䈱ᭂᄢൻ䈮䉋䉎⿥㜞ㅦ♖㍰䊒䊨䉶䉴䈱ㅊ᳞䈮㑐䈜䉎⎇ⓥ㩷 㩷

䉴䊤䉫㪄䊜䉺䊦㑆෻ᔕ䉕㜞ㅦൻ಴᧪䉏䈳㍑䈱㜞ᐲᷡᵺൻ䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䇮㪚㪸㪦 䈱૶↪㊂䈍䉋䈶䉴䊤䉫ឃ಴㊂䈱

೥ᷫ䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉎䇯ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲䊜䉺䊦䉣䊙䊦䉳䊢䊮䈮⌕⌒䈚䇮䉴䊤䉫ਛ䈮ṁ㋕ᓸ☸ሶ䉕 Ộ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍෻ᔕ

⇇㕙ⓍჇᄢൻ䈘䈞䉎䈖䈫䉕⋡⊛䈫䈚䇮䉣䊙䊦䉳䊢䊮↢ᚑ⢻䈱ᐩ็䈐䉧䉴ᵹ㊂䈍䉋䈶ฦ⒳‛ᕈ୯䈱ነਈ䉕ᬌ⸛䈚 䈢䇯䈠䈖䈪䈲㔚᳇Ἱౝ䈪ૐⲢὐ㊄ዻ䋨㋦䋩䈍䉋䈶ૐⲢὐ䉴䊤䉫

䋨Ⴎൻ‛♽ṁⲢႮ䋩䉕ṁ⸃䈚䇮ਅㇱ䈎䉌䉧䉴ᡬᜈ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪䉴䊤䉫 ਛ䈱䊜䉺䊦 Ộ☸ሶ䈱⹏ଔ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯ᧄ♽䈪↪䈇䈢ṁⲢႮ䈲᳓

ṁᕈ䈪䇮᳓䈮ṁ䈎䈚䇮䉐ㆊ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪䊜䉺䊦☸ሶ䉕ಽ㔌䈪䈐䉎䈢 䉄䇮࿑䋲䈮␜䈜䊜䉺䊦☸ሶ䉕ᓧ䉎䈖䈫䈮ᚑഞ䈚䈢䇯ᓧ䉌䉏䈢☸ሶ䉕 䊂䉳䉺䊦䊙䉟䉪䊨䉴䉮䊷䊒䈪ⷰኤ䇮☸ᓘ᷹ቯ䈚䈢⚿ᨐ䇮ᐩ็䈐䉧 䉴ᵹ㊂䈫䉣䊙䊦䉳䊢䊮↢ᚑ䈱㑐ଥ䈮䈲ᭂᄢ୯䈏ሽ࿷䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏

᣿䉌䈎䈮䈭䉍䇮䉧䉴ᵹ㊂䈏ᄙ䈔䉏䈳ᄙ䈇䈾䈬䉋䈇䉒䈔䈪䈲䈭䈇䈖 䈫䈏᣿䉌䈎䈮䈭䈦䈢䇯੹ᓟ‛ᕈ୯䉕ᄌൻ䈘䈞䈢ᬌ⸛䉕ⴕ䈉੍ቯ䈪 䈅䉎䇯㩷

㪌㪅㩷 ήᯏ᧚ᢱ䈱ᾲ‛ᕈ⹏ଔᴺ䈱㐿⊒䈫᷹ቯ

㩷

㕖Ᏹ䈮㜞䈇䉧䊤䉴ᒻᚑ⢻䉕ᜬ䈧䊋䊦䉪㊄ዻ䉧䊤䉴䈱ᾲ‛ᕈ୯䈲䇮䈠䈱‛⾰䈱ᧄ⾰⊛䈭․ᕈ䈱ℂ⸃䉇䈘䉌䈮 䈲⵾ㅧᎿ⒟䈱ᦨㆡൻ䉕ㅴ䉄䉎਄䈪ᄢᄌ㊀ⷐ䈪䈅䉎䉅䈎䈎䉒䉌䈝䇮ャㅍ․ᕈ䈮㑐䉒䉎ᾲવዉ₸䈱䊂䊷䉺䈲䈾䈫

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2

☸ሶ䈱䊂䉳䉺䊦䊙䉟䉪䊨䉴䉮䊷䊒௝

100㱘m

䉖䈬⫾Ⓧ䈘䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇䋮䊋䊦䉪㊄ዻ䉧䊤䉴䈱↥ᬺ೑↪䉕ㅴ䉄䉎਄䈪䇮䈬䈱䈒䉌䈇ᄢ䈐䈭䉅䈱䈏૞⵾䈪䈐䉎䈱䈎䉕 વᾲ䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈮䉋䉍⹏ଔ䈜䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅䉎䇯䈖䈱⸘▚䈮ਇนᰳ䈭䇮

Zr

ၮ㊄ዻ䉧䊤䉴䈱ᾲવዉ₸䉕䇮䊧䊷䉱 䊷䊐䊤䉾䉲䊠ᴺ䈍䉋䈶䇮ᾲᵹㅦဳ␜Ꮕ⿛ᩏᾲ㊂⸘䉕⚵䉂ว䉒䈞䈩䇮䉧䊤䉴⁁ᘒ䇮Ⲣ૕⁁ᘒ䈪⹏ଔ䈚䈢䇯䉁䈢䇮 ャㅍ․ᕈ䈱⊒⃻䈱ᯏ᭴䉕⺞䈼䉎䈢䉄䈮㔚᳇ᛶ᛫₸䈱᷹ቯ䉅ታᣉ䈚䈢䋮䈘䉌䈮䇮⨙ၔᄢቇ㩷 ᄥ↰ᒄ㆏ᢎ᝼䈫ṁ Ⲣ㉄ൻ‛䈱ᾲવዉ₸䈱᷹ቯ↪䉶䊦䈱ᡷ⦟䉇䇮

AlGaN

න⚿᥏⭯⤑䈱ᾲ‛ᕈ⹏ଔ䉕ታᣉ䈚䈩䈇䉎䋮

㪍㪅㩷 ᳓⚛ㆶర㔓࿐᳇ਅ䈮䈍䈔䉎ṁⲢ㉄ൻ‛䈎䉌䈱࿕૕㋕䈱↢ᚑ䈍䉋䈶ῂಽ㈩㩷 㩷

⃻ⴕ䈱὇⚛䉕↪䈇䈢㋕ㆶరᴺ䋨㜞Ἱ䋩䈲὇⚛㘻๺䈪䈅䉎䈢䉄㉄⚛䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦䈏ૐ䈜䈑䇮 P 䉇 Si 䈭䈬䈱ਇ⚐‛ర⚛䉁䈪䉅䈏ㆶర䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯䈖䉏䈮ኻ䈚᳓⚛ㆶర䈪䈲㉄⚛䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞 䊦䉕㜞䈒೙ᓮน⢻䈪䇮ਇ⚐‛฽᦭㊂䈱ዋ䈭䈇㋕䉕↢ᚑ಴᧪䉎น⢻ᕈ䈏䈅䉎䇯὇⚛㘻๺㋕䈪 䈭䈇䈢䉄䈠䈱Ⲣὐ䈲㜞䈒࿕૕㋕䈏ᓧ䉌䉏䉎䈏䇮࿕૕㋕䈻䈱ਇ⚐‛ర⚛䈱ಽ㈩᜼േ䈲᣿⏕

䈪䈭䈇䇯䈠䈖䈪ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈪䈲ṁⲢ㉄ൻ‛䈎䉌䈱࿕૕㋕ᨆ಴ᤨ䈱 P, Mn 䈍䉋䈶 Si 䈱䊜䉺䊦-䉴䊤 䉫㑆ಽ㈩䉕᷹ቯ䈚䇮ਇ⚐‛䈱ዋ䈭䈇㋕䉕ᓧ䉌䉏䉎䉴䊤䉫⚵ᚑ䇮㉄⚛ಽ࿶䈭䈬䈱᧦ઙ䉕⺞ᩏ 䈜䉎䇯ṁⲢ䉴䊤䉫䈮㋕▗䉕ᶐẃ䈘䈞䇮ᐔⴧ䈮㆐䈜䉎䉁䈪଻ᜬᓟ䇮ข䉍಴䈚ᕆ಄䈚䇮㋕䈍䉋䈶䉴 䊤䉫䈱ᚑಽಽᨆ䉕ⴕ䈉䇯ᧄᐕ䈲ᾲಣℂἹ䈍䉋䈶㉄⚛ಽ࿶⺞ᢛ䇮᷹ቯ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱┙䈤਄䈕䉕 ⴕ䈇䇮ಽ㈩᷹ቯ䉕㐿ᆎ䈚䈢䇯

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䇼⎇ⓥᵴേႎ๔䇽㩷 㩷 ᯏ⢻⚛᧚䊒䊨䉶䉾䉲䊮䉫⎇ⓥಽ㊁

䋨2008䋮1䌾2008䋮12䋩㩷

ᢎ ᝼ 䋺 ᄢႦᐽᄦ

ഥ ᢎ㩷 㪑㩷 ဝౝ⋥ੱ䋬⩵࿾Პశ㩷 ᛛ ⴚ ⡯ ຬ㩷 㪑㩷 ᯅᧄ⵨ਯ㩷

ಎ ⡯ ຬ㩷 㪑㩷 Byambajav Enkhsaruul ቴຬ⎇ⓥຬ㩷 㪑㩷 ᄐ㩷 㔤ാ㩷

䊥䉰䊷䉼䊐䉢䊨䊷㩷 㪑㩷 Jaclyn Donald ᄢ ቇ 㒮 ↢㩷 㪑㩷 Ꮉፉᓃਯ䋬⧎ጟ㩷 ⵨㩷 ቇ ㇱ ቇ ↢㩷 㪑㩷 ጤᷨ⋥ᐘ䋬㜞ᯅ㓁੺㩷

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IEAߩ2007 World Energy Outlookߩ੍᷹ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘਎⇇ߩ৻ᰴࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ8ഀࠍභ߼ࠆ⍹ᴤ㧘⍹὇㧘 ᄤὼࠟࠬ߳ߩଐሽᐲߪ㧘ዋߥߊߣ߽2030ᐕ߹ߢߪ߶ߣࠎߤᄌࠊࠄߥ޿㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥಽ㊁ߢߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩൻ

⍹⾗Ḯߩ೑↪ല₸ߩะ਄ߎߘ߇㧘CO2ឃ಴㊂ߩ೥ᷫߦ⽸₂ߢ߈ࠆᦨༀߩᣇᴺߣ⠨߃㧘GTL (Gas To

Liquid)㧘ࡏ࠻ࡓ࡟ࠬ࡮࡝ࡈࠔࠗ࠽࡝࡯㧘ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦ㨯ࠦ࡯࡞࡮࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯ߩࡊࡠ࠮࠶ࠪࡦࠣࠍᡰ߃ࠆၮ

⋚ᛛⴚߩ⏕┙ߣᣂⷙ⸅ᇦߩ㐿⊒ࠍផㅴߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚2008ᐕߩਥߥ᭎ⷐߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ㧚 㩷

㪈㪅㩷 ⶄว⸅ᇦ䉕↪䈇䉎䊕䉾䊃䉮䊷䉪䈱䉧䉴ൻ㩷

ේᴤߩ㊀⾰ൻߦ઻޿㧘㜞ଔߥ᳓⚛߇ਇⷐߥᱷᴤߩࠦ࡯ࠠࡦࠣᴺߪߐࠄߦ᥉෸ߔࠆߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆߩߢ㧘

೽↢ߔࠆࠦ࡯ࠢߩ㜞ᐲ೑↪ߪ㧘ࡏ࠻ࡓ࡟ࠬ࡮࡝ࡈࠔࠗ࠽࡝࡯ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆ਄ߢᄢಾߥⷐ⚛ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ߘߎߢ㧘ࡍ࠶࠻ࠦ࡯ࠢࠍૐ᷷ߢല₸ࠃߊΆᢱࠟࠬ߿วᚑࠟࠬߦォ឵ߢ߈ࠆ⸅ᇦࠟࠬൻᴺߩ⎇ⓥߦข ࠅ⚵ߺ㧘K♽ੑᚑಽ⸅ᇦ߇㜞࿶ਅߩH2Oࠟࠬൻߢ⪺ߒ޿⋧ਸ਼ലᨐࠍ␜ߔߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㧚XPS߿ XRD╬ࠍ↪޿ߡߘߩᯏ᭴ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘ਥᚑಽߩK⸅ᇦߪ㕖Ᏹߦᓸ⚦ߥ⁁ᘒߢ૞↪ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎ ߩ৻ㇱߪ⴫㕙ߢࠦ࡯ࠢਛߩ⎫㤛߿ࡃ࠽ࠫ࠙ࡓߣⶄ㔀ߥൻว‛ࠍᒻᚑߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ㧚⃻࿷㧘

ࠞ࠽࠳࡮ࠕ࡞ࡃ࡯࠲↥ߩࠝࠗ࡞ࠨࡦ࠼↱᧪ߩࠦ࡯ࠢߦኻߔࠆᧄ⸅ᇦ♽ߩㆡ↪ᕈࠍ⺞ߴߡ޿ࠆ㧚 㩷

㪉㪅㩷 㜞ᕈ⢻ 㪞㪫㪣 ⸅ᇦ↪䊜䉸䊘䊷䊤䉴ᜂ૕䈱ഃ⵾㩷

ᄤὼࠟࠬ߿⍹὇ࠍේᢱߣߔࠆวᚑࠟࠬ㧔H2/CO㧕߆ࠄ⵾ㅧߐࠇࠆGTL㧔FTวᚑ㧕ࠝࠗ࡞ߪ㧘࠮࠲ࡦ ଔ߇㜞ߊ⎫㤛߿⧐㚅ᣖࠍోߊ฽߹ߥ޿ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠢ࡝࡯ࡦߥ࠺ࠖ࡯࠯࡞Άᢱߣߒߡᵈ⋡ࠍ㓸߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧚

ߎࠇ߹ߢ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩࠕࡕ࡞ࡈࠔࠬࠪ࡝ࠞߣߪ⇣ߥࠆࡕ࡟ࠠࡘ࡜࡯ࠪ࡯ࡉ࡮ࡔ࠰ࡐ࡯࡜ࠬࠪ࡝ࠞ㧔MMS㧕 ߇㧘Co⸅ᇦߩᜂ૕ߣߒߡఝࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⷗಴ߒ㧘⃻࿷㧘࿕૕㉄ᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟAl฽᦭MMSߩ㐿⊒ߦዷ 㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚Al/SiᲧߪ⇣ߥࠆ߇ห⒟ᐲߩ⚦ሹᓘಽᏓࠍᜬߟMMSߩวᚑߦᚑഞߒ㧘Al/SiᲧ߇ᄢ߈ߥᜂ

૕ߦᜂᜬߐࠇߚCo⸅ᇦ߇㧘㜞޿FTᵴᕈࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚߩߢ㧘࿕૕Al-NMR߿NH3-TPD ߢ㉄ᒝᐲࠍ⺞ߴ㧘H2ๆ⌕߿XPSߦࠃࠅCo⸅ᇦߩㆶరᕈ߿⴫㕙⁁ᘒࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚

㪊㪅 㜞᷷䉧䉴♖⵾↪䉝䊮䊝䊆䉝ಽ⸃⸅ᇦ䈱㐿⊒㩷

਎⇇ߩ✚⊒㔚㊂ߩ4ഀࠍභ߼ࠆ⍹὇Ἣജ߆ࠄឃ಴ߐࠇࠆCO2ࠍ೥ᷫߔࠆߚ߼㧘ᣣᧄߢߪ㧘⃻ⴕߩᓸ

☳὇Ἣജࠃࠅ⊒㔚ല₸ߩ⪺ߒߊ㜞޿ࠟࠬൻⶄว⊒㔚ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧔IGCC/IGFC㧕߇㐿⊒Ბ㓏ߦ޽ࠆ㧚 O2็߈ࠟࠬൻߣΆᢱ㔚ᳰ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ IGFC ߩⷐ⚛ᛛⴚߩ㜞᷷ࠟࠬ♖⵾ᴺࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ࠕ࡞

ࠞ࡝࿯㘃㊄ዻႮࠍ฽ᶐߒߚⶊ㋕㋶⸅ᇦߪ㧘㜞Ớᐲวᚑࠟࠬਛߩᢙජppmߩ NH3ࠍ߶߷ቢోߦಽ⸃ߒ㧘

὇⚛ᨆ಴߽ోߊ⿠ߎࠄߥ޿ߎߣࠍታ⸽ߒߚ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ࠞ࠽࠳࡮ࠝࡦ࠲࡝ࠝᎺߩᄢቇߣ౒หߢ㧘ࡃࠗࠝ

ࡑࠬࠟࠬൻⶄว⊒㔚ߩࠟࠬ♖⵾ߦขࠅ⚵ߺ㧘ࠞ࠽࠳↥ࡇ࡯࠻ߩൻቇ⊛⾮ᵴᴺߢ⵾ㅧߒߚ㜞⴫㕙Ⓧᵴᕈ

὇ߪ㧘㜞޿NH3ಽ⸃ᵴᕈࠍᜬߟFe⸅ᇦߩᜂ૕ߣߒߡ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 㩷

㪋㪅 ᰴ਎ઍဳ 㪠㪞㪚㪚 ↪䊅䊉䉮䊮䊘䉳䉾䊃䉧䉴ൻ⸅ᇦ䈱㐿⊒㩷

⃻࿷ㆇォਛߩIGCCߢߪ㧘1500°C೨ᓟߢ⍹὇ࠍࠟࠬൻߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘1000°Cએਅߩૐ᷷߇ታ⃻ߢ߈ࠇ

߫㧘ࠟࠬ࠲࡯ࡆࡦ߆ࠄߩΆ὾ឃᾲ߇೑↪ߢ߈ࠆߩߢ㧘⊒㔚ല₸ߪ㘧べ⊛ߦะ਄ߔࠆߣ⹜▚ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ߘߎߢ㧘࠽ࡁࠦࡦࡐࠫ࠶࠻⸅ᇦߩ㐿⊒ࠍㅴ߼ߡ߅ࠅ㧘ฝ

࿑ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘቟ଔߥේᢱࠃࠅⶊ὇ߣࠗࠝࡦ੤឵ߒߚ Ca/K ߣ Ca+K ⸅ᇦߪ㧘ᢙ%ߩૐᜂᜬ㊂ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘 750°Cߢ⋧ਸ਼૞↪ࠍ␜ߒ㧘85㨪90 %ߩ㜞޿ォൻ₸ࠍਈ߃ࠆ ߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚ㧚࠴ࡖ࡯⴫㕙ߩ⸅ᇦỚᐲ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎߣ ߇┙⸽ߐࠇߚߩߢ㧘ᣂⷙߥ⸅ᇦ♽߿ᵴᕈൻᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎ ߣߢ㧘ߐࠄߦૐ᷷ߢߩࠟࠬൻࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚

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㪌㪅 ᦭ᯏ⾗Ḯ೑↪ᤨ䈱䊊䊨䉭䊮䉬䊚䉴䊃䊥䊷䈱⸃᣿㩷 ᓸ☳὇Ά὾ߢߩ Hg ߩ᜼േ㧘㋕㋶⍹὾⚿߿ᑄ᫈‛὾ළߢ ߩ᦭ኂ᦭ᯏClൻว‛ߩ⊒↢ߦ㑐ߒ㧘ឃࠟࠬಣℂᤨߩᧂΆ὇

⚛ߣႮ⚛߇㑐ਈߔࠆਇဋ৻෻ᔕߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚

ᒰಽ㊁ߢߪ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢోߊ㘈ᘦߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿὇⚛ᵴᕈࠨࠗ࠻ߩᓎഀߦ⌕⋡ߒ㧘100㧙300°Cߦ߅ߌࠆ HCl߿㊄ዻߣߩ⋧੕૞↪ᯏ᭴ࠍ⺞ߴߡ޿ࠆ㧚ਅ࿑ߩ⚿ᨐ߿XPS᷹ቯߦࠃࠅ㧘HClߪ300°Cߢᵴᕈ὇㧔AC㧕

߿㊄ዻ࠼࡯ࡊ὇⚛㧔Ca/C㧘Cu/C㧘Zn/C㧕਄ߦๆ⌕ߒߡ㧘ߘߩᄢㇱಽߪਇᵴᕈࠟࠬਛߢ⣕㔌ߔࠆ৻ᣇ㧘

৻ㇱߪ὇⚛ߣᒝߊ⚿วߒߡ᦭ᯏႮ⚛⒳ࠍᒻᚑߒ㧘ߎߩഀวߪ㊄ዻሽ࿷ਅߢ὇⚛ᵴᕈࠨࠗ࠻ᢙ߇ᄙ޿߶

ߤᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ C-Cl ⚿ว߇㧘Hg න૕ߩ㉄ൻ߿Ⴎ⚛ൻࡌࡦ࠯ࡦߩ↢

ᚑߦᷓߊ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆߣផ⺰ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߐࠄߦಽሶ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓⓥ᣿ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ㧚 0

20 40 60 80 100

Char conversion, mass%

Catalyst component

K Ca/Kor Ca+K Ca

No catalyst Ca/K

Ca+K

0 20 40 60 80 100

Char conversion, mass%

Catalyst component

K Ca/Kor Ca+K Ca

No catalyst Ca/K

Ca+K

ⶊ὇ߩ⸅ᇦࠟࠬൻߦ߅ߌࠆ⋧ਸ਼ലᨐ

100 ppm HCl/N₂ Pure N₂

100 80 60 40 20 0

HCl concentration, ppm

Time on stream, min AC

Ca/AC

Zn/AC Cu/AC

AC Ca/AC

Zn/AC Cu/AC

(b)

(a) (c)

Temperature,㫦C 0 10 20 30 40 120 130 140 150 160 300 500 700 900

AC Ca/AC

Zn/AC Cu/AC

100 ppm HCl/N₂ Pure N₂

100 80 60 40 20 0

HCl concentration, ppm

Time on stream, min AC

Ca/AC

Zn/AC Cu/AC

AC Ca/AC

Zn/AC Cu/AC

(b)

(a) (c)

Temperature,㫦C 0 10 20 30 40 120 130 140 150 160 300 500 700 900

AC Ca/AC

Zn/AC Cu/AC

὇⚛‛⾰਄ߦᵹㅢߒߚHClߩỚᐲᄌൻ㧔a㧕ߣ⚐N2ਛߢߩቯ᷷㧔b㧕ߥࠄ߮ߦ᣹᷷ᤨ㧔c㧕ߩ⣕㔌᜼േ

䇼⎇ⓥᵴേႎ๔䇽㩷 㩷

ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠨࠗࠢ࡞⎇ⓥಽ㊁ (2008.1㨪2008.12㧕㩷

ᢎ ᝼㧦᧩ጊ ୃ

㩿㪉㪇㪇㪏㪅㩷 㪈㨪㪊㪀ޔ

᳓ፒ⚐৻㇢

㧔౗છ 㪉㪇㪇㪏㪅㩷 㪋㨪㧕

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ಎ ᢎ ᝼㧦૒⮮ୃᓆ㩷

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