ߦߟߡᬌᩏߒޔ1984ᐕߦߒߚႎ๔ ᦠ
㧖
ߩ൘๔ࠍฃߌߡታᣉߐࠇߚ⺞ᩏޕ EPAߦ߅ߌࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᵴ↪ߦᓇ㗀 ࠍਈ߃ࠆฦ⒳ᴺᐲ߮1981ᐕ㨪1986 ᐕߦታᣉߐࠇߚ15ઙߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍ
ࡆࡘߒޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩ⽸₂ߣ㒢⇇
ࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ
㧖Cost Benefit Analysis Can Be Useful in Assessing Environmental Regulations, Despite Limitations (GAO/RCED-84-62)"
EPAߢߪ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥὐߦ⽸₂ ߒߡ߈ߚߣߒߡࠆ㧦Ԙⷙ╷ቯߦ߅ߌࠆᜰ
㊎ޔԙᣂߒઍᦧ᩺ߩㅊടޔԚ⾌↪ኻലᨐ߇ ૐઍᦧ᩺ߩ㒰ᄖޔԛ↥ᬺ㑆ߩᏅ⇣ࠍ〯߹߃ ߚઍᦧ᩺ߩ⺞ᢛޔԜᗧᕁቯߩᡰេޕ৻ᣇޔ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦߪޔ৻⥸ߦᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ㗴ߦ ࠃࠅޔ㒢⇇߇↢ߓࠆ㧦Ԙ⚻ᷣಽᨆ৻⥸ߦ↱᧪
ߔࠆ㗴ޔԙᖱႎਇ⿷ߣಽᨆᛛⴚߩਇߦࠃ ࠆ㗴ޔԚಽᨆߦ߅ߌࠆ⺋ࠅ߿⋭⇛ߦࠃࠆ
㗴ޕ߹ߚޔಽᨆ⾌↪߽㜞㗵ߦߥࠆޕಽᨆޔኻ
⽎ߣߒߚRIAߩ߁ߜޔ⾌↪ᖱႎ߇ᱷߞߡࠆ 12ઙߩᐔဋಽᨆ⾌↪ߪ675ජ࠼࡞ߢߞߚޕ EPAߢߪޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㒢⇇߿⺖㗴ࠍ⼂ߒߥ ߇ࠄ߽ޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߪଢߥ࠷࡞ߢࠆ ߣߒߡᒁ߈⛯߈ᵴ↪ߒߡߊᣇ㊎ߢࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ
17 PPP
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
3 2009
FAA(2009)
’A Cost-Benefit Analysis for the Installation of Fire Suppression Systems in Cargo Compartments of Cargo Airplanes’
⽻ ‛ 㘧 ⴕ ᯏ ߦ ᶖ Ἣ ࠪ ࠬ
࠹ ࡓ ࠍ ᢛ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߩ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ
(R.G.W. Cherry &
Associates Limited ߳ߩ ᆔ⸤⺞ᩏ)
࿖ኅㅢోᆔຬળߪోߡߩ⽻‛㘧ⴕᯏ ߦᶖἫࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍᢛߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ൘๔ߒ ߡࠆޕ☨࿖ߩ⽻‛ᯏߩ᳢↪ᩰ⚊ᐶߢߪ
⸳⟎ߩ⟵ോઃߌߪߥޕFAAߢߪߎߩ൘ ๔ࠍ〯߹߃ޔ⽻‛ᯏ߳ߩᶖἫࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ ዉࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍታᣉ ߒߡࠆޕ
⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ⚿ ᨐ ߪ ᶖ Ἣ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߩ ⸳ ⟎ ߇
ല ߢ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᶖ Ἣ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ
⸳ ⟎ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ਸ਼ ോ ຬ ߩ ᱫ ߿ ㊀ ◊ ߥ ᕋ ᚒ ࠍ シ ᷫ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔ ⽻ ‛ ᯏ ߿ ⽻ ‛ ߳ ߩ ៊ ் ࠍ ૐ ਅ ߐ ߖ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔ ߩ ᑪ ‛
╬ ߳ ߩ ⵍ ኂ ࠍ シ ᷫ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߥ ߤ ࠍ ข ࠅ ߍ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ࡂ ࡠ ࡦ ဳ ᶖ Ἣ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߩ ⸳ ⟎ ߣ ㆇ ↪ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ߥ ߤ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪ ⛔
⸘ ⊛ ↢ ଔ ୯ 㧔VSL)ߩ ᔨ ࠍ ዉ ߒ ߡ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ
▚ߒߡࠆޕㆇャ⋭㧔DOT)ߪ5 ߟߩవⴕ⎇
ⓥߩ⚿ᨐࠍ2007 ᐕ୯ߦୃᱜߒޔߎࠇࠍᐔဋߒ ߚ 580 ਁ࠼࡞ࠍᱫߒߚ႐วߩଔ୯ߣߒߡࠟ
ࠗ ࠼ ࠗ ࡦ ൻ
18
ߒ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔFAA ߽ ߎ ߩ ୯ ࠍ
↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᬌ ⸛ ⚿ ᨐ ߪ ޔ ਸ਼ ോ ຬ ߣ ⽻ ‛ ᯏ ߥ ߤ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ଢ ⋉ ߇ ㊀ ⷐ ߥ ⷐ ⚛ ߣ ߥ ߞ ߚ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ႎ๔ߒߡࠆޕ
ԙ㒐ἴ
4 2008
DOT(2008)
’Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration (VII) Initiative Benefit-Cost Analysis’
〝ゞ⛔วࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ 㧔VII㧕ߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ
ゞ ਔ - ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ࠬ ࠻ ࠢ ࠴ ࡖ ߩ ⛔ ว 㧔VII㧕 ࠗ ࠾ ࠪ ࠕ ࠹ ࠖ ࡉ ߪ ޔ ゞ ਔ ߦ タ ߒߚㅢାᯏེߣ〝ߩறฃࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ ㅢ ߓ ߚ ࠼ ࠗ ࡃ ߳ ߩ ᖱ ႎ ⊒ ା ࠍ ㅢ ߓ ߡޔ㜞ㅦ〝ߩోᕈߣ࠻࠶ࡊ࠲ࠗࡓ ߩᄢߥᡷༀࠍ߽ߚࠄߔᣉ╷ߢࠆޕᧄ
⹏ଔᦠߪޔߎߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᛩ⾗ߣߘࠇߦ ࠃߞߡᓧࠄࠇࠆଢ⋉ࠍ▚ቯߒߡޔᛩ⾗ߩ ᗧᕁቯߩ್ᢿߦᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒ ߡࠆޕߥ߅ޔߎߩᣉ╷ߪㅪ㇌ᐭޔ
ᣇᐭޔ⥄േゞࡔࠞ╬ߩ᳃㑆ડᬺߦ ࠃࠆPPPߩᨒ⚵ߺߦࠃߞߡታᣉߐࠇࠆข
⚵ߢࠆޕ
ゞਔ - ࠗࡦࡈࠬ࠻ࠢ࠴ࡖߩ⛔ว㧔VII㧕ࠗ
࠾ ࠪ ࠕ ࠹ ࠖ ࡉ ዉ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ଢ ⋉ ߪ ޔ ߩ ᷫ ዋ ޔ ㅢ ⴕ ㊂ ߩ Ⴧ ᄢ ޔ ߘ ߩ ઁ ᳃ 㑆 ␠ ળ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߥࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠍ឵▚ߒޔ442ం࠼
࡞ ޕ ઁ ᣇ ޔ ⾌ ↪ ߪ ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ⾌ ↪ ޔ ゞ ਔ ߦ タ ߔ ࠆ ㅢ ା ᯏ ེ ޔ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߩ ࡔ ࡦ ࠹ ࠽ ࡦ ࠬ ⾌ ↪ ࠍߡ 273 ం࠼࡞ޔߔߥࠊߜ⚐ଢ⋉ߪ 169
ం ࠼ ࡞ ߢ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ᗵ ᐲ ಽ ᨆ ߦ ߅ ߡ ߽ ᗐቯߒߚ 8 ߟߩࠪ࠽ࠝߩߕࠇ߽ଢ⋉߇⾌
↪ ࠍ ࿁ ࠆ ⚿ ᨐ ߢ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߥ ߅ ޔ ㅢ ⴕ ㊂ Ⴧ ᄢ ߦࠃࠆᤨ㑆ଔ୯ߪᣇߢ 1 ੱᒰߚࠅᤨ㑆 11.2
࠼࡞ޔㇺᏒㇱߢห 15.6 ࠼࡞߇ㆡ↪ߐࠇޔ⛔⸘
⊛↢ଔ୯ߪ৻ੱᒰߚࠅ 580 ਁ࠼࡞ߢ⸘▚ߐ ࠇߡࠆޕ
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ ԙ㒐ἴ
18 DOT(2008) ‘Revised Departmental Guidance:Treatment of the Value of Preventing Fatalities and Injuries in Preparing Economic Analyses’
http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/policy_guidance/benefit_cost/media/Revised%20Value%20Of%20Life%20Guidance%20Feburary%202008.pdf
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
5 1992
FAA(1992)
’Estimating the Regional Economic Significance of Airports’
ޣ☨࿖㧞ޤ
ⓨ ᷼ ߇ ၞ ⚻ ᷣ ߦ ਈ ߃ ࠆ㊀ⷐᕈߩផ⸘
☨࿖ߪ⇇ߢ߽ᢙߩ⥶ⓨᄢ࿖ߢࠆޕ
ⓨ᷼ᢛߪㅪ㇌ᐭߢߪߥߊޔਥߦᣇ
࿅߇ᢛᚲ▤ߒߡ߅ࠅޔઁߩ
╷ߣߩኻᲧߢޔᑪ⸳߿ᡷༀߩᛩ⾗ߩᗧᕁ
ቯ߇ߥߐࠇࠆޕᧄࡐ࠻ߢߪⓨ᷼ᑪ
⸳ᡷༀߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⥸⊛ߥଢ⋉ߣߘߩ᷹
ቯᣇᴺߩࠟࠗ࠳ࡦࠬࠍ␜ߔߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣ ߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ㧔ᬺ╬ࠍኻ⽎ߦ⾌
↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߢߪߥ㧕ޕ
ᧄ ࡐ ࠻ ߢ ߪ ⓨ ᷼ ᑪ ⸳ ᡷ ༀ ߩ ല ᨐ ࠍ ⋥ ធ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ⚻ ᷣ ⊛ ࠗ ࡦ ࡄ ࠢ ࠻ ߦ ಽ ߌ ߡ ᢛ ℂ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⋥ ធ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ߁ ߜ ޔ ᤨ 㑆 ᷫ ଔ ୯ ߣ ⓨ ᷼
↪ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ᷫ ߪ ㊄ ㌛ ଔ ୯ ߦ ឵ ▚ น ⢻ ߥ ଢ
⋉ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ઁ ᣇ ޔ ో ߩ ੨ ฃ ޔ ᔟ ㆡ ߥ ⥶ ⓨ ࡀ
࠶ ࠻ ࡢ ࠢ ߩ ↪ ޔ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ ߩ ⊒ ዷ ╬ ߪ
㊄ ㌛ ଔ ୯ ߦ ឵ ▚ ߢ ߈ ߥ ଢ ⋉ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ߹ ߚ ⚻
ᷣ⊛ࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߪᰴߩ 3 ߟߦಽᢛℂߒߡ
ࠆ ޕ Ԙ ⋥ ធ ࠗ ࡦ ࡄ ࠢ ࠻ 㧦 ⓨ ᷼ ߢ ߩ 㓹 ↪ ޔ ᶖ
⾌ ᄢ ޔ ⓨ ᷼ ᑪ ⸳ 㐿 ⊒ ߦ ߁ ᛩ ⾗ ޔ ԙ 㑆 ធ
⊛ ࠗ ࡦ ࡄ ࠢ ࠻ 㧦 ᣏ ⴕ ળ ␠ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ࠨ ࡆ ࠬ ឭ ଏ ޔ ࡎ ࠹ ࡞ ޔ ࠬ ࠻ ࡦ ޔ 㑐 ㅪ ↥ ᬺ ╬ ߩ ⊒ ዷ ޔ Ԛ ⺃ ⊒ ല ᨐ 㧦 ⋥ ធ 㧒 㑆 ធ ࠗ ࡦ ࡄ ࠢ ࠻ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ㓹↪ޔᶖ⾌ߩᄢലᨐ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ
6 2008
FHWA(2008)
‘Freight Benefit/Cost Study: Phase III - Analysis of Regional Benefits of Highway- Freight Improvements’
ࡂ ࠗ ࠙ ࠚ ࠗ ⽻ ‛ ߩ ᡷ ༀ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ၞ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ಽ ᨆ
ࡂࠗ࠙ࠚࠗ⽻‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆၞࡌ࡞ߢߩ
ࠗࡦࡈᡷༀലᨐࠍޔᤨ㑆▵⚂ലᨐߣ
߁વ⛔⊛ߥ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍ߃ ߡ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
વ ⛔ ⊛ ߥ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߪ ޔ ‛ ᵹ ߩ ᡷ ༀ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ
↢ ↥ ᕈ ะ ല ᨐ ߩ ㊄ ㌛ ⊛ ଔ ୯ ࠍ ⺑ ߢ ߈ ߡ ߥ ޕ ᧄ ࡐ ࠻ ߢ ߪ ޔ Ԙ ⊒ ㅍ ㆇ ៝ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⋥ ធ ⊛ ߥ ⾌ ↪ ㅛ ᷫ ല ᨐ ޔ ԙ ‛ ᵹ ߩ ౣ ᭴ ▽ ല ᨐ ޔ Ԛ ㅊ ട ⊛ ߥ 㔛 ⷐ ߩ ⊒ ↢ ╬ ߩ ઃ ട ⊛ ߥ ല ᨐ ࠍ ⸘ ᷹ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ޔ ࡂ ࠗ ࠙ ࠛ ࠗ ⴕ ᡷ ༀ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ 㔛 ⷐ ߩ ᒢ ജ ᕈ ޔ ଔ ᩰ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ 㔛 ⷐ ߩ ᒢ ജ ᕈ ߩ ᷹ ቯ ࠍ ⹜ ߺ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧲ ㇱ ਛ ㇱ ㇱ ߩ ⶄ ᢙᐕߦࠊߚࠆ55࡞࠻ߩ⸘᷹⚿ᨐ߆ࠄޔⴕ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪ ޔ ࡂ ࠗ ࠙ ࠚ ࠗ ߩ ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ᡷ ༀ ߩ ⚻ ᷣ ଔ ୯ ߪ ޔ ၞ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ߽ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ߇ޔ߅ࠃߘ 13㨪17㧑ㆊዊផቯߐࠇߡࠆߎߣ ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
7 2008
FHWA(2008),
‘Cost/Benefit Analysis of Electronic License Plates’
㔚 ሶ ࠽ ࡦ ࡃ ࡊ ࠻ ߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ
⥄േ㔚ሶ࠽ࡦࡃࡊ࠻⸽ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
߮㔚ሶ⥄േゞ⊓㍳ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍዉߔࠆ ߎߣߦࠃࠅޔᴺၫⴕߩലᕈߩะޔ
㒾 ᴺ ߩ ၫ ⴕ ߩ ะ ޔ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ߩ ᢱ ㊄ ᓽ
ޔㅢⴕ㊂ߩࠃࠅᱜ⏕ߥ᷹ቯޔ㒐‽╬ߩ
ᐭ ᯏ 㑐 ߦ ߣ ߞ ߡ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ޔ ߘ ߩ ዉ
ታᣉߩ⾌↪ࠍ⸘᷹ߒߡࠆޕߎߩ⹏
ଔᦠߪࠕ࠱࠽Ꮊㆇャ⋭ߦ߅ߌࠆዉࠍ ೨ឭߦಽᨆᬌ⸛߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
⾌ ↪ ߪ ࠞ ࡔ ߣ ࠳ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߩ ഃ ⸳ ⾌
↪ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ᭴ ᚑ ߐ ࠇ ޔ ⥄ േ 㔚 ሶ ࠽ ࡦ ࡃ ࡊ
࠻⸽ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ 998 ਁ࠼࡞ޔ㔚ሶ⥄േゞ
⊓㍳ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ4960 ਁ࠼࡞ޕଢ⋉ߪㆇャ⋭ߩ
Ⴧ ട ߣ ↪ ⠪ ߳ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ᭴ ᚑ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ߩ ᢱ ㊄ ࠍ ⺖ ߔ ႐ ว ޔ ⋥ ធ ଢ
⋉ߪ 8ం 734 ਁ࠼࡞ޔ㑆ធଢ⋉㧔㆑ᴺ⊓㍳ゞ ਔߩᷫዋޔห㆑ᴺゞਔߩߩᷫዋ㧕ߪ26ం 3855 ਁ࠼࡞ߢޔ⸘ 34 ం 4589 ਁ࠼࡞ߢߞ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ⚿ ᨐ ߩ ઁ ޔ ห ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߪ ࡠ ࡦ ࠼ ࡦ ߢ ᚑ ᨐ ࠍ ߍ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߿ ޔ ዉ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ
␠ ળ ⊛ ߥ ኻ ߇ ߥ ߎ ߣ ╬ ߆ ࠄ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߪ ലߢࠆޔߣ್ᢿߐࠇߚޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ
8 2010
DOT(2010)
‘Limiting the Use of Wireless Communication Devices Regulatory Evaluation’
ࡢ ࠗ ࡗ ࠬ ㅢ ା ᯏ ེ ߩ
↪ 㒢 ⷙ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ
⹏ଔ
⥄ േ ゞ ㆇ ៝ ో ዪ 㧔FMCSA)ߢ ߪ Ꮊ Ⴚ ࠍ
߃ߚ༡ᬺゞਔߩㆇⴕߦ㓙ߒߡ࠼ࠗࡃ
߇៤Ꮺࡔ࡞ࠍ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍߓࠆ ᴺᡷᱜࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕߎࠇߦࠃߞߡᱫ்
ࠍᷫࠄߒޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ଔ୯ࠍోߔࠆߎ ߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕᧄႎ๔ᦠߪߎ߁ߒ ߚᴺᡷᱜߩലᨐࠍ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍ↪ߡ ᬌ⸽ߒߡࠆޕ
ㆡ ↪ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪ ᴺ ᡷ ᱜ ߇ ታ ᣉ ߐ ࠇ ߥ ႐ ว ߩ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ᴺ ᡷ ᱜ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ Ყ セ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ߩ ૐ ਅ ޔ Ά ᢱ ߩ ㅊ ട ᶖ ⾌ ޔ ⥄ േ ゞ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ࠦ ࠬ ࠻ ޔ Ꮊ ߇ ᡰ ᛄ ߁ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ኻ ⽎ ߣ ߒ ޔ ଢ ⋉ ߪ ᱫ
ᷫ ዋ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ߪ VSL ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⛔ ⸘ ⊛ ↢ ଔ ୯ 㧔600 ਁ࠼࡞㧕ࠍలߡߡࠆޕ⹏ଔᦼ㑆ߪ 10 ᐕ㑆ߢޔ␠ળ⊛ഀᒁ₸ߪ3㧑ߣ7㧑ߩ2ߟࠍ⸳
ቯ ߒ ޔ ⚐ ଢ ⋉ ߪ ೨ ⠪ ߢ 3700 ਁ ࠼ ࡞ ޔ ᓟ ⠪ ߢ 3100 ਁ࠼࡞ߣផ⸘ߒߡࠆޕᧄႎ๔ᦠߢߪᗵ ᐲಽᨆ߽ታᣉߒߡࠆޕ
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
9 2010
EPA(2010)
’The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act 1990 to 2010’
1990 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2010 ᐕ߹
ߢ ߩ ᄢ ᳇ ᵺ ൻ ᴺ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ߣଢ⋉
1990 ᐕߩᄢ᳇ᵺൻᴺ╙ 812 ᧦ߢߪEPA ߦኻߒߡหᴺߩⷙߦࠃࠆଢ⋉ߣ⾌↪ࠍ
▚ቯߒޔቯᦼ⊛ߦ⼏ળߦႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣࠍ
᳞ߡࠆޕߎߩࡐ࠻ߪᄢ᳇ᵺൻᴺ ߦࠃࠆ࿖᳃ߩஜᐽޔޔ↢ᘒ♽ߩᡷༀ
⁁ᴫߣ☨⚻ᷣ߳ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ␠ળ⊛ଢ⋉
ߣ⾌↪ࠍ▚ߒޔหᴺࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣࠍ
⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕߎߩႎ๔ߪᄢ᳇ᵺൻᴺ
Ꮣᓟ㧟࿁⋡ߩ߽ߩߢࠅޔ90ᐕએ㒠ߢ ߪ㧞࿁⋡ߦᒰߚࠆޕ
ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ࠦ ࡦ ࡊ ࠗ ࠕ ࡦ ࠬ ࠦ ࠬ
࠻ ߩ ߺ ࠍ ข ࠅ ߍ ޔ ᳪ ᨴ ‛ ⾰ ߩ ᷫ ㊂ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߊ න ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ㆡ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ᣇ ᴺ ߣ ޔ ᷫ ⋡ ᮡ ࠍ ㆐ ᚑ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߩ ᦨ ዊ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ᳞ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠍ ㆡ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ૬ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߢ ▚ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ৻ ᣇ ޔ ଢ ⋉ ߪ ห ᴺ ߩ ⷙ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߊ ᳪ ᨴ ‛ ⾰ ߩ ឃ
㊂ ࠍ ផ ⸘ ߒ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ߇ ࿖ ᳃ ߩ ஜ ᐽ ߿ ޔ ↢ ᘒ ♽ ߦ ਈ ߃ ࠆ ᓇ 㗀 ࠍ ផ ⸘ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ஜ ᐽ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ⸘ ▚ ߢ ⛔ ⸘ ⊛ ↢ ଔ ୯ ߩ ᔨ ߇
↪ߐࠇߡࠆޕVSLߪ2020ᐕߩᚲᓧ᳓Ḱࠍၮ Ḱߦߔࠆߣޔ890 ਁ࠼࡞ߢޔߎߩ୯ߪ26ߩవ ⴕ ⎇ ⓥ ߩ ⚿ ᨐ ࠍ ᐔ ဋ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߢ ▚ ߒ ߡ ࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ
10 2000
EPA(2000)
’Regulatory Impact Analysis: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements’
ޣ☨࿖㧟ޤ
ⷙ ᓇ 㗀 ಽ ᨆ 㧦 ᄢ ဳ ゞ ਔ ߩ ࠛ ࡦ ࠫ ࡦ ゞ ਔ ၮ Ḱ ޔ ߅ ࠃ ߮ ࡂ ࠗ ࠙ ࠚ ࠗ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ࠺ ࠖ ࡞ Ά ᢱ ߦ ߹ ࠇ ࠆ ⎫ 㤛 ᚑ ಽ ߩ▤ℂⷙ
ᄢဳゞਔߦኻߔࠆㅪ㇌ߩឃၮḰ߇ᡷᱜ ߐࠇޔ࠺ࠖ࡞Άᢱ߇⎫㤛ᚑಽ㊂ ߦ㒢߇⸳ߌࠄࠇࠆߥߤޔEPA ߪⷙᒝ ൻࠍㅴߡࠆޕߎ߁ߒߚᣂߚߦዉߒ ߚࡊࡠࠣࡓߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ಽ ᨆࠍታᣉߒޔߎࠇߦࠃߞߡታⴕน⢻ᕈ߿
⾌↪ല₸ᕈߥߤߩലᨐࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆޕ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߢߪޔ2030 ᐕ߹ߢߩലᨐߣߒߡ
☸ ሶ ⁁ ‛ ⾰ 㧔PM)ߩ ᷫ ዋ ߦ ߞ ߡ ޔ ᱫ ⠪ ޔ ᘟ ᕈ ᳇ ▤ ᡰ Ἳ ᖚ ⠪ ޔ ༎ ᕷ ᖚ ⠪ ߩ ᷫ ዋ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ↢
↥ ᕈ ߩ ะ ߿ ක ≮ ⾌ ߩ ᷫ ዋ ߥ ߤ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ߍ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ▚ ቯ ߢ ߪ ⛔ ⸘ ⊛ ↢ ଔ ୯ ߩ ᔨ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߚ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ⴕ ޔ ࠝ ࠱ ࡦ ߩ ᷫ ዋ ല ᨐ
߽ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ᤋ ߐ ߖ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ࠦ ࡦ ࡊ ࠗ ࠕ ࡦ ࠬ ࠦ ࠬ ࠻ ࠍ ⸘ ߒ ޔ ߎ ߩ ⚿ ᨐ ޔ ⚐ ଢ⋉ߪ1999ᐕߩ⽻ᐊଔ୯ߢ700ం࠼࡞ߣ▚
ߒߡࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
11 2005
DOD(2005)
‘Cost Benefit Analysis of Unique Identification’
න ৻ ⇟ ภ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ
2003ᐕߦ⊒ⴕߒߚ╷ࠬ࠻ߩਛߢන৻
⇟ภߦࠃࠆ▤ℂ╷ߣ⡯ຬ߇↪ߒߡ
ࠆຠߩ⹏ଔࠍ⋥ߔߎߣ߇ขࠅߍࠄ ࠇߡࠆޕߎߩߚޔ࿖㒐✚⋭ߢߪห⋭
ߦ⚊ߐࠇࠆ 5000 ࠼࡞એߩోߡߩ⺞
㆐‛ߦߟߡޔන৻⇟ภࠍ↪ߚ▤ℂࠍ ⴕ߁ߎߣߦߟߡߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍታᣉ ߒߡࠆޕ
න ৻ ⇟ ภ ▤ ℂ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ߩ ᷫ ല ᨐ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ⶄ ᢙ ߩ ᣢ ሽ ⎇ ⓥ ࠍ ข ࠅ ߍ ޔ ߘ ߩ ല ᨐ ࠍ ಽ ᨆߒߡࠆޕࡐ࠻ߢߪ2003ᐕߦATࠞ
࠾ ߇ ߒ ߚ ࡃ ࠦ ࠼ ▤ ℂ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ૐ
ᷫ ല ᨐ ߦ ߟ ߡ Ყ セ ⊛ ⚦ ߆ ߊ ⚫ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎࠇߦࠃࠆߣޔ⺞㆐‛ߩ▤ℂᤨ㑆ߥߤ߇5㧑⒟
ᐲᷫߢ߈ޔᐶ߇ 0.5㧑߆ࠄ㧝㧑ᷫߢ߈ࠆ ߣߒߡࠆޕㆇ៝⚻⾌ߦ߽1㧑ᒝߩᷫലᨐ߇
ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ␜ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ട ߃ ߡ ޔ න ৻ ⇟ ภ
▤ ℂ ࠍ ࿖ 㒐 ✚ ⋭ ⥄ ࠄ ታ ᣉ ߔ ࠆ ႐ ว ߣ ࠕ ࠙ ࠻ ࠰
ࠪ ࡦ ࠣ ߔ ࠆ ႐ ว ߢ ⾌ ↪ Ყ セ ࠍ ታ ᣉ ߒ ߡ ࠆޕߎߩ⾌↪Ყセߪ 3 ߟߩ▤ℂᣇᴺࠍขࠅ
ߍޔߐࠄߦߘࠇߙࠇߦߟߡ2 ߥߒߪ 5 ߟ ߩᣇᴺࠍឭ␜ߒߡޔోㇱߢ 9 ࠲ࠗࡊߩ▤ℂᣇ ᴺߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ߩ㆑ࠍᬌ⸽ߒߡࠆޕ
ԛ 㒐 ⴡ
⺞㆐
12 2002
NHWC(2002)
‘Use and Benefits of the National Weather Service River and Flood Forecasts’
࿖ ┙ ᷹ ᚲ 㧔NWS)ߩ ᴡ Ꮉ ᵩ ᳓ ੍ ႎ ߩ ↪ ߣ ଢ⋉
ᴡᎹᵩ᳓ࡊࡠࠣࡓࠍㅢߓߡ࿖┙᷹ᚲ 㧔NWS)ߢ ߪ ↢ ߣ ⽷ ↥ ࠍ ࠆ ߚ ߦ ᵩ
᳓ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼊ႎࠍᵹߒߡ߈ߚޕ⼊ᚓᤨ㑆 ߇චಽߦਈ߃ࠄࠇࠇ߫ޔߘࠇߛߌ⽷↥߳
ߩ៊ኂߪૐਅߔࠆߚޔᵩ᳓੍ႎߪ⚻ᷣ
⊛ଢ⋉ࠍ↢ߺߒߡࠆޕᧄႎ๔ᦠߪޔ 1997ᐕߦߒߚޡᵩ᳓੍ႎߩଢ⋉ޢߩ ᡷ⸓ ߢࠆ߇ޔ੍ႎ♖ᐲߩะ߇↢ߺ
ߔଢ⋉ߥߤޔᣂߚߥ࠺࠲ߦᦝᣂߒߡ
ࠆޕ
ᵩ ᳓ ੍ ႎ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ଢ ⋉ ߪ DAY(1966)ߩ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ ଐ ሽߒߡࠆޕߎߩ⎇ⓥߪ1966 ᐕߦ⊒ߐࠇߚ
߽ߩߢࠆ߇ޔㆊ50ᐕ㑆ߩᵩ᳓ⵍኂࠍಽᨆ ߒ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ផ ⸘ ᣇ ᴺ ߩ ၮ ᧄ ⊛ ⠨ ߃ ᣇ ߪ ᴡ Ꮉ ߩ ᷓ ߐ ߣ ᵩ ᳓ ߩ ⏕ ₸ ޔ ᵩ ᳓ ߩ ᳓ ㊂ ߣ ៊ ኂ 㗵 ߩ 㑐 ଥ ߆ ࠄ ⹏ ଔ ߔ ࠆ ᣇ ᴺ ߣ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᵩ ᳓ ߩ ⼊ ႎ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ߪ ⍴ ᦼ ੍ ႎ ߣ 㐳 ᦼ ੍ ႎ ߥ ߤ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ↢ ߺ ߐ ࠇ ޔ4.33 ం ࠼ ࡞ ޔ1.63
ం࠼࡞ߣផ⸘ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
ԙ㒐ἴ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
13 2003
DOI(2003)
‘Economic Analysis of Dam Decommissioning’
࠳ࡓᑄᱛߩ⚻ᷣಽᨆ વ⛔⊛ߦޔᴦ᳓ᬺߪ㒽ァᎿ㓌߿ౝോ
⋭㐿ᜏዪ߇ታᣉߒߡ߈ߚ߇ޔ㝼⒳ߩሽ
╬ޔⅣႺ߳ߩ㈩ᘦ߇߹ߔ߹ߔᔅⷐߦߥߞ ߡࠆߎߣ߿ޔ࠳ࡓߩ⠧ൻ߆ࠄ⛽ᜬ⾌
↪߇Ⴧടߒߡࠆߎߣޔ࠳ࡓߩోᕈ߇ ૐਅߒߡࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔ࠳ࡓߩᑄᱛ߇Ⴧ ߃ࠆะߦࠆޕᧄࡐ࠻ߪޔਥߣߒ ߡਛᄩᐭ㧔ౝോ⋭㧕ߩ┙႐߆ࠄޔ࠳ࡓ ᑄᱛߩଢ⋉ߣߘߩㅒലᨐߦߟߡޔቴⷰ
⊛ߥಽᨆᨒ⚵ߺࠍ␜ߔߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ
ࠆ(ታ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߡ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ታ ᣉߒߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ㧕ޕ
with ࠤࠬߣߒߡ࠳ࡓᑄᱛޔwithout ࠤࠬߣ ߒ ߡ ࠳ ࡓ ⛽ ᜬ ࠍ ⸳ ቯ ߒ ޔ ࠳ ࡓ ᑄ ᱛ ߦ ߁ ⻉ ଢ
⋉ ߣ ⻉ ⾌ ↪ ߩ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ ⸘ ᷹ ߩ ⠨ ߃ ᣇ ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ࠳ ࡓ ᑄ ᱛ ߩ ⚐ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ޔ 㒰 ⾌
↪ ޔ ᳹ ߺ ߍ ⾌ ↪ ޔ ᵩ ᳓ ▤ ℂ ࡌ ࡞ ߩ ૐ ਅ ޔ ၸ Ⓧ ‛ 㒰 ⾌ ↪ ޔ ߩ ቯ ߣ ࿁ ᓳ ⾌ ↪ ޔ ㄘ
ᬺ ജ ૐ ਅ ޔ ㅢ 〝 ⏕ ૐ ਅ ╬ ߇ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ৻ ᣇ ޔ ࠳ ࡓ ᑄ ᱛ ߩ ⚐ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ࠳ ࡓ ߩ ౣ ↢ ޔ ↢ ᘒ ♽ ߩ ࿁ ᓳ ޔ ㆇ ༡ ⛽ ᜬ ⾌ ߩ ▵ ᷫ ޔ
ᬺ Ṫ ᬺ ߩ ᡷ ༀ ޔ ࠢ ࠛ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ ߩ ᡷ ༀ ߩ
߶ ߆ ޔ 㕖 ↪ ଔ ୯ ߦ ᄢ ߈ ߥ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ߒ ߡ ࠆޕ
ԙ㒐ἴ ԚⅣႺ
࿑ ☨࿖ᣇᐭߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߅ࠃ߮⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩ⋙ኤ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆ⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
1 2010
Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M University(2010)
‘Valuing Public Sector Risk Exposure in Transportation
Public-Private Partnerships’
ㅢ ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ߩPPPߦ߅ߌ ࠆ ⊛ ࠢ ࠲
ߩ ࠬ ࠢ ⹏ ଔ
ㅢ ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ߩ ࡈ ࠔ ࠗ ࠽ ࡦ ࠬ ߿ ଏ⛎ᚻᴺߣߒߡ PPP ߇ᨐߚߔᓎ
ഀ ߪ ⇇ ⊛ ߦ ߽ ޔ ☨ ࿖ ౝ ߦ ߅ ߡ ߽ ㊀ ⷐ ߥ ᓎ ഀ ࠍ ᨐ ߚ ߒ ߡ ߈ ߡ
ࠆ ޕ ᧄ Ⓜ ߩ ⋡ ⊛ ߪ ޔ ࿖ ౝ ޔ ࿖ ᄖ ߩ ࠍ ෳ ⠨ ߦ ㅢ ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ᢛߩ PPP ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ߅ߌ ࠆ ㇱ 㐷 ߩ ࠬ ࠢ ࠦ ࠬ ࠻ ࠍ ⹏ ଔ ߔ ࠆ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ 㐿 ⊒ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦ ࠆޕ
ᶏ ᄖ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ࠦ ࡠ ࡦ ࡆ ࠕ ߿ ධ ࠕ ࡈ
ࠞ ޔ ࠝ ࠬ ࠻ ࠕ ߩ ࡆ ࠢ ࠻ ࠕ Ꮊ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔ ☨ ࿖ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ߪ ࠹ ࠠ ࠨ
ࠬ Ꮊ ߩ ࠨ ࡓ ࠗ ࡃ ࡦ ޔ ࠗ ࡦ ࠺ ࠖ ࠕ ࠽ ᢱ 〝 ޔ ࠪ ࠞ ࠧ ࠬ ࠞ ࠗ ࠙ ࠚ
ࠗ ߥ ߤ ࠍ ߦ ߒ ߡ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߇ ㇱ 㐷 ߩ ࠬ ࠢ ࠍ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ᛒ ߞ ߡ ߈ ߚ ߆ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߐ ࠄ ߦ ⊒ ௌ
ോ ߥ ߤ ߩ ଔ ᩰ ⹏ ଔ ߩ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ ߟ ߡ ⎇
ⓥ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ․ ߦ ☨ ࿖ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ
ࠬ ࠢ ࠦ ࠬ ࠻ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ࠤ ࠬ ࠬ ࠲ ࠺ ࠖ
߽ⴕߞߡࠆޕ
⊛ ㇱ 㐷 ߩ ࠬ ࠢ ⹏ ଔ ᚻ ᴺ ߩ ᬌ ⸛ ࠍ 〯߹ ߃ 3 ߟ ߩ
൘๔ࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ1ߟ
ߪㅢࠗࡦࡈߩ PPP ࡊ ࡠ ࠫ ࠚ ࠢ ࠻ ߦ ߅ ߡ VfM ߩ ᔨ ߦ ┙ ⣉ ߔ ߴ ߈ ߢ ࠆߎߣޔ2ߟߪ⸵ኈߒᓧ ࠆ ࠬ ࠢ ࠍ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߩ ࡞ ࡞ ߿ ㆡ ᩰ ၮ Ḱ ࠍ ቯ
⟵ߔߴ߈ߢࠆߎߣޔ3ߟ
ߪ PPP ߦኻߔࠆ⊛ㇱ 㐷 ߩ ࠬ ࠢ ࠍ ᄙ ᭽ ൻ ߒ ߚ ࠅ ޔ ฃ ߌ ࠇ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ࠨ ࡐ ࠻ ߔ ࠆ ࠬ ࠢ ▤ ℂ ߩ
⚵ ߺ ࠍ ዉ ߔ ࠆ ᅷ ᒰ ᕈ
߿ ᔅ ⷐ ᕈ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ߴ ߈ ߢ
ࠆߎߣޔߢࠆޕ
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ ԝPPP
2 2009
Marcel P. Huijser et.al.(Montana State
University)(2009)
‘Cost–Benefit
Analyses of Mitigation
Measures Aimed at Reducing Collisions with Large Ungulates in the United States and Canada: a Decision Support Tool’
☨ ࿖ ࠞ ࠽ ࠳ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᄢ ဳ
か േ ‛ ߣ ߩ ⴣ ⓭ ᷫ ዋ ࠍ ⋡
⊛ ߣ ߒ ߚ ✭
╷ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ 㧦 ᗧ ᕁ ቯᡰេ࠷࡞
㣮 ߿ ࠛ ࡞ ࠢ ߥ ߤ ߩ ᄢ ဳ ߩ ㊁ ↢ േ
‛ ߣ ⥄ േ ゞ ߩ ⴣ ⓭ ߪ ☨ ࿖ ߿ ࠞ ࠽
࠳ ߢ ᄙ ߊ ⊒ ↢ ߒ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ ߒ ߆ ߽ ߎ ߩ ᢙ ᐕ ߪ ะ ߦ ࠆ ޕ ⴣ
⓭ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ▚
ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߢ ޔ ㊁ ↢ േ ‛ ߩ ⼔ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ߆ ࠄ ⴣ ⓭ ࠍ ᷫ ߔ ࠆ
✭ ኻ ╷ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߩ ᗧ ᕁ
ቯ ࠷ ࡞ ࠍ 㐿 ⊒ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ᧄ
⎇ⓥߪ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߪ ޔ 㣮 ޔ ࠛ ࡞ ࠢ ޔ ࡓ
ࠬ ߩ 㧟 ⒳ 㘃 ߩ ㊁ ↢ േ ‛ ࠍ ኻ ⽎ ߦ ޔ ⥄
േ ゞ ߩ ୃ ℂ ⾌ ↪ ߿ ޔ ੱ ⊛ ߥ ⽶ ் ߿ ᱫ
ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ࠦ ࠬ ࠻ ޔ ᱫ ߒ ߚ േ ‛ ߩ
⻉ ⾌ ↪ ߥ ߤ ࠍ ⸘ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ৻ ᣇ ߢ ⴣ ⓭ ߩ ✭ ኻ ╷ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޔ ᮸ ᧁ ߩ 㒰
ޔ ࡈ ࠚ ࡦ ࠬ ߩ ⸳ ⟎ ޔ ࠻ ࡦ ࡀ ࡞ ߩ ⸳
⟎ ߥ ߤ 13 ઙ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߘ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ᬌ
⸛ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ⎇ ⓥ ߢ ߪ ޔ ☨ ࿖ ߿
ࠞ ࠽ ࠳ ߩ 〝 ޔ ߐ ࠄ ߦ ߪ ߘ ߩ 〝 ߩ
㑆 ࠍ ․ ቯ ߒ ߡ ⴣ ⓭ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ▚
ߒ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠍ ✭ ኻ ╷ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ߣ Ყ セ ಽᨆࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ
㧙 ԚⅣႺ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆ⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
3 2004
The Reclamation Board of the State of
California(2004)
‘Hamilton City Flood Damage Reduction and Ecosystem
Restoration, California
Final Feasibility Report and Environmental
Impact
Statement/Enviro nmental Impact Report’
ࡂ ࡒ ࡞ ࠻ ࡦ Ꮢ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᵩ ᳓ ⵍ ኂ シ ᷫ ߣ ࠛ
ࠦ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߩ
࿁ ᓳ 㧦 ࡈ ࠖ
ࠫ ࡆ ࠹ ࠖ
ࡐ ࠻ ߅ ࠃ
߮ Ⅳ Ⴚ ᓇ 㗀 ࡐ࠻
㒽 ァ Ꮏ 㓌 ࠨ ࠢ ࡔ ࡦ ࠻ ᡰ ㇱ ߣ
ࠞ ࡈ ࠜ ࡞ ࠾ ࠕ Ꮊ 㐿 ᜏ ᆔ ຬ ળ ߪ
ห ߢ ࠨ ࠢ ࡔ ࡦ ࠻ Ꮉ ᵹ ၞ ߩ ࡂ ࡒ ࡞ ࠻ ࡦ Ꮢ ߦ ߅ ߡ ᵩ ᳓ ኻ ╷ ߣ
Ⅳ Ⴚ ో ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߒ ߚ ࡊ ࡠ ࠫ ࠚ
ࠢ ࠻ ࠍ ⸘ ↹ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ਔ ⠪ ߪ ࡊ ࡠ ࠫ ࠚ ࠢ ࠻ ߩ ታ น ⢻ ᕈ ߣ Ⅳ Ⴚ
߳ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߚ ᦨ ⚳ ႎ ๔ ࠍ ข ࠅ ߹ ߣ ߡ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ߎ ߩ ਛ ߢ ᵩ ᳓ ኻ ╷ ߩ ታ ᣉ ࠛ ࠕ ߣ ߒ ߡ ⶄ ᢙ ၞ ࠍ ߒ ޔ ߎ ߩ ⶄ ᢙ ᩺ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߦ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ⴕߞߡࠆޕ
⚻ ᷣ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ᬌ ⸛ ኻ ⽎ ߪ 3 ߟ ߩ ࠛ ࠕޔ11 ߩ࠱ࡦߦಽഀߐࠇޔߐࠄߦ ዬ ߣ ㄘ ࠍ ಽ ߌ ߡ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᵩ ᳓ ⵍ ኂ ߩ ផ ቯ ߪ Moser(1997) ߩ ࠬ ࠢ ࠕ ࡊ ࡠ ࠴ ߩ ⠨ ߃ ᣇ ࠍ ዉ ߒ ߚ ޕ ዬ ߣ ㄘ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ᵩ ᳓ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ᳓ ᷓ Ფ ߦ ⵍ ኂ ⁁ ᴫ ߇ ⸳ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ޔ ࠱ ࡦ Ფ ߦ ࡊ ࡠ ࠫ ࠚ ࠢ ࠻ ߇ ታ ᣉ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ႐ ว ߣ ߐ ࠇ ߥ ႐ ว ߩ ⵍ ኂ ▚ ቯ ߇ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߐ ࠄ ߦ ᵩ ᳓ ⷙ ᮨ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㆑ ߥ ߤ ߽ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ޔ ᒰ ࡊ ࡠ ࠫ ࠚ ࠢ ࠻ ߩ ⸘ ↹ ౝ ኈ ߿ ⷙ ᮨ ࠍ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߩ ᬌ ⸛ ᧚ ᢱ ࠍ ឭ ଏ ߒ ߡ ࠆޕ
㧙
ԙ㒐ἴ ԚⅣႺ
4 2009
Texas Department of Transportation (2009)
’Interstate
Highway 35 Lacy-Lakeview, Texas to West, Texas
Application for Funds under the Transportation Investments Generating Economic Recovery Program’
Ꮊ 㑆 㜞 ㅦ 〝 35ภ✢ߩᡷୃ
Ꮏ
ࠗࡦ࠲ࠬ࠹ࠗ࠻㜞ㅦ〝35ภ
✢ ߪ ࠳ ࠬ ߆ ࠄ Ꮊ ㇺ ࠝ ࠬ ࠴ ࡦ ޔ ࠨ ࡦ ࠕ ࡦ ࠻ ࠾ ࠝ ࠍ ㅢ ࠅ ޔ ࡔ
ࠠ ࠪ ࠦ ߳ ߣ ᛮ ߌ ߡ ߊ ࡞ ࠻ ࠍ ᒻ ᚑ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᓥ ߞ ߡ NAFTA ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ‛ ᵹ ߩ ਛ ᔃ ࠍ ᜂ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ࠹ ࠠ ࠨ ࠬ Ꮊ ㅢ ዪ ߢ ߪ ߎ ߩ ᐙ ✢ 〝 ߩ ᡷ ୃ ߣ ㆇ ↪ ᣇ ᴺ ߩ ᡷ ༀ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߦ ㆇ ャ ⋭ ߩ TIGER ഥ ㊄ ߳ ߩ ↳ ⺧ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߚ
ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ࠍ ᚑ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ
࿁ ߩ ഥ ᬺ ߩ ߪ ࠳ ࠬ ߆ ࠄ ධ ߦ ਅ ߞ ߚ ࠙ ࠛ ࠬ ࠻ ߆ ࠄ ࠗ
ࠪࠢࡆࡘ߹ߢߩ⚂20ࠠ ࡠߢࠆޕ
35 ภ✢ߩ⸘↹ߢߪㅪ㇌ⅣႺ╷ᴺߩ ㆡ ↪ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ࠆ ߚ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ࠍ ട ߃ ߡ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߇ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ
⋥ ធ ⚻ ᷣ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ߒ ߡ 㓹 ↪ ⠪ ᢙ ߩ Ⴧ ട ߦ ߁ ⚻ ᷣ ല ᨐ ࠍ ข ࠅ ߍ ޔ 㑆 ធ ⚻
ᷣ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ߪ ⋥ ធ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ᵄ ല ᨐ ࠍ ㅊ ട ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ↪ ⠪ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ᤨ 㑆 ଔ ୯ ߩ Ⴧ ട ಽ ߣ ㆇ ↪ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ޔ ㅢ ߩ ᷫ ዋ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ଢ ⋉ ߇ ⸘ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ㅢ ߩ ᷫ ዋ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ଢ⋉ߢߪ VSL ߇↪ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ1
ᒰߚࠅߩᱫߦߪ 372 ਁ࠼࡞ޔ
⽶ ் ߦ ߪ 14 ਁ ࠼ ࡞ ߢ ▚ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ␠ ળ ⊛ ഀ ᒁ ₸ ߪ 㧣 㧑 ߣ 㧟 㧑 ߇ ណ
↪ ߐ ࠇ ޔ ೨ ⠪ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ Ყ ₸ ߪ 2.677ޔ ᓟ ⠪ ߪ 5.477 ߣ ⹜ ▚ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ߎ ߩ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ ൻ ᳓ ⚛
߿ NOxޔ৻㉄ൻ⚛ߩ⽻ᐊଔ୯ߦߟ
㧙
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆ⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
5 2005
New Mexico Department of Transportation (2010)
‘Road Lifecycle Innovative
Financing’
〝 ߩ ࠗ ࡈ ࠨ ࠗ ࠢ ࡞ ᡷ ୃ
⾗㊄
US550ภ✢ߪ1999ᐕ߆ࠄ2ࡩᐕ ࠍដߌߡ2㧞ゞ✢߆ࠄਛᄩಽ㔌Ꮺ ࠍ⸳⟎ߒߚ 4 ゞ✢߳ߣᡷୃߐࠇ ߚ ޕ ߎ ߩ ᡷ ୃ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ߒ ߡ
⒖ േ ᤨ 㑆 ߩ ᷫ ߿ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ߩ
ో ᕈ ߩ ᡷ ༀ ޔ ർ ㇱ ࠾ ࡘ ࡔ ࠠ ࠪ
ࠦ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⚻ ᷣ 㐿 ⊒ ߩ ଦ ㅴ ߇ ߍ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ᦼ ᓙ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ല ᨐ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ⹏ ଔ ࠍ ታ ᣉ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕUS550 ภ ✢ ߪ ᡷ ୃ ࠍ ⺧ ߌ ⽶ ߞ ߚ ડ ᬺ ߇ 〝 ߩ ᭴ ㅧ ߿ ⥩ ⵝ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ⸽ ߔ ࠆ ৻ ᣇ ߢ ߘ ߩ ⛽ ᜬ
▤ ℂ ࠍ ⺧ ߌ ⽶ ߣ ߁ ޔ ࠆ ⒳ ߩ PPP ࠍ ዉ ߒ ߚ ᄾ ⚂ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ 㕟 ᣂ ⊛ ߥ ᄾ ⚂ ߦ ߟ
ߡ߽⹏ଔࠍട߃ߡࠆޕ
ᧄ ᡷ ୃ ᬺ ߪ ਛ ᄩ ᐭ ߇ ⽶ ᜂ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߚ ޔNM Ꮊ ߪ ਥ ߦଢ ⋉ߩ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ਛ ᔃ ߦ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⹏ ଔ ߪ ᄢ ߈ ߊ 3 ߟ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ߆ ࠄ ታ ᣉ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߹ ߕᦨೋߦPPP ࠍዉߒߚᄾ⚂ࠬ࠲ࠗ
࡞ ߦ ߟ ߡ ⹏ ଔ ࠍ ⴕ ޔ ᰴ ߦ 〝 ᡷ
ୃ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ࠄ ߆ ߦ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ߒ ߡޔർㇱ NMߦኻߔࠆ⚻ᷣലᨐࠍข ࠅߍߡࠆޕPPP ߩ ᄾ⚂ ߦߟߡ ߪਛᄩᐭߩPPP ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⹏
ଔ ࠍ ᒁ ↪ ߒ ߡ ቯ ᕈ ⊛ ߥ ಽ ᨆ ߇ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ޔ 〝 ᡷ ୃ ߩ ല ᨐ ߪ ᤨ 㑆 ⍴ ❗ ല ᨐ
߿ 〝 ߩ ో ᕈ ޔ ㅢ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⾌
↪ ߥ ߤ ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⚻ ᷣ ല ᨐ ߪ ਥ ߦ 㓹 ↪ ⠪ ᢙ ߩ ᄌ ൻ ߣ ༡ ᬺ ゞ ਔ ߩ ᄌ
േ ࠍ ਛ ᔃ ߦ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ޔ ⚿ ᨐ ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߚ ᡷ ୃ ᓟ ߩ ታ ❣ ୯ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ ㅢ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ᡷ ୃ ೨ ߩ ᐕ 㑆 ᐔ ဋ ઙ ᢙ ߇ 85ઙ߆ࠄ116ઙߦߒߚ߇ޔㅢ
㊂ ߩ Ⴧ ട ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ₸ ߪ ૐ ਅ ߒ ߚ ߣߞߚ⚿⺰ࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ
㧙
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆ⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
6 2005
Tennessee
Department of Transportation (2002)
‘Task 8:
Evaluation of Rail Infrastructure Proposals Basic Freight Rail Connection
Tennessee Rail System Plan’
࠹ ࡀ ࠪ Ꮊ ㋕
⸘ ↹ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⽻ ‛ ㋕ ⚿
▵ὐߩ⹏ଔ
࠹ ࡀ ࠪ ㅢዪ ߢ ߪ 2003 ᐕ 10
ߦ ࠹ ࡀ ࠪ ㋕ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ⸘ ↹ ࠍ ╷ ቯ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ⸘ ↹ ߢ
⟎ ઃ ߌ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ࡊ ࡠ ࠫ ࠚ ࠢ ࠻ ߪ ߘ ߩ ╷ ቯ ㆊ ⒟ ߢ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ
೨ߦߐࠇߚ12ߩႎ๔ᦠߩ
╙ 8 ⇟ ⋡ ߇ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ࠆ ޕ Task 8 ߣ ߒ ߡ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߩ ⋡ ⊛ ߪ ⹏ ଔ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ឭ ␜ ߒ ߡ ࠆ Task㧣 ߩ ౝኈ ߦ ᓥ ߞ ߡ ឭ ᩺ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ⸘ ↹ ߩ ⹏ ଔ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߢࠆޕᧄႎ๔ᦠߢߪ 3 ߟߩࡊ ࡠ ࠫ ࠚ ࠢ ࠻ ࠍ ข ࠅ ߍ ޔ ⾌ ↪ ଢ
⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⹏ ଔ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠆޕߎߎߢขࠅߍߚ 3 ߟߩࠤ
ࠬߣ ߪ"Basic Freight Rail Connection: East-West Rail Connection"ޔ"Planning Horizon Scenario for Multi-state East-West Rail Connection"ޔ"Evaluation of Rail Infrastructure: Memphis Rail Bypass"ߢޔTask 8 ߪޘߦᬌ⸛
ߐࠇߚ 3 ߟߩ⹏ଔࠍ⛔วߒߡ
ࠆޕ
3 ߟ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ߁ ߜ ޔ ߃ ߫
"Basic Freight Rail Connection: East-West Rail Connection"ࠍขࠅߍࠆߣ ᬌ ⸛ ౝ ኈ ߪ ᰴ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ⸘ ↹ ߪ ࠹ ࡀ ࠪ Ꮊ ߩ ᧲ ߢ ᢛ ߐࠇߡࠆ 2 ߟߩ〝✢ࠍធ⛯ߔࠆࡊ ࡠ ࠫ ࠚ ࠢ ࠻ ߢ ࠆ ޕAlgood ߆ ࠄ Oliver Springߦ⥋ࠆ⚂50ࡑࠗ࡞ࠍᣂ ߚ ߦ ⚿ ߱ ߎ ߣ ߢ Memphis ߆ ࠄ Ꮊ ㇺ Nashville ࠍ⚻↱ߒߡ Knoxville ߦ⥋
ࠆ 〝 ✢ ߇ ᒻ ᚑ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ⸘ ↹ ߪ ᧲
ߩ ャ ㅍ ⢻ ജ ࠍ ᡷ ༀ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦ ട ߃ ޔ ᄢ ᳇ 㕙 ߆ ࠄ ߩ Ⅳ Ⴚ ᡷ ༀ ߿ ㅢ ャ ㅍ ߩ ᄙ ᭽ ᕈ ࠍ ᄢ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦ ነ ਈ ߔ ࠆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߎ ߢ ណ ↪ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ャ ㅍ ⾌ ↪ ߩ ૐ ਅ ޔ ㋕ ↪ ߦ ߁ ㆇ ༡ ⾌ ↪ ߩ
▵ ⚂ ಽ ޔ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ߩ ⛽ ᜬ ▤ ℂ ⾌ ߩ ૐ ਅ ಽ ޔ ㅢ ᷫ ዋ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ␠ ળ ⊛
⋉ ޔ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ߩ ᷙ 㔀 ⾌ ↪ ߩ ૐ ਅ ޔ Ꮊ ߩ ᣂ ߚ ߥ ࠍ ߍ ޔ ⾌ ↪ ߦ ⾗ ᧄ ࠦ
ࠬ ࠻ ߣ ㆇ ↪ ⾌ ↪ ޔ ⛽ ᜬ ▤ ℂ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ߍ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ࠍ 30 ᐕ 㑆 Ⓧ ߽ ࠅޔ5.5㧑ߩ␠ળ⊛ഀᒁ₸ࠍㆡ↪ߒߡ
⚐ ଢ ⋉ ߥ ࠄ ߮ ߦ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ Ყ ࠍ ᳞ ߡ
ࠆޕ
㧙
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆ⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
7 2003
Arizona
Department of Transportation (2003)
‘Route Transfer and Level of Development Study’
〝 ✢ ⒖ ▤ ߣ
〝⒳ߩᬌ⸛
ࠕ ࠱ ࠽ Ꮊ ߩ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߦ ߪ ᧂ ᢛ ߩ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ߥ ߤ ࠕ
࠱ ࠽ Ꮊ ߩ ㅢ ࡀ ࠶ ࠻ ࡢ ࠢ ࠍ ว ℂ ⊛ ߦ ᯏ ⢻ ߐ ߖ ߡ ߊ ߢ ᄢ ߈ ߥ 㗴 ߣ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ 〝 ✢ ߇ ሽ ߒ ߡ ߈ ߚ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ 〝 ✢ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ߪ Ꮢ ↸ ╬ ߳ ߩ ⒖ ▤ ߿ ᑄ ᱛ ߣ
ߞ ߚ ភ ⟎ ߇ ቯ ᦼ ⊛ ߦ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ߈ ߚ ߇ ޔ ߘ ߩ ታ ߪ 㕖 Ᏹ ߦ ࠁ ߞ ߊ ࠅ ߢ ࠅ ޔ ታ ߒ ߥ ߣ ᔨ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ႐ ว ߽ ᄙ ޕ1990 ᐕ ߩ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ⸘ ↹ ߩ ․ ᓽ ߪ 〝 ✢
⒖▤ߢࠅޔ90 ᐕઍᓟඨߦߥࠆ ߣ ޔ ㅢ ᆔ ຬ ળ ߇ ߎ ߩ 㗴 ࠍ ข ࠅ ߍ ޔ ᑄ ᱛ 〝 ✢ ߩ ߣ ߥ ࠆ ᧂ ᢛ ߩ 〝 ✢ ߩ ࠬ ࠻ ߩ ឭ ࠍ ⷐ᳞ߒߡ ࠆ ޕ1999 ᐕߦታ ᣉߐ ࠇ ߚ ᬌ ⸛ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ⒖ ▤ 〝 ✢ ߿ ᑄ ᱛ 〝 ✢ ߩ ࠍ ․ ቯ ߒ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ᚻ ⛯ ߈ ࠍ ⏕ ߦ ߒ ߡ ࠆޕ2000 ᐕߦ ߪߐࠄߦ 〝 ⒳
ߩ ౣ ⹏ ଔ ߽ ᆎ ߹ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ᬌ ⸛ ߪ ච ಽ ߥ ⚿ ⺰ ࠍ ዉ ߡ ߥ ޕ ᧄ Ⓜ ߪ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ታ ᘒ ࠍ 〯 ߹ ߃ ో ߡ ߩ ⸘ ↹ 〝 ✢ ߦ ߟ ߡ 〝 ⒳ ߩ ౣ ⹏ ଔ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߎ ߣ ޔ ㅢ ዪ ߥ ࠄ ߮ ߦ ㅢ ᆔ ຬ ળ ߇ 〝 ✢ ⒖ ▤ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ 㓙 ߩ ၮ Ḱ ࠍ ឭ ᩺ ߒ ߡ ᣂ ߚ ߥ 〝 ╷ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ൘ ๔ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߎ ߣ ޔ 〝 ✢ ⒖ ▤ ߩ ࠍ ࠬ ࠻ ൻ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡
⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ߩ 〝 ✢ ߩ ⒖ ▤ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ᚻ ⛯ ߈ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߘ ߩ ឭ ᩺ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߣ ߣ ߽ ߦ ޔ 〝 ✢ ⒖ ▤ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߽ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ߒ ߡ ⒖ ▤ ߒ ߥ ႐ ว ߩ Ꮊ ߇ ⽶ ᜂ ߔ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ల ߡ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ߦ ߪ ⛽ ᜬ ▤ ℂ ⾌ ↪ ߦ ޔ 〝 㕙 ߩ
ୃ ❲ ⾌ ߥ ߤ ࠍ ട ߃ ޔ ߐ ࠄ ߦ ࠬ ࠢ ࡊ
ࡒ ࠕ ࡓ ࠍ ਸ਼ ߖ ߒ ߚ ߽ ߩ ࠍ 20 ᐕ 㑆 ߢ ว ▚ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ৻ ᣇ ޔ ⒖ ▤ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ⒖ ▤ ߔ ࠆ ೨ ߦ Ꮊ ߇ ⴕ ߁ 〝 㕙
߿ ᣉ ⸳ ߩ ୃ ⾌ ࠍ ⸘ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߦ 㧡 㧑 ߩ ␠ ળ ⊛ ഀ ᒁ ₸ ߢ ᱜ ߒ ߚ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ Ყ セ ߔ ࠆ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ข ߞ ߡࠆޕ
⺞ ᩏ ᆔ ⸤ వ ߇ ㅢ ዪ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ਥ ⷐ ߥ ឭ ᩺ ߣ ߒ ߡ 3 ߟ ࠍ ߍ ߡ ࠆ ޕ1 ߟ ߪ ޔ ᆔ ຬ ળ ߇ ᣂ ߚ ߦ ␜ ߒ ߡ ࠆ 〝 ✢ ߩ ⋥ ߒ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ᣇ ㊎ ࠍ ㅢ ዪ ߇ ฃ ߌ
ࠇ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔ2 ߟ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޔ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ␜ ߒ ߡ ࠆ 〝 ✢ ⒖ ▤ ࠬ ࠻ ࠍ ฃ ߌ
ࠇ ࠆ ߣ ߣ ߽ߦ 2 ᐕ Ფ ߦ ߎ ߩ ࠬ ࠻ ࠍ ⋥ ߔ ߎ ߣ ޔ ᣂ ߚ ߥ ᣇ ㊎ ߿ ࠬ ࠻ ࠍ ㅢ ዪ ߇ ฃ ߌ ࠇ ࠆ ೨ ߦ ో ߡ ߩ ࠞ ࠙ ࡦ ࠹ ࠖ ߿ Ꮢ ߥ ߤ ߦ ߎ ߩ ឭ ᩺ ࠍ ㅍ ઃ ߔ ࠆߎߣࠍឭ᩺ߒߡࠆޕ
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆ⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
8 2009
Town of Buckeye (2009)
‘Miller Road Economic
Development Corridor’
ࡒ 〝 ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⚻ ᷣ 㐿
⊒ ߩ ߚ ߩ ㅢ࡞࠻
ࠕ ࠱ ࠽ Ꮊ ࡃ ࠶ ࠞ ࠗ ↸ ߩ ࡒ ㅢ ࠅ ߢ ߪ ޔ ⥄ ォ ゞ ࡦ ߩ ᢛ
߿ ᱠ ߩ ⸳ ⟎ ޔ ⴝ 〝 ᾖ ޔ ࡦ
࠼ ࠬ ࠤ ࡊ ߩ ᢛ ߥ ߤ ߇ ⸘ ↹ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ㆇ ᴡ ߣ Ꮕ ߔ ࠆ▎ᚲߢߪ 7 ゞ✢߳ߣᯅࠍᡷ⦟
ߔ ࠆ ⸘ ↹ ߽ ឭ ᩺ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ⸘ ↹ ߩ ታ ߦ 㓙 ߒ ߡ ↸ ߢ ߪㆇャ⋭ߩTIGERഥ㊄ࠍ↳⺧
ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ᒰ ഥ ㊄ ߩ ↳ ⺧ ߩ ߚ ߦᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
ഥ ㊄ ߩ ↳ ⺧ ߩ ߚ ߦ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߇ ታ ᣉ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ ߘ ߩ ⷐ ߪ એ ਅ ߩ ߣ ߅ ࠅ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ߪ ㆇ ャ ᬺ ߿ ዬ ⠪ ߩ ᷦ ṛ ⸃ ᶖ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ଢ ⋉ ޔ ㄝ
ᬺ ᣉ ⸳ ߩ ᄁ ᄢ ല ᨐ ߥ ߤ ߇ ⸘ ߐ ࠇ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߦ ዞ ᬺ ⠪ ߩ ⾓ ㊄ ല ᨐ ࠍ ട ߃ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ᬺ
⾌ ߦ ട ߃ ޔ ⥄ േ ゞ ߩ ឃ ࠟ ࠬ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ஜ ᐽ ⵍ ኂ ߩ ⾌ ↪ 20 ᐕ ಽ ߣ ➅ ᑧ ᬺ (deferred project costs)ߩ5ᐕಽ߇⸘
ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ஜ ᐽ ⵍ ኂ ߪ 20 ᐕ 㑆 ߩ 㐳 ᦼ ߦ ࠊ ߚ ࠆ ߚ ߎ ࠇ ߦ ߪ 5㧑 ߩ ␠ ળ⊛ഀᒁ₸߇⸳ቯߐࠇߡࠆޕ
㧙
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ
9 2008
California Energy Commission (2008)
‘Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Self-Generation Incentive Program’
ޣ☨࿖㧠ޤ
⥄ ኅ ⊒ 㔚 ᝄ ⥝ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߩ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ (TIAX LLC߳ ߩᆔ⸤⺞ᩏ)
ࠞ ࡈ ࠜ ࡞ ࠾ ࠕ ⋉ ᬺ ᆔ ຬ ળ ߢ ߪ ಽ ᢔ ⊛ ߥ ⊒ 㔚 ⸳ ߩ ዉ ߽
㔚 ജ 㔛 ⷐ ࠍ ᛥ ߔ ࠆ ᣇ ╷ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ߚ ޕ ⥄ ኅ ⊒ 㔚 ᝄ ⥝ ࡊ ࡠࠣࡓߪޔ5MW ᧂḩߩ⊒㔚⢻
ജ ࠍ ⢒ ᚑ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߒ ߡ
ࠆޕ2007ᐕᧃ߹ߢߦ1200ઙߩ ᜰ ቯ ߇ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ 300MW ࠍ ଏ ⛎ ߒ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ ࠦ ࠫ ࠚ ࡀ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ
ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߣ ᄥ 㓁 శ ⊒ 㔚 ߦ ߶ ߷ ᱜ
⏕ߦੑಽߐ ࠇ ߡࠆޕ2001 ᐕ߆ ࠄ2004 ᐕ߹ߢߦߎߩᬺߦߪᐕ ᐔဋ 1.25 ం࠼࡞߇ᛩߓࠄࠇߡ߅ ࠅޔ⼏ળߪ2012 ᐕ㧝߆ࠄߐࠄ ߥ ࠆ ᒛ ࠍ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ৻ ᣇ ߢ ޔ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ ᆔ ຬ ળ ߦ ⥄ ኅ ⊒ 㔚 ᝄ ⥝ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ࠍ ⹏ ଔ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⷐ
⺧ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ߎ ߩ ⷐ
⺧ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߈ ⥄ ኅ ⊒ 㔚 ᝄ ⥝ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ
ࡓ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ⚿ ᨐ ࠍ ߹ ߣߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
ᬺ ⹏ ଔ ߪ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߣ ࡑ ࠢ ࡠ ⚻ ᷣ ޔ ㅍ 㔚
✢ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ߩ 㧟 ߟ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ߦ ߟ ߡ ታ ᣉ ߐ ࠇ ޔ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ᄤ ὼ ࠟ ࠬ ߩ ⊒ 㔚 ࡊ ࡦ ࠻ ߣ Ყ セ ߒ ߚ ႐ ว ߩ ⥄ ኅ ⊒ 㔚 ߩ ല ᨐ ࠍ ޔ ᄢ ᳇ ᳪ ᨴ ‛ ⾰ ߣ ᷷ ቶ ല ᨐ ࠟ ࠬ ߩ ឃ ㊂ ߢ Ყ セ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⾌
↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߪ2002ᐕ߆ࠄ2006ᐕߦ ࡀ ࠶ ࠻ ࡢ ࠢ ൻ ߐ ࠇ ߚ 1062 ઙ ࠍ ኻ
⽎ ߦ 30 ᐕ 㑆 ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ᦼ 㑆 ߣ ߒ ߚ ޕ ᄥ 㓁శ⊒㔚߿㘑ജ⊒㔚ߥߤ 6 ⒳㘃ߩ⊒
㔚ᣉ⸳߇ኻ⽎ߢࠆޕ 㧙 ԚⅣႺ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆ⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
10 2010
California Public Utilities
Commission (2010)
‘Electric Energy Storage: An Assessment of Potential Barriers and
Opportunities’
㔚 ᳇ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ
ߩ⫾㔚ⵝ
⟎ 㧦 ẜ ⊛ ߥ
⺖ 㗴 ߣ ല ᨐ ߦ ኻߔࠆ⹏ଔ
ࠞ ࡈ ࠜ ࡞ ࠾ ࠕ Ꮊ ߪ ో ☨ ߢ ߽ ᾲ ᔃ ߦ Ⅳ Ⴚ ╷ ߦ ข ࠅ ⚵ ࠎ ߢ ࠆ ޕ Ꮊ ᴺ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ 㔚 ജ ଏ ⛎ ߩ 20㧑 ࠍ ౣ ↢ น ⢻ ߥ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ ߦ ଐ ሽ ߔ ࠆ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ᡷ ᱜ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ౣ ↢ น ⢻ ߥ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ ߩ ↢
↥ ߪ ᢿ ⛯ ⊛ ߦ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ࠆ ߚ ޔ ା 㗬 ᕈ ࠍ ⏕ ߔ ࠆ ߦ ߪ ⫾ 㔚 ᛛ ⴚ ߩ ะ ߇ ਇ น ᰳ ߥ ߽ ߩ ߣ ߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߩ ⋡ ⊛ ߪ ࠞ ࡈ ࠜ
࡞ ࠾ ࠕ Ꮊ ߩ 㔚 ജ ଏ ⛎ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߦ ߅ ߡ ⫾ 㔚 ᛛ ⴚ ࠍ 㐿 ⊒ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߩ ല ᨐ ߣ ߘ ߩ ⺖ 㗴 ࠍ ࠄ ߆ ߦ ߔ ࠆߎߣߢࠆޕ
ౕ ⊛ ߦ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ㆡ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ߚ
ߩ ೨ ឭ ᧦ ઙ ࠍ ᢛ ℂ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⫾ 㔚 ᛛ ⴚ ߩ ቯ ⟵ ߿ ▸ ࿐ ࠍ ․ ቯ ߒ ߚ ߢ ⫾ 㔚 ᛛ ⴚ ߩ ᐢ ▸ ߥ ⾌ ↪ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ⸘ ߔ ߴ ߈ ⾌ ↪ ߩ ᝒ ߃ ᣇ ࠍ ⼏ ⺰ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߐ ࠄ ߦ ଢ ⋉ ߢ ߪ ⚻ ᷣ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ㆇ ↪ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ಽ ߌ ߡ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⚻ ᷣ ⊛ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ޔ ⫾ 㔚 ᛛ ⴚ ߇ ࠝ ࡈ ࡇ
ࠢ 㔚 ജ ߦ ࠪ ࡈ ࠻ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ น ⢻ ߦ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ 㔚 ᳇ ᢱ ㊄ ߩ ▵ ⚂ ല ᨐ ߿ ޔ ⫾ 㔚 ᯏ ߆ ࠄ Ꮢ ႐ ߦ 㔚 ജ ࠍ ଏ
⛎ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߢ ᓧ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ⋉ ߥ ߤ 㧠 㗄
⋡ ࠍ ߍ ޔ ㆇ ↪ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ߢ ߪ 㔚 ജ ଏ
⛎ ߩ ⾰ ⊛ ߥ ᡷ ༀ ޔ ା 㗬 ᕈ ߇ ࠆ ࠢ
ࡦ ߥ ࡃ ࠶ ࠢ ࠕ ࠶ ࡊ 㔚 Ḯ ߣ ߞ ߚ 㧤 ߟ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ࠍ ข ࠅ ߍ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ⫾ 㔚 ᛛ ⴚ ߩ ㊀ ⷐ ᕈ ࠍ ਥߦቯᕈ⊛ߦ⼏⺰ߒߡࠆޕ
ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ ⫾ 㔚 ᛛ ⴚ ߩ 㐿
⊒ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ਥ ߥ ൘ ๔ ߣ ߒ ߡ 㧣 㗄 ⋡ ࠍ ߍ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ߩ ਥ ߥ ߽ ߩ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ޔ
ࠞ ࡈ ࠜ ࡞ ࠾ ࠕ ⋉ ᬺ ᆔ ຬ ળ ߪ ޔ ᱜ ᑼ ߥ 㐿 ⊒ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ࠍ ࠄ ߆ ߦ ߔ ࠆ ೨ ߦ ⫾ 㔚 ᛛ ⴚ 㐿 ⊒ ߩ ߚ ᦨ ⦟ ߩ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ߚ
ߩ ࠪ ࡦ ࡐ ࠫ ࠙ ࡓ ࠍ 㐿 ߔ ߴ ߈ ߢ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔ ห ᆔ
ຬ ળ ߪ ⫾ 㔚 ᛛ ⴚ ߩ 㐿 ⊒ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ 㓚 ኂ ࠍ ข ࠅ 㒰 ߊ ߚ
൮ ⊛ ߥ ╷ ࠍ ᢛ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߥ ߤ ࠍ ߍ ߡ ࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ
11 2008
California Air Resources Board and California Bureau of Automotive
Repair (2008)
‘Evaluation of Remote Sensing for Improving California’s Smog Check Program’
㆙ 㓒 ᬌ ⍮ ⵝ ⟎ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ࠞ ࡈ
ࠜ ࡞ ࠾ ࠕ ߩ ឃ
ࠟ ࠬ ⹏ ଔ ࡊ ࡠ
ࡓ ߩ ᡷ ༀ ല ᨐ
(Eastern Research Group, Inc.߳ ߩᆔ⸤⺞ᩏ)
2000ᐕ 8ߦឃࠟࠬ⹏ଔࡊࡠࠣ
ࡓ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ⹏ ଔ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ޔ ห ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߇ ឃ ࠟ ࠬ ߩ ᷫ ߦ ነ ਈ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ߟ ߟ ߽ Ꮊ ߩ ታ ᣉ ⸘ ↹ ߩ ⋡ ᮡ ୯ ߦ ㆐ ߒ ߡ ߥ ߎ ߣ ߆ ࠄ ߊ ߟ ߆ ߩ ൘ ๔ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ޕ Ꮊ ߩ ᄢ ᳇ ⾗ Ḯ ᆔ ຬ ળ ߣ
⥄ േ ゞ ୃ ℂ ዪ ߪ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ൘ ๔ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ࠇ ޔ ࡄ ࠗ ࡠ ࠶ ࠻ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߣ ߒ ߡ ㆙ 㓒 ᬌ ⍮ ⵝ ⟎ ࠍ ዉ ߒ ߚ ข ⚵ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ߎ ߩ ᣂ ߚ ߥ ข ⚵ ࠍ ⾌ ↪ ല ᨐ ಽ ᨆ ߥ ߤ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ⹏ ଔ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
⾌ ↪ ല ᨐ ಽ ᨆ ߪ ޔ ㆙ 㓒 ᬌ ⍮ ⵝ ⟎ ߇ ឃ
ࠟ ࠬ ߩ ⷙ ୯ ࠍ ࿁ ࠆ ゞ ਔ ࠍ ല ₸ ⊛ ߦ ߒ ᓧ ࠆ ߆ ޔ ߐ ࠄ ߦ ߎ ߩ ⵝ ⟎ ࠍ ዉ ߒ ߚ ข ✦ ࠅ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ਇ ㆡ ᩰ ゞ ਔ ࠍ ᷫ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߢ ข ✦ ࠅ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ല ₸
⊛ ߦ ૐ ᷫ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ߆ ࠍ ᬌ ⸽ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪ ޔ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ߒ ߡ ㆙ 㓒 ᬌ ⍮ ⵝ ⟎ ߦ ଥ ࠊ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ޔ ࠝ ࡈ ࠖ ࠬ ߩ ᓥ ᬺ ⠪ ߣ ߘ ߩ ⛽ ᜬ ⾌ ޔ ᑄ ᫈ ⥄ േ ゞ ߩ ⚻ ⾌ ޔ ⥄
േ ゞ ߩ ୃ ℂ ⾌ ↪ ߥ ߤ ࠍ ኻ ⽎ ߣ ߒ ޔ ଢ
⋉ߦߪൻ᳓⚛߿NOx╬ߩᷫዋ㊂ࠍ 㧞 ᐕ ಽ ߢ ▚ ߒ ޔ ᷫ ㊂ 㧝 ࠻ ࡦ ᒰ ߚ ࠅ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⸥ ߩ ⺖ 㗴 ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ޔ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ࠍ ▤ ℂ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ߇ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ߃ ߡࠆߣ⚿⺰ઃߌߡࠆޕ
㧙 ԚⅣႺ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆ⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
12 2009
Florida
Department of Transportation (2009)
‘Economic
Impacts of Florida's
Transportation Investments: A Macroeconomic Analysis’
ޣ☨࿖㧡ޤ
ࡈ ࡠ ࠳ Ꮊ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ㅢ ߳ ߩ ᛩ ⾗ ߩ ⚻ ᷣ
⊛ࠗࡦࡄࠢ
࠻ 㧦 ࡑ ࠢ ࡠ ⚻
ᷣಽᨆ
ࡈࡠ࠳Ꮊㅢዪߢߪ2008ᐕᐲ ߆ࠄ2012ᐕᐲ߹ߢߩ㧡ᐕ㑆ߦࡢ
ࠢ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߣ ߒ ߡ 㜞 ㅦ 〝
߿ ޔ ⓨ ᷼ ޔ ㋕ ޔ ᷼ ḧ ߥ ߤ ㅢ
ࠗࡦࡈߦ ኻ ߒߡ 255 ం࠼ ࡞ࠍ ᛩ ⾗ ߒ ޔ ⛽ ᜬ ▤ ℂ ߥ ߤ ઁ ߩ ⚻ ⾌ ࠍࠆߣ 371 ం࠼࡞ࠍ ᡰ ߔ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ㅢ ዪ ߩ ࡢ ࠢ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߩ ല ᨐ ࠍ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࡑ ࠢ ࡠ ⊛ ߦ ⹏ ଔ ߔ ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߪ ޔ ࡢ ࠢ ࡊ ࡠ
ࠣ ࡓ ࠍ ㅢ ߒ ߚ ᡰ ✚ 㗵 ࠍ ⾌ ↪ ߦ ల ߡ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ߪ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ߥ ߤ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ㅢ ൕ ߿ ࠫ ࡖ ߥ ߤ ߩ ⒖ േ ࠍ
ੱ ߩ ࠻ ࠶ ࡊ ߆ ࠄ ⊒ ↢ ߔ ࠆ ↪
⠪ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ޔ ੱ ᚲ ᓧ ߩ Ⴧ ട ಽ ࠍ ട ߃ ߚ ߽ ߩ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ᬌ ⸛ ᦼ㑆ࠍ2009ᐕ߆ࠄ2038ᐕ߹ߢߩ30 ᐕ 㑆 ߣ ߒ ޔ ␠ ળ ⊛ ഀ ᒁ ₸ ߪ Ꮊ ߩ ࠟ ࠗ
࠼ࠗࡦ୯ࠍ↪ߒޔ2008 ᐕᤨὐߩ ଔ ᩰ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ↪ ⠪ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ 797 ం࠼࡞ޔᚲᓧߩჇടಽ߇ 595 ం
࠼ ࡞ ߢ ޔ ࡢ ࠢ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ᡰ
ߩଔ୯ߪ 283 ం࠼࡞ߣផ⸘ߒ ߚ⚿ᨐޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉Ყߪ4.92ߣߥߞߚ ߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ
㧙
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ
13 1995
State of New York(1995)
‘Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bridges and Tunnels’
ㇺᏒㅢዪ 㧔MTA㧕ߩᯅ ߣ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞
ㇺᏒㅢዪ㧔MTA㧕ߪ NY Ꮢߦ
ࠆᢱߩ7 ߟߩᯅߣ 2 ߟߩ࠻
ࡦ ࡀ ࡞ ࠍ ▤ ℂ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ߦ ߪ Ᏹ ൕ⡯ ຬ 764 ฬ ޔ㕖 Ᏹൕ 365 ฬ ߩ ࠬ ࠲ ࠶ ࡈ ߇ ᒰ ߚ ߞ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ
ᤨ㑆ᄖᚻᒰ870 ਁ࠼࡞4400
ਁ ࠼ ࡞ ߇ ⛎ ਈ ߣ ߒ ߡ ᡰ ᛄ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ
ࠆޕ1994 ᐕ ߩోㅢ㊂ ߪ ᐕ㑆 2.6 ంบߢ ࠅޔ7.3 ం࠼ ࡞ߩᢱ
㊄߇ࠅޔ1.7 ం࠼࡞ߩ⾌↪
߇ ដ ߆ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ޔ ห ዪ ߩ ⡯ ຬ ߩ ㈩ ⟎ ⸘ ↹ ߥ ߤ ߇ ታ ᘒ ߣ ᢛ ว ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߆ ޔ ⡯ ຬ ⛎ ਈ ߇ ㆡ ಾ ߦ ⸘ ▚ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ߆ ࠍ ᬌ
⸽ ߒ ޔETC ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ೨ ឭ ᧦ ઙ ߇ ㆡ ಾ ߦ ⸳ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ߆ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߒ ߡ
ࠆޕ
ᬌ ⸽ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ એ ਅ ߩ ὐ ߇ ࠄ ߆ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߚ ޕ ߹ ߕ ޔ ᯅ ߣ ࠻ ࡦ ࡀ ࡞ ߩ ▤ ℂ ߦ ߅ ߡ ㇺ Ꮢ ㅢ ዪ ߩ ⡯ ຬ ㈩ ⟎ ߿ ࠬ ࠤ
ࠫ ࡘ ࡞ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ᑼ ߩ ⸘ ↹ ߣ ታ ᘒ ߇ ᢛ ว ߒ ߡ ߥ ߎ ߣ ޔ ᤨ 㑆 ᄖ ⛎ ਈ ߩ ⸘ ▚ ߥ ߤ ߇ ㆡ ಾ ߦ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ߥ ߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ߹ߚETCߩ
⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߦ ߅ ߡ ߽ ㆡ ಾ ߥ ቯ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߡ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ࠊ ߌ ߢ ߪ ߥ
ߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߢߪߣࠅࠊߌETCߩ⸳
⟎ ⾌ ↪ ߇ ⸘ ▚ ࠍ ᡷ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߮ ߦ ᕆ Ⴧ ߒߡ߅ࠅޔ1999 ᐕ߹ߢߦᯅߣ࠻ࡦࡀ
࡞ ࠍ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߆ ࠄ ᓧ ࠄ ࠇ ࠆ ⚥ Ⓧ ଢ⋉߇ETCߩ⾌↪ࠍਅ࿁ࠆߎߣ߇ᗐ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ޕ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߦ ߟ ߡ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ 㗴 ࠍ ᜰ ៰ ߒ ߡ ࠆޕ
NYᎺ⋙ኤ✚⋙ߪㇺᏒㅢ ዪ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ޔ ᯅ ߣ ࠻ ࡦ ࡀ
࡞ Ფ ߦ ㅢ ㊂ ߣ ⡯ ຬ ߩ ࡌ ࡞ ࠍ ⚦ ߦ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߡ ㆡ
ಾ ߥ ⡯ ຬ ㈩ ⟎ ၮ Ḱ ࠍ ⸳ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔ ߘ ߒ ߡ ߎ ߩ ၮ Ḱ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߡ ⡯ ຬ ࠍ ㈩ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ൘ ๔ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߐ ࠄ ߦ ⛎ ਈ ⸘ ▚ ᚻ ⛯ ߈ ࠍ ᱜ ߒ ߽ ߩ ߦ ᡷ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ᳞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ⾌
↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ETC ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߩ ㆇ ↪ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ ㆡ ಾ ߦ ▚ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ
᳞ߡࠆޕ
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆ⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
14 2003
California State(2003)
‘The Costs and Financial Benefits
of Green Buildings’
Ⅳ Ⴚ ߦ ߿ ߐ ߒ
ᑪ ‛ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ߣ⚻ᷣ⊛ଢ⋉
ޟ ✛ ߩ ޠ ࠆ ߪ ޟ ᜬ ⛯ น ⢻ ߥ ޠ ᑪ ▽ ߪ ㅢ Ᏹ ߩ ᑪ ‛ ࠃ ࠅ ࠛ ࡀ
࡞ ࠡ ߿ ᳓ ޔ ᑪ ▽ ⾗ ᧚ ޔ ࠍ ല ₸ ⊛ ߦ ↪ ߢ ߈ ࠆ ޕ ⥄ ὼ శ ߿ ߈ ࠇ ߥ ⓨ ᳇ ࠍ ข ࠅ ࠇ ߚ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߪ ஜ ᐽ ⊛ ߥ ᬺ ോ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߿ ീ ቇ Ⅳ Ⴚ ࠍ ឭ ଏ ߔ ࠆ ޕ ⛽ ᜬ ⾌ ߇ ૐ ਅ ߒ ޔ
ࡦ ࠾ ࡦ ࠣ ࠦ ࠬ ࠻ ߽ ᛥ ߢ ߈ ࠇ
߫ ޔ ⒢ ㊄ ߩ ▵ ⚂ ߦ ߽ ߟ ߥ ߇ ࠆ ޕ ਛ ᄩ ᐭ ߦ ߅ ߡ ߽ ߎ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ข ⚵ ࠍ ᒝ ൻ ߒ ߡ ߈ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔ ᧄ Ⓜ ߪ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ὐ ࠍ 〯 ߹ ߃ ޟ ✛ ߩ ޠ
ࠆ ߪ ޟ ᜬ ⛯ น ⢻ ߥ ޠ ᑪ ▽ ࠍ Ꮊ ߩ ᑪ ‛ ߦ ዉ ߔ ࠆ 㓙 ߩ ᛩ ⾗ ല ᨐ ࠍ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ᬌ ⸛ ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
ޟ ✛ ߩ ޠ ࠆ ߪ ޟ ᜬ ⛯ น ⢻ ߥ ޠ ᑪ
▽࠺ࠩࠗࡦߪ LEED ߣ߫ࠇࠆၮḰ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߈ 㧠 㘃 ဳ ⸳ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߦ ߟ ߡ ᣢ ሽ ᑪ ▽ ߆ ࠄ ᑪ ⸳ ⾌
↪ ࠍ ▚ ቯ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߐ ࠄ ߦ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ
ߩ ↪ ㊂ ߿ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ ↪ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ CO2ߥ ߤ ߩ ឃ ㊂ ޔ ᳓ ߩ ▵ ⚂ ޔ ߏ ߺ ߩ ᷫ ㊂ ޔ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ߩ ะ ߥ ߤ ߦ ߟ ߡ ข ࠅ ߍ ߡ ᬌ ⸽ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߘ ࠇ ߙ ࠇ ߩ ⷰ ὐ ߆ ࠄ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ޔ20 ᐕ 㑆 ߩ ᦼ 㑆 ߢ 㧡 㧑 ߩ ␠ ળ ⊛ ഀ ᒁ ₸ ࠍ
⸳ ቯ ߒ ߡ ⚐ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ᳞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ࠄߩᬌ⸛ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔGold ߿Platinum ߣ ߞ ߚ 㜞 ᑪ ▽ ᕈ ⢻ ࠍ ㆬ ᛯ ߔ ࠆ ߣ 㧝ᐔᣇࡈࠖ࠻ᒰߚࠅ 67.31 ࠼࡞ߩ
⚐ ଢ ⋉ ߇ ⊒ ↢ ߒ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠃ ࠅ ૐ ᑪ ▽ ᕈ ⢻ ࠍ ㆬ ᛯ ߒ ߡ ߽ ߘ ߩ ⚐ ଢ ⋉ ߇ 48.87 ࠼ ࡞ ߦ ߥ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ᜰ ៰ ߒ ߡ ࠆޕ
㧙
Ԙ␠ળ
⾗ᧄ ԚⅣႺ
ޣ☨࿖㧝ޤEPAߦ߅ߌࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᵴ↪ 1981ᐕ㨪1986ᐕ
EPA’s Use of Benefit-Cost Analysis: 1981-1986
ⅣႺ⼔ᐡ㧔Environmental Protection Agency㧕1987ᐕ8㧔EPA-230-05-87-028㧕 http://yosemite.epa.gov/ee/epa/eerm.nsf/vwAN/EE-0222-1.pdf/$file/EE-0222-1.pdf
عⷐ
ⅣႺ⼔ᐡ㧔Environmental Protection Agency㧦EPA㧕ߢߪޔⶄᢙߩᴺ╬ߦࠃࠆⷐ⺧ߦ ၮߠ߈ޔⷙ╬ߩ╷ቯߦ߅ߡ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߡࠆޕEPA ߢߪޔ1981 ᐕ㨪1986 ᐕߩ㑆ߦታᣉߐࠇߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩ⥄ࠄߩᵴ↪⁁ᴫߦߟߡ⺞ᩏࠍⴕޔߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍ߹ߣ
ߚޕ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߪޔᔅߕߒ߽EPAߩᗧᕁቯߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥߊޔ߹ߚޔ ฦ⒳ߩ㒢⇇ߪࠆ߽ߩߩޔ⋉ߥ࠷࡞ߢࠆߎߣߦߪᄌࠊࠅߥߊޔᓟ߽ᒁ߈⛯߈ᵴ↪
ߒߡߊߣߒߡࠆޕ
ߥ߅ޔEPAߦࠃࠆ⺞ᩏߩ⊒┵ߩ1ߟߪޔGAO ߇EPAߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦߟߡ⺞ᩏႎ ๔ߒߚޔ̍Cost-Benefit Analysis Can Be Useful in Assessing Environmental Regulations, Despite Limitations̍(1984)19ߢࠆޕ
ع⚻✲
GAO ߢߪޔⅣႺⷙߩ⹏ଔߦ߅ߡ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᵴ↪ߐࠇߡࠆ߆ࠍ⹏ଔ ߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢޔEPA ࠍኻ⽎ߦᬌᩏࠍⴕߞߚޕⅣႺⷙࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚℂ↱ߪޔㅪ㇌ᐭߩⅣႺ ⷙߦኻߔࠆㆩ⾌↪߇ޔ1979ᐕ㨪1988ᐕߩ10ᐕ㑆ߢ 5ජం࠼࡞ࠍ߃ߡࠆߣផ⸘ߐ ࠇޔห᭽ߦޔଢ⋉߽⤘ᄢߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߚߢࠆޕ
GAOߦࠃࠆᬌᩏߩ⚿ᨐޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚޕ
EPA ߇ⅣႺ߳ߩଢ⋉ࠍផ⸘ߔࠆߚߦ↪ߚ⑼ቇ⊛࠺࠲ߦߪᄢ߈ߥࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇ࠆޕ
߃߫ޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩਛߢޔⷙߩዉߦࠃߞߡߤࠇ߶ߤ᳓⾰߇ᵺൻߐࠇࠆ߆ߣ
߁࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ⺑ߔࠆߚߩ࠺࠲߇චಽߢߥ
ੱޘߩᡰᛄᗧᕁ㗵ߩ▚ቯ߇࿎㔍ߢࠆߚޔஜᐽ߿ઁߩⅣႺߩᡷༀࠍ㊄㌛ଔ୯⹏ଔߔ ࠆ㓙ߦ㗴߇ࠆ
1970 ᐕ ઍ ೋ 㗡 ߦ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ޔ ᄢ ᳇ ᵺ ൻ ᴺ 㧔Clean Air Act㧕 ߮ ᳓ ⾰ ᵺ ൻ ᴺ 㧔Clean Water Act㧕ߩࠃ߁ߥᴺᓞߪޔᵺൻߩᐲวߦജὐ߇⟎߆ࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍᗧ ᕁቯߦ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍᱛࠆߪ㒢ߒߡࠆ
20
ޕߘߩߚޔᄢ⛔㗔12291ߦၮ ߠ߈ታᣉߐࠇߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ᗧᕁቯࡊࡠࠬߢᵴ↪ߐࠇߡߥޕ
GAOߢߪޔߎࠇࠄߩᬌᩏߩ⚿ᨐߦၮߠߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ൘๔ࠍⴕߞߚޕ
19 GAO/RCED-84-62㧔http://archive.gao.gov/d5t1/123970.pdf㧕
20
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩታᣉ⥄ࠍᱛࠆߪ㒢ߒߡࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ߃߫ޔੱ㑆ߩஜ ᐽߦኻߔࠆଢ⋉ߩߺࠍ್ᢿ᧚ᢱߣߒߡⷙࠍቯߔࠆ߇᳞ࠄࠇߡࠆ႐ว߇ࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢ
࿑ GAOߦࠃࠆ൘๔ EPA㐳ቭߦኻߔࠆ൘๔
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍታᣉߔࠆᜂᒰ⺖ߦኻߒߡޔਥⷐߥⷙߩലᨐࠍಽ㔌ߒߡᛠីߔࠆߎߣ ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ޔਇ⏕ታᕈࠍಽᨆߔࠆߚߩ․ߥᛛⴚࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆࠃ߁᳞ࠆޕ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᱜ⏕ᕈߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ࠺࠲㨯ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߮ߘࠇࠍᡷༀߔࠆߚߦ⸘↹
ߒߡࠆᣇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆఝవ㗅ࠍޔ⼏ળߦឭߔࠆ੍▚ᦠߢ␜ߔޕ
ᴺ⊛⚂ߦࠃࠅޔⅣႺⷙߩ╷ቯߦ߅ߡ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ᵴ↪ߢ߈ߥ႐วߦߪޔ⼏
ળߦឭߔࠆࠛࠣࠢ࠹ࠖࡉ㨯ࠨࡑߦߘߩᣦࠍ⸥タߔࠆޕ
⼏ળߩᬌ⸛㗄
ᄢ᳇ᵺൻᴺ߿᳓⾰ᵺൻᴺࠍߊߟ߆ߩ᧦ߪޔⅣႺⷙߩቯߦ߅ߡ⾌↪ଢ⋉
ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍᱛࠆߪ㒢ߒߡࠆޕ⼏ળߪޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥᱛ㒢㗄ߩ
✭ࠆߪ᠗ᑄࠍᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߢࠆޕGAO ߢߪޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦߪ㒢⇇߇ࠆߣߪ
߃ޔⅣႺⷙߩઍᦧ᩺ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߢ⋉ߥᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆޕ
GAO ߦࠃࠆႎ๔ߪޔEPA ߦ߅ߌࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᵴ↪⁁ᴫߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏߩ 1 ߟߩ⊒┵
ߣߥߞߡࠆޕEPA ߢߪޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩ⽸₂߮㒢⇇ޔⅣႺⷙࠍቯߔࠆߢ⾌↪ଢ
⋉ಽᨆߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆᴺᐲޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᓟߩᡷༀᣇ╷ߦߟߡ⺞ᩏ㨯ಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚޕ
ع⺞ᩏᣇᴺ
EPAߢߪޔ1981ᐕ㨪1986ᐕߩ5ᐕ㑆ߦ⚂1,000ઙߩⅣႺⷙࠍᣉⴕߒߡࠆޕߎߩ߁ߜޔ ⷙᓇ㗀ಽᨆ㧔Regulatory Impact Analysis: RIA㧕ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆޟਥⷐⷙ㧔major rules㧕ޠ ߪ18ઙߢࠅޔታ㓙ߦRIAࠍታᣉߒߚߩߪ15ઙߢߞߚޕᱷࠅߩ3ઙߪޔᴺᓞࠆߪ ⵙ್ᚲߩ᳞ࠆᦼ㒢ߩߚߦޔOMB߇RIAߩታᣉࠍ㒰ߒߚޕEPAߪޔਥߦRIAࠍታᣉ ߒߚ15ઙߦߟߡޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߤߩࠃ߁ߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ߆ࠍࡆࡘߒߚޕ ߹ߚޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩታᣉᵴ↪ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆᴺᐲࠍಽᨆߒޔⅣႺⷙߩቯߦ߅ߡ EPAߦ᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㗄ࠍᢛℂߒߡࠆޕ
عᬌᩏ⚿ᨐ
એਅߢߪޔEPAߦࠃࠆ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߩⷐࠍ␜ߔޕ a㧕ᱧผ⊛⢛᥊
EPA ߪޔߘߩ⸳┙ᒰೋ߆ࠄޔⅣႺⷙߦኻߔࠆಽᨆࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚޕEPAߦኻߔࠆಽᨆߩ ⷐ⺧ߪਅ⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥᴺ╬ߩᄌㆫߦၮߠߡ߅ࠅޔಽᨆౝኈߪᓢޘߦᄢߒߡ߈ߡࠆޕ
࿑ ⷙಽᨆߩ⚻✲
ᴺᓞ㧛ᄢ⛔㗔 ᐕ ಽᨆ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ ಽᨆ࠲ࠗࡊ ⷐ
OMB ࡔ ࡕ
10/5/71
1971 ↢ᵴߩ⾰ࡆࡘ
Quality of Life Review
⾌↪ޔଢ⋉ ో ߡ ߩ ㊀ ⷐ ߥ ⷙ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔ ਥ ߥ ⋡ ⊛ ޔ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߚ ઍ ᦧ ᩺ ޔ ઍ ᦧ ᩺ ߩ ⾌ ↪
߮ ଢ ⋉ ߩ Ყ セ ޔ ផ ᅑ ᩺ ߩ ㆬ ቯ ℂ ↱ ࠍ ޔ ห ࡆ ࡘ ߩⷐߦߡ␜ߔޕ
ᄢ⛔㗔11821 1974 ࠗࡦࡈ࡚ࠪࡦ ᓇ㗀⹏ଔᦠ
Inflation Impact Statement
⾌ ↪ ޔ ଢ ⋉ ޔ
ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ߩ ᓇ 㗀
ో ߡ ߩ ਥ ⷐ ߥ ⷙ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔ ࠗ ࡦ ࡈ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ᓇ 㗀 ࠍ ⹏ ଔ ߒ ߚ ߣ ߁ ⸽ ࠍ ߟ ߌ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ᳞ ࠆ ߽ ߩޕ
ᄢ⛔㗔11949 1976 ⚻ᷣᓇ㗀ಽᨆᦠ Economic Impact Statement
⾌ ↪ ޔ ଢ ⋉ ޔ
⚻ᷣ⊛ᓇ㗀
ᄢ ⛔ 㗔 11821 ߇ 1986 ᐕ ᧃ ߢ ᦼ 㒢 ಾ ࠇ ߦ ߥ ߞ ߚ ߚޔߘࠇࠍ1 ᐕ㑆ᑧ㐳 ߔ ࠆ ⋡ ⊛ ߢ ⊒ ല ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ ಽᨆߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ࠍᄌᦝޕ ᄢ⛔㗔12044 1978 ⷙಽᨆ
Regulatory Analysis
⾌ ↪ ޔ ⚻ ᷣ ⊛
⚿ᨐ
ᄢ⛔㗔 11949 ࠍ⟎߈឵
߃ ޔ 㗴 ߩ ◲ ẖ ߥ ⺑ ޔ
㗴 ⸃ ߩ ߚ ߩ ઍ ᦧ
᩺ ޔ ฦ ઍ ᦧ ᩺ ߩ ⚻ ᷣ ⊛ ⚿ ᨐ ޔ ផ ᅑ ᩺ ㆬ ᛯ ߩ ⚦ ߥ ℂ ↱ ࠍ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ᳞ ࠆ߽ߩޕ
ⷙᨵエᕈᴺ 1980 ⷙ ᨵ エ ᕈ ಽ ᨆ Regulatory
Flexibility Analysis
ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ߳ ߩ ᓇ㗀
ో ߡ ߩ ㅪ ㇌ ᐭ ᯏ 㑐 ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ޔ ⷙ ߩ ╷ ቯ ߦ ߅ ߡ ޔ ਛ ዊ ડ ᬺ ޔ ਛ ዊ 㕖 ༡
⚵ ❱ ߮ ਛ ዊ ᐭ ᯏ 㑐 ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ᓇ 㗀 ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߔ ࠆ ߎߣࠍ᳞ࠆ߽ߩޕ ᄢ⛔㗔12291 1981 ⷙ ᓇ 㗀 ಽ ᨆ
Regulatory Impact Analysis
⾌ ↪ ޔ ଢ ⋉ ޔ
⚐ଢ⋉
ᄢ⛔㗔 12044 ߩⷙಽ ᨆ ࠍ ⷙ ᓇ 㗀 ಽ ᨆ ߢ ⟎ ߈
឵ ߃ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ޕ ឭ ᩺ ⷙ ߩ
⹏ ଔ ߦ ߅ ߡ ⚐ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ⹏ ଔ ࠍ ೋ ߡ ᳞ ߚ ᄢ ⛔ 㗔
ޕ
⾗ᢱ㧕EPA㧔1987㧕ߦၮߠ߈ਃ⪉UFJࠨ࠴㧒ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣᚑ
EPA ߇ⷙ╷ቯࠍⴕ߁㓙ߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩਥⷐߥᩮߣߥߞߡࠆߩߪᄢ⛔㗔 12291 ߢࠆޕᄢ⛔㗔 12291 ߢߪޔోߡߩޟਥⷐⷙޠߦߟߡ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ᳞
ߡࠆޕਥⷐⷙߣߪޔએਅߩߕࠇ߆ߦᒰߔࠆⷙߢࠆޕ
⚻ᷣߦኻߔࠆᓇ㗀߇ᐕ㑆1ం࠼࡞એߩⷙ
⾌↪߿ଔᩰߩᄢߥჇടࠍߊⷙ
┹ޔ㓹↪ޔᛩ⾗ޔ↢↥ᕈޔࠗࡁࡌ࡚ࠪࡦ߹ߚߪ☨࿖ડᬺߩ࿖㓙┹ജߦ㊀ᄢߥᖡ ᓇ㗀ࠍ߷ߔⷙ
߹ߚޔಽᨆߦࠆౝኈߪޔᄢ⛔㗔12291 Section 3 (d)ߢએਅࠍࠆߎߣ߇⟵ോઃߌ ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ
(1) ⷙߩẜ⊛ଢ⋉ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺑ޕߎࠇߦߪޔ㊄㌛ଔ୯ൻߢ߈ߥଢ⋉߮ଢ⋉ߩฃ⋉
⠪ࠍޕ
(2) ⷙߩẜ⊛⾌↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺑ޕߎࠇߦߪޔ㊄㌛ଔ୯ൻߢ߈ߥ⾌↪߮⾌↪ߩ⽶ᜂ
⠪ࠍޕ
(3) ㊄㌛ଔ୯ൻߢ߈ߥᓇ㗀߽ߚⷙߩẜ⊛⚐ଢ⋉
(4) ផᅑ᩺ߣห╬ߩⷙ⋡⊛ࠍࠃࠅዋߥ⾌↪ߢ㆐ᚑߢ߈ࠆઍᦧ᩺ߩ⺑ޔਗ߮ߦߘࠇࠄ ߩઍᦧ᩺ߩ⾌↪ޔଢ⋉ޔ߮ߘࠇࠄ߇ߥߗᴺ⊛ߦណ↪ߐࠇߥ߆ߩ⺑
(5) ⷙ߇ Section2 ߢቯࠆⷐ᳞㗄
21
ࠍḩߚߔߎߣ߇ᴺ⊛ߦߢ߈ߥℂ↱ࠍ㧔4㧕ߢ⺑
ߢ߈ߡߥ႐วߦߪޔߘߩ⺑
OMBߪޔᄢ⛔㗔12291ࠍฃߌߚⷙᓇ㗀ಽᨆߩࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦࠍ1981ᐕ6ߦߒ ߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔEPAߢ߽ޔⷙᓇ㗀ಽᨆߩ⁛⥄ࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦࠍ1983ᐕ12ߦߒߡ
ࠆޕ
b㧕⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆᴺᐲ
ᄢ⛔㗔 12291 ߢߪޔⷙߩቯߦ߅ߡޔ⚐ଢ⋉ߩᦨᄢൻએᄖߩⷐ⚛ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߥߌࠇ
߫ߥࠄߥ႐ว߇ࠆࠍߡࠆޕታ㓙ޔEPA ߩⷙቯߩᮭ㒢ࠍቯࠆᴺᓞߪޔᄢ
᳇ᵺൻᴺޔ᳓⾰ᵺൻᴺޔో㘶ᢱ᳓ᴺޔኂ‛⾰ⷙᱜᴺ╬ޔᄙᢙࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩⷙߦߪޔ EPA ߇ᗧᕁቯࡊࡠࠬߦ߅ߡᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ౝኈߦᨵエᕈࠍਈ߃ߡࠆ߽ߩ߽ࠆ߇ޔਛ ߦߪޔಽᨆౝኈࠍࠃࠅ෩ኒߦቯߡࠆ߽ߩ߽ࠆޕⅣႺᴺߪߕࠇ߽EPAߦኻߒߡ⚐
ଢ⋉ߩផ⸘ߪ᳞ߡߥ߇ޔᄙߊߩᴺߪ߶ߣࠎߤߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ࠍಽᨆߔࠆࠃ߁᳞ߡ ߅ࠅޔߎࠇߪ⚐ଢ⋉ߩផ⸘ߩ৻ㇱࠍߥߔ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
ᰴߩ࿑ߪޔEPA ߩⅣႺⷙߩᮭ㒢ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᴺ߮ߘߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆߩ
21 Section2ߢߪޔ৻⥸⊛ⷐ᳞㗄ߣߒߡޔᐭߩᗧᕁቯߪㆡಾߥᖱႎߦၮߠ߆ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥߎ
ߣ߿ޔ␠ળ߳ߩଢ⋉߇⾌↪ࠍ࿁ࠆⷙߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥߎߣޔ␠ળ߳ߩ⚐ଢ⋉ࠍᦨᄢൻߔࠆࠃ߁ ߥⷙ⋡⊛߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆߎߣ╬ࠍ᳞ߡࠆޕ
ⷐ⺧㗄ߢࠆޕ࿑߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔ৻ㇱߩᴺߦߪޔଢ⋉ߩಽᨆߩߺ᳞ߡࠆ႐ว߇ ߺࠄࠇࠆޕ߃߫ޔᄢ᳇ᵺൻᴺߪޔో࿖ᄢ᳇⾰ၮḰߪੱ㑆ߩஜᐽ߳ߩᓇ㗀ߩߺߦၮߠߡ ቯࠆࠃ߁᳞ߡࠆޕ
࿑ ⅣႺᴺߩ⾌↪߮ଢ⋉ߩಽᨆⷐ⺧
ଢ⋉ ⾌↪
ᴺ㧛ⷙ ᳪᨴᷫ
ዋ
ஜᐽ
㧛
ⅣႺ
ㆩ⾌
↪
⾌↪ኻ ലᨐ
⚻ᷣ⊛
ᓇ㗀 ᄢ᳇ᵺൻᴺ
ో࿖ᄢ᳇⾰ၮḰ㧙1ᰴ ٤
ో࿖ᄢ᳇⾰ၮḰ㧙2ᰴ ٤
ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴෂ㒾‛⾰ ٤
ᣂⷙ⊒↢ḮၮḰ ٤ * * ** ** **
⥄േゞឃၮḰ*** ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤
⥶ⓨᯏឃၮḰ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤
ΆᢱၮḰ*** ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤
᳓⾰ᵺൻᴺ
⑳⊛ᵺ᳓ ٤ **** ٤ ٤ ٤
⊛ᵺ᳓ ٤
ో㘶ᢱ᳓ᴺ
ᦨᄢᳪᨴ᳓Ḱ⋡ᮡ ٤
ᦨᄢᳪᨴ᳓Ḱ ٤ ٤
ኂ‛⾰ⷙᴺ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤
⾗Ḯో࿁ᓳᴺ ٤ ٤
൮ ⊛ Ⅳ Ⴚ ኻ ╷ ఘ
⽿ છ ᴺ 㧔 ࠬ ࡄ ࡈ ࠔ ࡦ
࠼ᴺ㧕
ႎ๔น⢻ᢙ㊂ ٤ ٤
ో ࿖ ࠦ ࡦ ࠹ ࠖ ࡦ ࠫ ࠚ ࡦ
ࠪࡊࡦ
٤ ٤
ㅪ ㇌ Ვ ⯻ Ვ ⩶ Ვ 㥘 ᴺ
࠺࠲ⷐ᳞ ٤
ዊⷙᮨ↪ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤
ේሶജࠛࡀ࡞ࠡᴺ
ᕈᑄ᫈‛ ٤ ٤ ٤
࠙ࡦᎿ႐ㆬ㋶ߊߕ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤
٤㧦ⷐ᳞㗄
* 㧦㕖ᄢ᳇⾰ߩஜᐽ߮ⅣႺᓇ㗀ߩߺࠍ
** 㧦ᴺߪޟ⾌↪ޠߩߺኻ⽎
*** 㧦ಽᨆ࠲ࠗࡊߪⷙᣇᴺߦࠃࠆ
**** 㧦㕖᳓⾰ߩⅣႺᓇ㗀ߩߺࠍ
c㧕EPAߦࠃࠆ1981ᐕ㨪1986ᐕߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ
EPA߇1981ᐕ2㨪1986ᐕ2ߩ5ᐕ㑆ߦޔਥⷐߥⷙߦߟߡ15ઙߩⷙᓇ㗀ಽᨆ