ᬌᩏ߇ ⟵ോઃ ߌࠄࠇ ߚߚ ޔ⒢
㑐࿖Ⴚ⼊ዪ㧔CBP)ߢߪߎߩ ⷙ ࠍ ߚ Secure Freight Initiative㧔SFI㧕 ࠍ ╷ ቯ ߒ ߡ ࠆޕCBPߪSFIࠍታᣉߔࠆ⾌↪
߿ ޔ ࠦ ࡦ࠹ ࠽ߩ 100㧑 ᬌᩏߩ ⾌
↪ଢ⋉ ಽᨆࠍ ⴕߞߡ ߅ࠅޔ ᧄႎ ๔ᦠߪ ߎ߁ߒ ߚข⚵ ߩᅷᒰ ᕈࠍ
⹏ଔߒߡࠆޕ
CBP ߪ SFI ߩᐞߟ߆ߩ⾌↪ࠍ․ቯߒ ߡࠆ߇ޔࠦࡦ࠹࠽ߩ 100㧑ᬌᩏࠍ㆐
ᚑߔࠆߚߩ⾌↪ಽᨆߣߒߡߪචಽߢ ߪ ߥ ޕCBP ߪ ว ⴐ ࿖ ᄖ ߢ ⊒ ↢ ߔ ࠆ
⾌ ↪ ࠍ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߿ ޔ100㧑 ᬌ ᩏߩઍᦧ╷ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߚߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉
ಽᨆߥߤࠍⴕߞߡߥޕਇ⏕ታᕈߪ ሽߔࠆ߇ޔㅪ㇌ᐭߩၮḰࠍḩߚߔ
⾌↪ߩផቯ߿⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ ߪ⼏ળ߳ߩႎ๔߿ࠦࡦ࠹࠽ߦኻߔࠆ
ోᕈࠍߐࠄߦ㜞ࠆᣇᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ㓙 ߦലߢࠆߣߞߚᜰ៰߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ
ࠆޕ
GAOߪCBPߦᬺಽᨆ߿
⾌↪ߩផቯޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ ࠍቢోߦታᣉߒޔߘߩ⚿ᨐ ࠍ⼏ળߦႎ๔ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ൘ ๔ ߒ ߚ ޕCBP ߪ ൘ ๔ ౝ ኈ ࠍࠎߛႎ๔ࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚ ߣߒߡࠆ߇ޔႎ๔ౝኈߪ ਇ ච ಽ ߢ ࠅ ޔGAO ߪ ߎ ߩߎߣࠍಽᨆߦࠃߞߡ␜ߒ ߡࠆޕ
Ԝ ߘ ߩ
ઁ
46 PPP
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ⇟ ᐕ
ႎ ๔
⇟ภ ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ᬌᩏߩ⋡⊛ ᬌᩏ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
3 2007 GAO- 07-581T
COMBATING NUCLEAR SMUGGLING:
DHS̉s Decision to Procure and Deploy the Next Generation of Radiation
Detection
Equipment Is Not Supported by Its Cost-Benefit Analysis
ᩭኒャߣߩᚢ㧦
ᰴ ઍ ဳ ✢ ᬌ ⍮ ⵝ ⟎ ߩ ዉ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ DHS ߩ ᗧ ᕁ ቯ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆߩᰳ⪭
࿖ ో 㓚⋭ 㧔DHS㧕 ߪ࿖ ౝ
߳ߩਇ ᱜߥᩭ ߩଚ ࠍ㒐ߋ ᓎഀ
ࠍᜂߞ ߡ߅ࠅ ޔߘߩ ߚߦ ᣂߚ ߥ ⋙ ⷞ ⵝ ⟎ ߩ 㐿 ⊒ ߦ DHS ߪ ข ࠅ⚵ࠎ ߢ߈ߚ ޕߒ߆ ߒޔᦨ ᣂⵝ
⟎ߪߩᯏ⒳ߩ6ߩଔᩰߢ
ࠅޔߎߩߚGAOߪDHSߦ
⾌↪ଢ ⋉ಽᨆ ࠍዉ ߔࠆߎ ߣࠍ
൘๔ߒ ߚޕᧄ ႎ๔ᦠ ߪߎߩ ൘๔ ߦ ᓥ ߞ ߡ ታ ᣉ ߐ ࠇ ߚ DHS ߩ ⾌
↪ଢ⋉ ಽᨆߩ ⚿ᨐࠍ ᬌ⸽ߒ ߡ
ࠆޕ
GAOߢߪDHSߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦ߅ߌ ࠆ⾌↪ߩ▚ቯߦߟߡએਅߩ㗴ὐࠍ ᜰ៰ߒߡࠆޕ1 ߟߪߩࠪࠬ࠹
ࡓߩ⺞㆐⾌↪߇ታᘒࠃࠅએ㜞ߊ⸳
ቯߐࠇߡߎߣޔ2 ߟߪᣂߚߥᛛⴚߦ ࠃߞߡੑ㊀ᬌᩏ߇ਇⷐߦߥࠅޔ⾌↪
ᷫ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆߣߒߡࠆ߇ޔߘߩ⾌
↪ߩಽᨆ߇ਇචಽߢᷫലᨐ߇ਇ⏕߆ ߥߎߣޔ3 ߟߪ 2007 ᐕߦ⊒ߐࠇ ߚᣂߚߥ⋙ⷞⵝ⟎ߩዉߩᄾ⚂߇⾌↪
ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩ✚⾌↪ࠍ2ం࠼࡞߽࿁ߞ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔDHS ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߇
ࠗࠬࠨࠗࠢ࡞ࠦࠬ࠻ࠍㆊዊ⹏ଔߔࠆ ߥߤޔ⾌↪ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆᄙߊߩⷐ࿃
ࠍήⷞߒߡࠆߎߣࠍߍߡࠆޕ
GAOߩ2006ᐕ10ߩႎ ๔ߢߪ DHS ߩಽᨆߦߟ
ߡ⾰ߩะߣ✚ว⊛ߥಽᨆ ߩ⏕ߩ2ὐࠍ൘๔ߒߚޕ ߎ ࠇ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ޔDHS ߪ ൘ ๔ߦหᗧ߽ᜎุ߽ߒߡߥ
߇ޔᣂߚߥᯏེࠍ⾼ߔ ࠆߚߦಽᨆౝኈߩะߦ ദജߒߡࠆޕ
Ԝ ߘ ߩ
ઁ
4 2009 GAO-09- 248
CLEAN COAL:
DOẺs Decision to Restructure Future Gen Should Be Based on a Comprehensive Analysis of Costs, Benefits, and Risks
Ⅳ Ⴚ ߦ ߿ ߐ ߒ
⍹㧦
DOE ߦ ࠃ ࠆ
᧪ ߩ ࠢ ࡦ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ ↪ ߩ
ౣ ᭴ ▽ ߪ ޔ ൮
⊛ ߥ ⾌ ↪ ଢ
⋉ ࠬ ࠢ ಽ ᨆ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߊ ߴ ߈ ߢ
ࠆ
DOE ߢ ߪ ޔ2003 ᐕ ߦ⍹ ࠍࠟ
ࠬൻΆ ߒߡ ᓧࠄࠇ ࠆ᳓⚛ ߢ⊒
㔚ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔCO2ឃ㊂ߩ 90㧑ࠍ ࿁ߒ ਛߦ ⾂⇐ߔ ࠆޔ FutureGen ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ࠍ 㐿 ᆎ ߒ ߚޕ⾌↪⽶ᜂߪ DOE߇74㧑ޔ
᳃㑆߇26㧑ߢߞߚ߇ޔ⾌↪Ⴧ ട߇ ᔨߐࠇ ߚߚ ޔࡊࡠ ࠣ
ࡓ ߇ ౣ ᭴ ▽ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ޕ ߘ ߎ ߢ GAO ߪ ޔ Ԙ ర ߩ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߣ
ౣ ᭴ ▽ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߩ ⋡
ᮡ ޔ ԙFutureGen ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߣ DOE ߩઁߩ⚛࿁⾂⇐ 㧔CCS㧕 ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߩ 㘃 ૃ ὐ ߣ
⋧㆑ὐ ޔԚࡊ ࡠࠣ ࡓߩౣ ᭴▽
߇චಽ ߥᖱႎ ߦၮߠ ߡᗧ ᕁ
ቯߐࠇ ߚ߆ߤ ߁߆ޔ ࠍᬌ⸽ ߔࠆ ߎߣߣߒߚޕ
రߩࡊࡠࠣࡓߢߪޔ⍹ࠟࠬൻⶄว
⊒㔚㧔IGCC㧕ߣ⚛࿁⾂⇐ 㧔CCS㧕ࠍ1ߟߩࡊࡦ࠻ߢ㕖༡ߩ
ᬺㅪวߢታⴕߒࠃ߁ߣᗧ࿑ߒߡ
ߚߩߦኻߒߡޔౣ᭴▽ߐࠇߚࡊࡠࠣ
ࡓߢߪޔ⚛࿁⾂⇐ࠍⶄᢙߩࡊࡦ
࠻ߢᬺࡌࠬߢታⴕߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ
ߚޕ߹ߚޔౣ᭴▽ߐࠇߚFutureGenࡊ ࡠࠣࡓߢߪޔᓥ᧪ߩ⚛࿁⾂⇐ࡊ ࡠࠣࡓߦᲧߴⶄᢙߩⷐ⚛ࠍ⛔วߒࠃ ߁ ߣ ߒ ߡ ߚ ޕ ߐ ࠄ ߦ ޔDOE ߪ ర ߩ FutureGen ࡊࡠࠣ ࡓߩ ⾌ ↪߇㧞 ߦ ߥߞߚߣ߁⚿⺰ߦၮߠߡᗧᕁቯ ࠍⴕߞߡ߅ࠅޔ㑐ㅪߔࠆ⾌↪ޔଢ⋉ޔ
ࠬࠢࠍᲧセߒߡߥ߆ߞߚޕ
DOEߪޔరޘߩFutureGen ࡊࡠࠣࡓߩ⾌↪ޔଢ⋉ޔ
ࠬࠢߣᲧセߒߡౣ᭴▽ߦ 㑐ߔࠆᗧᕁቯࠍᬌ⸽ߔߴ ߈ ߢ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ޔGAO ߪ
൘ ๔ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕDOE ߪ ᛛ ⴚ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ⊒
ߒߡࠆ߇ޔᧄࡐ࠻ߩ
൘๔ߦኻߔࠆࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߪ
ߒߡߥޕ ԚⅣႺ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ⇟ ᐕ
ႎ ๔
⇟ภ ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ᬌᩏߩ⋡⊛ ᬌᩏ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
5 2003 GAO-04-30
CORPS OF ENGINEERS:
Improved Analysis of Costs and Benefits Needed for Sacramento Flood Protection Project
ޣ☨࿖㧠ޤ
㒽 ァ Ꮏ 㓌 ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ࠨ ࠢ ࡔ ࡦ ࠻ ᵩ ᳓ 㒐 ᱛ ⸘ ↹ ߩ
⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ᡷༀ⁁ᴫ
1996 ᐕߣ1999 ᐕߦ⼏ળߪࠞ
ࡈࠜ࡞ ࠾ࠕᎺ ࠨࠢ ࡔࡦ࠻ ߩᵩ
᳓ኻ╷ ߣߒߡ ☨࿖㒽 ァᎿ 㓌߇ ࠕࡔ ࠞࡦ ࡃߥ ߤߩႇ 㒐ࠍ ᒝ ൻ ߔ ࠆߎ ߣࠍ ᛚ ߒߚ ޕ2002 ᐕߦߎ ߩᡷୃ ⾌↪߇ ᄢߦ ⤘ᒛ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ႎ ๔ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ߚ ޔ GAO ߪ ߘ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ߩ ⤘ ᒛ ߇ ᅷ ᒰ ߥ߽ߩ ߆ޔァ ߩ⚻ᷣ ಽᨆࠍ ᬌ⸽
ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚޕ
ႇ㒐ߩᡷୃᎿߪ1996ᐕߩ57⊖ਁ࠼
࡞߆ࠄޔ⸳⸘ᄌᦝߦࠃߞߡ 2002 ᐕߦ ߪ2.7 ంਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ3.7ంਁ࠼࡞ߩ㑆 ߩ 㗵 ߹ ߢ 〡 ߨ ߇ ࠆ ߣ ⠨ ߃ ࠄ ࠇ ߡ ࠆޕߎࠇߪ⸳⸘ߩᄌᦝߥߤ߇ℂ↱ߢ
ࠆ߇ޔઍᦧ╷ߩᬌ⸛߇ਇචಽߢࠆߎ ߣ ߿ ޔ96 ᐕ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪ ႇ 㒐 ߇⼔ߔࠆ᳃㑆ߩ⾗↥ଔᩰ߇ㆊᄢ⹏ଔ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߿ ޔ99 ᐕ ߩ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪ
⼔ߔࠆၞ㕙Ⓧߦ⺋ࠅ߇ࠆߎߣߥ ߤ ޔ ಽ ᨆ ⚿ ᨐ ߩ 㗴 ὐ ࠍ ᜰ ៰ ߒ ߡ ࠆޕ
GAO ߪએਅߩ 3 ὐࠍァߦ
൘๔ߒߚޕ㧝ὐ⋡ߪᓟߩ ᡷୃᎿࠍኻ⽎ߦᱜ⏕ߥ⾌
↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߎ ߣ ޔ2 ὐ⋡ߣߒߡ⾌↪ߣଢ⋉ߩ
⋥ߒߣઍᦧߩᵩ᳓ኻ╷ࠍᬌ
⸛ߔࠆߎߣޔ㧟ὐ⋡ߣߒߡ
ୃᱜߒߚಽᨆߩᄖㇱᬌ⸽⚵
❱ࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕ ァߪ GAO ߩ൘๔ߦหᗧߒ ߡࠆ߇ޔὐ߆ߦߟߡ
⺰߽ⴕߞߡࠆޕ
ԙ㒐ἴ
6 1972 B-17367 7
Cost-Benefit Analysis Used in Support of the Space Shuttle Program
ޣ☨࿖㧞ޤ
ࠬ ࡍ ࠬ ࠪ ࡖ ࠻
࡞ ⸘ ↹ ߩ ߚ ߩ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ
1972 ᐕߩ NASA ߦࠃࠆࠬࡍ
ࠬࠪࡖ ࠻࡞⸘ ↹ߩ⚻ ᷣಽᨆ ࠍᬌ
⸽ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞⸘↹ߩ⚻ᷣᕈߦߟ
ߡޔNASA߇Mathematica␠ߦᆔ⸤ߒ ߡታᣉߒߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩౝኈࠍ3ߟ ߩઍᦧ᩺ࠍឭ␜ߒߡਥߦ⾌↪㕙ࠍਛᔃ ߦ ♖ ᩏ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ౕ ⊛ ߦ ߪ ޔGAO ߇⾌↪▚ቯߦ߅ߡᛛⴚޔㆇ↪㕙ߢ․
ߦਇ⏕ታߥⷐ࿃ߦߥࠆߣ್ᢿߒߚㇱಽ ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡޔᒰⷐ࿃ߦߟߡᗵᐲ ಽᨆߦࠃࠆࠪࡒࡘ࡚ࠪࡦ߇ታᣉߐ ࠇߡࠆޕ
ߎߩࡐ࠻ߦၮߠߊ൘๔
╬ߪታᣉߐࠇߡߥޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ
7 1982 CE D-82-53
Corps of Engineers Should Reevaluate The Elk Creek Project̉s
Benefits And Costs
㒽 ァ Ꮏ 㓌 ߪ ࠛ
࡞ ࠢ ࠢ ࠢ ࡊ ࡠ ࠫ ࠚ ࠢ ࠻ ߩ ⾌
↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ౣ
⹏ ଔ ߔ ߴ ߈ ߢ ࠆ
㒽ァᎿ 㓌߇ ⴕߞߚ ࠝࠧ ࡦᎺ ߩࠛ࡞ ࠢࠢ ࠢ࠳ ࡓߩᑪ ⸳ࡊ ࡠࠫࠚ ࠢ࠻ߦ ኻߔࠆ ⾌↪ଢ ⋉ಽ ᨆߩౝ ኈࠍ ࡆࡘ ߔࠆߎ ߣࠍ
⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
☨㒽ァᎿ㓌ߩ࠳ࡓࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ߅
ߡታᣉߐࠇߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩౝኈࠍ
ࡆࡘߒޔ⻉೨ឭߦኻߔࠆ⇼ߩឭ
␜ ߣ ߦ ޔGAO ⥄ り ߽ ⾌ ↪ ߿ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ
ౣ ⸘ ▚ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ 㧔1982 ᐕ ࡐ
࠻㧕
GAO ߪ ァ ߦ ኻ ߒ ࠛ ࡞ ࠢ ࠢ
ࠢࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ
ᬺน⢻ᕈࠍౣᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ ߣޔᧄႎ๔ᦠ߇ᜰ៰ߒߡ
ࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⇼ὐ ࠍ⸃ߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߒߡ
ࠆ߇ޔᤨὐߢ㒽ァ߆ࠄ ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߪᓧࠄࠇߡߥ
ޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ ԙ㒐ἴ ԚⅣႺ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ⇟ ᐕ
ႎ ๔
⇟ภ ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ᬌᩏߩ⋡⊛ ᬌᩏ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
8 1989
GAO/I MTEC -90-6
Air Force ADP:
Systems Funded Without Adequate Cost/Benefit Analyses
ⓨ ァ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⥄
േ ࠺ ࠲ ಣ ℂ 㧔ADP)㧦 ච ಽ ߦ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߇ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߕ ߦ ੍ ▚ ൻ ߐ ࠇ ߚ
ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ߦ ߟ ߡ
⥶ⓨᯏ ߩᡰេ ᯏེ߿ ࡔࡦ࠹ ࠽ࡦ
ࠬ࠺ ࠲╬ߩ ▤ℂࠍ ᡷༀߔ ࠆߚ
ߦዉ ߐࠇ ࠆᣂߚ ߥⓨァ ߩ⥄
േ࠺ ࠲ಣℂ ⵝ⟎ߦ ߟߡ ޔᓥ
᧪ߩ 㗴ὐ߇ ୃᱜߐ ࠇߡ ࠆ߆ ࠍᬌ⸽ ߔࠆޕ ߎߩ⸘ ↹ߪ㧠 ߟߩ ࡊࡠࠫ ࠚࠢ࠻ ߦಽഀ ߐࠇߡ ࠆ ߇ ޔGAO ߢ ߪ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ
ࡆࡘ ߔࠆ ߎߣࠍ ਛᔃߦ ޔ⸘
↹ߩᅷᒰᕈࠍ⹏ଔߒߡࠆޕ
㧠ߟߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ߁ߜ㧟ߟߦߟ
ߡߪઍᦧ᩺ߩᰳᅤޔଢ⋉㗄⋡ߩᩮ⭯
ᒙޔ⾌↪ߩㆊዋផ⸘ࠍᜰ៰ߒߡ߅ࠅޔ 1 ߟߦߪએ೨⸘↹ߩೋᦼᲑ㓏ߢߞߡ චಽߥ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡߥ
ߣᜰ៰ߒߡࠆޕ
ⓨァߪ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ቢో
ߢߪߥߣߒߡ߽ޔ⸘↹ߩ ታᣉࠍ್ᢿߔࠆߦߪචಽߢ
ࠆ ߣ ⠨ ߃ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޔ ⺋ ߞ ߚ ᖱ ႎ ߦ ၮ ߠ ߌ
߫ޔಽᨆߪචಽߢߪߥޕ
ⓨァߪචಽߥ⾌↪ଢ⋉ࠍⴕ ࠊ ߥ ߹ ߹ ޔ ⸘ ↹ ࠍ ታ ᣉ ߒޔᄢߥ⾌↪Ⴧ߿ࠬࠤࠫ
ࡘ࡞ߩㆃࠇ߇↢ߓᆎߡ
ࠆޕᧄႎ๔ᦠߪචಽߥ⾌
↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍᡷ
ߡ൘๔ߒߡࠆޕ
ԛ 㒐 ⴡ
⺞㆐
9 1975 RED- 75-382
Revisions
Recommended for the Benefit-Cost Analysis for the Planned
Tomahawk Lake Project in Kansas
ࠞ ࡦ ࠩ ࠬ Ꮊ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ࠻ ࡑ ࡎ ࠢ ḓ ߩ ᣢ ሽ ⸘ ↹ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽᨆ
ࠞࡦࠩ ࠬᎺߩ ࠻ࡑࡎ ࠢࠢ
ࠢߦ߅ ߡ㒽 ァᎿ 㓌߇ᵩ ᳓㒐 ᱛޔ᳓ ⾗Ḯ⏕ ╬ࠍ ⋡⊛ߣ ߒߚ ࡊࡠࠫ ࠚࠢ࠻ ࠍ⸘↹ ߒߡ߅ ࠅޔ ߘߩ⾌ ↪ଢ⋉ ಽᨆࠍ ࡆࡘ ߔ ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦ㑐ߒᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐࠍ ዉߒߡࠆޕ᳓ᵹ▤ℂߩଢ⋉ߢߪᣂ ߚߥ▚ቯᣇᴺࠍዉߔࠆߣޔዬၞ
ߢߩੱ⾗↥ߩ⹏ଔߦ㒢߇ട߃ࠄࠇ ࠆߚଢ⋉߇ዊߐߊߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆ ߎߣޔ↪ߔࠆᵩ᳓ಽᏓ࿑ࠍᄌᦝߔࠆ ߣଢ⋉߇ᄢ߈ߊᷫߞߡߒ߹߁ߎߣߥߤ ࠍᜰ៰ߒߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔァߪ⸘↹ߩታ ᣉߦߞߡ⺃⊒ߐࠇࠆ⾌↪ࠍㆊዋߦ▚
ቯߒߡ߅ࠅޔ⼊ኤ߿ᶖ㒐ߩ▤ロၞ߇
ᄢߔࠆߎߣޔ⸘↹ᄖၞߩ〝ᢛ
߿ߘߩ▤ℂ⾌↪ߥߤ߇߹ࠇߡߥ
ߎߣߥߤࠍࠄ߆ߦߒߡࠆޕ
GAO ߪ 㒽 ァ ߦ ኻ ߒ એ ਅ ߩ 3 ὐࠍ൘๔ߒߚޕᦨᣂߩᵹ
㊂࠺࠲ߦၮߠߊଢ⋉߿ᡷ ᱜߐࠇߚⷙߦࠃࠆᓇ㗀ࠍ ᛠីߔࠆߚߩචಽߥಽᨆ ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣޔଢ⋉⸘▚ߩ೨ ឭߥߤࠍᢥᦠൻߔࠆߎߣޔ ਅ᳓▤〝ߩ⟎ࠍ․ቯߒޔ 㑐ㅪ⾌↪ࠍផቯߔࠆḰࠍ ⴕ߁ߎߣޔ⸘↹ߦࠃߞߡ⺃
⊒ߐࠇࠆ⾌↪߿㑆ធ⊛ߥଢ
⋉ߩቯ㊂ൻࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢ
ࠆޕ
ԙ㒐ἴ ԚⅣႺ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ⇟ ᐕ
ႎ ๔
⇟ภ ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ᬌᩏߩ⋡⊛ ᬌᩏ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
10 1972
What To Look for in Auditing Cost-Benefit Studies ޣ☨࿖㧝ޤ
ળ ⸘ ᬌ ᩏ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߩᬌ⸽ᣇᴺ
ࡊࡠࠣ ࡓ⹏ ଔ߳ߩ ࠾࠭ ߩ㜞
߹ ࠅ ߦ ࠃ ࠅ ޔGAO ⺞ ᩏ ቭ ߦ ߪ
⾌↪ല ᨐಽᨆ ߿⾌↪ ଢ⋉ಽ ᨆࠍ
♖ᩏߔ ࠆߎߣ ߇㊀ⷐ ߦߥߞ ߡ߈ ߡࠆ ߎߣ߆ ࠄޔห ಽᨆߦ ߅ߌ ࠆ㊀ⷐ ߥ㕙 ߿ޔ⦟ ಽᨆ ࠍⴕ ߁ߚ ߩ․⾰ ࠍ⸃⺑ ߔࠆߎ ߣࠍ
⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᬌᩏࠍⴕ߁ߦ㓙ߒߡᔅ ⷐߣߥࠆᬌᩏ㗄⋡ߣߒߡޔԘ⋡⊛ޔԙ ઍᦧ᩺ޔԚ೨ឭ᧦ઙޔԛ᧪ߩⅣႺޔ Ԝ ਥ ⷐ ࿃ ޔ ԝ ណ ↪ ࡕ ࠺ ࡞ ޔ Ԟ ᗵ ᐲ ಽ ᨆޔԟᲧセߩⷐὐࠍ⸃⺑ߒߡࠆޕ
GAO ⡯ ຬ ะ ߌ ߩ ࡐ ࠻ ࠁ߃ޔઁ⋭ᐡߦኻߔࠆ൘๔
╬ߪߥޕ
Ԝ ߘ ߩ
ઁ
11 2008 GAO-08-44
Highway Public-Private
Partnerships: More Rigorous Up-front Analysis Could Better Secure Potential Benefits and Protect the Public Interest
ࡂ ࠗ ࠙ ࠚ ࠗ ߦ ߅ ߌࠆPPP㧦
ߩ ⋉ ߩ
⼔ ߣ ଢ ⋉ ⏕ ߩ ߚ ߩ ೨ ಽ ᨆ ߩ෩ᩰൻߩᒝൻ
☨࿖ߢ ߪ᳃㑆 ࠍട߃ ߚㅢ ࠪࠬ
࠹ ࡓ ߩ ᢛ ߇ ᮨ ⚝ ߐ ࠇ ޔGAO ߦኻߒߡ߽ԘPPP ߦࠃࠆଢ⋉߿
⾌↪ޔ ߘߩ࠻ ࠼ ࠝࡈޔ ԙ
ߩ ⋉ࠍ ⼔ߔࠆ ᐭߩ ࠅ ᣇޔԚPPP ߦኻߔࠆㅪ㇌ᐭߩ ᓎഀߣ ᓟߩ ᣇะᕈ ߦߟ ߡ⹏
ଔߔࠆ ࠃ߁ߦ ᳞ࠄ ࠇߡ ࠆޕ 㜞ㅦ〝ߩPPPࠍኻ⽎ߦࡅࠕ
ࡦࠣࠍ ᵴ↪ߒ ߡㅪ㇌ ᴺ╬ߦ ߟ
ߡࡆ ࡘࠍ ⴕ߁ߣ ߣ߽ߦ ޔ⻉
ᄖ࿖ߩ ࠍ ࡆࡘ ߔࠆ ߎߣ ࠍ⋡⊛ߦᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ
PPPߪ⊛⽶ᜂࠍࠊߥ㜞ㅦ〝ߩ ᢛࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߥߤᐭㇱ㐷ߦߣߞ ߡലߥ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߡࠆޕᐭ ㇱ㐷ߩଢ⋉ߣߒߡ᳃㑆ߣߩࠬࠢߩಽ ᜂޔല₸⊛ߥᣉ⸳ㆇ༡ޔല₸⊛ߥᛩ⾗
್ᢿ߇ߍࠄࠇࠆޕẜ⊛ߥ⾌↪ޔ࠻
࠼ ࠝ ࡈ ߽ ሽ ߒ ޔPPP ߢ ߪ freemoney ߇ሽ ߒ ߥ ߎߣޔ᳃ 㑆ߩ ㆇ༡ߢߪᢱ㊄ߩ߇ᕆỗߥ႐ว߇
ࠆߎߣߥߤ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡࠆޕ㜞ㅦ
〝 ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ PPP ߢ ߪ ߩ ⋉ ߽
⼔ߐࠇࠆ৻ᣇߢޔㅪ㇌ᐭߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥ ᓎഀߪ㒢ቯ⊛ߢࠆߎߣߥߤ߇ᜰ៰ߐ ࠇߡࠆޕ
⼏ ળ ߪ 㜞 ㅦ 〝 ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ PPP ߩߩ⋉ࠍ․ቯߔ ࠆၮḰࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚޔ⼏
ળ߿ઁߩ㑐ଥ⠪ߣද⼏ߩ
ㆇャ㐳ቭߦᜰ␜ࠍߔߎߣ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ߴ ߈ ߢ ࠆ ߣ ޔ GAO ߪ ൘ ๔ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇߦኻߒޔㆇャ⋭ߪ ᔨࠍ
␜ߒޔ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߦട߃ޔ൘ ๔ߩ1ߟߦኻߒߡ⺰ߒߡ
ࠆޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ ԝPPP
㧔3㧕⋙ኤ✚⋙ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩ⋙ኤ Ԙ⋙ኤ✚⋙ߩ⸳┙ߣᩮⷙቯ
⋙ኤ✚⋙㧔Inspector General㧕ߪޔⴕᐭߩฦᯏ㑐ߩౝㇱߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡࠆ⁛┙ߩᯏ㑐ߢ
ࠆޕ߆ࠄ⚂30ᐕ೨ߦޔᐭߩਥⷐ⋭ᐡߦ߅ߡౝㇱ⛔ߩ፣უ⁁ᴫ߇⬧ᑧߒޔᐭో
ߣߒߡߩ⺈ታᕈ߿⺑⽿છߦ⇼⟵߇↢ߓߚߎߣ߇߈ߞ߆ߌߣߥߞߡ⸳⟎ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ ߞߚ߽ߩߢࠆ
47
ޕ1978ᐕߦ⋙ኤ✚⋙ᴺ㧔Inspector General Act of 1978㧕߇ᣉⴕߐࠇޔ⋭ᐡ
ౝߦ⁛┙ߒߚᯏ㑐ߣߒߡߩ⋙ኤ✚⋙߮ߘߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߢࠆ⋙ኤ✚⋙ቶ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚޕห ᴺߪ1988ᐕߦᡷᱜߐࠇޔዊⷙᮨߥઁߩ⁛┙ᯏ㑐ߦኻߒߡ߽⋙ኤ✚⋙߮⋙ኤ✚⋙ቶ߇⸳ߌ ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚޕ
ԙ⋙ኤ✚⋙ߩછ
⋙ኤ✚⋙ߪޔᄢ⛔㗔߹ߚߪᒰᯏ㑐ߩ㐳ቭߦࠃߞߡછߐࠇࠆޕ⋭ᐡ߮ߘࠇߦᰴߋਥ ⷐᯏ㑐ߩ⋙ኤ✚⋙ߪޔ㒮ߩഥ⸒ߣᛚߦၮߠ߈ᄢ⛔㗔߇છߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔ⸃
છߢ߈ࠆߩ߽ᄢ⛔㗔ߩߺߢࠆޕ৻ᣇޔਥⷐ⋭ᐡએᄖߩᯏ㑐ߦߟߡߪޔᒰᯏ㑐ߩ㐳ቭ ߇ᯏ㑐ߩੱຬ⊓↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞߦᴪߞߡછߒޔ⸃છߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᄢ⛔㗔߹ߚߪᯏ 㑐ߩ㐳ቭ߇⋙ኤ✚⋙ࠍォ☋߹ߚߪ⸃છߔࠆ႐วߦߪޔォ☋߹ߚߪ⸃છߩ30ᣣ೨߹ߢߦℂ↱
ࠍᦠ㕙ߢਔ㒮ߦឭߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆ
48
ޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦછᮭࠍᄢ⛔㗔߹ߚߪᯏ㑐ߩ㐳ቭߦ
㒢ߔࠆߎߣߢޔ⋙ኤ✚⋙ߪᯏ㑐ߩౝㇱߦࠅߥ߇ࠄ⁛┙ߒߚ⚵❱ߣߒߡ⛽ᜬߐࠇߡࠆޕ
Ԛ⋙ኤ✚⋙ߩ⋡⊛ߣᓎഀ
⋙ኤ✚⋙ᴺ߇ⷙቯߔࠆ⋙ኤ✚⋙ቶߩ⋡⊛ߪޔฦ⋭ᐡ߇ታᣉߔࠆࡊࡠࠣࡓߣᬺോߦ߅
ߡޔ⚻ᷣᕈޔല₸ᕈޔലᕈࠍଦㅴߐߖࠆߚߩ⺞ᢛࠍⴕޔ㗴ὐ߿ᰳ㒱ࠍࠄ߆ߦߔ ࠆߎߣߢࠆޕߘߒߡޔߎࠇࠄߩ㗴ὐ߿ᰳ㒱ࠍᤚᱜߔࠆߚߩචಽߥᖱႎࠍ⚵❱ߩ㐳߿
⼏ળߦኻߒߡᤨቱࠍᓧߚႎ๔ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߍࠄࠇߡࠆ
49
ޕߐࠄߦ⋙ኤ✚⋙ᴺߢߪౕ
⊛ߥᓎഀࠍએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ␜ߒޔߎࠇࠄࠍGAO ߩၮḰߣᢛวߐߖߟߟ߽ޔGAO ߣߩᬺോߩ
㊀ⶄࠍㆱߌޔല₸⊛ߦታᣉߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞ߡࠆޕ
a) ฦ⋭ᐡߩࡊࡠࠣࡓߣᬺോߦ㑐ଥߔࠆ⋙ᩏߣᝡᩏߦߟߡ╷ߩᣇะᕈࠍ␜ߒޔᜰ
␜ޔ⋙〈ޔ⺞ᢛࠍⴕ߁ޕ
b) ⋭ᐡߩࡊࡠࠣࡓߣᬺോߦ㑐ଥߔࠆᣢሽߩޔࠆߪឭ᩺ߐࠇߚᴺߣⷙߦߟ
ߡ⹏ଔࠍⴕ߁ޕ߹ߚޔඨᦼႎ๔ᦠౝߦ߅ߡޔࡊࡠࠣࡓ߮ᬺോ▤ℂߩ⚻ᷣᕈߣ ല₸ᕈޔਇᱜ߿ᶉ⾌ߩ㒐ᱛ߿⊒ߦᴺ߿ⷙ߇ਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ߦߟߡឭ᩺ࠍⴕ߁ޕ c) ࡊࡠࠣࡓ߿ᬺോߦ߅ߌࠆ▤ℂߦ߅ߡ⚻ᷣᕈ߿ല₸ᕈࠍଦㅴߒޔਇᱜ߿ᶉ⾌ࠍ㒐 ᱛ⊒ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆᵴേߩߚߦ╷ࠍផᅑߒޔหᵴേߦ߅ߌࠆᜰ␜ޔ
47 GAO㧔1999㧕, “INSPECTORS GENERAL Enhancing Federal Accountability”
48 Inspector General Act of 1978 Sec.3(a)߮㧔b㧕ޔSec.8G(c)߮(e)
49 Inspector General Act of 1978 Sec.2
⺞ᩏޔࠆߪ⺞ᢛࠍⴕ߁ޕ
d) ᚲ ዻ ߔ ࠆ ⋭ ᐡ ߣ ઁ ⋭ ᐡ ޔ Ꮊ ᐭ ޔ ᣇ ᐭ ޔ 㕖 ᐭ ⚵ ❱ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ 㑐 ଥ ߦ ߟ ߡޔ 㧔A㧕⚻ᷣᕈ߿ല₸ᕈࠍଦㅴߔࠆߎߣޔࠆߪਇᱜ߿ᶉ⾌ࠍ㒐߉⊒ߔࠆߎߣߦ 㑐ㅪߔࠆోߡߩ㗄ޔ㧔B㧕ߘߩࠃ߁ߥਇᱜ߿ᶉ⾌ߩ㑐ଥ⠪ߦߟߡߩ․ቯ߿⸷
ߦߟߡޔ╷ࠍផᅑߒޔᜰ␜ޔ⺞ᩏޔࠆߪ⺞ᢛࠍⴕ߁ޕ
e) ႎ๔ᦠ߿ߘߩઁߩᚻᲑߦࠃࠅޔࡊࡠࠣࡓߣᬺോߩ▤ℂߦ㑐ࠊࠆਇᱜ߿ઁߩ㊀ᄢߥ
㗴ޔᶉ⾌ޔਇ⿷ߦߟߡޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥ㗴ߦኻᔕߔࠆᤚᱜភ⟎ߣᤚᱜភ⟎ߩㅴ
ᐲߦߟߡ⚵❱ߩ㐳ߣ⼏ળߦኻߒߡචಽߢㅦ߿߆ߥᖱႎࠍឭଏߔࠆޕ
ԛ⋙ኤ✚⋙ߩᬺോౝኈ
⋙ኤ✚⋙ߩᬺോౝኈࠍᢛℂߒߚ߽ߩ߇એਅߩ࿑ߢࠆޕᬺോౝኈࠍᄢߔࠆߣޔ⋙ᩏޔ ᬌᩏޔᝡᩏߣߥࠆޕ
࿑ ⋙ኤ✚⋙ߩਥⷐᬺോ
⋙ ᩏ (audit)
⽷ോ⻉ ߩ⋙ᩏ
৻⥸ߦࠄࠇߚᐭᬌᩏၮḰߦၮߠߡ⽷ോ⻉߇⽷ോ⁁ᴫޔᬺോߩ⚿ᨐޔࠠࡖ࠶ࠪ
ࡘࡈࡠࠍㆡಾߦ␜ߒߡࠆ߆ߦߟߡวℂ⊛ߥ⸽ࠍⴕ߁ޕ
⽷ോ㑐ㅪ ߩ⋙ᩏ
1㧕⽷ോᖱႎ߇ၮḰߦᴪߞߡ␜ߐࠇߡࠆ߆ޔ2㧕⽷ോߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ․ቯߩㆩⷐ᳞㗄ߦ ᓥߞߡࠆ߆ޔ3㧕⽷ോႎ๔߿⾗↥▤ℂߦ㑐ߔࠆౝㇱ⛔ߩ᭴ㅧߪ⛔ߩ⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆ ࠃ߁ߦㆡಾߦ⸳⸘ታᣉߐࠇߡࠆ߆ߦߟߡ⋙ᩏࠍⴕ߁ޕ
ᬺ❣⋙ᩏ ᬺ❣⋙ᩏߪޔ⚻ᷣᕈ߮ല₸ᕈ⋙ᩏޔࡊࡠࠣࡓ⋙ᩏޔࡊࡠࠣࡓ⹏ଔࠍޕ
⚻ᷣᕈ߮ല₸ᕈ⋙ᩏߪޔ1)⾗Ḯࠍ⚻ᷣ⊛߮ല₸⊛ߦขᓧߒޔ⛽ᜬߒޔ↪ߒߡ
ࠆ߆ޔ2)㕖 ല ₸ޔ㕖 ⚻ᷣ ⊛ ߥᬺോ ߩේ ࿃ ޔ3)⚻ ᷣᕈ ߣ ല₸ᕈ ߦߟ ߡᴺᓞ ߿ⷙ ߦᓥߞ ߚ߆ޔߦߟߡ್ᢿߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
ࡊࡠࠣࡓ⋙ᩏߪ 1㧕┙ᴺᐭ߿ઁߩᛚਥߦࠃࠅ⸳ቯߐࠇߚࡊࡠࠣࡓߦ߅ߡᦸ
߹ࠇߚ ⚿ᨐ ߣ ଢ⋉߇ ߤߩ ⒟ ᐲᓧࠄ ࠇߚ ߆ ޔ2)⚵ ❱ޔ ࡊ ࡠࠣ ࡓޔ ᵴ േޔᯏ ⢻ߩ ല ᨐޔ3) ࡊࡠࠣࡓߦലജࠍ⊒ߔࠆ㊀ⷐߥᴺᓞ߿ⷙೣߦᓥߞߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߦߟߡቯߔࠆޕ
ࡊࡠࠣࡓ⹏ଔߪߤߩ⒟ᐲࡊࡠࠣࡓ߇ᯏ⢻ߒߡࠆ߆ߦߟߡߩᦼ⊛ޔ⚵❱⊛ߦ ⴕࠊࠇࠆ⺞ᩏߢࠆޕࡊࡠࠣࡓ⹏ଔߪޔ1)ᗧ࿑ߐࠇߚࠃ߁ߦࡊࡠࠣࡓ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ
ࠆ߆ ޔ2)ࠕ ࠙࠻ࠞ ࡓᜰ ะ ߩ⋡ᮡ ࠍߤ ߩ ⒟ᐲ㆐ ᚑߒ ߚ ߆ޔ3)ࡊࡠ ࠣ ࡓ߇ ሽ ߒ ߥ႐ วߩផቯߣᲧセߒޔࡊࡠࠣࡓߩ⚐ലᨐߦߟߡ⹏ଔޔ4)ࡊࡠࠣࡓߩࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߣ ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓࠍ⾌↪ߣߩᲧセࠍ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
ᬌ ᩏ (inspection)
⋙ᩏ߹ߚߪᝡᩏએᄖߩ߽ߩߢޔࡊࡠࠣࡓߣ⋭ᐡߩᵴേߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔޔࡆࡘޔ⎇ⓥޔಽᨆࠍ⋡⊛
ߣߔࠆ߽ߩޕᗧᕁቯߩߚߦ▤ℂ⠪ߦᖱႎࠍឭଏߒޔࡊࡠࠣࡓ߿╷ޔ⚻ㆊޔ▤ℂᵴേߦᡷༀࠍ ଦߔߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆޕ
ᬌᩏߪޔታߦၮߠߊಽᨆ⊛ߥᖱႎޔࠦࡦࡊࠗࠕࡦࠬߩ⋙ⷞޔᬺ❣⹏ଔޔᬺോߩല₸ᕈߣലᕈߩ
⹏ଔޔਇᱜ߿ᶉ⾌ޔỬ↪ޔࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆࡒࠬ╬ߦኻߔࠆ⺞ᩏࠍޕ ᝡ ᩏ (investigation)
ࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ߿⸥㍳ߩ⺞ᩏޔߘߩઁߩኾ㐷⊛ߥ⺞ᩏᛛⴚ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚ㑐ଥ߇ᷓߊޔቴⷰ⊛ߢචಽߥ
ታߣ⸽ߦߟߡ⸘↹ߐࠇߚ♽⊛ߥ⺞ᩏޕ ᝡᩏߪⴕޔ᳃ޔೃߢࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆޕ
⋙ኤ✚⋙߇ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᝡᩏࠍታᣉߔࠆߚߦޔ⋙ኤ✚⋙ᴺߦࠃࠅᒝᝡᩏᮭ߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ
⾗ᢱ㧕GAO㧔1999㧕,”INSPECTORS GENERAL information on Operational and Staffing Issues”ߦၮߠ߈ਃ⪉
UFJࠨ࠴㧒ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹ࠖࡦࠣᚑ
એਅߩ࿑ߢߪޔ⋙ኤ✚⋙ߦࠃࠆᒰⴕᯏ㑐߳ߩ⋙ኤߩ߁ߜޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߳ߩ⸒ࠍ⋙ኤࠍ⚫ߔࠆޕ
࿑ ☨࿖⋙ኤ✚⋙ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ╬ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚ⋙ኤ
50
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
1 2004
Acquisition of the CH-47F Improved Cargo Helicopter
CH47ᡷ⦟ဳ
⽻‛ࡋࠦࡊ
࠲ߩ⺞㆐
CH47ᡷ⦟ဳ⽻‛ࡋࠦࡊ࠲ߩ
⺞㆐ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡࠆァ㑐ଥ⠪ߦኻ ߒޔ⺞㆐ߩ್ᢿ⾗ᢱߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ
⋡⊛ߦᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕ
⽻‛ࡋࠦࡊ࠲ߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࡑ ࡀࠫࡖߪ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍⴕߞߡ
ߥߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
ႎ๔ᦠߩౝኈߦ㑐ଥㇱ⟑߇หᗧ ߒߡ߅ࠅޔࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍട߃ࠆᔅ ⷐߪߥޕ
ԛ㒐ⴡ⺞㆐
2 2006
Acquisition: Air Force
Procurement of 60K Tunner Cargo Loader Contractor Logistics Support
ޣ☨࿖㧟ޤ
ⓨァߦ߅ߌࠆ
⽻‛ㆇ៝ᄾ⚂
ߦࠃࠆ‛ᵹᡰ
េߩ⺞㆐
ⓨァߪ2004ᐕߦᄢဳ⥶ⓨᯏߦ⽻
‛ࠍⓍㄟᯏ᪾ࠍSystems &
Electronicsᩣᑼળ␠ߣ㧤ᐕ㑆ߩ⁛
භᄾ⚂ࠍ⚿ࠎߢ߅ࠅޔ✚㗵1.58ం
࠼࡞ߩᡰ߇ᗐቯߐࠇߡࠆޕᧄ ႎ๔ᦠߪߎߩᄾ⚂ౝኈ߿ࡊࡠࠬ
㧔⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍ㧕ࠍࡆࡘ
ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
33ᐕ㑆ߢ✚㗵17ం࠼࡞ߩᄾ⚂ࠍ␜
ߒߚDruyun൘๔ߦઍࠊࠅޔⓨァߪ Systems & Electronics␠ߣ8ᐕ㑆ߢ✚
㗵1.58ం࠼࡞ޔᐕᐔဋ1,980ਁ࠼࡞
ߩන⁛ᄾ⚂ࠍ⚿߮ޔߎࠇߪ൘๔ߩ
5,150ਁ࠼࡞ࠍᄢߦਅ࿁ߞߡ
ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ8ᐕ㑆ߩゞਔୃℂ⾌
4,720ਁ࠼࡞ߪޔᶏ㓌ߣⓨァߩ⾌
↪ಽᨆߢߪޔߎࠇࠃࠅ1,970ਁ࠼࡞
2,750ਁߣផ⸘ߒߡࠆޕⓨァ ߪߎߩㇱಽߩᄾ⚂ࠍ⋥ߔᔅⷐ߇
ࠆߣ⚿⺰ઃߌߡࠆޕ
ⓨァߢߪᧄႎ๔ᦠߩ൘๔ࠍฃߌ
ࠇޔⓍㄟ↪ᯏ᪾ߩୃℂᎿ⒟ߥ ߤߩᄾ⚂ߦߟߡ⋥ߔߎߣࠍ ᬌ⸛ߒߡࠆޕ
ԛ㒐ⴡ⺞㆐
3 2007
Information Technology Management and Use of the Defense Travel System
IT▤ℂߣ࠺ࠖ
ࡈࠚࡦࠬ࠻
ࡌ࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ ߩ↪
ァߢߪ⡯ຬ߇ᒛߥߤߢല₸⊛ߦ
⒖േߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦDefense Travel System 㧔DTS)ࠍዉߒߡ↪ߒ ߡ߈ߚޕ⼏ળߢߪߎߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ 21♿ߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣᝒ߃ߡ
ߚ߇ޔߢߪ೨ߦᗐቯߒߡ
ߚଢ⋉߇ታߒߡߥߩߢߪ ߣ ᔨߐࠇߡࠆޕߎߩߚޔ⼏
ળ߆ࠄߩⷐ⺧ࠍฃߌޔDTS߇⚻⾌
ߩᷫߦലߢߞߚ߆ࠍࡆࡘ
ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ ߡࠆޕ
ァߢߪDTSߩ⾌↪ኻലᨐߦᔅⷐߥ
⒖േ࠺࠲߿ߘߩઁᢥᦠߦࠃࠆ⺑
ࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߡߥޕߎߩ⚿ᨐޔ DTSߩㆇ↪߿⸳ᛩ⾗ߪߎ߁ߒߚᖱ ႎࠍ〯߹߃ߕߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚޕߒ߆
߽ޔ⏕ߒߚ27▎ᚲߩ߁ߜ㧡▎ᚲ ߢߪDTS߇ᢛߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕޔDTS ߩଢ⋉߇ァోߢታߢ߈ࠆⅣႺ߇ ᢛߐߡߥߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚޕ
㑐ଥㇱ⟑ߦኻߔࠆ൘๔ߣߒߡ ߪޔDTSߩᬌ⸽߇⚳ࠊࠅޔ
ߦDTSߩㆇ↪ࠍ⛮⛯ߔࠆߩߢ
ࠇ߫ޔ㑐ଥ⋭ᐡߣ⺞ᢛߒߥ߇ ࠄᚢ⇛⸘↹ࠍ╷ቯߔࠆߎߣޔ㐳 ᦼߣ⍴ᦼߩ⋡ᮡ⸳ቯࠍⴕߥ߇ ࠄ↪₸100㧑ࠍታߔࠆߚ
ߩ⸘↹╷ቯࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ╬ࠍᜰ៰ ߒߡࠆޕߥ߅ޔ2006ᐕ10 13ᣣޔᧄႎ๔ᦠߦኻߔࠆ 㑐ଥᯏ㑐߆ࠄߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߪነߖ ࠄࠇߡߥޕ
ԛ㒐ⴡ⺞㆐
50
ಽ㘃ߪޔએਅߩ╷ಽ㊁ಽ㘃ߦၮߠߡࠆޕԘ␠ળ⾗ᧄޔԙ㒐ἴޔԚⅣႺޔԛ㒐ⴡ⺞㆐ޔԜߘߩઁޔԝPPP
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
⋙ኤߩ⋡⊛ ⋙ኤ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
4 2007
Improved Management Practices Needed to Increase Use of Exchange Network
ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢ
឵↪ߩჇ ടߦߪޔࡑࡀ
ࠫࡔࡦ࠻ᡷༀ ߩታ〣߇ᔅⷐ
ⅣႺ⼔ᐡ㧔EPA㧕ߪ2007ᐕ1
એ㒠48Ꮊߣᖱႎ឵ࠍᒝൻߔ ࠆߚߦ1.62ం࠼࡞ᛩ⾗ߒߡࡀ࠶
࠻ࡢࠢߩ᭴▽ࠍㅴߡ߈ߚޕ EPA߇ߎࠇ߹ߢⴕߞߡ߈ߚദജߦ ߟߡޔࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߩ↪₸ߩ ะߣ⸃╷ޔᚢ⇛⸘↹ߢ⹏ଔߔ ࠆߚߩᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ޔㆇ↪⾌↪ߩ
ᷫദജߣᕈ⢻ߩะߣߞߚⷰ
ὐ߆ࠄ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ
ࠆޕ
EPAߢߪࡄ࠻࠽ࠪ࠶ࡊ᭴▽ߩദ ജ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ߇ޔࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢ
ߩ↪ࠍㅴࠆߚߦߪᡷༀߔߴ߈ ὐ߽ࠆޕᛩ⾗ߩലᨐࠍ᷹ࠆᜰᮡߩ 㐿⊒ࠍᒝൻߒޔᣂߚߥࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩዉ
߿ᕈ⢻ߩะࠍㅴࠆߦ㓙ߒߡ⾌
↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍዉߔߴ߈ߢࠆޕ
ᚲ▤ㇱ⟑ߦએਅߩ൘๔ࠍⴕߞ ߚޕᚑߒߚ⸘↹ࠍታᣉߔࠆߎ ߣޔࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢߩ࠺࠲ᵹㅢ ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣޔࡀ࠶࠻ࡢࠢ
ߩࡄࡈࠜࡑࡦࠬࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᜰ
ᮡߩ㐿⊒ߥߤࠍ൘๔ߒߚޕEPA ߪႎ๔ᦠߩౝኈߣ൘๔ߦߪหᗧ ߒߡࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ Ԝߘߩઁ
5 2008
EPA Should Further Limit Use of Cost-Plus-Award-Fee Contracts
EPAߪࠦࠬ
࠻ࡊࠬ
ࠕࡢ࠼ࡈ
ࠖᄾ⚂ߩ
↪ࠍߐࠄߦ
㒢ߔߴ߈
EPAߢߪޔᄾ⚂⠪ߩദജࠍᒁ߈
ߔߚߦࠦࠬ࠻ࡊࠬࠕࡢ
࠼ࡈࠖᄾ⚂㧔 Cost-plus-award-fee : CPAF㧕ࠍ↪ߒߡ߈ߚ߇ޔ ㄭᐕߎߩᄾ⚂ߩ↪߇ૐਅߒߡ߈ ߡࠆޕᧄⓂߪޔEPA߇ㆡಾߥ CPAFᄾ⚂ߦ߅ߡࠕࡢ࠼ࡈ
ࠖࠍㆡ↪ߒߚߩ߆ޔߎߩᄾ⚂ࠬ
࠲ࠗ࡞ࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢലߥᚑ ᨐࠍ㆐ᚑߒߚߩ߆ޔචಽߦCPAF ᄾ⚂ࠍࡆࡘߒߡ߈ߚߩ߆ߣ
ߞߚⷰὐߦߟߡᬌ⸽ߒߡࠆޕ
EPAߪᬌ⸽ߒߚ9ઙߩᄾ⚂ߢޔㆊ
10ᐕ㑆ߦ1600ਁ࠼࡞ߩࠕࡢ࠼
ࡈࠖࠍᡰᛄߞߡ߈ߚ߇ޔઁߩᄾ⚂
ߣᲧߴߡ㜞ࡄࡈࠜࡑࡦࠬࠍ␜ߔ ᄾ⚂ߪߥޕEPAߪ5ߟߩᄾ⚂ߢ EPAߩⷙቯࠃࠅ3㧑㜞ࡈࠖࠍ⸳
ቯߒߡ߅ࠅޔ੍ቯࠃࠅᣧߊ⚳ੌߒߚ 2ߟߩᄾ⚂ߢߪ10ਁ࠼࡞ޔ76ਁ࠼
࡞߇ㆊᄢߦᡰᛄࠊࠇߡࠆߎߣߥߤ ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚޕ
EPAߪCPAFᄾ⚂ߩ೨ߦ⾌↪
ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ࠃ߁ߦᄾ⚂ⷐ✁
ࠍᡷቯߔࠆ߹ߢCPAFᄾ⚂ߩ
↪㒢ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ൘๔ߒߚޕ CPAFᄾ⚂ࠍ↪ߔࠆ႐วߦߪ ࠕࡢ࠼ࡈࠖࠍቯߔࠆ᧦
ઙࠍ߽ߞߣౕ⊛ߦᢥᦠൻߔࠆ ߎߣࠍ൘๔ߒߚޕEPAߪ൘๔ ߦᄢ╭หᗧߒߡࠆ߇ޔCPAF ᄾ⚂ߩ◲⚛ൻߥߤߦߪ⺰ߒߚ ߚޔᦨ⚳ႎ๔ߩᚑ߹ߢߦ൘ ๔ߩ৻ㇱߪୃᱜߐࠇߚޕ
Ԝߘߩઁ
㧔3㧕ᬌᩏ⋙ኤߩ⚦ಽᨆ
ޣ☨࿖㧝ޤળ⸘ᬌᩏߦ߅ߌࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᬌ⸽ᣇᴺ
What to Look for in Auditing Cost-Benefit Studies
GAO
1972ᐕ
http://archive.gao.gov/f1010/091045.pdfعⷐ
ࡊࡠࠣࡓ⹏ଔ߳ߩ࠾࠭ߩ㜞߹ࠅߦࠃࠅޔGAO ⺞ᩏቭߦߪ⾌↪ലᨐಽᨆ߿⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽ ᨆࠍ♖ᩏߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߦߥߞߡ߈ߡࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔหಽᨆߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀ⷐߥ㕙߿ޔ⦟
ಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߚߩ․⾰ࠍ⸃⺑ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ㩷
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᬌᩏࠍⴕ߁ߦ㓙ߒߡᔅⷐߣߥࠆᬌᩏ㗄⋡ߣߒߡޔԘ⋡⊛ޔԙઍᦧ᩺ޔԚ ೨ឭ᧦ઙޔԛ᧪ߩⅣႺޔԜਥⷐ࿃ޔԝណ↪ࡕ࠺࡞ޔԞᗵᐲಽᨆޔԟᲧセߩⷐὐࠍ⸃⺑ߒ ߡࠆޕ㩷
GAO⡯ຬะߌߩࡐ࠻ࠁ߃ޔઁ⋭ᐡߦኻߔࠆ൘๔╬ߪߥޕ㩷
عౝኈ Ԙ⋡⊛
ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⋡⊛ߪޔ㗴⺖㗴ࠍ⏕߆ߟㆡಾߦ␜ߒߡࠆ߆ޕⶄᢙߩઍᦧ᩺ߦߟ
ߡ⋡⊛ߦᾖࠄߒߚቯ㊂⊛ߥᜰᮡ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆ߆ޕ
⺖㗴ࠍᤋߒߚ㗴ߩ․ቯߪޔታߦߪ࿎㔍ߢࠆޕߘࠇߪޔታߩ㗴߇ᄢ߈ߎߣ ߦ࿃ߔࠆޕታߩ㗴ߪޔᴺ⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺߩᬌ⸛ߦ߅ߡޔߒ߫ߒಽᢿߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠅޔ ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡಽᨆࠍ⽺ᒙߥ߽ߩߦߥߞߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߇ࠆޕߥ߅ޔ⋡⊛ߪ⏕ߦឭ␜ߐࠇޔ ߆ߟઍᦧ᩺ߩ⽸₂ᐲว߇⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ޔቯ㊂⊛ߥᜰᮡ߇⸳ቯߐࠇߡߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ
ޕ
ԙઍᦧ᩺
ਥߚࠆઍᦧ᩺߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆ߆ޕ
ಽᨆߦ߅ߡߪޔ᳞ࠄࠇࠆࠃࠅ⦟ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇໑৻ߩઍᦧ᩺ߦߥߞߡࠆߎߣ߇ᄙߊޔ
৻ᣇߢⴕߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ⺖㗴⸃ߦะߌߡⷐ᳞ࠍḩߚߔߎߣ߇᧪ߥޔߣߩℂ↱ߢ⣉ਅ ߐࠇࠆޕ߹ߚޔࠃࠅ⦟ㆬᛯ⢇߇ઁߩᚲ▤ߢࠆߣߩℂ↱ߩߺߢ᫈ළߐࠇࠆߎߣ߽ࠆޕ GAOߩᬌᩏߢߪޔ㗴ߦ㑐ࠊࠆㇱಽ߿ઍᦧ᩺ߩᡷༀߦᵈജߔߴ߈ߢޔߘߩઁߩ㗴ߦߪ㑐 ਈߔߴ߈ߢߪߥޕ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ⦟ᬌᩏߪޔㆡಾߥઍᦧ᩺ࠍಽᨆߔࠆߩߺ ߥࠄߕޔઁߩࠃࠅ⦟ㆬᛯ⢇ߩឭ␜߽ⷞ㊁ߦࠇࠆߴ߈ߢࠆޕ
Ԛ೨ឭ᧦ઙ
ਥߥ೨ឭ᧦ઙ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆ߆ޕ߹ߚޔߘࠇࠄߪ㊀ⷐߥ㗴⺖㗴ߦߟߡ⸅ࠇࠄࠇߡ
ࠆ߆ޕ
ᄢⷙᮨߥ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߡߪޔⶄᢙߩ೨ឭ᧦ઙߩਅߢታᣉߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆޕᦨ߽㊀ ⷐߥ೨ឭ᧦ઙߪޔઁߩㆬᛯᨑߩᬌ⸛ߦ߅ߡ߽ห᭽ߦᛒࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ ᬌ⸛ߦ߅ߡߪޔ㊀ⷐߥ೨ឭ᧦ઙߩᬌ⸛ࠍ߽ߩߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޕ
ԛ᧪ߩⅣႺ
໑৻ߩ᧪ⅣႺ߇․ቯߐࠇޔಽᨆߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ߆ޔߘࠇߣ߽ਇ⏕ታߥ᧪ࠍㅢߒ ߡޔⶄᢙߩઍᦧ⊛ߥ⁁ᴫ߇ขᛒࠊࠇߡࠆ߆ޕ
᧪ߩⅣႺߪ 1 ߟߩ೨ឭ᧦ઙߢࠆ߇ޔߘࠇࠄ߇ㄭᐕߩ࠺࠲߿⺰ℂ⊛ߥ᭴ᚑߦࠃߞߡ ᡰ߃ࠄࠇߡࠆߎߣ߇ᦸ߹ߒޕᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥߎߣߪޔ᧪ߪਇ⏕ታߢࠆߎߣޔታߦߪ
ቯߐࠇߚ᧪ⅣႺߪታߒߦߊߎߣޔߢࠆޕߘߩߚޔታ⊛ߦߎࠅᓧࠆ⁁ᴫߣޔ ߘࠇߦኻߔࠆታ⊛ߦࡌࠬ࠻ߥኻᔕࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆޕ
Ԝਥⷐ࿃
㎛ߣߥࠆਥⷐ࿃ߦߟߡ⏕ߦߐࠇޔಽᨆߦ߅ߡᛒࠊࠇߡࠆ߆ޕᚗߪޔ࿕ቯൻߐ ࠇߡࠆޔ⧯ߒߊߪήⷞߐࠇߡࠆ߆ޕ
ਥⷐ࿃ߣߪޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆᐲ⧯ߒߊߪⅣႺߦ㑐ߔࠆࡄࡔ࠲ࠍᗧ
ߔࠆޕታߦߪ೨ߦ߇ਥⷐ࿃ߣߥࠅᓧࠆߩ߆ࠍ․ቯߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ ಽᨆߢߪߘࠇࠄࠍࠄ߆ߦߒߡޔߘߩᓇ㗀ࠍႎ๔ᦠߩਛޔ⧯ߒߊߪᷝߦ߅ߡ․ቯߒߥ ߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥޕ
ԝណ↪ࡕ࠺࡞
ಽᨆߦ߅ߡ㎛ߣߥࠆਥⷐ࿃ࠍขᛒߞߡࠆ߆ޕⅣႺᄌൻ߳ߩኻᔕࠍⷞ㊁ߦࠇߡࠆ ߆ޕ߹ߚޔㆡಾߥଢ⋉⾌↪ߩᜰᮡ߇↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ߆ޕ
1 ߟߩಽᨆࡕ࠺࡞ߢޔోߡߩਥⷐ࿃ޔઍᦧ᩺ߦߟߡޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦ㑐ࠊࠆᜰᮡࠍ⸳
ቯߒߡಽᨆߒߡࠆߪዋߥޕㅢᏱޔ⾌↪ಽᨆߦߟߡߪޔᄌേⷐ࿃ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡޔ
┙ߡߢࠃࠅ⚦ߦಽᨆߔߴ߈ߢࠆޕಽᨆࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔߎࠇࠄࠍ〯߹߃ߚ߽ߩߢࠆߎߣ ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆޕ
Ԟᗵᐲಽᨆ
ㆬᛯ⢇ߩᬌ⸛ߦ߅ߡޔⶄᢙߩਥⷐ࿃ߩਇ⏕ታߩⷐ࿃ߦᾖࠄߒߚಽᨆ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡࠆ ߆ޕ
ᗵᐲಽᨆߪޔ㎛ߣߥࠆਥⷐ࿃߿ߘߩઁߩᓇ㗀ᐲวࠍၮߦޔ⾌↪߿ଢ⋉߳ߩᓇ㗀ᐲว
ࠍ․ቯߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕㅢᏱޔಽᨆߦ↪ߚᩭߣߥࠆಽᨆࡕ࠺࡞ޔࠨࡉࡕ࠺࡞ޔ㑐ㅪಽᨆ ࠍኻ⽎ߦಽᨆ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆޕ
ԟᲧセߩⷐὐ
ⶄᢙߩઍᦧ᩺ߦߟߡޔ⾌↪ᒰߚࠅߩലᕈޔ߹ߚലᕈනᒰߚࠅߩ⾌↪߇ಽᨆߐࠇ ߡࠆ߆ޕ
ઍᦧ᩺ߩਛߢߩ⾌↪ޔലᨐ߇⇣ߥࠆ႐วߦߪޔߘߩㆬᛯߪ࿎㔍ߣߥࠆޕߘߩ㓙ߦߪޔㅊ ട⊛ߥࡄࡈࠜࡑࡦࠬߩᡷༀߦޔߤߩ⒟ᐲߩ⾌↪߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆߩ߆߇㎛ߣߥࠆޕߘߩߚޔ ಽᨆߦ߅ߡߪޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ߩߕࠇ߆ࠍ࿕ቯߒߡⴕ߁ߴ߈ߢࠆޕ
ޣ☨࿖㧞ޤࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞⸘↹ߩߚߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ
Cost-Benefit Analysis Used in Support of the Space Shuttle Program
GAO 1972ᐕ㧔B-173677㧕 http://archive.gao.gov/f0302/096542.pdf
عⷐ
ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞⸘↹ߩ⚻ᷣᕈߦߟߡޔNASA ߇ Mathematica ␠ߦᆔ⸤ߒߡታᣉߒߚ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩౝኈࠍ 3 ߟߩઍᦧ᩺ࠍឭ␜ߒߡਥߦ⾌↪㕙ࠍਛᔃߦ♖ᩏߒߡࠆޕౕ⊛
ߦߪޔGAO߇⾌↪▚ቯߦ߅ߡᛛⴚޔㆇ↪㕙ߢ․ߦਇ⏕ታߥⷐ࿃ߦߥࠆߣ್ᢿߒߚㇱಽߦ ὶὐࠍᒰߡޔᒰⷐ࿃ߦߟߡᗵᐲಽᨆߦࠃࠆࠪࡒࡘ࡚ࠪࡦ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡࠆޕ
ع⚻✲
1972 ᐕ ߦ ⥶ ⓨ ቝ ቮ ዪ 㧔NASA㧕 ߇ ታ ᣉ ߒ ߚ ࠬ ࡍ ࠬ ࠪ ࡖ ࠻ ࡞ ⸘ ↹ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ޔ Walter F. Mondale㒮⼏ຬߩⷐ⺧ߦࠃࠅޔળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮㧔GAO㧕߇ౣᬌ⸽ߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚޕ
㒮⼏ຬ߆ࠄߩⷐ⺧㗄ߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅޕ
⚻ᷣಽᨆߩࡊࡠࠬࠍ⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣޕ
⚻ᷣಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚࠍ⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣޕ
㊀ⷐߥቯࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣޕ߹ߚޔಽᨆߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚ⎇ⓥࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣޕ
ቯ߿ⷐ⚛ߩਇ⏕ታᕈߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓࠆᄌൻߦࠃߞߡᗐቯߐࠇࠆലᨐߩ▸࿐ࠍ․ቯߔࠆ ߎߣޕ
ߎߩⷐ⺧ࠍฃߌߡ GAO ߢߪޔNASA ߇ Mathematica ␠㧔ਅ⺧ߌᬺ⠪ߣߒߡޟAerospace
␠ޠޔޟLockheed Missile and Space␠ޠ㧕ߦᆔ⸤ߒߡታᣉߒߚࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞⸘↹ߩ⾌
↪ଢ⋉ࠍᬌᩏߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚޕ
عᬌᩏᣇᴺ
ᬌᩏߩኻ⽎ߪ NASA ߇ Mathematica ␠ߦᆔ⸤ߒߡታᣉߒߚಽᨆౝኈߢࠆޕߎߩಽᨆౝ
ኈ ߦ ࠃ ࠇ ߫ ޔ ࠬ ࡍ ࠬ ࠪ ࡖ ࠻ ࡞ ߪ ⚻ ᷣ ⊛ ߦ ല ߢ ࠆ ߣ ߩ ⚿ ⺰ ߇ ␜ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߥ ߅ ޔ 1972 ᐕߦ NASA ⥄ࠄ߇ታᣉߒߚ⾌↪ߩផ⸘ౝኈߪᬌᩏߩኻ⽎ߦߪߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕ߹ߚޔ GAO⁛⥄ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߽ታᣉߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ
ߎ ߩ Mathematica ␠ ߩ ಽ ᨆ ߪ ޔ ਅ ⺧ ߌ ᬺ ⠪ ߣ ߒ ߡ Aerospace ␠ ޔLockheed Missile and Space ␠߽㑐ਈߒߡ߅ࠅޔᬌᩏߢߪ NASA ߩᧄㇱ߮ಽᨆߦ㑐ଥߒߚฦ␠߳ߩ⸰⺞ᩏߦ ࠃࠆಽᨆౝኈޔቯޔታᣉㆊ⒟ޔ࠺࠲ߩ⏕ߦࠃࠅታᣉߐࠇߚޕߘߩઁޔ⾌↪▚ቯߦද ജߒߚࡂ࠼࠙ࠚࠕࡔࠞߩ▚ቯౝኈ߽ᬌᩏኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚޕ
ᬌᩏߢߪޔGAO߇⾌↪▚ቯߦ߅ߡᛛⴚޔㆇ↪㕙ߢ․ߦਇ⏕ታߥⷐ࿃ߦߥࠆߣ್ᢿߒߚ ㇱಽߦࡈࠜࠞࠬࠍᒰߡޔᒰⷐ࿃ߦߟߡᗵᐲಽᨆߦࠃࠆࠪࡒࡘ࡚ࠪࡦ߇ታᣉߐࠇ
ߚޕ߹ߚޔ⾌↪ߪଔ୯ߦ឵▚ߐࠇߚ㗵㧔␠ળ⊛ഀᒁ₸ 10㧑ㆡ↪㧕ࠍኻ⽎ߦᲧセಽᨆ ߐࠇߚޕ
عᬌᩏ⚿ᨐ
ߎߩ Mathematica ␠߇ታᣉߒߚಽᨆߪޔᰴߩ 3 ߟߩઍᦧ᩺ߩ✚⾌↪ࠍኻ⽎ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ ࠅޔGAOߩᬌᩏߢߪԚߣߩᲧセߢᗵᐲಽᨆ߇ታᣉߐࠇߚޕ
Ԙⴕߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦࠃࠆታᣉ ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ߦࠃࠆታᣉ
Ԛࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧔1.࿕Άᢱޔ2.ᶧΆᢱ㧕ߦࠃࠆታᣉ
ߥ߅ޔGAOߩಽᨆߢߪޔᏱߦ3ߟߩઍᦧ᩺ߩᲧセࠍⴕߞߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥޕ
Mathematica␠ߩቯ⟵ߦࠃࠆߣޔ✚⾌↪ߣߪޔޟ⊒ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ✚⾌↪ޠ߮ޟᯏ᧚ޔΆ ᢱޔੱຬ╬ߩ✚⾌↪ޠߦࠃߞߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ㧔ਅߩ࿑ߪޔMathematica␠ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ಽᨆߩ
⚿ᨐ㧕ޕߥ߅ޔᬌᩏߢߪޔࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓዉߦࠃࠆᯏ᧚ౣ↪╬ߩㅊട⊛
ߥଢ⋉╬ߪಽᨆߩኻ⽎ߣߪߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ
࿑ Mathematica␠ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐ㧔න10ం࠼࡞㧕 Mathematica␠ផ⸘
NASAផ⸘
࿕Άᢱ ᶧΆᢱ
⊒⾌↪ 16.1 14.6 14.2
ᯏ᧚⾌↪ 26.8 26.8 26.8
✚⾌↪ 42.9 41.4 41.0
ᬌᩏߢߪGAO߇⚻ᷣಽᨆ㧔ਥߦ⾌↪▚ቯ㧕ߦ߅ߡᛛⴚޔㆇ↪㕙ߢ․ߦਇ⏕ታߥⷐ࿃ߦ ߥࠆߣ್ᢿߒߚએਅߩ6ߟߩⷐ࿃ߦࡈࠜࠞࠬࠍᒰߡޔᒰⷐ࿃ߦߟߡᗵᐲಽᨆߦࠃࠆࠪ
ࡒࡘ࡚ࠪࡦ߇ታᣉߐࠇߚޕߎࠇߦࠃߞߡޔ⾌↪Ⴧᷫߩᓇ㗀ࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ᗧ࿑
ߐࠇߚޕߘߩ㓙ߦߪޔࠪࡖ࠻࡞⸘↹߇⚻ᷣ⊛ߦᱜᒰൻߐࠇࠆߚߦߪޔഀᒁ₸10㧑ߢഀࠅ ᒁߚᓟߩଔ୯឵▚ߢޔⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⾌↪㧔172ం࠼࡞㧕ࠍਅ࿁ࠆߎߣ߇ၮḰߣߒߡ
␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
ߥ߅ޔฦᗵᐲಽᨆߪޔࡈࠜࠞࠬࠍᒰߡߚⷐ࿃એᄖߪਇᄌߢࠆߣߩቯߩਅߢታᣉߐ ࠇߡࠆޕ
1㧕⊒ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⾌↪㧦 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞ߩ⊒ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⾌↪Ⴧടⷐ࿃ߪޔ1/3 ߪᛛⴚ
⊛ߥਇ⏕ታᕈߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢޔ1/2 ߪ▸࿐ߩ⋥ߒߦࠃࠆ߽ߩޔߘߒߡᱷࠅߪ⾌↪ផ⸘ߩਇ
⏕ታᕈߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕGAOߪޔߎࠇࠄߩⷐ࿃ࠍൊ᩺ߒߡޔԘⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓޔԙⴕࠪ
ࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ߣߩᲧセߢޔԚ-1 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕Άᢱ㧕ޔԚ-2 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ ࠻ ࡞
㧔ᶧΆᢱ㧕ߩ✚⾌↪ࠍផ⸘ߒߚޕߐࠄߦޔࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞ߩ⊒ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⾌↪߇ 20㧑 Ⴧߩ႐วޔ40㧑Ⴧߩ႐วޔ60㧑Ⴧߩ႐วߩ✚⾌↪߽ផ⸘ߒߚޕ
࿑ ⊒ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⾌↪ߩᄌൻߦࠃࠆᗵᐲಽᨆ㧔න㧦10ం࠼࡞ޔ1970ᐕଔᩰ㧕
㊄ᡰ ଔ୯឵▚㧔10㧑㧕
Ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ 42.0 17.2
ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ 39.8 16.3
Ԛ-1.ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕㧕 35.6 15.8
⸥㧔࿕㧕20%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 38.0 17.0
⸥㧔࿕㧕40%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 40.5 18.2
⸥㧔࿕㧕60%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 42.9 19.4
Ԛ-2.ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧ㧕 35.5 16.0
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕20%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 37.9 17.2
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕40%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 40.3 18.4
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕60%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 42.7 19.6
2㧕ࡈࠗ࠻࿁ᢙ
51
㧦 ห᭽ߦޔࠛࠕࡠࠬࡍࠬ␠ߩ࠺࠲ࠍၮߦ1979ᐕ߆ࠄ 1990ᐕߦ߆ ߌߡޔ514࿁ߩࡈࠗ࠻ޔ624࿁ߩࡈࠗ࠻ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ߩᄌൻࠍޔԘⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߩᲧセ ߢޔԚ-1 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕Άᢱ㧕ޔԚ-2 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧΆᢱ㧕ߦߟߡ✚
⾌↪ࠍផ⸘ߒߚޕߘࠇߙࠇߩ႐วߢޔࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞ߩ⊒ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⾌↪߇ 20㧑Ⴧߩ႐ วޔ40㧑Ⴧߩ႐วޔ60㧑Ⴧߩ႐วߩ⾌↪߽ផ⸘ߒߚ㧔ߎߩᗵᐲಽᨆߢߪޔޟⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ ߩᡷ⦟ޠߣߩᲧセߪታᣉߐࠇߡߥ㧕ޕ
࿑ ࡈࠗ࠻࿁ᢙߩᄌൻߦࠃࠆᗵᐲಽᨆ㧔න㧦10ం࠼࡞ޔ1970ᐕଔᩰ㧕
㊄ᡰ឵▚ ଔ୯឵▚㧔10㧑㧕 Ԙ-1ⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧔514࿁㧕 42.0 17.2 Ԙ-2ⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧔624࿁㧕 47.5 19.1 Ԛ-1-1ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕㧕㧔514࿁㧕 35.6 15.8
⸥㧔࿕㧕20%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 38.0 17.0
⸥㧔࿕㧕40%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 40.5 18.2
⸥㧔࿕㧕60%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 42.9 19.4
Ԛ-2-1ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧ㧕㧔514࿁㧕 35.5 16.0
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕20%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 37.9 17.2
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕40%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 40.3 18.4
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕60%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 42.7 19.6
Ԛ-1-2ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕㧕㧔624࿁㧕 39.4 17.2
⸥㧔࿕㧕20%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 42.1 18.5
⸥㧔࿕㧕40%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 44.7 19.7
⸥㧔࿕㧕60%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 47.4 21.0
Ԛ-2-2ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧ㧕㧔624࿁㧕 39.0 17.2
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕20%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 41.5 18.5
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕40%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 44.1 19.8
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕60%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 46.6 21.0
51 1981 2011 135 133
3㧕NASA ߩࡊࡠࠣࡓᄌᦝ㧦 1972 ᐕߩ NASA ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ಽᨆߢߪࡊࡠࠣࡓᄌᦝߦࠃ ࠆ⾌↪Ⴧട੍᷹߽ߚផ⸘߇ታᣉߐࠇߡߚ߇ޔߎߩផ⸘ᣇᴺ߇NASA ࠃࠅ␜ߐࠇߥ߆ ߞߚߎߣ߮ᒰᤨߩផ⸘ߣ Mathematica␠ߩಽᨆኻ⽎߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔGAO ߩផ⸘
ߦࠃࠅࡊࡠࠣࡓߩᄌᦝߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ಽᨆ㧔ቝቮࠬ࠹࡚ࠪࡦߩೋᦼㆇⴕ⢻ജޔࡈࠗ࠻࿁
ᢙޔ1971ᐕଔ୯߳ߩ឵▚㧕߇ታᣉߐࠇߚޕԘⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߩᲧセߢޔԚ-1ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ
࠻࡞㧔࿕Άᢱ㧕ޔԚ-2 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧΆᢱ㧕ߦߟߡ✚⾌↪ࠍផ⸘ߒߚޕ㧔ߎ ߩᗵᐲಽᨆߢߪޔޟⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ޠߣߩᲧセߪታᣉߐࠇߡߥ㧕
࿑ NASAߩࡊࡠࠣࡓᄌᦝࠍ⾌↪ផ⸘㧔න㧦10ం࠼࡞ޔ1971ᐕଔᩰ㧕
㊄ᡰ ଔ୯ߦ឵▚㧔10㧑㧕
Ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ 48.3 19.5
Ԛ-1ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕㧕 41.4 17.9
⸥㧔࿕㧕20%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 44.1 19.4
⸥㧔࿕㧕40%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 46.8 20.7
⸥㧔࿕㧕60%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 49.5 22.0
Ԛ-2ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧ㧕 40.5 18.4
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕20%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 43.6 19.4
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕40%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 46.2 20.8
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕60%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 48.9 22.3
⊒৻࿁ᒰߚࠅߩ⾌↪㧦 ৻࿁ᒰߚࠅߩ⾌↪ߪ⚻ᷣಽᨆߩ㓙ߩ್ᢿ᧚ᢱߣߒߡ㕖Ᏹߦ
㊀ⷐߣߥࠆޕᗵᐲಽᨆߣߒߡޔԘⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߩᲧセߢޔԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ޔ Ԛ-1 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕Άᢱ㧕ޔԚ-2 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧΆᢱ㧕ߦߟߡ✚
⾌↪ࠍផ⸘ߒߚޕߘߩ㓙ޔ⊒৻࿁ᒰߚࠅߩ⾌↪߽ᄌൻߐߖߚޕ
࿑ ৻࿁ᒰߚࠅߩ⊒⾌↪ផ⸘㧔න㧦10ం࠼࡞ޔ1970ᐕଔᩰ㧕
㊄ᡰ ଔ୯ߦ឵▚
㧔10㧑㧕
Ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧔514࿁㧕 42.0 17.2
ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟㧔514࿁㧕 39.8 16.3 Ԛ-1ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕㧕㧔514࿁㧕 35.6 15.8 ⸥㧔࿕㧕৻࿁ᒰߚࠅ25%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 36.9 16.3 ⸥㧔࿕㧕৻࿁ᒰߚࠅ50%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 38.2 16.8 ⸥㧔࿕㧕৻࿁ᒰߚࠅ75%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 39.5 17.2 ⸥㧔࿕㧕৻࿁ᒰߚࠅ100%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 40.8 17.7 Ԛ-2ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧ㧕㧔514࿁㧕 35.5 16.0 ⸥㧔ᶧ㧕৻࿁ᒰߚࠅ25%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 36.5 16.3 ⸥㧔ᶧ㧕৻࿁ᒰߚࠅ50%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 37.6 16.7 ⸥㧔ᶧ㧕৻࿁ᒰߚࠅ75%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 38.6 17.1 ⸥㧔ᶧ㧕৻࿁ᒰߚࠅ100%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 40.7 17.5
ᯏ᧚ߩㆇⴕ⾌↪㧦 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞ߪޔΆᢱޔࡔࡦ࠹࠽ࡦࠬ⾌↪ࠍᛩߓࠆߎߣߦࠃ
ࠅᯏ᧚ࠍᐲ߽↪ߢ߈ࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩ⾌↪ߩ߁ߜ 40%߇ᄖㇱ߆ࠄߩ⺞㆐ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ
ࠆޕᗵᐲಽᨆߣߒߡޔԘⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣߩᲧセߢޔԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ޔԚ-1 ࠬ ࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕Άᢱ㧕ޔԚ-2 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧΆᢱ㧕ߦߟߡ✚⾌↪ࠍ ផ⸘ߒߚޕߘߩ㓙ޔᯏ᧚ߩㆇⴕ⾌↪߽ᄌൻߐߖߚޕ
࿑ ᯏ᧚ߩㆇⴕ⾌↪ផ⸘㧔න㧦10ం࠼࡞ޔ1970ᐕଔᩰ㧕
㊄ᡰ ଔ୯ߦ឵▚10㧑㧕
Ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ 42.0 17.2
ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ 39.8 16.3
Ԛ-1ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕㧕 35.6 15.8
⸥㧔࿕㧕-50%ߩ⾌↪ᷫ 34.6 15.5
ᄌൻߥߒ 35.5 15.9
⸥㧔࿕㧕50%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 36.7 16.3
⸥㧔࿕㧕100%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 38.0 16.7
Ԛ-2ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧ㧕 35.5 16.0
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕-50%ߩ⾌↪ᷫ 34.4 15.6
ᄌൻߥߒ 35.5 16.0
⸥㧔ᶧ㧕50%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 36.6 16.4
⸥1㧔ᶧ㧕100%ߩ⾌↪Ⴧ 37.9 16.9
ᆔ⸤▸࿐ߩᄌᦝ㧦 ࡂ࠼࠙ࠚࠕࡔࠞߪޔߘࠇߙࠇ߇⇣ߥࠆ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߦࠃࠆ⸳⸘
ࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔฦ␠ߦᔕߓߡ⾌↪߇ᄌࠊࠆޕᗵᐲಽᨆߣߒߡޔԘⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ ߣߩᲧセߢޔԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ޔԚ-1 ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕Άᢱ㧕ޔԚ-2 ࠬࡍ
ࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧΆᢱ㧕ߦߟߡ✚⾌↪ࠍផ⸘ߒߚޕߘߩ㓙ޔᆔ⸤⾌↪ࠍჇᷫߐߖ ߚޕ
࿑ ᆔ⸤▸࿐ߩᄌᦝߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ផ⸘ 㧔න㧦10ం࠼࡞ޔ1970ᐕଔᩰ㧕
㊄ᡰ ଔ୯ߦ឵▚㧔10㧑㧕
Ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ 42.0 17.2
ԙⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷ⦟ 39.8 16.3
Ԛ-1ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔࿕㧕 35.6 15.8
⾌↪ૐਅ 33.1 14.5
⾌↪Ⴧട 38.7 17.1
Ԛ-2ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞㧔ᶧ㧕 35.5 16.0
⾌↪ૐਅ 33.0 14.6
⾌↪Ⴧട 41.6 18.6
ߥ ߅ ޔ ⾌ ↪ ߩ Ⴧ ᷫ ߦ ᓇ 㗀 ߔ ࠆ ޟ ᯏ ᧚ ߩ ౣ ↪ ࿁ ᢙ ޠ ޔ ޟ ৻ ᯏ ᧚ ᒰ ߚ ࠅ ߩ ㆇ ⴕ ࿁ ᢙ ޠ ޔ ޟࡉࠬ࠲ࠛࡦࠫࡦߩౣ↪࿁ᢙޠޔޟࡉࠬ࠲ࠛࡦࠫࡦߩౣ↪⾌↪ޠ╬ߦߟߡ ߪޔ࿁ߩᬌᩏߢߪಽᨆߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ
એਅߩ࿑ߪޔᛛⴚޔㆇ↪㕙ߢ․ߦਇ⏕ታߥⷐ࿃ߦߥࠆߣ್ᢿߒߚⷐ࿃Ფߩ⾌↪Ⴧടߩ
㒢 ࠍ ␜ ߒ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ฦ ⷐ ⚛ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ⷐ ⚛ Ფ ߩ Ⴧ ട ߩ 㒢 ߪ ޔ20%߆ ࠄ 150%ߢߞߚޕ
࿑ GAOߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐ✚
⾌↪Ⴧടⷐ࿃ ೨ឭ ⾌↪Ⴧടߩ㒢
⊒ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⾌↪ 514ࡈࠗ࠻ޔ1970ᐕߩଔ୯ 20-25%
ࡈࠗ࠻࿁ᢙ 624ࡈࠗ࠻ޔ1970ᐕߩଔ୯ 30%
NASAߩࡊࡠࠣࡓᄌᦝ 581ࡈࠗ࠻ޔ1971ᐕߩଔ୯ 20%
⊒৻࿁ᒰߚࠅߩ⾌↪ 514ࡈࠗ࠻ޔ1970ᐕߩଔ୯ 75%
ᯏ᧚ߩㆇⴕ⾌↪ 514ࡈࠗ࠻ޔ1970ᐕߩଔ୯ 150%
عGAOߦࠃࠆᜰ៰ߣฦ⋭ᐡߩᔕ
GAO ߪߎߩႎ๔ᦠߦࠃߞߡޔߤߩઍᦧ᩺߇ㆡಾߢࠆ߆ߣ߁ߎߣ߿ޔࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻
࡞߇⚻ᷣಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐߦᾖࠄߒߡലߢࠆߣ߁್ᢿߪⴕߞߡߥ߇ޔⴕࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ
⾌↪ࠍਅ࿁ࠆၮḰࠍၮߦޔࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞᩺ߩ⾌↪Ⴧടⷐ࿃ޔ߮ߘࠇࠍ⚻ᷣ⊛ߦᱜᒰ ൻߢ߈ࠆ㒢୯㧔20-150%㧦⾌↪Ⴧⷐ࿃ߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆ㧕ࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ
৻ ᣇ ޔNASA ߪ ޔGAO ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ⚿ ᨐ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߨ ฃ ߌ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߹ ߚ ޔ NASA ߪޔMathematica ␠ߦࠃࠆ 10%ߩౝㇱ⋉₸ߦߟߡߪޔប߃ߥၮḰߢࠆޔߣ ߒߡࠆ৻ᣇߢޔߘࠇࠍታᣉߩ್ᢿၮḰߣߒߡណ↪ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥޔߣᜰ៰ߒߡࠆޕ ߥ߅ޔNASA ߪޔࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞ߪಽᨆߦࠃߞߡ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ࠲ࡦ߇␜ߐࠇߥߊߡ߽ޔ
ࠬࡍࠬࠪࡖ࠻࡞ߩ㐿⊒ㆇ↪ߦߪಽᨆߦߪࠇߡߥଢ⋉߇ࠆߣߒߡ㐿⊒ߪᱜᒰൻ ߐࠇࠆߣਥᒛߒߡࠆޕ
ޣ☨࿖㧟ޤⓨァߦ߅ߌࠆ⽻‛ㆇ៝ᯏᄾ⚂ߦࠃࠆ‛ᵹᡰេߩ⺞㆐
Acquisition: Air Force Procurement of 60K Tunner Cargo Loader Contractor Logistics Support
࿖㒐⋭⋙ኤ✚⋙(Office of Inspector General, Department of Defence) 2006ᐕ(D-2006-059) http://www.dodig.mil/audit/reports/FY06/06-059.pdf
عⷐ
ⓨァߪ2004ᐕߦᄢဳ⥶ⓨᯏߦ⽻‛ࠍⓍㄟᯏ᪾㧔60K Tunner Cargo Loader㧕ࠍSystems
& Electronicsᩣᑼળ␠ߣ8ᐕ㑆ߩ⁛භᄾ⚂㧔ᧅߥߒߩᄾ⚂㧕ࠍ⚿ࠎߢ߅ࠅޔ✚㗵1.58ం
࠼ ࡞ ߩ ᡰ ߇ ᗐ ቯ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ߎ ߩ ᄾ ⚂ ౝ ኈ ߿ ࡊ ࡠ ࠬ 㧔 ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ
㧕ࠍ♖ᩏߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
࿑ 60K Tunner Cargo Loader
⾗ᢱ㧕DOD
ع⚻✲
2005 ᐕ 2 11 ᣣޔ࿖㒐✚⋭ቭᚱߩ⺞㆐ޔᛛⴚޔࡠࠫࠬ࠹ࠖࠢࠬᜂᒰߪޔ࿖㒐✚⋭ߩ⋙
ኤ✚⋙ቶ㧔OIG㧕ߦኻߒߡޔᄢဳ⥶ⓨᯏߦ⽻‛ࠍⓍㄟᯏ᪾㧔60K Tunner Cargo Loader㧕ߩ
⺞㆐ߦߟߡ♖ᩏߔࠆߎߣࠍଐ㗬ߒߚޕᧄᬌᩏߢߪޔߎߩ⺞㆐߇ㅪ㇌⺞㆐ⷙೣ㧔FAR㧕ߩ
┹⊛⺞㆐ߩⷙቯߦว⥌ߒߡߚ߆ߤ߁߆ޔ߹ߚޔᧄ⺞㆐߇ᒰߔࠆᧅߥߒߩᄾ⚂ߦ߅
ߡ᳞ࠄࠇࠆᚻᴺޔ⺰߇␜ߐࠇߚ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍ⏕ߔࠆߎߣ߇⋡⊛ߣߥߞߚޕ
عᬌᩏᣇᴺ
ᬌᩏߪᧄ⺞㆐ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᢥ₂ࡆࡘࠍਛᔃߦⴕࠊࠇߚޕౕ⊛ߦߪޔ⸘↹ߦ㑐ߔࠆᦠ 㘃ޔฦ⒳ㅢ㆐ޔᴺⷙቯߩෳᾖᢥᦠޔE-mailޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ㧔ౣ⸘▚ߪⴕࠊߕ㧕ޔ⺞㆐ቯ ߦ㑐ߔࠆᦠ㘃ޔߘߩઁ㑐ㅪᢥᦠ╬ߢࠆޕ߹ߚޔⓨァ⺞㆐ㇱޔࡊࡠࠣࡓᜂᒰ⠪ޔWarner Robins Air Logistics Center(WRALC)ߩ▤ℂ⠪߮⽷ോᜂᒰ⠪ޔᶏ㓌ࡔࡦ࠹࠽ࡦࠬࡦ࠲
߳ߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘ߽૬ߖߡታᣉߐࠇߚޕ
عᬌᩏ⚿ᨐ
33ᐕ㑆ߢ✚㗵17ం࠼࡞㧔ᐕ㑆5,150ਁ࠼࡞㧕ߩᄾ⚂ࠍ␜ߒߚDruyun㧔⺞㆐ߣ▤ℂߦ㑐ߔࠆ
╙৻ᰴቭ㧕൘๔ߦઍࠊߞߡޔⓨァߢߪSystems & Electronics␠ߣ8ᐕ㑆ߩන⁛ᄾ⚂ࠍ⚿
ࠎߢࠆ߇ޔߘߩ✚㗵ߪ1.58ం࠼࡞ޔᐕᐔဋ1,980ਁ࠼࡞ߢޔ൘๔ߩ5,150ਁ࠼࡞ࠍᄢߦਅ
࿁ࠆ㗵ߢᄾ⚂ߒߡࠆޕ
࿑ ᄾ⚂ߩౝኈ㧔න:100ਁ࠼࡞㧕
ಽ ⾌↪
ᯏེߩ▤ℂ 76.5
ࡊࡠࠣࡓᡰេ 25.1
ୃℂ 0.0*
ୃℂ㧔ࠝࡃࡎ࡞㧕࠹ࠬ࠻ 9.2
ゞਔୃℂ㧔ࠝࡃࡎ࡞㧕 47.2
⸘ 158.0
ᵈ㧕*⊒↢ᤨߦട▚
ᬌᩏߩ⚿ᨐޔDruyun൘๔ߩౝኈߩ߁ߜޔᄾ⚂ߩゞਔୃℂߦ㑐ߔࠆ4,720ਁ࠼࡞ߪޔ
߽⛯ߡࠆߎߣ߇್ߒߚޕߎߩㇱಽߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔᶏ㓌ߣⓨァߩ⾌↪ಽᨆߢߪゞਔୃ
ℂߩ⾌↪ߪ8ᐕ㑆ߢߎࠇࠃࠅ1,970ਁ࠼࡞2,750ਁ࠼࡞ߦߒ߆ߥࠄߕޔ30ᐕ㑆ߩ✚㗵ߢ
5,760ਁ࠼࡞ߩᷫ߇น⢻ߢࠆߣផ⸘ߒߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔⓨァߩ⾌↪ಽᨆߦࠃࠇ߫ޔᶏ㓌
ߩᣉ⸳ࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣߢ30ᐕ㑆ߦ߅ߡޔ370ਁ࠼࡞ߩャㅍ⾌↪ߩ▵ᷫ߇น⢻ߣᜰ៰ߒߡ
ࠆޕ
࿑ ⾌↪▵ᷫߩน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆಽ
ಽ ▵ᷫㄟߺ㗵
ゞਔୃℂㇱಽߩࠃࠅല₸⊛ߥᡰ㧔┹⊛
⺞㆐ߩዉ㧕
30ᐕ㑆ߩ✚㗵ߢ5,760ਁ࠼࡞
ᶏ㓌߇ߔࠆℂ⊛ߥ․ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚャ ㅍ⾌↪ߩ❗ᷫ
30ᐕ㑆ߩ✚㗵ߢ370ਁ࠼࡞
ߎߩ⚿ᨐࠍฃߌߡޔએਅߩࠃ߁ߥ൘๔߮ߘߩኻᔕ߇␜ߐࠇߚޕ
࿑ ൘๔ߩౝኈ߮ߘࠇߦኻߔࠆኻᔕ
٤ ᄾ⚂ߩ߁ߜゞਔୃℂㇱಽߩ4,720ਁ࠼࡞ࠍ2009-2011ᐕߩᄾ⚂ౣᬌ⸛ᤨߦ㒰ߔࠆޕ ĺߎࠇߦኻߔࠆኻᔕ㧦 ߎߩ 4,720 ਁ࠼࡞ㇱಽߩᜰ៰ߦߟߡหᗧߒߎࠇ߇ㆡಾߢߪߥ
ߣDOD߇ࠆޕᶏ㓌ߣߩදቯࠍߡޔ2009ᐕ߹ߢߦࡌࠬ࠻ߥᣇᴺࠍಽᨆߔࠆޕ
٤ ᄾ⚂ߩ߁ߜゞਔୃℂߦ㑐ߒߡᶏ㓌ߣߩදቯࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ
ĺߎࠇߦኻߔࠆኻᔕ㧦 ࿖㒐✚⋭ߪߎߩᜰ៰ߦหᗧߒߚޕ߹ߚޔⓨァߦ߅ߡᶏ㓌ߣߩ ࡌࠬ࠻ߥ㑐ଥߦߟߡߩಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߣߒߚޕ
⾗ᢱ㧕DOD
عOIGߦࠃࠆᜰ៰ߣฦ⋭ᐡߩᔕ
ⓨァߢߪᧄႎ๔ᦠߩ൘๔ౝኈߦో㕙⊛ߦหᗧߒޔߎࠇࠍฃߌࠇޔⓍㄟ↪ᯏ᪾ߩୃℂᎿ
⒟ߥߤߩᄾ⚂ߦߟߡᶏ㓌ߣߩද⼏ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ⋥ߔߎߣࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡࠆޕߘߩߚޔ
⋙ኤ✚⋙ቶߢߪޔߎࠇએߩ൘๔ࠍ᳞ߥߎߣߣߒߚޕ
ޣ☨࿖㧠ޤ☨࿖㒽ァᎿ㓌㧦ࠨࠢࡔࡦ࠻ᵩ᳓ኻ╷ߦ᳞ࠄࠇࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ ߩᡷༀ
Corps of Engineers: Improved Analysis of Costs and Benefits Needed for Sacramento Flood Protection
GAO 2003 ᐕ10 㧔GAO-R-04-30㧕 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0430.pdf
عⷐ
☨࿖㒽ァᎿ㓌ߪޔࠞࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕᎺࠨࠢࡔࡦ࠻ߩᵩ᳓ኻ╷ߣߒߡޔႇ㒐ߩᒝൻࠍታ ᣉߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡߚ߇ޔ⾌↪߇ᒰೋߩⓍࠃࠅ߽ᄢߦჇടߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕߘߎ ߢޔGAO߇⾌↪Ⴧടߩේ࿃ޔᎿ㓌ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߮⼏ળ߳ߩႎ๔ߩᅷᒰᕈ╬ߦߟ
ߡᬌ⸽ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕߘߩ⚿ᨐޔଢ⋉ߩಽᨆߦߟߡߪޔᵩ᳓ኻ╷ߦࠃߞߡ⼔ߐ ࠇࠆዬ⽷↥ࠍㆊᄢ⹏ଔߔࠆ╬ߩਇ߇ߞߚޕ
ع⚻✲
1996 ᐕߦ⼏ળߪޔ☨࿖㒽ァᎿ㓌߇ޔࠞࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕᎺࠨࠢࡔࡦ࠻ߩᵩ᳓ኻ╷ߣߒߡޔ ࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߣ࠽࠻ࡑࠬࡌࠗࠬࡦߩႇ㒐ࠍᒝൻߔࠆᎿࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣࠍቯߒޔ Ꮏ߇ㅴࠄࠇߡߚޕ߹ߚ1999ᐕߦߪޔㅊട⊛ߥᎿ߇ታᣉߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ
ߒ߆ߒޔ2002 ᐕߦᎿ㓌ߪޔႇ㒐ᒝൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪߇ᒰೋⓍࠃࠅ߽ᄢߦჇᄢ ߔࠆߣ⼏ળߦႎ๔ߒߚޕ
ߘߎߢޔGAO ߪޔԘߥߗႇ㒐ᒝൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪߇Ⴧടߒߚߩ߆ޔԙᎿ㓌߇ࡊࡠ
ࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪Ⴧടߩน⢻ᕈߦߟߡㆡಾߦಽᨆߒႎ๔ߒߡߚ߆ޔԚᎿ㓌߇ႇ㒐ᒝൻ ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩଢ⋉ࠍㆡಾߦ▚ቯߒߡࠆ߆ޔߩ 3 ὐߦߟߡᬌ⸽ߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞ࠄࠇߚޕ
عᬌᩏᣇᴺ
ߘࠇߙࠇߩᬌᩏ㗄⋡ߦߟߡޔએਅߩࠃ߁ߥᣇᴺߢޔ2002ᐕ 9߆ࠄ 2003ᐕ 9߹ߢ ߩ㑆ߢᬌᩏࠍⴕߞߚޕ
Ԙߥߗႇ㒐ᒝൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪߇Ⴧടߒߚߩ߆
ਥⷐߥ⾌↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆߦߟߡޔᎿ㓌߇↪ᗧߒߚ⾗ᢱ߮ߘߩઁߩ㑐ㅪ⾗ᢱࠍࡆ ࡘߒߚޕ
ԙᎿ㓌߇ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪Ⴧടߩน⢻ᕈߦߟߡޔㆡಾߦಽᨆߒႎ๔ߒߡߚ߆
ᧁᎿߩ⾌↪▚ቯߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࠢಽᨆߩ↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇޔ⾌↪▚ቯߩᡷቯ߮⼏
ળ߳ߩႎ๔ߩⷐઙߦߟߡࡆࡘߒߚޕࠬࠢਇ⏕ቯⷐ⚛ߦߟߡߪޔߘࠇࠍ⾌↪▚
ቯߦขࠅࠇࠆᣇᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆㇱ㓌ߩ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ߦࠃࠆࡐ࠻߽ࡆࡘߒߚޕ
ࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߩႇ㒐ᡷ▽Ꮏߩᄾ⚂ࠍࡆࡘߒޔߤߩᤨὐߢᎿ㓌߇⾌↪Ⴧട ࠍ⼂ߒߡߚ߆ߦߟߡᬌ⸽ߒߚޕ߹ߚޔᐕᐲᲤߩᎿ㓌ߦࠃࠆ੍▚ᦠࠍࡆࡘߒޔ ᒰࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩㅴ⁁ᴫ╬ߦߟߡᛠីߒߚޕ
ԚᎿ㓌߇ႇ㒐ᒝൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩଢ⋉ࠍㆡಾߦ▚ቯߒߡࠆ߆
Ꮏ㓌߇⚻ᷣቇߩᘠ⠌ߦᴪߞߡಽᨆࠍⴕߞߡࠆ߆ޔಽᨆߦ߅ߌࠆቯ߇ㆡಾߢࠆ ߆ߣ߁ὐߦߟߡᬌ⸽ߒߚޕ
Ꮏ㓌ߦ߅ߌࠆಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍᚻߒޔᎿ㓌ߩᜂᒰ⠪ߣ࠺࠲࠰ࠬ߿ಽᨆᣇᴺߦߟߡ
⼏⺰ࠍታᣉߒߚޕ߹ߚޔଢ⋉▚ቯߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࠢ߿ਇ⏕ቯⷐ⚛ߩ⠨߃ᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆᎿ㓌ߩ
ࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߦߟߡ߽ࡆࡘࠍⴕߞߚޕ
عᬌᩏ⚿ᨐ
Ԙߥߗႇ㒐ᒝൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪߇Ⴧടߒߚߩ߆
ႇ㒐ᒝൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ో㧔ࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߩႇ㒐ޔ࠽࠻ࡑࠬࡌࠗࠬࡦߩႇ㒐㧕 ߩ⾌↪ߩⓍ㗵߇ޔ1996ᐕߩ57⊖ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄޔ2002ᐕߦߪ270㨪370⊖ਁ࠼࡞ߦ߇ߞߚޕ ߎࠇߪਥߦႇ㒐ߩ⸳⸘ߩᄌᦝߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
․ߦࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߩႇ㒐ߦߟߡߪޔ44⊖ਁ࠼࡞߆ࠄ143⊖ਁ࠼࡞߹ߢ3ߦߥ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ࠇ ߪ ޔ ਥ ߦ ᵹ ᳓ ࠍ 㒐 ߋ ߚ ߦ ޔ ႇ 㒐 ߩ ਛ ߦ ⸳ ⟎ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ㆤ ᳓ ო 㧔Cut-off walls㧕ࠍࠃࠅᷓߊߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ߞߚ߆ࠄߢࠆޕ
߹ߚޔᧂߛߦ⸘↹Ბ㓏ߦߣߤ߹ߞߡࠆ࠽࠻ࡑࠬࡌࠗࠬࡦߦߟߡߪޔ13 ⊖ਁ࠼࡞߆ ࠄ112㨪212⊖ਁ࠼࡞ߦ߇ߞߡࠆޕᎿ㓌ߪޔᵩ᳓ኻ╷ߩᣇᴺߦߟߡޔᧂߛઍᦧ᩺ࠍ ᬌ⸛ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ⁁ᴫߢࠆޕߐࠄߦ߃߫ޔ⾌↪Ⴧടߦࠃࠆ⽷ോߩᓇ㗀ߔࠄ߽
ಽᨆߒߡߥߣߞߚ⁁ᴫߢࠆޕ
࿑ ᵩ᳓ኻ╷ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪ߩჇട㧔ࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߩႇ㒐㧕
⾌↪㗄⋡ 1996ᐕߩⓍ㗵 2002ᐕߩⓍ㗵 Ⴧടಽ
ㆤ᳓ო㧔Cut-off walls㧕 30⊖ਁ࠼࡞ 105⊖ਁ࠼࡞ 76⊖ਁ࠼࡞
ᑪ⸳ߩኻᔕ ʊ 11⊖ਁ࠼࡞ 11⊖ਁ࠼࡞
⸘↹࠺ࠩࠗࡦߘߩઁߩ⾌↪ 14⊖ਁ࠼࡞ 20⊖ਁ࠼࡞ 6⊖ਁ࠼࡞
‛ଔ ʊ 7⊖ਁ࠼࡞ 7⊖ਁ࠼࡞
ว⸘ 44⊖ਁ࠼࡞ 143⊖ਁ࠼࡞ 100⊖ਁ࠼࡞
ᵈ㧕┵ᢙࠍਣㄟࠎߢࠆߚޔ2002ߩⓍ㗵ߩว⸘ߪޔ1996ᐕߣჇടಽߩว⸘ߣ৻⥌ߒߥ
࿑ ႇ㒐ߩ᭴ㅧ
ㆤ᳓ო
ႇ㒐
ႇ㒐
ṳ
ṳ
ᴡᎹ ᴡᎹ
ㆤ᳓ო
ႇ㒐
ႇ㒐
ṳ
ṳ
ᴡᎹ ᴡᎹ
ԙᎿ㓌߇ࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⾌↪Ⴧടߩน⢻ᕈߦߟߡޔㆡಾߦಽᨆߒႎ๔ߒߡߚ߆ Ꮏ㓌ߪޔ1996 ᐕߦᛚߐࠇߚࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߩႇ㒐ߩᎿߦߟߡޔᄢߥ⾌↪
Ⴧടߩน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆߎߣߦߟߡޔㆡಾߥಽᨆࠍߒߡ߅ࠄߕޔㄦㅦߥ⼏ળ߳ߩႎ๔߽ⴕߞ ߡߥ߆ߞߚޕ․ߦޔ1997 ᐕߦࠨࠢࡔࡦ࠻ߢ߈ߚ㘑㔎ߢߪޔㆤ᳓ოࠍ߽ߞߣᷓߊߔ ࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠅޔߘߩߚߦࠃࠅᄙߊߩ⾌↪߇߆߆ࠆߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡߚޕ
Ꮏ㓌ߩࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߢߪޔ੍▚ߩ㒢ౝߢࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ࠍቢੌߢ߈ߥ႐วߦߪޔᦨ
ೋߩᎿࠍታᣉߔࠆ߹߃ߦޔ⾌↪ߩჇടߦߟߡ⼏ળ߆ࠄߩᛚࠍᓧࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔᎿ㓌ߪޔ1998 ᐕߦ⾌↪Ⴧടߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆ߿ႎ๔ߥߒߦታᣉߒߡߒ߹ߞߡ
ߚޕ߹ߚ2003ᐕ߹ߢߦޔᎿ㓌ߪޔႇ㒐ᒝൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ో㧔ࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃႇ
㒐ߩᎿޔߘߩㅊട⊛Ꮏޔ࠽࠻ࡑࠬࡌࠗࠬࡦႇ㒐ߩᎿ㧕ߩ੍▚ࠍޔోߡ1996ᐕᤨὐ ߩࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߩႇ㒐ߩᎿߦ⾌߿ߒߡߒ߹ߞߚޕ
ԚᎿ㓌߇ႇ㒐ᒝൻࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩଢ⋉ࠍㆡಾߦ▚ቯߒߡࠆ߆
ࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߩႇ㒐ߩᒝൻߦࠃࠆଢ⋉ߦߟߡߪޔႇ㒐ᒝൻߦࠃߞߡ⼔ߐࠇࠆ ዬ⽷↥ࠍㆊᄢߦ⹏ଔߒߡࠆޕ1996 ᐕߩዬ⽷↥ߩ▚ቯߪޔᒰᤨߣߒߡߪㆡಾߥᣇᴺߦ ࠃߞߡߥߐࠇߡߚ߇ޔ2002 ᐕߢߪߩᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡ▚ቯߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔᒰೋ
ߩ▚ቯ⚿ᨐࠃࠅ߽20㧑ૐ߽ߩߣߥߞߡࠆޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔᎿ㓌ߪޔ2002ᐕᤨὐߩ⾌
↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦ߅ߡޔߎߩᄌൻߦࠃࠆଢ⋉ߩ❗ዊಽࠍടߒߡߥ߆ߞߚޕߐࠄߦޔ1 ᐕ ᒰߚࠅߩଢ⋉߇5.6⊖ਁ࠼࡞ޔ1ᐕᒰߚࠅߩ⾌↪߇5.5⊖ਁ࠼࡞ߢࠅޔଢ⋉ߩ▚ቯ⚿ᨐ߇ ߆ࠊࠇ߫ޔ⾌↪߇ଢ⋉ࠍ࿁ࠆߎߣ߽ߎࠅᓧࠆ⁁ᘒߢߞߚޕ
⼔ߐࠇࠆࠛࠕߩ▸࿐ߩ▚ቯߦߟߡ߽ޔታ㓙ߦ⼔ߐࠇࠆࠛࠕࠃࠅ߽ᐢߊⓍ߽
ߞߡ߅ࠅޔㆊᄢߦଢ⋉ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡߚޕߐࠄߦޔዬ⽷↥ߩ▚ቯߦ߅ߡ߽
ਇ߇ߞߚޕዬ⽷↥ߩ▚ቯߦߚߞߡߪࠨࡦࡊ࡞⺞ᩏࠍ߅ߎߥߞߡߚ߇ޔㆡಾߦࠨ ࡦࡊ࡞ࠍߢ߈ߡߥ߆ߞߚޕዬ⽷↥ߦߪޔ৻ੱߢࠄߒߡࠆ႐ว㧛ኅᣖߢࠄߒ ߡࠆ႐วޔ৻イደߩ႐ว㧛ࡑࡦ࡚ࠪࡦߩ႐ว╬ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ࠲ࠗࡊ߇ࠆ߇ޔߎࠇࠄߩ࠲
ࠗࡊߦಽᨆߒߡ߅ࠄߕޔߎࠇࠄࠍ৻ࠅߦߒߡಽᨆߒߡߒ߹ߞߡߚޕ
߹ߚଢ⋉ߩಽᨆߦߚߞߡޔᗵᐲಽᨆࠍⴕߞߡ߅ࠄߕޔ▚ቯ⚿ᨐߦࠍᜬߚߖߡߥޕ ߎߩᖱႎࠍᗧᕁቯߦ߅ߡޔଢ⋉߇⾌↪ࠍਅ࿁ࠆน⢻ᕈ߽ࠆߎߣࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߦߚߞ ߡ㊀ⷐߥᖱႎߣߥߞߚޕ
Ꮏ㓌ߪޔߎࠇࠄߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩਇࠍ․ቯߒୃᱜߔࠆࠢࠝ࠹ࠖࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ߦ ߟߡല₸⊛ߥࡊࡠࠬࠍᢛߢ߈ߡߥޕ
عGAOߦࠃࠆᜰ៰ߣฦ⋭ᐡߩᔕ
1999 ᐕߦቯߐࠇߚࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߩႇ㒐ߩᎿޔ⸘↹Ბ㓏ߢࠆ࠽࠻ࡑࠬࡌࠗ
ࠬࡦߩႇ㒐ߩᎿߦߟߡߪޔᎿ㓌ߦኻߒޔᎿ㓌ߩࠟࠗ࠼ࠗࡦߦ᳞ࠄࠇߡࠆࠃ ߁ޔㄟ߹ࠇࠆଢ⋉ߩ▸࿐߮ଢ⋉߇㆐ᚑߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍ⼏ળߦឭଏߔࠆߎ ߣޔᡷ⸓ ߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦ㑐ߒߡޔା㗬ߢ߈ਛ┙⊛ߥ⋥ߒࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞ߡ
ࠆޕ
ࠕࡔࠞࡦࡃߩႇ㒐ߩᎿߦߟߡߪޔ⼔ߐࠇࠆ⽷↥ߩ㓸⸘߿⹏ଔᣇᴺߥߤޔ ଢ⋉ߩ⸘▚ߦ߅ߌࠆਇࠍୃᱜߒޔଢ⋉ߦ㑐ߔࠆಽᨆࠍታᣉߒ⋥ߔߎߣࠍ᳞ߡࠆޕ ࠽࠻ࡑࠬࡌࠗࠬࡦߩႇ㒐ߩᎿߦߟߡߪޔઍᦧ᩺ߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍታᣉߒޔ߽ߞߣ
߽ലᨐߩࠆኻ╷ࠍ․ቯߔࠆߎߣޔ⼏ળߦኻߒߡ⾌↪ߩಽᨆࠍႎ๔ᦠࠍឭߒޔ⼏ળ ߩቯ߇ࠆ߹ߢޔᎿߩታᣉࠍᓙᯏߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞ߡࠆޕ
㧞㧚ࠗࠡࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ╬ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚળ⸘ᬌᩏ╬ߩ⁁ᴫ߮ႎ๔
㧔1㧕ᬌᩏ
2009ᐕ7ߦ⧷࿖ળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮㧔National Audit Office㧦NAO㧕ߢߪޔᄢ߈ߥᯏ᭴ᡷ✬߇ⴕ ࠊࠇߚޕ2011 ᐕ੍▚⽿છ߮࿖ኅળ⸘ᬌᩏᴺߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ㒮㐳ߪޔᦨ㜞⚻༡⽿છ⠪㧔CEO㧕 ߣߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ߹ߚޔᬺ❣ᬌᩏߩታᣉ߿ᣇᴺ╬ࠍߡޔ⥄ࠄᬺോߩታᣉߦ㑐ߒޔቢోߥ ⵙ㊂ᮭࠍߔࠆߣߐࠇࠆޕ৻ᣇޔNAO㧔㒮㐳ࠍ 9 ੱߩᓎຬߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆޕ㧕ߪޔਅߩ
࿑ߩߣ߅ࠅޔ㒮㐳ߣߦ࿖ኅળ⸘ᬌᩏᯏ⢻ߦଥࠆᚢ⇛ࠍ╷ቯߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔ㒮㐳ߩᬺോ
ታᣉߦߟߡޔᔅⷐߥ⾗Ḯࠍឭଏߒߚࠅޔ⋙ⷞ߿ഥ⸒ࠍⴕߞߚࠅߥߤߔࠆߣߐࠇߡࠆޕ
࿑ NAOߩ⛔ᴦ࿑
㒮㐳
䋨ᦨ㜞⚻༡⽿છ⠪䋺CEO䋩 ℂળ䋨㒮㐳䇮ౝㇱ䊶ᄖㇱ䈱ᓎຬ䋩
⡯ ຬ
㓹↪
NAO䋨ળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮䋩
ᜰើ
ᡰេ
ᓎຬ
⋙ⷞ䊶ഥ⸒
㒮㐳
䋨ᦨ㜞⚻༡⽿છ⠪䋺CEO䋩 ℂળ䋨㒮㐳䇮ౝㇱ䊶ᄖㇱ䈱ᓎຬ䋩
⡯ ຬ
㓹↪
NAO䋨ળ⸘ᬌᩏ㒮䋩
ᜰើ
ᡰេ
ᓎຬ
⋙ⷞ䊶ഥ⸒
৻ᣇޔNAO ߩ࠙ࠛࡉࡍࠫߢߪޔNAO ߩᬺോߩၫⴕߦߟߡޔਅߩ࿑ߩࠃ߁ߦ
⸥ㅀߒߡ߅ࠅޔ㒮㐳ߩਅߦ㧝ੱߩᦨ㜞ၫⴕ⽿છ⠪㧔COO㧕ߣ 4 ੱߩ㒮㐳߇㈩⟎ߐࠇߡ
ࠆޕ
࿑ NAOߩၫⴕ࿑
㒮㐳 ℂળ䊜䊮䊋䊷
ᦨ㜞ၫⴕ⽿છ⠪
ℂળ䊜䊮䊋䊷
㒮㐳
ℂળ䊜䊮䊋䊷
㒮㐳
ℂળ䊜䊮䊋䊷
㒮㐳 㒮㐳
䉴䊁䉟䉪䊖䊦䉻䊷㑐ଥ ⚻ᷣ㑐ଥᜂᒰ ᣇ䉰䊷䊎䉴ᜂᒰ ࿖ኅ䉰䊷䊎䉴ᜂᒰ 㒮㐳
ℂળ䊜䊮䊋䊷
ᦨ㜞ၫⴕ⽿છ⠪
ℂળ䊜䊮䊋䊷
㒮㐳
ℂળ䊜䊮䊋䊷
㒮㐳
ℂળ䊜䊮䊋䊷
㒮㐳 㒮㐳
䉴䊁䉟䉪䊖䊦䉻䊷㑐ଥ ⚻ᷣ㑐ଥᜂᒰ ᣇ䉰䊷䊎䉴ᜂᒰ ࿖ኅ䉰䊷䊎䉴ᜂᒰ
⾗ᢱ㧕NAO࠙ࠛࡉࡍࠫޕ
㧔http://www.nao.org.uk/about_us/structure__governance/transparency.aspx㧕
࿑ ᦨ㜞ၫⴕ⽿છ⠪㒮㐳ߩᜂᒰᬺോ
㒮ᄖᬺോ㧔ᬌᩏ㧕 㒮ౝᬺോ
COO
Michael Whitehouse᳁ 㧔2002ᐕ㨪AAG㧕 㧔2009ᐕ㨪COO㧕
ᐭᮮᢿ⊛㗴 ᚢ⇛ޔᬺോㆇ༡ޔ⢻ജ㐿⊒
ࠬ࠹ࠗࠢࡎ࡞࠳㑐ଥ Gabrielle Cohen᳁ 㧔2005ᐕ㨪㧕
ʊʊ
ᷤ ᄖ 㧔 ⼏ ળ ฃ ᬌ ᐡ ኂ 㑐 ଥ
⠪ 㧕 ޔ ࡔ ࠺ ࠖ ࠕ ޔ ࠽ ࠶ ࠫ ࡑ ࡀ ࠫ ࡔ ࡦ ࠻ ޔ ࡑ ࠤ ࠹ ࠖ ࡦ
ࠣޔ㒮ౝࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬ
⚻ᷣ㑐ଥᜂᒰ Ed Humpherson᳁ 㧔2007ᐕ㨪㧕
⽷ ോ⋭ ޔ࿖⒢ ᐡޔ ࠛࡀ࡞ ࠡ 㨯᳇
ᄌേ ⋭ޔࡆ ࠫࡀ ࠬ 㨯 ࠗࡁ ࡌ ࠪ
࡚ ࡦ ᛛ ⢻ ⋭ ޔ ㆇ ャ ⋭ 㧛PFI PPPޔⷙޔ㊄Ⲣᯏ㑐⋙ⷞ
ʊʊ
ᣇࠨࡆࠬᜂᒰ Lynda McMullan᳁ 㧔2011ᐕ㨪㧕
ᣇ ⥄ ᴦ ޔ ᢎ ⢒ ޔ ක ≮ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆNAOߩᬺോ
ʊʊ AAG
࿖ኅࠨࡆࠬᜂᒰ Martin Sinclair᳁ 㧔1999ᐕ㨪㧕
㒐 ⴡ ⋭ ޔ ᄖ ോ ⋭ ޔ ࿖ 㓙 ද ജ ⋭ ޔ
ౝ ോ ⋭ ޔ ม ᴺ ⋭ ޔ ർ ࠕ ࠗ ࡞ ࡦ
࠼ᐭ
࿖㓙ᬺോ
⾗ᢱ㧕NAO࠙ࠛࡉࡍࠫࠃࠅᚑ
㧔http://www..org.uk/contact_us/management_board/management_board_biographies.aspx㧕
2011 ᐕᐕᰴႎ๔ᦠߦࠃࠇ߫ޔNAO ߢߪࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩᧄㇱߣ࠾ࡘࠠࡖ࠶ࠬ࡞ߦ߅ߡᏱ ൕ឵▚ߢ880 ੱߩ⡯ຬ߇ߡࠆޕ2010 ᐕᐲߦ߅ߌࠆNAO ߩᡰߪ 9,260 ਁࡐࡦ࠼ߢ
ߞߚ߇ޔࠍ1,950ਁࡐࡦ࠼⸘ߒߚߚޔࡀ࠶࠻ߩ⾌↪ߪ7,310ਁࡐࡦ࠼ߣߥߞߡ
ࠆޕNAOߢߪ⽷ോᬌᩏߦ߅ߡߪ✚㗵ߢ9,500ంࡐࡦ࠼ߩᡰࠍ߁470ᯏ㑐ߩળ⸘ࠍኻ
⽎ߦᬌᩏࠍታᣉߒޔVFMᬌᩏߢߪ60ઙߩࡐ࠻ࠍᚑߒߡࠆ
52
ޕ
52 http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/1012/annual_report_2011.aspx
㧔2㧕ᬌᩏߩోะ
NAO ߢߪޔ⽷ോᬌᩏߣVFMᬌᩏࠍวࠊߖࠆߣᐕ㑆߅ࠃߘ100ઙ೨ᓟߩࡐ࠻ࠍ
ߒߡ߅ࠅޔฦᥲᐕߦߒߚႎ๔ࠍޔಽ㊁Ფᯏ㑐Ფߦᢛℂߒߡታ❣ᢙࠍࡎࡓࡍࠫ
ߢႎ๔ߒߡࠆޕಽ㊁ߦߪޔޟⅣႺࠛࡀ࡞ࠡᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈޠޔޟⴕมᴺ
ᮭޠޔޟᐭᮮᢿ⊛ข⚵ⴕ▤ℂޠ߇ࠍභߡࠆޕ
ᧄ⺞ᩏߩਥኻ⽎ಽ㊁ߢࠆ␠ળ⾗ᧄߩઍᦧᜰᮡߣߒߡߩޟㆇャࠗࡦࡈޠߪ4.0㧑ޔⅣ Ⴚ߅ࠃ߮㒐ἴߩઍℂᜰᮡߣߒߡߩޟⅣႺࠛࡀ࡞ࠡᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈޠߪ 11.3㧑ޔ㒐ⴡ⺞㆐
ߩઍℂᜰᮡߣߒߡߩޟ㒐ⴡޠߪ6.0㧑ߣߥߞߡࠆޕ
࿑ NAOߩᬌᩏႎ๔㧔2010ᐕ㧕ಽ㊁ౝ⸶
ᬌᩏಽ㊁ ᬌᩏႎ๔ᢙ ഀว
ડᬺ↥ᬺ/Business and industry 9 6.0%
࿖ኅ⽷/Central Finance and Treasury 10 6.6%
ሶߤ߽ኅᣖ/Children and families 4 2.6%
࿖᳃ߣߩኻ/Communicating with the public 1 0.7%
ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖၞ/Communities, regions and regeneration 9 6.0%
ᐭᮮᢿ⊛ข⚵ⴕ▤ℂ/Cross-government and public administration 14 9.3%
ᢥൻࡔ࠺ࠖࠕࠫࡖ/Culture, media and leisure 7 4.6%
㒐ⴡ/Defence 9 6.0%
ᢎ⢒ᛛ⢻/Education and skills 11 7.3%
㓹↪⡯ᬺࠠࡖࠕ/Employment, jobs and careers 0 0.0%
ⅣႺࠛࡀ࡞ࠡᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈ/Environment, energy and sustainability 17 11.3%
ක≮࠰ࠪࡖ࡞ࠤࠕ/Health and social care 12 7.9%
ቛਇേ↥ᑪ⸳/Housing, property and construction 2 1.3%
ᖱႎᛛⴚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓಽᨆ/ICT and Systems Analysis 4 2.6%
࿖㓙㑐ଥ/International affairs 9 6.0%
PFI/Private Finance 6 4.0%
ⴕมᴺᮭ/Public order, justice and rights 15 9.9%
ⷙᶖ⾌⠪┹/Regulation, consumers and competition 5 3.3%
⑼ቇᛛⴚࠗࡁࡌ࡚ࠪࡦ/Science, technology and innovation 0 0.0%
⒅⒢㑐⒢/Tax and duties 7 4.6%
╙ਃࠢ࠲/Third Sector 0 0.0%
ㆇャࠗࡦࡈ/Transport and infrastructure 6 4.0%
␠ળ㓚/Welfare and benefits 9 6.0%
151 100.0%
ᵈ㧕 ᬌᩏಽ㊁㑆ߢ㊀ⶄ߇ࠆߚޔว⸘ᢙߪ৻⥌ߒߥޕ
⾗ᢱ㧕NAOࡎࡓࡍࠫ㧔http://www..org.uk/publications.aspx㧕ࠃࠅᚑ
ߥ߅ޔ☨࿖GAOߣห᭽ߦޔ⧷࿖NAOߩಽ㘃ߦ߅ߡ߽ޟ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆޠߣ߁ಽ㊁ߪ
⸳ቯߐࠇߡߥޕ
ߘߎߢޔNAO ߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᬌᩏႎ๔ߩ߅߅ࠃߘߩⷙᮨߣో⊛ߥะ ࠍᛠីߔࠆߚޔNAOߩ࠙ࠛࡉࠨࠗ࠻ߦឝタߐࠇߡࠆㆊ 5 ᐕ㑆㧔2006ᥲᐕ߆ࠄ 2010 ᥲ ᐕ 㧕 ߦ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ᬌ ᩏ ႎ ๔ ߩ ਛ ߆ ࠄ ޔ”Cost Benefit Analysis”߹ ߚ ߪ”Cost Effectiveness Analysis”ߣ߁ࠠࡢ࠼ࠍᬌᩏႎ๔ᢙࠍࠞ࠙ࡦ࠻ߒߚޕߎࠇߦࠃࠇ߫ޔᲤᐕߩ✚ᬌ
ᩏႎ๔ઙᢙ100ઙ೨ᓟߩ߁ߜޔ”Cost Benefit Analysis”߹ߚߪ”Cost Effectiveness Analysis”ߩ
↪⺆ࠍᬌᩏႎ๔ᦠߪޔ10ઙ⒟ᐲሽߔࠆޕ
ߚߛߒޔ☨࿖ߩ႐วߣห᭽ߦޔߎࠇࠄߩᬌᩏႎ๔ߪޟ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆޠ߹ߚߪޟ⾌↪ലᨐ ಽᨆޠߦ⸒ߩࠆᬌᩏႎ๔ߢࠅޔోߡߩᬌᩏႎ๔ߦ߅ߡޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߹ߚߪ⾌↪
ലᨐಽᨆߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᬌᩏ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥޔߣ߁ὐߦߪ⇐ᗧ߇ᔅⷐߢࠆޕ
࿑ NAOߩᐕᐲᬌᩏႎ๔ᢙ
ᥲᐕ 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
✚ᬌᩏႎ๔ᢙ 99 91 91 103 151
߁ ߜ ޔ”Cost Benefit Analysis”߹ ߚ ߪ”Cost Effectiveness Analysis”ࠍ߽ߩ
12 17 17 9 11
ߐࠄߦޔNAO ߩࡎࡓࡍࠫߩㆊ 10 ᐕ⒟ᐲߩᬌᩏႎ๔࠺࠲ࡌࠬ߆ࠄޔ␠ળ⾗ᧄޔ
ⅣႺޔ㒐ἴޔ㒐ⴡ⺞㆐ߩฦಽ㊁ߢ”Cost Benefit Analysis”߹ߚߪ”Cost Effectiveness Analysis”
ࠍᬌᩏႎ๔ࠍࡇ࠶ࠢࠕ࠶ࡊߒޔฦᬌᩏႎ๔ߩ”Executive Summary”ߩ㗁ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡޔᬌ ᩏⷐࠍᛠីߒߚޕᬌᩏߩᣇᴺߪޔ☨࿖ห᭽ߦߨએਅߩa㨪dߦᄢߐࠇޔࡐ࠻ᢙ⊛
ߦߪa.߇ᄙ⁁ᴫߦࠆޕ
ߚߛߒޔ☨࿖ߩ႐วߣ⇣ߥࠅޔNAO ߢߪޔbޔc ߩಽ㘃ߦዻߔࠆᬌᩏႎ๔ᦠ߽Ფᐕ 1㨪2 ᧄሽߔࠆޕ
࿑ ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌᩏߩ㘃ဳ㧔ౣឝ㧕
㘃ဳ ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌᩏߩᣇᴺ
㨍㧚 ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ╬ࠍචಽߦታᣉߒߡߥᣉ╷ᬺታᣉ⋭ᐡߦኻߒߡޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽ ᨆ╬ߩ⚦ߥታᣉࠍ൘๔ផᅑߔࠆ߽ߩ
㨎㧚 ฦ⋭ᐡ߇ታᣉߒߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍ↪ߥ߇ࠄޔ⸘▚ᣇᴺ߿ᬺౝኈߩᡷༀࠍଦ ߒߡࠆ߽ߩ
㨏㧚 ฦ⋭ᐡ߇ታᣉߒߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦኻߒߡޔNAO ߇ౣ⸘▚ࠍⴕޔ㗴ὐ⺖㗴ࠍ ᜰ៰ߒߡࠆ߽ߩ
㨐㧚 ⋭ᐡࠨࠗ࠼ߢ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡߥᣉ╷ᬺߦߟߡޔNAO ⥄ ࠄ߇
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍታᣉߔࠆ߽ߩ
એਅߩ࿑ߢߪޔ೨㗁ߦ⸥ߒߚᣇᴺߦࠃߞߡᬌ⚝ߒߚNAOߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᬌᩏߩⷐࠍ⚫ߔࠆޕ
࿑ ⧷࿖NAOߦ߅ߌࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩᬌᩏ
53
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ႎ๔
⇟ภ ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ᬌᩏߩ⋡⊛ ᬌᩏ⚿ᨐ ᜰ៰൘๔ౝኈ ಽ㘃
1 2010 HC 566 Sessi on 2010
– 2011
Procurement of the M25 private finance contract
M25 ߩ ᳃ 㑆 ⾗
㊄ ࠍ ᵴ ↪ ߒ ߚ ᄾ ⚂ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ
ᬺ
M25ߪ1986ᐕߦᢛߐࠇߚࡠ ࡦ ࠼ ࡦ ㄭ ㇠ ߩ Ⅳ ⁁ 〝 ߢ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ㅢ ㊂ ߇ ᄙ ߚ ߦ ᷦ ṛ ߇ ᷓ ೞ ൻ ߒ ޔ ㆇ ⴕ ㅦ ᐲ ߩ ૐ ਅ ߇ 㗴 ߣ ߥ ߞ ߡ ߚ ޕ 〝 ᐡ 㧔Highways Agency㧕ߪߎ߁ߒ ߚ㗴ࠍ⸃ᶖߔࠆߚ2009ᐕ ߦ᳃㑆ડᬺߣ30ᐕ㑆ߩᄾ⚂ࠍ
⚿ ࠎ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ᄾ ⚂ ߢ ߪ ડ
ᬺ߇ M25 ߩᎿߣ Hatfield ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ߩᡷ⦟Ꮏࠍ ታᣉߒޔߐࠄߦM25 ߩㆇ༡ߥ ࠄ ߮ ߦ ⛽ ᜬ ▤ ℂ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߚ ߩ
߽ ߩ ߢ ޔ ડ ᬺ ߇ ⾗ ㊄ ⺞ ㆐ ߆ ࠄ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ 〝 ᐡ ߇ ណ ↪ ߒ ߚ ᄾ ⚂ ߇ ㅢ ᷦ ṛ ߩ ⸃ ᣇ ᴺ ߣ ߒ ߡ ㆡ ಾ ߢ ߞ ߚ ߆ ࠍ ᬌ ⸽ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߒߡࠆޕ
ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ 3 ߟ ߩ ᬌ ⸛ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ1 ┨ ߢ ߪ ᓥ ᧪ ߩ ᄾ ⚂ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ណ ↪ ߒ ߚ ႐ ว ߣ ࿁ ߩ ᄾ ⚂ ᣇ ᴺ 㧔 න ⁛ ડ
ᬺ ߣ ߩ ᄾ ⚂ ߣ ⶄ ᢙ ડ ᬺ ߣ ߩ ᄾ ⚂ ߩ 2 ࠤࠬ)ߢᄾ⚂㊄㗵ߩផ⸘୯߆ࠄᲧセ ߒߡࠆޕ⛯ߊ 2 ┨ߢߪ࿕ቯଔᩰߩ
⸳ቯߩ㆑ߥߤ 4 ߟߩࠤࠬࠍขࠅ
ߍ ߡ 〝 ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ૉ ߒ ޔ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ ⾌ ↪ ଢ
⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ ⚦ ߥ ⺑ ߪ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ߥ ޕ ᰴ ߦ ᧅ ߦ ෳ ട ߒ ߚ ડ ᬺ ߩ ᧅ ឭ ␜ 㗵 ࠍ 〝 ᐡ ߇ ᚑ ߒ ߚ ࡌ ࡦ ࠴ ࡑ ࠢ ߣ Ყ セ ߒ ߡ ᄾ ⚂ ߩ ല ᕈ ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ3 ┨ ߢ ߪ
〝 ᐡ ߩ ᄾ ⚂ ౝ ኈ ߿ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ ߟ ߡ ᬌ
⸛ࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ
ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ 〝 ᐡ ߣ ㆇ ャ
⋭ߦኻߒߡ 3 ߟߩ൘๔ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߹ ߕ ൘ ๔ ߩ 1 ߟ ߪ ᧅ 㗵 ࠍ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ߢ 〝 ᐡ ߪ ᄾ ⚂ ㊄ 㗵 ߩ ࡌ ࡦ ࠴ ࡑ ࠢ ࠍ ᚑ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ߇ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ߇ ታ 㓙 ߩ