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転がり接触応力場における微小ドリル穴エッジ部のモード II 応力拡大係数

第 2 章 転がり接触下のモード II 応力拡大係数の FEM 解析

2.3 転がり接触応力場における微小ドリル穴エッジ部のモード II 応力拡大係数

2.3 転がり接触応力場における微小ドリル穴エッジ部のモード II 応

円盤状き裂の場合が−1 であったのに対して,ドリル穴エッジのき裂の場合は約−2.7 で あった.この違いは,ドリル穴部に応力を受け持つ弾性体が存在しないことによって生 じたと考えられる.このKIIの正負のピークの差分KIIを,種々のドリル穴直径d と深 さh’,接触面圧条件qmaxの組み合わせについて計算した.

Fig. 2.19

に,それらの結果を,

ドリル穴を含むき裂半径(d/2+a’)とKIIの関係として示す.また,

Fig. 2.19

には,式(2.3) において,き裂半径をa = (d/2+a’)とし,エッジ深さ h’に作用する公称せん断応力範囲

を用いて求めたKIIの値も併せて実線で示している.2.2 節で示したように,転がり 接触応力場に存在する円盤状き裂のKIIは,き裂半径a

0.1 mm

よりも小さい場合,

解析解から求まるKII0とほぼ一致する.これに対し,ドリル穴エッジ部から発生したき

裂のKIIは,

(d/2+a’) ≤ 0.1 mm

の場合でも円盤状き裂のKIIり小さかった.この違いも,

ドリル穴部に応力を受け持つ弾性体が存在しないことによるものと推定される.また,

ドリル穴直径が大きいほど,両者の乖離は増大した.これらの傾向は,最大接触面圧に

よらず,qmax

2.0 GPa

から

3.0 GPa

の範囲では同様であった.また,種々のエッジ深さ

(h’ = 0.05 mm, 0.100 mm, 0.220 mm, 0.345 mm)において同様の傾向が確認された.

Fig. 2.14 Geometry of drilled hole. The drilled hole has a ring-shaped crack at the edge.

d: Diameter of drilled hole

h':Depth of edge

120°

Ring-shaped crack

Fig.2.15 Cross section of drilled hole after fatigue test. (qmax = 2.5 GPa, N = 2.6×108 cycle) Small cracks were observed at the hole edge.

0.050 mm Crack from edge Load movement direction

(a) FEM contact model. (b) Ring-shaped crack around hole edge.

Fig. 2.16 FEM model of the contact between ball and flat plate having a small drilled hole.

All the model has a ring-shaped crack at the edge of drilled hole.

10 mm

z x y

h'= 0.100 mm

Ring-shaped crack around hole edge d= 0.100 mm

Point C

80 mm

20 mm

Elastic flat body

x z

Rigid rolling elemet Load

Load movement direction

a'= 0.010 mm Point C

Table 2.4 Results of FEM analysis for different maximum contact pressures and hole depths.

Load case 1 Load case 2 Load case 3

Maximum contact pressure, qmax [GPa] 3.00 2.50 2.00

Applied load force to rolling element, F [N] 4645.8 2684.5 1375.4 Semi-major axis of contact area, sa [mm] 3.72 3.10 2.48 Semi-minor axis of contact area, sb [mm] 0.198 0.165 0.132

Maximum value of shear stress, xz [MPa] 750 625 500

Depth that maximum shear stress works, z0 [mm] 0.099 0.083 0.066

Shear stress xz at z = 0.050 mm [MPa] 681 591 491

Shear stress xz at z = 0.100 mm [MPa] 750 619 477

Shear stress xz at z = 0.220 mm [MPa] 624 471 326

Shear stress xz at z = 0.345 mm [MPa] 474 343 227

Fig. 2.17 Ring-shaped crack emanated from hole edge under rolling contact.

The change in KII at point C was evaluated.

z

Load movement direction

d d a'' a'

x y

o

h'

Ring-shaped crack C

(a) qmax = 3.0 GPa

(b) qmax = 2.5 GPa

(c) qmax = 2.0 GPa

Fig. 2.18 Change in stress intensity factor KII caused by the movement of ball under compressive contact:

d = 0.100 mm, h’ = 0.100 mm. In common with the cases of penny-shaped crack, KII varied from the negative peak to the positive peak.

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Mode II stress intensity factor KII[MPam1/2]

Distance between the center of rolling element and the center of drilled hole, x[mm]

KII

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Mode II stress intensity factor KII[MPam1/2]

Distance between the center of rolling element and the center of drilled hole, x[mm]

KII

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Mode II stress intensity factor KII[MPam1/2]

Distance between the center of rolling element and the center of drilled hole, x[mm]

KII

(a-1) qmax = 3.0 GPa (a-2) qmax = 2.5 GPa (a-3) qmax = 2.0 GPa (a) h’ = 0.050 mm.

(b-1) qmax = 3.0 GPa (b-2) qmax = 2.5 GPa (b-3) qmax = 2.0 GPa (b) h’ = 0.100 mm.

(c-1) qmax = 3.0 GPa (c-2) qmax = 2.5 GPa (c-3) qmax = 2.0 GPa (c) h’ = 0.220 mm.

(d-1) qmax = 3.0 GPa (d-2) qmax = 2.5 GPa (d-3) qmax = 2.0 GPa (d) h’ = 0.345 mm.

Fig. 2.19 Stress intensity factor range as a function of defect size at four different edge depths. KII values of the

hole-0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a' [mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

Stress intensity factor range KII [MPam1/2]

Radias of defect, d/2+a'[mm]

Edge of drilled holeunder rolling contact stress (FEM) Solid line: Penny-shaped crack under

uniformly distributed stress (Kassir & Sih)

2.4 転がり接触応力場における微小ドリル穴エッジ部の応力拡大係