ᒁߪޔ 3.5 㧑ߩഀᒁࠍ 30 ᐕಽߣޔ 3.0 㧑ߩഀᒁࠍ 10 ᐕಽޔว ᚑߒߡⴕ߁ޕߔߥࠊߜޔ
11. ߘߩઁ ٤⸥タߥߒ
29 TUPEߣߪޔTransfer of UndertakingʊProtection of Employmentߩ⇛⒓ߢࠆޕEUᴺߦၮߠ߈⧷࿖
࿖ౝᴺߢቯߚᐲߢࠅޔPFIᬺ╬ߢ᳃㑆ߦ⒖ߐࠇߚㇱ㐷ߩോຬߪޔ㓹↪వ߇ᄌࠊߞߚ႐วߢ߽ޔ ᓥ೨ߣหߓ㓹↪᧦ઙߢ⛮⛯ߒߡ㓹↪ߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߡࠆޕ
㧔3㧕╷ಽ㊁⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩታᣉ
એਅߩ࿑ߢߪޔ⧷࿖ߩਛᄩᐭᣇᐭ߇ታᣉߒߚ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߩߩⷐࠍ⚫ߔࠆޕ
࿑ ⧷࿖ᐭߦ߅ߌࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ30
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
1 2010
Department for Communities and Local
Government (2010)
‘Valuing the Benefits of Regeneration’
ㇺ Ꮢ ౣ ↢ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ଢ
⋉ߩ▚ቯᣇᴺߩᬌ⸛
㧔Cambridge Economic Associates ␠╬߳ߩᆔ
⸤⺞ᩏ㧕
ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ࠦ ࡒ ࡘ ࠾ ࠹ ࠖ ᣇ ⥄ ᴦ ⋭ ߇2009ᐕߦㇺᏒౣ↢ߦ߅ߌࠆଢ⋉ߩ▚
ቯ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ᬌ ⸛ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ⚿ ᨐ ࠍ ข ࠅ ߹ ߣ ߚ ߽ ߩ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߎ ߢ ߩ ⋡ ⊛ ߪ ㇺ Ꮢ ౣ ↢ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ޔ ᄢ ⬿ ⋭ 㧔HM Treasury㧕߇ᚑߒߚࠣࡦࡉ࠶ࠢߣ ᢛ ว ߒ ߚ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ᔨ ࠍ ᭴ ▽ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔ ㇺ Ꮢ ౣ ↢ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ߦ ㊄ ㌛ ଔ ୯ ࠍ ਈ ߃ ࠆ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ዉ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ޔ ㇺ Ꮢ ౣ ↢ ߩ ᚑ ᨐ ߣ ߘ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ߩ ቯ ㊂ ൻ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߚ ߦ ㇺ Ꮢ ౣ
↢ ߩ ⹏ ଔ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ᡷ ༀ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ╬ ࠍ ታ ᣉ ߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕ
ߎ ߩ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ታ ᣉ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪޔ⾌↪ߦ㓹↪ኻ╷⾌ޔᬺോᣉ⸳߮ࠗࡦࡈ
ᢛ⾌ޔቛⅣႺᢛ⾌ߣߎࠇࠄࠍ⚦ಽ ൻߒߚᡰ㗄⋡ࠍలߡߡࠆޕଢ⋉ߦኻߒߡ ߪᛩ⾗߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ↢↥㗵ࠍలߡߡ߅ࠅޔߎ ࠇࠄࠍන⾌↪ൻߔࠆߎߣߢޔᡰ㗄⋡Ფߦ
⾌↪ଢ⋉Ყࠍ▚ߒߡࠆޕߘߩ㓙ޔߘࠇߙ ࠇᡰ㗄⋡ߩౝ⸶Ფߦᑪ⸳ᦼ㑆ߣఘළᦼ㑆ࠍ
⸳ቯߒߡߎࠇࠄߩᦼ㑆ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡଔ୯ࠍ
▚ߒޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉Ყࠍ᳞ߡࠆޕ␠ળ⊛ഀ
ᒁ ₸ ߦ ߪ 3.5㧑 ࠍ ㆡ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߇▚ߒߡࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉Ყߪޔ㓹↪ኻ╷⾌ߩ ਛߩᄬᬺኻ╷߇ᦨ߽ૐߊ1.04ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔ
ᬺോᣉ⸳߮ࠗࡦࡈᢛߩ10.0߇ᦨ߽㜞ߊ ߥߞߡࠆޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ ԚⅣႺ
2 2009
Department for Transport(2007㨪2009)
‘Valuing transport's impact on the natural landscape’
〝 ᑪ ⸳ ߇ ⥄ ὼ ᥊ ⷰ ߦਈ߃ࠆᓇ㗀ߩ⹏ଔ 㧔EFTEC ␠ ╬ ߳ ߩ ᆔ
⸤⺞ᩏ㧕
ߩ ㅢ ⸘ ↹ ߇ ⧷ ࿖ ߩ ⥄ ὼ ᥊ ⷰ ߦ ਈ ߃ ࠆ ᓇ 㗀 ߩ ㊄ ㌛ ଔ ୯ ࠍ ផ ⸘ ߔ ࠆ ⋡ ⊛ ߢ ታ ᣉ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߎ ߩ ⎇ ⓥ ࠍ ㅢ ߓ ߡ 㓸 ߐ ࠇ ߚ ᖱ ႎ ߪ ޔ ㅢ ᣉ ╷ ឭ ᩺ ߩ ⹏ ଔ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߚ ߩ ࠟ ࠗ ࠼ ࠗ ࡦ ߦ ࠆ ᗧ ࿑ ߇ࠆޕႎ๔ᦠߪࡈࠚ࠭ 1߮2ߦ ಽ߆ࠇߡ߅ࠅޔࡈࠚ࠭ 1 ߢߪㆬ ᅢ 㧔state preference㧕 ߩ ࠨ ࡌ ࠗ ߩ ⸳
⸘ޔࡈࠚ࠭ 2 ߢߪᓇ㗀ߩ㊄㌛ଔ୯ൻ ߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍ⹜ⴕߒߡࠆޕ
ಽᨆߢߪޔⶄᢙߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᬌ⸽ߒߡࠆޕࡄ
ࠗࡠ࠶࠻ࠨࡌࠗߩ⚿ᨐޔ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⁁ᴫޔ 㑐ଥၞߣߩធ⸅ߩήޔ᥊ⷰ߳ߩᓇ㗀ߦኻ ߔ ࠆ ੱ ⊛ ⹏ ଔ ޔ ㅢ ࠬ ࠠ ࡓ ޔ ᥊ ⷰ ߩ ⒳ 㘃 ޔ ၞ ․ ᕈ ޔ ᧂ ↪ ଔ ୯ 㧔non-use value㧕 ߇ᡰᛄᗧᕁ㗵ߦᓇ㗀ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⏕ߒߚޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ ԚⅣႺ
30 PPP
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
3 2011
Department for Transport 㧔2011㧕
‘Updating the VPF and VPIs: Phase 1: Final Report Department for Transport’
ㆇ ャ ⋭ ߩ ᱫ ࿁ ㆱ ଔ ୯ ߣ ⽶ ் ࿁ ㆱ ࿁ ㆱ ଔ ୯ߩ▚ቯᣇᴺߩᡷ⸓
(NERA Economic Consulting ߳ߩᆔ⸤⺞
ᩏ)
ㆇ ャ ⋭ ߇ ↪ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ᱫ ࿁ ㆱ ଔ ୯ ߣ
⽶ ் ࿁ ㆱ ଔ ୯ ߩ ⸘ ▚ ᣇ ᴺ ߪ ޔ ᢙ ୯ ߩ ᡷ ቯ ߪ ⴕ ࠊ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ߽ ߩ ߩ ޔ ዋ ߥ ߊ ߣ ߽ 12 ᐕ೨߆ࠄ⛮⛯⊛ߦ↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚߎ ߣ ߇ ಽ ߆ ߞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ޔ ⋥ ធ ߎ ߩ ▚ ቯ ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ᡷ ⸓ ߔ ࠆ ߩ ߢ ߪ ߥ ߊ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ࠍ ⋥ ߔ ႐ ว ߩ ᣇ ᴺ ⺰ ߦ ߟ ߡ ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡࠆޕ
ㆇャ⋭ߩᡰᛄᗧᕁ㗵ߦଐሽߒߚᱫ࿁ㆱଔ୯ 㗵߿⽶்࿁ㆱଔ୯㗵ߩផ⸘ᣇᴺߦኻߔࠆၮᧄ
⊛ߥ⇼ὐࠍᢛℂߒߡࠆޕߘߩߢޔㅢ
ߦ߅ߌࠆ⾌↪ߦ㑐ߒߡᡰᛄᗧᕁ㗵એᄖߩ ⷐ⚛ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߥߤޔᄢ߈ߊ3ߟߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ ᓥ᧪ߩ▚ቯᣇᴺߦߟߡᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ ߎࠇࠄߩᬌ⸛߆ࠄㅪ㎮ࠕࡊࡠ࠴ߩᣇ߇ේℂ
⊛ߦ↪ߒߡࠆᱫࠬࠢߦኻߔࠆᡰ ᛄ ᗧ ᕁ 㗵 ߩ ផ ቯ ᴺ ࠃ ࠅ ఝ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ߣ ⚿ ⺰ ઃ ߌޔ⋥ߔߎߣࠍឭ᩺ߒߡࠆޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ Ԝ ߘ ߩ
ઁ
4 2005
Department for Environment, Food and
Rural Affairs (2005)
‘Cost Benefit Analysis of Foot and Mouth Disease Controls’
ญ か ∉ ࠦ ࡦ ࠻ ࡠ ࡞ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ
㧔Risk Solution␠߳ߩ ᆔ⸤⺞ᩏ㧕
2001 ᐕߦ⧷࿖ߢญか∉߇⊒↢ߒߚ⚻㛎 ࠍ 〯 ߹ ߃ Ⅳ Ⴚ 㘩 ♳ ㄘ ၞ ⋭
㧔Defra㧕ߢߪญか∉ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᚢ
⇛ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ⋥ ߒ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߎ ߣ ߣ ߒ ߚ ޕ ⾌ ↪ ಽ ᨆ ߪ ญ か ∉ ߇ ⊒ ↢ ߒ ߚ ႐ ว ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ߹ ߢ ࠍ ⠨ ᘦ ߒ ޔ Ԙ ᗵ ᨴ ‐
╬ ߩ Ვ ಣ ಽ ޔ ԙ 㑐 ㅪ േ ‛ ߩ Ვ ಣ ಽ ޔ Ԛ
↢ ሽ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ‐ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ࡢ ࠢ ࠴ ࡦ ᛩ ਈ ޔ ԛ ↢ ሽ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ‐ ߣ ⟠ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ࡢ
ࠢ࠴ࡦᛩਈߩ 4 ߟߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡞ᚻᴺ ࠍ ᬌ ⸽ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߥ ߅ ޔ ਥ ߦ ᬌ ⸛ ߐ ࠇ ߡࠆߩߪ⾌↪ߢࠆޕ
ᧄႎ๔ᦠߢታᣉߒߡࠆ⾌↪ಽᨆߢߪญか∉
ߩᗵᨴⷙᮨࠍᄢਛዊߢᝒ߃ޔਛⷙᮨߩᗵᨴߢ ߪߐࠄߦ 2ߟߩࠪ࠽ࠝ⸳ቯߒߡࠆޕߎࠇ ࠄߩᗵᨴⷙᮨߩផ⸘ߪ⁛⥄ߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ᭴▽ߒ ߡⴕߞߡࠆޕߎࠇߦኻߒߡޔญか∉ߩࠦࡦ
࠻ࡠ࡞ᚢ⇛ߣߒߡߪᗵᨴ‐ߩᲕಣಽߣޔᗵ ᨴ‐ߩᲕಣಽߦ 10 ࠠࡠߩ‐ߦኻߔࠆࡢࠢ
࠴ࡦᛩਈࠍⴕ߁႐วߩ 2ߟߩࠤࠬߦߟߡ
⸳ቯߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘࠇߙࠇߩࠤࠬߦߟߡߘ ߩ⾌↪ࠍផ⸘ߒߡࠆޕ
ԙ㒐ἴ ԚⅣႺ
5 2010
Forestry Commission 㧔2010㧕
‘The Economic Contribution of the Public Forest Estate in England - For Forestry Commission England’
⧷ ࿖ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᨋ
⾗↥ߩ⚻ᷣ⊛⽸₂ 㧔EFTEC ␠ ߳ ߩ ᆔ ⸤
⺞ᩏ㧕
ᨋᆔຬળ㧔Forestry Commission㧦FC) ߦ ࠃ ࠅ ▤ ℂ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ᨋ ⾗ ↥ ߇ ␠ ળ ߩ ෘ ↢ ߦ ߽ ߚ ࠄ ߔ ⚻ ᷣ ␠ ળ ߮ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ⚻ ᷣ ⊛ ⹏ ଔ ᛛ ⴚ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ಽ ᨆ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ ޔ ⧷ ࿖ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᨋ ߩ 㘃 ဳ ൻ ࠍ ⺑ ߔ ࠆ ᨒ ⚵ ߺ ߩ ⸳ ቯ ޔ ࠛ ࠦ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ࠨ ࡆ ࠬ ߩ ଔ ୯ ߿ ࡑ ࡀ ࠫ ࡔ ࡦ ࠻ ⾌ ↪ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⸽ ߩ ࡆ ࡘ ޔ ᨋ ߇ ␠ ળ ෘ ↢ ߦ ਈ ߃ ࠆ ⽸ ₂ ࠍ ⹏ ଔ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߩ ᨒ ⚵ ߺ
߮ ߘ ߩ ଔ ୯ ࠍ ะ ߐ ߖ ࠆ ߚ ߩ ᩺ ߩ ᭴
▽ࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ
ಽᨆߢߪޔᨋߩ․ᓽߩ㘃ဳ㧔↢ᘒޔ↪⠪
߆ࠄߩ〒㔌ޔࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ޔࠕࠢࠬޔ↢‛
ᄙ᭽ᕈ╬㧕ߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖ 88 ㅢࠅߦߟߡࡑ ࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻⾌↪߮ࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠨࡆࠬߩ ၮᧄ⊛ߥផ⸘ࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ
ႎ๔ᦠߢ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ೨ឭߩਅߢߪޔᨋ
⾗↥ߩḮᴰߪޔ࡚ࠢࠛࠪࡦޔ᷷ᥦൻࠟ
ࠬߩๆ߮⟤⊛ଔ୯ߢߞߚޕోߡߩࠪ࠽
ࠝߦ߅ߡޔଢ⋉߇⾌↪ࠍ࿁ߞߡࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
6 2003
Department for Environment, Food and
Rural Affairs (2003)
‘Use of Multi-Criteria Analysis in Air Quality Policy’
ޣ⧷࿖㧝ޤ
ᄢ ᳇ ᳪ ᨴ 㒐 ᱛ ╷ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᄙ ၮ Ḱ ಽ ᨆ ߩ
↪
㧔Catalyze␠߳ߩᆔ⸤
⺞ᩏ㧕
⧷ ࿖ ᐭ ߩ ᄢ ᳇ ⾰ ᚢ ⇛ ߦ ߅ ߡ ޔ ᄙ ၮ Ḱ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ߤ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߦ ᵴ ↪ ߒ ᓧ ࠆ ߆ ߦ ߟ
ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦޔDefra߮
Ⅳ Ⴚ ᐡ ߇ ห ߢ ታ ᣉ ߒ ߚ ⎇ ⓥ ߢ ࠆ ޕ ᄙၮḰᗧᕁቯߩᛛⴚߣ Defra ߢណ↪
ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ᛛ ⴚ ߩ Ყ セ ޔ ᣢ ሽ ߩ ࡊ ࡠ ࠬ ߦ ߅ ߡ ᄙ ၮ Ḱ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ᵴ ↪ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ޔ ᄢ ᳇ ⾰ ᚢ ⇛ ߩ ਛ ߢ ᄙ ၮ Ḱ ಽ ᨆ ߇ ᦨ ߽ ㆡ ಾ ߥ 㗔 ၞ ߩ
․ቯࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ
⎇ⓥߩ⚿ᨐߪ 20 㗄⋡ߦ߹ߣࠄࠇ␜ߐࠇߡ
ࠆޕⷐ⚂ߔࠆߣޔᰴߩߣ߅ࠅޕ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߣᄙၮḰಽᨆߪ⇣ߥࠆ߇ޔ
ቢ⊛ᛛⴚߢࠆޕ
ᄙၮḰಽᨆߪޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߢߪ㊄㌛ଔ୯ ൻߔࠆߩ߇ਇน⢻ࠆߪ࿎㔍ߥၮḰࠍലᨐ
⊛ߦ⚵ߺㄟߎߣߦࠃࠅޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍ
ᒛߢ߈ࠆޕ
߹ߚޔᄢ᳇⾰ᚢ⇛ߦ߅ߌࠆᄙၮḰಽᨆߩߐࠄ ߥࠆᵴ↪ࠍ࿑ࠆߚߦᦨㆡߥᣇᴺߪޔᄙၮḰ ಽᨆߩኾ㐷ኅࠍᐭߩ╷ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ࠴ࡓ ߦෳടߐߖࠆߎߣߢࠆߣߒߡࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ
7 2007
Department for Environment, Food and
Rural Affairs et.al.(2007)
‘The Benefits of Water Framework Directive Programmes of Measures in England and Wales’
ࠗ ࡦ ࠣ ࡦ ࠼ ߮ ࠙ ࠚ ࡞ ࠭ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᳓
⾗ Ḯ ᨒ ⚵ ᜰ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ
ࡓߩଢ⋉
㧔 NERA Economic Consulting ␠╬߳ߩᆔ
⸤⺞ᩏ㧕
ࠗ ࡦ ࠣ ࡦ ࠼ ߮ ࠙ ࠚ ࡞ ࠭ ߩ ኅ ⸘ ߇
᳓ ⾗ Ḯ ᨒ ⚵ ᜰ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡ ߽ ߚ ࠄ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ
᳓ Ⅳ Ⴚ ߩ ᡷ ༀ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ␜ ߔ ᡰ ᛄ ᗧ ᕁ 㗵 ࠍ ㊄ ㌛ ଔ ୯ ൻ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߔ ࠆ ⺞ ᩏߢࠆޕਔᣇߩ⸘50ߘࠇߙࠇ ߦ߅ߡ30ߩኅ⸘ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆࠗࡦ࠲
ࡆࡘࠍ⸳⸘ߒޔታ㓙ߦ1487ઙߩࠗࡦ
࠲ࡆࡘࠍታᣉߒߡࠆޕ
ࠨࡌࠗߪޔ2015 ᐕ߹ߢߦో࿖ߢ 95㧑ߩ᳓
ⅣႺߩᡷༀ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߚߩኅ⸘ߩᡰᛄᗧᕁ 㗵ࠍߨࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ⾰ߪޔᡰᛄࠞ࠼
ᗐᏒ႐ᴺ㧔payment card contingent valuation:
PCCV)ޔ ੑ Ბ 㓏 ੑ 㗄 ㆬ ᛯ ᑼ ᗐ Ꮢ ႐ ᴺ 㧔a dichotomous choice contingent valuation:
DCCV) ޔ8 㗄ㆬᛯ ဳታ㛎 ᴺ (choice experiment: CE) 3 ㅢ ࠅ ߩ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ ࠃ ࠅ ታ ᣉ ߒ ߚޕႎ๔ᦠߢߪޔᡰᛄᗧᕁ㗵ߩ⌀ߩਛᄩ୯ߪ PCCV ߦၮߠߊ44.5ࡐࡦ࠼/ኅ⸘/ᐕߣ DCCV ߦၮߠߊ 167.9/ኅ⸘/ᐕߩ▸࿐ߦࠆߩߢߪߥ
߆ߣߒߡࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ
8 2009
North West Development Agency (2009)
‘Economic Impacts of Increased Flood Risk Associated with Climate Change in the North West: Report for North West Development Agency’
ޣ⧷࿖㧞ޤ
ർ ㇱ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᳇ ᄌ േ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ᵩ ᳓ ⊒ ↢
ࠬ ࠢ ߩ Ⴧ ട ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ⚻ ᷣ ࠗ ࡦ ࡄ ࠢ ࠻ 㧦
⧷ ࿖ ർ ㇱ 㐿 ⊒ ␠ ะߌႎ๔ᦠ
㧔URS ␠ ߳ ߩ ᆔ ⸤ ⺞ ᩏ㧕
⧷ ࿖ ർ ㇱ ၞ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᵩ ᳓ ⊒ ↢ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ៊ ኂ ߦ ߟ ߡ ޔ ၞ ޔ ਥ ⷐ ↥ ᬺ ಽ ㊁
߳ ߩ ᓇ 㗀 ࠍ ޔ ᳇ ߇ ⁁ ߩ ߹ ߹ ߩ ႐ ว 㧔 ࡌ ࠬ ࠤ ࠬ 㧕 ߮ ᳇ ᄌ േ ߇ ↢ ߓ ߚ႐วߩ 2 ࡄ࠲ࡦߦߟߡޔߘࠇߙ ࠇ ⴕ ߩ ᣉ ╷ ࠍ ೨ ឭ ߣ ߒ ߚ ႐ ว ߣ ᣂ ߚ ߦ ᵩ ᳓ ኻ ╷ ࠍ ⻠ ߓ ߚ ႐ ว ߦ ಽ ߌ ߡ ޟ ࿁ ㆱ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ⵍ ኂ ߩ ᄢ ߈ ߐ 㧔 㧩 ଢ ⋉ 㧕 ޠ ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߥ ߅ ޔ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ଢ ⋉ 㧔 ៊ ኂ࿁ㆱ㧕ߣߩᲧセߪⴕࠊࠇߡߥޕ
᳇߇⁁ߩ߹߹ߩ႐วޔⴕߩᣉ╷ࠍ೨ឭ ߣߒߚ႐วߩᵩ᳓ⵍኂߪ4.78ంࡐࡦ࠼ޔᣂߚ ߦᵩ᳓ኻ╷ࠍ⻠ߓߚ႐วߩⵍኂߪ 4,300 ਁࡐ ࡦ࠼ߢޔኻ╷ࠍ⻠ߓߚ႐วߦ࿁ㆱߐࠇࠆⵍኂ ߪ4.36ంࡐࡦ࠼ߢߞߚޕ৻ᣇޔ᳇ᄌേ߇
↢ߓߚ႐วߩࠤࠬߢߪޔⴕߩᣉ╷ࠍ೨ឭ ߣߒߚ႐วߩ៊ኂߪ 17.83 ంࡐࡦ࠼ޔᣂߚߥ ᵩ᳓ኻ╷ࠍ⻠ߓߚ႐วߪ1.38ంࡐࡦ࠼ߢޔ࿁
ㆱ ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ⵍ ኂ ߪ 16.45 ం ࡐ ࡦ ࠼ ߣ ⸘ ᷹ ߐ ࠇ ߚޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ ԙ㒐ἴ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
9 2010
Kent County Council(2010)
‘The Lower Thames Crossing -Kent County Council-’
ޣ⧷࿖㧟ޤ
Lower Thames ᯅߩᑪ
⸳
㧔KPMG ␠ ߳ ߩ ᆔ ⸤
⺞ᩏ㧕
ᧄႎ๔ᦠߪⴕߩ Dartford ᯅߩᡷ⦟߹
ߚ ߪ ᣂ ᯅ ߩ ㅊ ട ᑪ ⸳ ⸘ ↹ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ߘ ߩ
⚻ ᷣ ⹏ ଔ ࠍ ⴕ ߁ ߣ ߣ ߽ ߦ ޔ ᑪ ⸳ ⾗ ㊄ ߩ
⺞ ㆐ ᣇ ᴺ ޔ ᑪ ⸳ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᄾ ⚂ ᣇ ᴺ ߦ ߟ
ߡ ᬌ ⸛ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ⋡ ⊛ ߣ ߒ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ ᯅ ᢛ ߩ ㆬ ᛯ ⢇ ߣ ߒ ߡ Ԙ
⁁ߩ Dartford ᯅࠍᡷ⦟ߔࠆ᩺ޔ ԙChadwellߣGraveshamߩ㑆ߦᣂߚߥ ᯅ ࠍ ⸳ ⟎ ߔ ࠆ ᩺ ޔ ԚEastern Gravesham߆ࠄStanford-le-Hopeߦᣂߚ ߥᯅࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆ᩺ޔߩ 3 ߟࠍᬌ⸛ߒ ߡࠆޕ
ႎ๔ᦠߢߪ3ߟߩᑪ⸳᩺ߦߟߡၞ߳ߩ⚻
ᷣലᨐߥߤࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡࠆ߇ޔวࠊߖߡ⾌↪
ߣᢱ㊄ߩಽᨆࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ⾌↪ߦߟ
ߡߪ 3ߟขࠅߍߡ߅ࠅޔ⾗ᧄࠦࠬ࠻ޔ⛽ᜬ
▤ℂ⾌ޔPPP ࠍណ↪ߒߚ႐วߦ⊒↢ߔࠆࠦࠬ
࠻ߣߥߞߡࠆޕPPP ࠍណ↪ߒߚ႐วޔන৻
↪ᢱ㧔Unitary charge㧕߇⊒↢ߔࠆߚޔߘ ߩ᳓Ḱ߇ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߡࠆޕ৻ᣇޔଢ⋉ߣߒߡ ߪᢱ㊄ࠍขࠅߍߡࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩ⾌↪
ߣଢ⋉ߩផ⸘୯ߦߟߡߪ 2008 ᐕߦࠤࡦ࠻
Ꮊߣࠛ࠶ࠢࠬᎺ߇ታᣉߒߚวห⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ޔ ߎ ࠇ ࠄ ߩ ផ ⸘ ୯ ࠍ ↪ ߒ ߡ ԚEastern Gravesham߆ࠄ Stanford-le-Hopeߦ ᣂߚߥᯅࠍᑪ⸳ߒߚ႐วߩ 2021 ᐕߩᡰ ಽᨆࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ
Ԙ ␠ ળ
⾗ᧄ ԝPPP
10 2005
Department of Health (2005)
‘Smoke free workplaces and public places:
Economic analysis’
༛ ᾍ ߇ ⸵ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ
⡯ ႐ ߮ ᣉ ⸳ 㧦
⚻ᷣಽᨆ
⡯ ႐ ߮ ᣉ ⸳ ࠍ ኻ ⽎ ߦ ޔ ༛ ᾍ ࠍ ᱛ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ߣ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߡࠆޕ
ಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐޔ༛ᾍࠍᱛߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆଢ⋉
ߪޔ∔∛ߩᷫዋޔᱫ₸ߩૐਅޔක≮⾌ߩᷫ
ዋ ޔ ↢ ↥ ᕈ ߩ ะ ╬ ޔ ᐕ 㑆 2.7-3.1 ం ࡐ ࡦ ࠼ ߢޔ৻ᣇ⾌↪ߪޔ࠲ࡃࠦ↢↥ߩᷫዋ╬ 4.3 ం ࡐ ࡦ ࠼ ޔ ⚐ ଢ ⋉ ߪ 2.3-2.7 ం ࡐ ࡦ ࠼ ߢ ߞ ߚޕ⁁ޔ11ੱਛ 10ੱߪ༛ᾍ߇ᱛߐࠇߡ
ࠆⅣႺߢࠍߒߡࠆ߇ޔߎߩⷙߦࠃ ߞߡޔᦝߥࠆ⚐ଢ⋉߇ㄟ߹ࠇࠆޕ
Ԝ ߘ ߩ
ઁ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
11 2007
Department for Children, Schools and Families (2007)
‘Cost Benefit Analysis of Interventions with Parents’
ⷫ ߩ ሶ ⢒ ߡ ߳ ߩ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ
㧔London Economics
␠߳ߩᆔ⸤⺞ᩏ㧕
ⷫ ߩ ሶ ⢒ ߡ ߦ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߪ ␠ ળ ⊛ ߦ
ߡ ߽ ᧪ ߩ ‽ ⟋ ₸ ࠍ ૐ ਅ ߐ ߖ ࠆ น ⢻ ᕈ ߇ ࠅ ޔ ߘ ߩ ല ᨐ ߇ ‽ ⟋ ߩ ૐ ਅ ߿ ␠ ળ ⚻ ⾌ ߩ ▵ ᷫ ╬ ޔ ᭽ ޘ ߥ ␠ ળ ⊛ ⾌
↪ ߩ ૐ ਅ ࠍ ㅢ ߓ ߡ ␠ ળ ߦ ㆶ ర ߐ ࠇ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᦼ ᓙ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߩ ⋡ ⊛ ߪ ޔ ߎ ߁ ߒ ߚ ⷫ ߩ ሶ ⢒ ߡ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ᡰ េ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߩ ല ᨐ ࠍ ಽ ᨆ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߦࠆޕ
ⷫߩሶ⢒ߡ߳ߩᡰេࡊࡠࠣࡓߩലᨐߦ 㑐ߔࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߦߟߡᧄႎ๔ᦠߢߪ⁛
⥄ߩಽᨆࠍታᣉߖߕޔవⴕ⎇ⓥߩࡆࡘࠍ ၮߦޔ⺑ߒߡࠆޕߎߎߢଢ⋉ߣߒߡᝒ߃ ࠄࠇߡࠆߩߪޔ‽⟋ߩૐਅޔ⮎‛ੂ↪ߩૐ ਅޔᢎ⢒᳓Ḱߩะޔ10ઍߩᅧᆼ₸ߩૐਅޔ 10ઍߩ⥄Ვ₸ߩૐਅޔఽ┬⯦ᓙኅᐸౝജ ߩ㒐ᱛ╬ߢࠆޕAos et al. (2004)ߩ⎇ⓥߦࠃ ࠇ ߫ ޔ ᡰ េ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ Ყ ߪ ޔ1.80 ߣലᕈࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐߢߞߚޔ߹ߚޔઁߩ⎇
ⓥߦ߅ߡ߽ห⒳ߩࡊࡠࠣࡓߩലᨐߩ⾌↪
ଢ⋉Ყߪ 0.62 ߆ࠄ 5.70 ߢߞߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ ߥ⚿ᨐࠍၮߦޔⷫߩሶ⢒ߡ߳ߩᡰេࡊࡠ
ࠣ ࡓ ߪ ല ᨐ ⊛ ߢ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ⺑ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆޕ
Ԝ ߘ ߩ
ઁ
12 2011
Department for Education(2011)
‘Specialist drug and alcohol services for young people - a cost benefit analysis’
⧯ ⠪ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ⮎ ‛
߮ ࠕ ࡞ ࠦ ࡞ ߩ ኾ 㐷 ኅ㧦⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ (Frontier Economics␠
߳ߩᆔ⸤⺞ᩏ)
⧷࿖ߢߪᲤᐕ 24,000ੱߩ⧯⠪߇⮎‛ߣ ࠕ ࡞ ࠦ ࡞ ߩ ଐ ሽ ∝ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ᴦ ≮ ࠍ ฃ ߌ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ޔ ߎ ߩ ⮎ ‛ ࠕ
࡞ ࠦ ࡞ ଐ ሽ ∝ ߩ ⧯ ⠪ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ᴦ ≮
࿁ ᓳ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ታ ᣉߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߩ ᐕ 㑆 ✚ ⾌ ↪ ߪ ޔ6,220 ਁ ࡐ ࡦ ࠼ ߢޔ৻ᣇޔଢ⋉ߪޔ⋥ធଢ⋉ߣߒߡޔ‽⟋ߩ ૐਅ߇1.17ంࡐࡦ࠼ޔஜᐽ㗴ߩ⸃߇350
ਁࡐࡦ࠼ޕ㐳ᦼଢ⋉ߪޔᢎ⢒㓹↪㗴ߩᡷ ༀ߇ 1.21㨪2.43ంࡐࡦ࠼ޔᄢੱߩᏱ⠌⠪ᷫዋ ߇0.49㨪1.59ంࡐࡦ࠼ߢߞߚޔ✚⾌↪߮
⋥ ធ 㐳 ᦼ ଢ ⋉ ߢ ߚ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ Ყ ߪ 4.66 㨪 8.38ߢߞߚޕ
Ԝ ߘ ߩ
ઁ
13 2007
Department for Education and Skills(2007)
‘A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Apprenticeships and Other Vocational Qualifications’
ታ ⠌ ᐲ ߣ ⡯ ᬺ ⾗ ᩰ ߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ 㧔Sheffield ᄢ ቇ ߳ ߩ ᆔ⸤⺞ᩏ㧕
ⶄ ᢙ ಽ ㊁ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ታ ⠌ ᐲ ᡰ េ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ
ࡓ ߣ ⡯ ᬺ ⾗ ᩰ ᐲ ߣ ࠍ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ↪ߡᲧセಽᨆߒߡࠆޕ
ಽᨆߩ⚿ᨐޔ⡯ᬺ⾗ᩰᐲዉߦࠃࠆౝㇱ
⋉ ₸ ޔ ⚐ ଔ ୯ ߪ ޔ ᑪ ⸳ ಽ ㊁ ߢ ߪ 30%ޔ 156,523 ࡐ ࡦ ࠼ ޔ ࠛ ࡦ ࠫ ࠾ ࠕ ಽ ㊁ ߢ ߪ ޔ 15%ޔ78,351 ࡐ ࡦ ࠼ ޔ ធ ㆄ ಽ ㊁ ߢ 118%ޔ 57,994 ࡐ ࡦ ࠼ ޔ ࡆ ࠫ ࡀ ࠬ ▤ ℂ ߩ ಽ ㊁ ߢ ޔ 18%ޔ56,765 ࡐࡦ࠼ޔࡦ࠲࡞ࠨࡆࠬߩ ಽ㊁ߢ54%ޔ31,928ࡐࡦ࠼ߢߞߚޕ
Ԝ ߘ ߩ
ઁ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
14 2007
Department for Work and Pensions (2007)
‘Review of the DWP Cost Benefit Framework and how it has been applied’ Working Paper No 40
ഭ ᐕ ㊄ ⋭ ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ
⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߩ ࡈ ࡓ ࡢ
ࠢ ߣ ߘ ߩ ㆡ ↪ ᣇ ᴺ ߦߟߡߩ♖ᩏ
(Maryland Baltimore County ᄢ ቇ ߩ David Greenberg ᢎ ࠄ ߳ ߩ ᆔ⸤⺞ᩏ㧕
2006 ᐕ ߩ ൮ ⊛ ⋥ ߒ ߩ ࠲ ࠗ ࡒ ࡦ ࠣ ߢ ޔ ⋭ ߩ ో ߡ ߩ 㓹 ↪ ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡓ ߦ ߟ ߡ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ታ ᣉ ߒ ޔ ࠟ ࠗ ࠼ ࠗ ࡦ ߩ ㆡ ↪ ࠍ ೨ ឭ ߦ ߒ ߚ ⾌ ↪ ኻ ല ᨐ ⊛ ߥ
⾗ Ḯ ㈩ ಽ ߇ ታ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ ߆ ߤ ߁ ߆ ޔ ߘ ߩ ᡷ ༀ ὐ ߪ ߆ ߦ ߟ ߡ ♖ ᩏ ߒ ߚ ႎ ๔ᦠߢࠆޕ
♖ᩏߦၮߠ߈ޔᡷༀߦะߌߡߩ൘๔ߪ⍴ᦼߣ 㐳ᦼߦᢛℂߐࠇ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
ޣ⍴ᦼޤ
ႎ๔ᦠߦߪ⸘▚ᑼޔ࠺࠲ޔቯޔ್ᢿ╬
ߩ 㑐 ㅪ ࠺ ࠲ ࠍ ␜ ߔ ߎ ߣ ޕ ᗵ ᐲ ಽ ᨆ ߦ ࠃ ߞ ߡޔಽᨆߩᒙὐࠍ␜ߔߎߣޕ
ࡊࡠࠣࡓߦࠃࠆᚲᓧലᨐߦ㑐ߔࠆ⏕ታߥ
࠺࠲߇ᓧࠄࠇߥߣ߈ߪᗵᐲಽᨆࠍㆡ↪ߔ ࠆ╬ޔᘕ㊀ߦᛒ߁ߎߣޕ
⸘▚ߦ߹ࠇߡߥ⾌↪ޔଢ⋉ߩⷐ⚛ࠍ
␜ߔߎߣޕ 㧛╬
ޣ㐳ᦼޤ
ోߡߩઍᦧ᩺ߦߟߡㆡಾߥᚻᴺߦࠃࠅ⚐
ଢ⋉ࠍ▚ቯߔࠆߎߣޕ
࠲ࠥ࠶࠻ጀߦ߅ߡዞᬺᦼ㑆߇⇣ߥࠆ႐ วߦߪޔ㧔ᱜ⏕ߥታᘒ߇ߟ߆ߥߊߡ߽㧕ߘ ࠇࠄࠍ〯߹߃ߚಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߎߣޕ
೨ߦ◲ᤃߥ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆ߇ታᣉߐࠇߡ
ߚ႐วޔߘࠇߣᓟߩಽᨆౝኈࠍኻᲧߒߡ⺑
ߔࠆߎߣޕ 㧛╬
Ԝ ߘ ߩ
ઁ
15 2007
Department for Communities and Local
Government㧔2007㧕
‘Development of a lower-cost sprinkler system for domestic premises in the UK’
⧷ ࿖ ࿖ ౝ ߩ ᣉ ⸳ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ૐ ଔ ᩰ ࠬ ࡊ ࡦ
ࠢߩዉ
(Fire Protection Association ߳ ߩ ᆔ ⸤
⺞ᩏ)
⧷ ࿖ ࿖ ౝ ߩ ᣉ ⸳ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ࠬ ࡊ ࡦ ࠢ
ዉ ߦ ࠃ ࠆ ᱫ ் ⠪ ߩ ᷫ ዋ ޔ ᣉ ⸳ ߩ ᶖ ᄬ ࿁ ㆱ ߥ ߤ ߩ ଢ ⋉ ߣ ޔ ߘ ߩ ዉ ⾌ ↪ ᬌ ᩏ ⾌ ↪ ࠍ Ყ セ ಽ ᨆ ߒ ߚ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ࠆޕ
⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ߢ ߪ ޔ ᦨ ߽ 㜞 ᡷ ㅧ ⾌ ↪ ߩ ႐ วޔᦨ߽ૐᡷㅧ⾌↪ߩ႐วޔߘߒߡᣂ⸳ߩ ᑪ‛ߦ⸳⟎ߔࠆ႐วߩ⚿ᨐ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ
߹ ߕ ޔ ᦨ ߽ 㜞 ⾌ ↪ ߩ ႐ ว ߩ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ Ყ ߪ 0.48ޔᦨ߽ૐ႐วߩ⾌↪ଢ⋉Ყߪ 0.95ޔᣂ
⸳ߩᑪ‛ߦ⸳⟎ߔࠆ႐วߪ2.09ߢߞߚޕߥ ߅ޔ⁁ޔ㒐Ἣ⸳߇ήᣉ⸳ߩ႐วߦߪޔ ᦨ߽㜞⾌↪ߩ႐วߪ 1.17ޔᦨ߽ૐ⾌↪ߩ ႐วߪ2.32ߢߞߚޕ
ԙ㒐ἴ
࠲ࠗ࠻࡞
ㅪ
⇟ ᐕ
ේᢥ ㇌⸶
ಽᨆߩ⋡⊛ ಽᨆ⚿ᨐ ಽ㘃
16 2008
Department for Environment, Food and
Rural Affairs㧔2008㧕
‘A cost benefit analysis of the introduction of site waste management plans for the construction and demolition industry’
ᑪ ⸳ ⸃ ↥ ᬺ ะ ߌ ߩ ႐ ᑄ ᫈ ‛ ▤ ℂ ⸘
↹ ߩ ዉ ߦ ଥ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ⋉ಽᨆ
㧔 Building Research Establishment ␠ ߳ ߩ ᆔ⸤⺞ᩏ㧕
႐ᑄ᫈‛▤ℂ⸘↹㧔SWMPs㧕ࠍᑪ⸳
߮ ⸃ ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ᴺ ⊛ ⟵ ോ ߣ ߒ ߡ ዉ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ߇ ᬌ ⸛ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ߅ ࠅ ޔDefra ߪ 2007 ᐕ4㨪6ߦࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹࡚ࠪ
ࡦ ࠍ ታ ᣉ ߒ ߚ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ߪ ޔ ߎ ߩ ࠦ ࡦ ࠨ
࡞ ࠹ ࠪ ࡚ ࡦ ߣ ઁ ߩ ࠨ ࡌ ࠗ ⚿ ᨐ ߦ ߟ
ߡ ⎇ ⓥ ߒ ޔSWMPs ߩ ዉ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ࠃ ࠅ ⚦ ߥ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ಽ ᨆ ࠍ ឭ ଏ ߔ ࠆ ߽ ߩߢࠆޕ
ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߢ ߪ ޔSWMPs ߩ ⇣ ߥ ࠆ ⷐ ᳞ ࡌ ࡞ ߦ ࠃࠆ⾌↪ޔଢ⋉ߩ㆑ࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔ ห᭽ߦޔ࿖ౝޔ࿖ᄖ߿ޔᑪ⸳ࡊࡠࠬޔᣂⷙ ᑪ⸳ޔᡷୃޔ⸃ߣߞߚ⇣ߥࠆ㕙ߦࠃࠆ
⾌↪ޔଢ⋉ߩᏅ⇣߽ផ⸘ߒߡࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ
17 1999
Envrionment Agency (1999)
‘Costs and Benefits Associated with Remediation of Contaminated
Groundwater: A Review of the Issues’
ᳪ ᨴ ਅ ᳓ ߩ ᵺ ൻ ߦ 㑐ߔࠆ⾌↪ଢ⋉㧦
⺖㗴ߩࡆࡘ
㧔EFTEC ␠ ߳ ߩ ᆔ ⸤
⺞ᩏ㧕
1995 ᐕⅣႺᴺ㧔Environment Act 1995) ߪ ޔ Ⅳ Ⴚ ᐡ ߦ ኻ ߒ ߡ ޔ ߘ ߩ ᮭ 㒢 ⴕ ߦ ଥ ࠆ ⾌ ↪ ଢ ⋉ ࠍ ⠨ ᘦ ߔ ࠆ ߎ ߣ ࠍ ᳞ ߡ ࠆ ޕ ߒ ߆ ߒ ޔ ᳪ ᨴ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ਅ ᳓ ߩ ᵺ ൻ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ߪ ޔ ో ߩ ⾌ ↪ ߿ ଢ ⋉ ޔ ᦨ ߽ ⾌ ↪ ኻ ല ᨐ ߩ 㜞 ᣇ ᴺ ࠍ ㆬ ᛯ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߩ ၮ Ḱ ߇ ሽ ߒ ߡ ߥ ߆ ߞ ߚ ޕ ᧄ ႎ ๔ ᦠ ߪ ޔ ߘ ߩ ࠃ ߁ ߥ ၮ Ḱ ࠍ ⸳ ቯ ߔ ࠆ ߚ ߩ ᦨ ೋ ߩ ࠬ ࠹ ࠶ ࡊ ߣ ߒ ߡ ታ ᣉ ߐ ࠇ ߚޕ
ႎ๔ᦠߢߪޔਅ᳓ᵺൻࠆߪ⼔ߦଥࠆ
⾌↪߿ޔଢ⋉ޔࠬࠢߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇
ࠆ߆ޔಽᨆߩ⺖㗴ߪ߆ࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ ߘߩߢޔᵺൻߦ㑐ߔࠆᗧᕁቯߦ⾌↪ଢ⋉
ಽᨆࠍ⚵ߺㄟߚߦ⠨ᘦߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ
㗄㧔㧦ࠬࠢ⹏ଔ㧕߿ޔფᳪᨴߩᵺ ൻߦ㑐ߔࠆၮḰ߇ޔਅ᳓ᳪᨴߩᵺൻߦ㑐ߒ ߡ߽ోߣߒߡㆡ↪ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ㧔ߚߛߒޔୃ
ᱜ߇ᔅⷐ㧕ޔਅ᳓ᵺൻߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆ ߚߦ⠨ᘦߔߴ߈㗄╬ࠍឭ᩺ߒߡࠆޕ
ԚⅣႺ
ޣ⧷࿖㧝ޤᄢ᳇⾰╷ߦ߅ߌࠆᄙၮḰಽᨆߩ↪
Use of Muti-Criteria Analysis in Air Quality Policy
ⅣႺ㘩♳ㄘၞ⋭㧔DEFRA㧕߮ⅣႺᐡ㧔Environment Agency㧕2003ᐕ11 http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/reports/cat09/0711231556_MCDA_Final.pdf
عⷐ
⧷࿖ᐭߩᄢ᳇⾰ᚢ⇛ߦ߅ߡޔᄙၮḰಽᨆࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦᵴ↪ߒᓧࠆ߆ߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߔ ࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߦޔⅣႺ㘩♳ㄘၞ⋭㧔DEFRA㧕߮ⅣႺᐡ㧔Environment Agency㧕 ߇หߢታᣉߒߚ⎇ⓥߢࠆޕᄙၮḰᗧᕁቯߩᛛⴚߣ DEFRA ߢណ↪ߐࠇߡࠆ⾌↪ଢ
⋉ಽᨆߩᛛⴚߩᲧセޔᣢሽߩࡊࡠࠬߦ߅ߡᄙၮḰಽᨆࠍᵴ↪ߔࠆߎߣߩଢ⋉ޔᄢ᳇⾰
ᚢ⇛ߩਛߢᄙၮḰಽᨆ㧔Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis: MCDA㧕ߦㆡߒߚ㗔ၞߩ․ቯࠍⴕ ߞߡࠆޕ
⎇ⓥߩ⚿ᨐߪ20㗄⋡ߩ⊒㗄ߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕⷐ⚂ߔࠆߣޔᰴߩߣ߅ࠅޕ
⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߣᄙၮḰಽᨆߪ⇣ߥࠆ߇ޔቢ⊛ᛛⴚߢࠆޕ
ᄙၮḰಽᨆߪޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆߢߪ㊄㌛ଔ୯ൻߔࠆߩ߇ਇน⢻ࠆߪ࿎㔍ߥၮḰࠍലᨐ
⊛ߦ⚵ߺㄟߎߣߦࠃࠅޔ⾌↪ଢ⋉ಽᨆࠍᒛߢ߈ࠆޕ
߹ߚޔᄢ᳇⾰ᚢ⇛ߦ߅ߌࠆᄙၮḰಽᨆߩߐࠄߥࠆᵴ↪ࠍ࿑ࠆߚߦᦨㆡߥᣇᴺߪޔᄙၮ Ḱಽᨆߩኾ㐷ኅࠍᐭߩ╷ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ࠴ࡓߦෳടߐߖࠆߎߣߢࠆߣߒߡࠆޕ
ع⚻✲
ᧄ⺞ᩏߪޔNAOߦࠃࠆᬌᩏߦࠃࠅޔᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ‛⾰ߩᷫዋߦ߁ஜᐽ߮ஜᐽએᄖߩଢ⋉
ߩ㊄㌛ଔ୯ൻ߇࿎㔍ߢࠆߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ
31
ߎߣ߇߭ߣߟߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߥߞߡታᣉߐࠇ ߚޕNAO ߦࠃࠆᜰ៰ࠍฃߌޔDEFRA ߮ⅣႺᐡ߇ޔᄢ᳇⾰ᚢ⇛߳ߩᄙၮḰᗧᕁቯಽᨆ ᵴ↪ߦߟߡCatalyze␠ߦ⋧⺣ߒߚߎߣߦࠃࠅታᣉߐࠇߚޕ
⺞ᩏߩ⋡⊛ߪએਅߩ3ὐߢࠆޕ
MCDAߣߔߢߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆCBAᛛⴚߣߩ⋧㆑ὐߩ⹏ଔ
MCDAᛛⴚࠍᣢሽࡊࡠࠬߩቢߣߒߡ↪ࠆߎߣߩଢ⋉ߩ⏕
MCDAߩᵴ↪ߦᦨ߽ㆡߒߚ㗔ၞߩ․ቯ
ع⺞ᩏᣇᴺ
⺞ᩏߪޔᄢ᳇⾰ᚢ⇛㧔Air Quality Strategy: AQS㧕ߩ2ߟ╷㗔ၞࠍขࠅߍޔࡄࠗࡠ࠶
࠻ࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ㧔ࠤࠬ㨯ࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ㧕ߣߒታᣉߒߚޕ2 ߟߩ╷㗔ၞߣߪޔᄢ᳇⾰ᚢ⇛ߩ ᳪᨴ‛⾰ឃᛥ⋡ᮡߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߣࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⼔ߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
⺞ᩏߪޔCatalyze␠ߦࠃࠆDEFRA ߮ⅣႺᐡߩࠗࡦ࠲ࡆࡘߣޔ3࿁ߩࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ
31 NAO㧔2001㧕, “Policy Development: Improving Air Quality”㧔HC 232 Session 2001-2002㧕
ࠍㅢߓߚ 2 ߟߩ㗔ၞߦ㑐ߔࠆࠤࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖߦࠃߞߡⴕࠊࠇߚޕࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߢߪޔ ਛ┙⊛ߥ┙႐ߩࡈࠔࠪ࠹࠲߇ㅴⴕߒߡޔޘߩ⾌↪߮ଢ⋉ߩ⹏ଔ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚޕ⹏
ଔ⚿ᨐߪࠦࡦࡇࡘ࠲ࡌࠬߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦᛩߐࠇߡޔోߩ⚿ᨐ߇▚ቯߐࠇࠆߣ߁
⚵ߺߢߞߚޕ
ع⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ
ࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߢߪޔ߹ߕ MCDA ߣCBA ߩ㘃ૃὐ߮⋧㆑ὐߦߟߡߩ⏕߇ߥߐࠇ ߚ ޕ ᧄ ⺞ ᩏ ߢ ߪ MCDA ߩ ࠬ ࠹ ࠶ ࡊ ߣ ߒ ߡ ޟ ᄙ ၮ Ḱ ಽ ᨆ 㧦 ࡑ ࠾ ࡘ ࠕ ࡞ 㧔Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Manual㧕ޠ
32
ࠍޔCBA ߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߣߒߡࠣࡦ㨯ࡉ࠶ࠢࠍ↪ߡࠆޕߘࠇ ߙࠇߩᚻ㗅ߪᰴߩ࿑ߩߣ߅ࠅߢࠆޕ
࿑ MCDAߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ 1 ᗧᕁቯࠦࡦ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ߩ᭴▽
1.1 MCDAߩ⋡⊛ߩ᭴▽ޔᗧᕁቯ⠪߮ઁߩ㊀ⷐߥ㑐ଥ⠪ߩ․ቯ 1.2 MCDAࠍታᣉߔࠆ␠ળ㧙ᛛⴚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⸳⸘
1.3 ⹏ଔߩࠦࡦ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ߩᬌ⸛
2 ⹏ଔኻ⽎ߣߥࠆࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ․ቯ 3 ⋡ᮡߣၮḰߩ․ቯ
3.1 ฦࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߚߩၮḰߩ․ቯ 3.2 ᒰၮḰߩ⋡ᮡߦኻߒߡ߆ࠄਅߩ㓏ጀߦ♽ൻ
4 ޟࠬࠦࠕઃߌޠ㧦ၮḰߦኻߔࠆฦࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩࡄࡈࠜࡑࡦࠬߩ⹏ଔޕᰴߦޔฦၮḰߦ ኻߔࠆฦࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⚿ᨐߩଔ୯ߩ▚ቯ
4.1 ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⚿ᨐߩ⸥ㅀ
4.2 ၮḰߦၮߠߊࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩࠬࠦࠕઃߌ 4.3 ฦၮḰߦኻߔࠆࠬࠦࠕߩ৻⽾ᕈߩ⏕
5 ޟ㊀ߺઃߌޠ㧦ᗧᕁቯߦኻߔࠆ⋧ኻ⊛ߥ㊀ⷐᐲࠍᤋߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔฦၮḰߩ㊀ߺઃߌ ߩታⴕ
6 ฦࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߦኻߔࠆ㊀ߺઃߌߩ⚿ᨐߣࠬࠦࠕࠍ૬ߖߚోଔ୯ߩ▚ቯ 6.1 ⋡ᮡ♽ߩ㓏ጀᲤߦోߩട㊀ࠬࠦࠕߩ▚ቯ
6.2 ోߩട㊀ࠬࠦࠕߩ▚ቯ 7 ⚿ᨐߩಽᨆ
8 ᗵᐲಽᨆ
8.1 ᗵᐲಽᨆߩታᣉޕઁߩㆬᅢ߿㊀ߺઃߌߦࠃࠆࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ㗅߳ߩᓇ㗀 8.2 ㆬቯߐࠇߚࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ㐳ᚲ⍴ᚲ߮ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߩᲧセ 8.3 ᒰೋߦᬌ⸛ߒߚࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦࠃࠅఝࠇߚᣂⷙࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ
8.4 ޟᔅⷐߥޠࡕ࠺࡞߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߹ߢ⸥ߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߩ➅ࠅߒ
32 Dodgson, J., Spackman, M., Pearman, A., & Phillips, L. (2000) ‘Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Manual’
࿑ CBAߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ 1 ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩᱜᒰൻ
1.1 㧔intervention㧕ߩวℂ⊛ℂ↱ߩ᭴▽
1.2 ߇ࠄࠇߡࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߩ್ᢿ
1.3 㑐ଥߔࠆ⺖㗴ߩࠬࠦࡊߣᐭߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩᩮߩ․ቯ 2 ⋡ᮡߩ⸳ቯ
2.1 ឭ᩺ߩ⿰ᣦߩ╷ቯ
2.2 ࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓޔࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻߮⋡ᮡߩ㓏ጀߩ᭴▽
3 ࡌࠬ㨯ࠤࠬ⸳ቯߩߚߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⹏ଔ
3.1 ⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚߦណࠅᓧࠆࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩ▸࿐ࠍ␜ߒߚࠬ࠻ߩḰ
3.2 ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⾌↪߮ଢ⋉ߩ⹏ଔ
3.3 ಽ㈩ലᨐ߮⋧ኻ⊛ߥଔᩰᄌൻࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߚޔᔅⷐߦᔕߓߚ⾌↪߮ଢ⋉ߩ⺞ᢛ 3.4 ⾌↪߮ଢ⋉ࠍଔ୯ൻߔࠆߚߩഀᒁ
3.5 ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ㑆ߩ⒢㊄ߩ㆑ߩ⺞ᢛ
3.6 ࠬࠢߣᭉⷰ⊛ࠪ࠽ࠝߦኻߔࠆ⺞ᢛޔઍᦧ⊛ࠪ࠽ࠝߩࡌࠬࠤࠬ߮ਥⷐᄌ ᢙߩᄌൻߦࠃࠆࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߩ⠨ᘦ
3.7 ⚐ଢ⋉㧔߹ߚߪ⚐⾌↪㧕ߩ⸘▚
3.8 ㊀ߺઃߌ߮ࠬࠦࠕઃߌࠍ↪ߒߚޔଔ୯⹏ଔߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠄߥ⾌↪߮ଢ⋉ߩ⠨ᘦ 4 ⸃╷ߩ᭴▽߮ታᣉ
4.1 ޟᦨㆡޠࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ․ቯ
4.2 ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߦ߆߆ࠆ㊄㗵ߩᚻߏࠈߐ㧔affordability㧕ߩ್ᢿ
4.3 ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠹࡚ࠪࡦࠍㅢߓߚޟᦨㆡޠࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ♖✺ൻ߹ߚߪࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸃╷
ൻ
4.4 ታᣉ⸘↹ߩ┙᩺
4.5 ⚿ᨐߩឭ␜
4.6 ⸃╷ߩታᣉ
4.7 ⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚߩ╷ޔᣉ╷߮ᬺߩ⁁ᴫߩㅊ〔
ႎ๔ᦠߢߪޔMCDA ߮ CBA ߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߩࡆࡘࠍㅢߓߡޔਔ⠪ߩ㘃ૃὐ߮⋧㆑
ὐߦߟߡᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᢛℂߒߡࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔోߣߒߡߪޔലߥ MCDA߮ CBA ࠍ ታᣉߔࠆߣ߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄߪޔਔ⠪ߦቯ⊛ߥ⋧㆑ὐߪࠄࠇߥߣ⚿⺰ઃߌߡࠆޕ
࿑ MCDA߮CBAߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߩ㘃ૃὐ߮⋧㆑ὐ 㘃ૃὐ
ࠦࡦ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ߩ⸳ቯ߮ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩᱜᒰൻ ಽᨆߩ⋡ᮡ߮วℂ⊛ℂ↱ߩ╷ቯ
⹏ଔߩࠦࡦ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻߮▸࿐ߩᬌ⸛ޕᐭߩߩᱜᒰᕈߩᬌ⸛
⋡ᮡ߮ၮḰߩ․ቯ
ၮḰ㧔ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⹏ଔߩၮḰߣߥࠆࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻㧕߮⋡ᮡߩ㓏ጀ⊛ᢛℂ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ․ቯ
⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߒᓧࠆ╷ޔᚢ⇛߹ߚߪࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩ৻ⷩൻ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⹏ଔ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩၮḰߦኻߔࠆ⾌↪߮ଢ⋉ߩ⹏ଔ
⚿ᨐߩಽᨆ
ޟᦨㆡޠࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ․ቯ
ᗵᐲಽᨆߩታᣉ
ઍᦧ⊛ࠪ࠽ࠝ߮ਥⷐᄌᢙߩᄌൻߦࠃࠆࠗࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߩᬌ⸛
MCDAߩߺߩ․ᓽ MCDAࠍታᣉߔࠆߚߩ␠ળ㧙ᛛⴚ⊛ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⸳⸘
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⚿ᨐߩ⸥ㅀ
ฦၮḰߦኻߔࠆࠬࠦࠕߩ৻⽾ᕈߩ⏕
ᗧᕁቯߦኻߔࠆ⋧ኻ⊛ߥ㊀ⷐᐲࠍᤋߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔฦၮḰߩ㊀ߺઃߌ
⋡ᮡ♽ߩ㓏ጀᲤߦోߩട㊀ࠬࠦࠕߩ▚ቯ
ㆬቯߐࠇߚࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ㐳ᚲ⍴ᚲ߮ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⚵ߺวࠊߖߩᲧセ ޟᔅⷐߥޠࡕ࠺࡞߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ߹ߢ⸥ߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߩ➅ࠅߒ
CBAߩߺߩ․ᓽ
⾌↪߮ଢ⋉ࠍଔ୯ൻߔࠆߚߩഀᒁ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ㑆ߩ⒢㊄ߩ㆑ߩ⺞ᢛ
ࠬࠢߣᭉⷰ⊛ࠪ࠽ࠝߦኻߔࠆ⺞ᢛ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߦ߆߆ࠆ㊄㗵ߩᚻߏࠈߐ㧔affordability㧕ߩ್ᢿ ታᣉ⸘↹ߩ┙᩺
⚿ᨐߩឭ␜
⸃╷ߩታᣉ
⋡ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚߩ╷ޔᣉ╷߮ᬺߩ⁁ᴫߩㅊ〔
MCDA ߮ CBA ߩࡊࡠࠬߩᢛℂߩᓟޔࠤࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖߢขࠅߍࠆߎߣߣߥߞ ߚᄢ᳇⾰ᚢ⇛߮ࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⼔ߩ 2 ߟߩ╷㗔ၞߦߟߡߘࠇߙࠇ MCDA ࠍታᣉߒ ߡࠆޕࠤࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖߪࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊᒻᑼߢ⸘3 ࿁ታᣉߐࠇޔߎߩ߁ߜ 2࿁ߪᄢ
᳇⾰ᚢ⇛ޔ1 ࿁ߪࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⼔ࠍ࠹ࡑߣߒߡⴕࠊࠇߚޕએਅߢߪޔMCDA ࠍℂ⸃ߔ ࠆߢࠃࠅಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔࡕ࠺࡞ߢࠆࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⼔ߩ
33
ࠍ↪ߡޔࡊࡠࠬࠍ
⺑ߔࠆޕ
ࠛ ࠦ ࠪ ࠬ ࠹ ࡓ ⼔ ߦ 㑐 ߔ ࠆ ࡢ ࠢ ࠪ ࡚ ࠶ ࡊ ߩ ⋡ ⊛ ߪ ޔ ․ ⑼ ቇ ⊛ 㑐 ᔃ 㧔Sites of Special Scientific Interest: SSSIs㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⼔ߩߚߩੑ㉄ൻ⎫㤛߮⓸⚛㉄
ൻ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ╷ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔᤨ㑆߇㒢ࠄࠇߡߚߚޔ ࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߢߪੑ㉄ൻ⎫㤛ߩߺߦὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚޕࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߦߪޔ DEFRAޔ ห ⥄ ὼ ⼔ ᆔ ຬ ળ 㧔JNCC34㧕 ޔ Ⅳ Ⴚ ᐡ ߮ ࠬ ࠦ ࠶ ࠻ ࡦ ࠼ Ⅳ Ⴚ ⼔ ᐡ 㧔SEPA35㧕߆ࠄᄙ᭽ߥⷰὐࠍઍߔࠆ6ฬ߇ෳടߒߚޕ
╷ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߪޔࠛࡦ࠹࠶ࠢ␠ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥ㧔Entec Studyޔએਅޟࠛࡦ࠹࠶ࠢࠬ࠲࠺
33
ႎ๔ᦠ⥄ߢߎߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߡ߅ࠅޔࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ⼔ߩߦߟߡᦨೋߦ⺑ࠍⴕߞߡࠆޕ
34 Joint Nature Conservation Committee
35 Scottish Environment Protection Agency
ࠖޠߣ⸒߁㧕
36
߇․ቯߒߚᰴߩ 5ߟࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚޕߕࠇ߽2010ᐕߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 1㧦 ၞోߩਛᄩ୯ߣߒߡ⸘᷹ߐࠇߚỚᐲ߇ޔᐕ㑆ߩਛᄩ୯ߢ 20Ǵg/ণߢޔ SSSIsߩ100㧑߇ㆩ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 2㧦 ၞోߩਛᄩ୯ߣߒߡ⸘᷹ߐࠇߚỚᐲ߇ޔᐕ㑆ߩਛᄩ୯ߢ 10Ǵg/ণߢޔ SSSIsߩ100㧑߇ㆩ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 3㧦 ၞోߩਛᄩ୯ߣߒߡ⸘᷹ߐࠇߚỚᐲ߇ޔᐕ㑆ߩਛᄩ୯ߢ 10Ǵg/ণߢޔ SSSIs ߩ 99.5㧑߇ㆩ㧔ߎߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߪޔታᣉਛߩ╷ߦࠃࠆᦼ ᓙࠕ࠙࠻ࠞࡓߣߒߡ⸳ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ⁁ߣߒߡ⸳ቯߔࠆ㧕
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 4㧦 ၞߩߕࠇ߆ߩὐߩᦨ㜞୯ߣߒߡ⸘᷹ߐࠇߚỚᐲ߇ޔᐕ㑆ߩਛᄩ୯ ߢ20Ǵg/ণߢޔSSSIsߩ100㧑߇ㆩ
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 5㧦 ၞోߩਛᄩ୯ߣߒߡ⸘᷹ߐࠇߚỚᐲ߇ޔᐕ㑆ߩਛᄩ୯ߢ 10Ǵg/ণߢޔ SSSIsߩ100㧑߇ㆩ
37
ࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߢߪ╷⋡⊛߆ࠄ⹏ଔၮḰ߹ߢࠍ㓏ጀൻߒߚޟࡃࡘ࠷㧔value tree㧕ࠍ╷ቯߒߚޕ⾌↪ߪޔᣂⷙߩⅣႺ╷ߦࠃߞߡ⾌↪߇↢ߓࠆᬺ⇇ࠍනߣߒߡ⹏ଔߒޔ ᐕ㑆ᒰߚࠅ⊖ਁࡐࡦ࠼ߩනߢ␜ߐࠇࠆޕኻ⽎ߣߒߡ․ቯߐࠇߚᬺ⇇ߪޔ㔚ജޔ⍹ᴤޔൻ ቇޔ㋕㍑ޔㆇㅍޔߘߩઁߢࠆޕଢ⋉ߩၮḰߪޔࠬࠢ SSSIޔੱ㑆ߩஜᐽ߮ⅣႺଢ⋉ߦ
ಽߐࠇߚޕ
x ࠬࠢSSSI㧦 SSSIߦ߅ߡޔࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣᬀ↢߳ߩⵍኂࠍᷫዋߢ߈ࠆᐲว
x ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߩੱ㑆ߩஜᐽߦኻߔࠆലᨐ㧦 ੑ㉄ൻ⓸⚛Ớᐲߩᷫዋ߇ޔஜᐽⵍኂࠍᷫዋߐ ߖࠆᐲวޕ․ߦޔᐕ㑆ߩᱫ₸߮ๆེ⑼ฃ⸻ߩⷰὐߦࠃࠆޕ
x ⅣႺଢ⋉
¾ SSSI ߳ߩ㕖ቯଢ⋉㧦 SSSI ߳ߩ․ቯߦ߅ߡੑᰴ⊛ߥኻ⽎ߢࠆᬀ‛⋧߮
േ‛⋧߳ߩଢ⋉
¾ ⎫㤛⫾Ⓧߩᷫዋ㧦 ⎫㤛ߩ⫾ⓍߩᷫዋޕߎߩၮḰߪޔ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐߥലᨐߒ߆ᜬߚ ߥߚޔࠤࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖߢߪήⷞߔࠆޕ
¾ ᑪ▽‛߳ߩ៊ኂߩᷫዋ㧦ᑪ▽᧚ߦ៊ኂࠍ߽ߚࠄߔੑ㉄ൻ⓸⚛ߩᷫዋߦࠃࠆޔᑪ▽
‛߳ߩⵍኂߩᷫዋ
¾ ㄘᬺ߳ߩᓇ㗀ߩᷫዋ㧦 ㄘᬺߦኻߔࠆᓇ㗀ߪ࠺࠲߇ߥߚቯ㊂ൻߩኻ⽎ߣߒ ߥޕߚߛߒޔੑ㉄ൻ⎫㤛ߪㄘ‛ߦᓇ㗀ߒᓧࠆߚޔၮḰߦߪࠆޕ
ߎࠇࠄࠍ㓏ጀൻߔࠆߣᰴߩ࿑ߩߣ߅ࠅߢࠆޕ⾌↪ㆬᅢߪޔฦ╷ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩ⾌↪ߦ
36 DEFRA㧔Entec UK Limited in preparation㧕, “Protection of Sites of Special Scientific Interest under the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland”
37
ේᢥߢߪޔࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ2ߣࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ5߇หߓߣߥߞߡࠆޕࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ5ߪޔޟၞߩߕࠇ߆ߩ
ὐߩᦨ㜞୯ߣߒߡ⸘᷹ߐࠇߚỚᐲ߇ޔᐕ㑆ߩਛᄩ୯ߢ10ȝ㨓/ণߢޔSSSIsߩ100%߇ㆩޠߢࠆߣ⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠆ߇ޔෳᾖరߩ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠߪ․ቯߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߚ⏕ߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚޕ
ኻߔࠆㆬᅢࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧔⾌↪߇ૐ߶ߤㆬᅢ߇㜞㧕ޔ⾌↪⥄ߢߪߥޕ
࿑ ࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩࡃࡘ࠷
ᵈ㧕ὐ✢ߢ␜ߒߡࠆ߽ߩߪ⹏ଔߩኻ⽎ᄖ
ᰴߦޔ⾌↪߮ଢ⋉ߩฦၮḰߦࠃࠆࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ㑆ߩࠬࠦࠕઃߌࠍⴕߞߚޕMCDA ߦ߅ߌ ࠆࠬࠦࠕઃߌߩ⋡⊛ߪޔฦၮḰࠍޔㆬᅢᐲࠍ␜ߔ0㨪100߹ߢߩࠬࠤ࡞ߦ⟎ઃߌࠆߎ ߣߢࠆޕㆬᅢᐲߪ 100 ߇ᦨ߽㜞ߊޔ0 ߇ᦨ߽ૐޕࠬࠦࠕઃߌࠍߔࠆ㓙ߦߪޔࠝࡊ࡚ࠪ
ࡦᲤߦⴕ߁႐วߣޔㆬᅢᐲߩᦨ߽㜞㧔ࠆߪૐ㧕ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߣߩ⋧ኻᲧセߢⴕ߁႐ ว߇ࠆޕࠬࠦࠕࠍߟߌࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩޟㆬᅢᐲߩᒝߐޠ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥࠆޕ
߃߫ޔࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦAޔBޔCߩࠬࠦࠕ߇ߘࠇߙࠇ100ޔ80ޔ0ߢߞߚ႐วޔBߣCߩㆬ ᅢᐲߩᏅߪAߣBߩㆬᅢᐲߩᏅߩ4ࠆߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆޕ
ࠛࠦࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔᄢ߈ߊಽߌࠆߣ⋥ធ߮㑆ធߩ 2 ߟߩᣇᴺߢࠬࠦࠕઃߌࠍ ⴕߞߚޕߎࠇߪޔ⾌↪ߦߟߡߪޔࠛࡦ࠹࠶ࠢࠬ࠲࠺ࠖߦࠃࠅోߡߩ⾌↪ၮḰߩᖱႎ ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡߚ߇ޔଢ⋉ߦߟߡߪޔ2 ߟߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩஜᐽଢ⋉ၮḰߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱ ႎߒ߆ߥ߆ߞߚߚߢࠆޕ⾌↪߮ஜᐽଢ⋉ၮḰߦߟߡߪޔ㑆ធ⊛ߥᣇᴺ߇↪ࠄࠇ ߚޕ㑆ធ⊛ߥᣇᴺߢߪޔHiviewࡕ࠺࡞㧔MCDA↪ߩ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠛࠕ㧕ࠍ↪ߡోߡߩ⾌↪࠺
࠲ࠍౣ⹏ଔߒޔᦨ߽⾌↪߇ૐࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩㆬᅢᐲࠍ 100ޔᦨ߽⾌↪߇㜞ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ
ߩㆬᅢᐲࠍ 0 ߣߒޔߘࠇએᄖߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦࠍߘߩ㑆ߦ⟎ઃߌࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ৻ᣇޔߘߩ
ઁߩଢ⋉ၮḰߦߟߡߪ⋥ធ⊛ߥᣇᴺߢ⹏ଔߒߚޕ⋥ធ⊛ߥᣇᴺߢߪޔෳട⠪ߩ⼏⺰ࠍㅢ ߓߡޔฦၮḰߦߟߡޔㆬᅢᐲ߇ᦨ߽㜞ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߣૐࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦࠍࠄ߆ߦߒޔߘ ࠇࠄએᄖߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦࠍ0㨪100ߩ㑆ߦ⟎ઃߌࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ
ߒ߆ߒޔታ㓙ߦߪޔෳട⠪ߪଢ⋉ߩࠬࠢ SSSI ၮḰߦߟߡߪޔ⋥ធ⊛ᣇᴺߦࠃࠆࠬ
ࠦ ࠕ ઃ ߌ ߇ ࿎ 㔍 ߛ ߣ ᗵ ߓ ߚ ޕ ߘ ߩ ߚ ޔ ห ၮ Ḱ ߦ 㑐 ߒ ߡ ߪ ࡑ ࠢ ࡌ ࠬ ࡕ ࠺ ࡞ 㧔 ቯ ᕈ ⊛ MCDA ߩ࠰ࡈ࠻࠙ࠛࠕ㧕ࠍ↪ߚ㑆ធ⊛ޔቯᕈ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࠴ࠍណߞߚޕࡑࠢࡌࠬࡕ࠺࡞
ߢߪޔࡑ࠻࠶ࠢࠬߩⴕߣߦߘࠇߙࠇోߡߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦࠍ㈩⟎ߔࠆޕෳട⠪ߪޔⴕߦ㈩
⟎ߐࠇߚࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ߇ޔኻᔕߔࠆ❑ߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߦኻߔࠆㆬᅢᐲߩᒝߐࠍ⸒⪲ߢ㧔㕖Ᏹߦ ᒝޔᒝޔห╬ޔᒙޔ㕖Ᏹߦᒙ㧕ߔࠆޕෳട⠪㑆ߢㆬᅢᐲߦኻߔࠆวᗧ߇ᓧࠄ ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߦߪޔࡑ࠻࠶ࠢࠬߩ 1 ߟߩࡑࠬߦⶄᢙߩࠍജߒߚޕࡑࠢࡌࠬࡕ
࠺࡞ߦࠃߞߡޔߎࠇࠄߩቯᕈ⊛ࠍ߽ߣߦޔࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ㑆ߩࠬࠦࠕ߇ోߡᢛวߔࠆࠃ߁ ߥᒻߢࠬࠦࠕࠍઃਈߒߚޕ⚿ᨐߣߒߡߡߊࠆ 0㨪100 ߩࠬࠦࠕߪޔHiview ࡕ࠺࡞ߦജ ߐࠇߚޕ
ห৻ၮḰౝߢߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ㑆ߩࠬࠦࠕઃߌ߇ߢ߈ߚߩߜޔၮḰห჻ߩ㊀ߺઃߌࠍⴕߞߚޕ ߎࠇߪޔ ޟࠬࠗࡦࠣ ࠙ࠛࠗ࠹ ࠖࡦࠣ㧔swing-weighting㧕ޠߣ߫ ࠇࠆᣇᴺߢ ⴕߞߚޕࠬ
ࠗࡦࠣ࠙ࠛࠗ࠹ࠖࡦࠣߪޔ1 ߟߩၮḰߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ㑆ߩࠬࠦࠕߩᏅࠍޔઁߩၮḰߩࠝࡊ
࡚ࠪࡦ㑆ߩࠬࠦࠕߩᏅߣᲧセߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔၮḰ㑆ߩ㊀ߺઃߌࠍⴕ߁߽ߩߢࠆޕ⾌
↪ၮḰߦߟߡߪޔࠛࡦ࠹࠶ࠢࠬ࠲࠺ࠖߦࠃࠆ⾌↪ߦᲧߔࠆᒻߢၮḰߩ㊀ߺઃߌࠍ ⴕߞߚޕଢ⋉ၮḰߦߟߡߪޔන߇⇣ߥࠆߚޔࠃࠅⶄ㔀ߢߞߚޕ߹ߕߪޔⅣႺၮḰ ߦߟߡߩ⹏ଔ߇ߥߐࠇߚޕෳട⠪ߦኻߒߡޔޟߎࠇࠄߩၮḰߩࠬࠗࡦࠣ㧔ฦၮḰౝߩࠝ
ࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ㑆ߩࠬࠦࠕߩᏅ㧕ߩ߁ߜޔᦨ߽Ꮕߩᄢ߈߽ߩߪߤࠇ߆ޠߣ߁⾰߇ᛩߍ߆ߌ ࠄࠇߚޕߘߩ⚿ᨐޔ㕖ቯଢ⋉ၮḰߩࠬࠗࡦࠣ߇ᦨ߽ᄢ߈ߣ್ᢿߐࠇޔߎࠇߦ 100 ߣ
߁㊀ߺ߇ઃߌࠄࠇߚޕ㕖ቯଢ⋉ၮḰߣᲧセߒߚߣ߈ߦޔᑪ▽‛ၮḰߪ50ߣ⹏ଔߐࠇߚޕ
ᰴߦޔⅣႺၮḰߣޔࠬࠢ SSSI ߮ஜᐽၮḰߩ㊀ߺઃߌࠍⴕߞߚޕߘߩ⚿ᨐޔ⹏ଔߩኻ
⽎ߣߥߞߚၮḰߩ㊀ߺߪߘࠇߙࠇޔࠬࠢ SSSI ߇ 100ޔஜᐽ߇ 10ޔ㕖ቯ߇ 55ޔᑪ▽‛
߇28ߣߥߞߚޕ
⾌↪ߣଢ⋉߇ޘߦ⹏ଔߐࠇߚߚޔᦨᓟߦޔ⾌↪ߩනߣଢ⋉ߩනࠍ⺞ᢛߔࠆᔅⷐ ߇ߞߚޕෳട⠪߇᭽ޘߥࠬ࠹ࠢࡎ࡞࠳ߩⷰὐࠍ〯߹߃ߡ⼏⺰ߒߚ⚿ᨐޔ⾌↪ߣଢ⋉
ߩଔ୯ߩනߪޔන⚐ߦหߓߣߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ
ߎࠇࠄߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡዉߐࠇߚฦㆬᅢᐲࠍⓍߺߍࠆߣޔએਅߩ࿑ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕᦨ
߽ᦸ߹ߒߩߪࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ2㧔ㆬᅢᐲߩว⸘߇76㧕ߣߥࠆޕ
࿑ ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ㑆ߩㆬᅢᐲߩᲧセ
࠷
㗄⋡
㊀ߺઃߌ ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 1
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 2
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 3
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 4
ࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦ 5
⾌↪ㆬᅢ 50 99 77 100 59 0
ଢ⋉ 50 15 76 12 31 100
ว⸘ 100 57 76 56 45 50
2 ߟߩࠤࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖࠍㅢߓߡᓧࠄࠇߚ⠨ኤࠍ20ઙߩ⊒㗄ߣߒߡ߹ߣߡࠆޕ ߘࠇࠄߩⷐߪᰴߩߣ߅ࠅߢࠆޕ
1. MCDA߮CBAߢ↪⺆߇⇣ߥࠆᣇࠍߐࠇߡࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅᷙੂ߇↢ߓࠆޕ 2. MCDAߪޔ㊄㌛⊛߮㕖㊄㌛⊛ߥ߆ߥࠆၮḰ߽ᝒߢ߈ࠆޕ
3. CBA ߪ MCDA ߦኻߒߡ㊄㌛⊛ࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ࠍឭଏߢ߈ࠆޕਔ⠪ߪઍᦧ⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࠴
ߢߪߥޕ
4. MCDAߪ␠ળ⊛߮ᛛⴚ⊛ࡊࡠࠬࠍ⛔วߔࠆޕ
5. MCDAߪ㊄㌛⊛߮㕖㊄㌛⊛ࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ࠍᲧセߔࠆߚߩಽᨆᨒ⚵ߺࠍឭଏߔࠆޕ 6. MCDAߦ߅ߡߪޔၮḰߩ㊀ߺઃߌߩߚߦੱ㑆ߩ್ᢿ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆޕ
7. MCDAߩౖဳ⊛ߥࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߢࠆ࿑ߪޔℂ⸃ࠍഥߌࠆ߽ߩߣߥࠆޕ 8. MCDAߦ߅ߡߪޔ࠙ࠛࠗ࠻ઃߌߩᱜ⏕ᕈߪ᳞ࠄࠇߥޕ
9. MCDA ߪޔࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߩਥߥ㐳ᚲ߮⍴ᚲޔ߹ߚޔઁߩࠝࡊ࡚ࠪࡦߣߩ⋧㆑ὐࠍ⊒
ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍឭଏߔࠆޕ
10. ࠣ࡞ࡊߦࠃࠆࡕ࠺ࡦࠣߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡࠆ MCDA ߣޔޟⵣߩㇱደޠߢታᣉߐࠇ ࠆCBAߢߪ⇣ߥࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥࠅᓧࠆޕ
11. MCDAߦ߅ߡߪޔㆡಾߥࠬࠤࡦࠣᛛⴚ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆޕ
12. MCDA ࡕ࠺ࡦࠣߩࡢ࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߦߪޔታᣉߩߚߩ‛ℂ⊛ⅣႺᢛ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆޕ
13. MCDAࡐ࠻ࡈࠜࠝࡕ࠺࡞ߪ੍▚㈩ಽߩല₸ᕈࠍᡷༀߒᓧࠆޕ