observations
ȼ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪɦ:
1) Ɇɟɱɟɧɶɟ ɫɚɦɰɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ – ɤɚɦɧɟɣ, ɫɬɟɧ ɞɨɦɢɤɚ, ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɶɟɪɚ. ɑɚɳɟ ɨɧ ɦɟɬɢɥ ɦɨɱɨɣ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ – ɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɳɟɤɚɦɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ Ɏɪɚɧɤɚ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ, 1,7 ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ\ɱɚɫ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɭɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ (ɬɚɛɥ.3). ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɱɟɧɶɹ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɸ ɫ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɤɢ: ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɟɺ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ (Rs= 0,55, t(N-2)= 3,09, ɪ=0,0054) ɢ ɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ (Rs= 0,63, t(N-2)= 3,83, ɪ=0,0009), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ Ɏɪɚɧɤɚ – ɫ ɨɛɧɸɯɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɫɚɦɤɢ (Rs= 0,53, t(N-2)= 2,90, ɪ= 0,0083) ɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ (Rs= 0,70, t(N-2)= 4,67, ɪ=0,0001).
2) Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɧɸɯɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɰɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɫɚɦɤɢ -ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɨɧɚ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ. Ɉɛɧɸɯɢɜɚɹ ɫɥɟɞɵ, ɫɚɦɟɰ ɛɵɥ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɺɧ, ɧɢɡɤɨ ɩɪɢɫɚɠɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɥɚɩɵ, ɞɨɥɝɨ ɧɸɯɚɥ ɡɟɦɥɸ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɢɥ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɚɦɤɨɣ. ȼɨ ɜɫɺɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ (5,9 ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ\ɱɚɫ) ɢ ɛɵɥɨ
ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɨ ɤ ɭɬɪɟɧɧɟ-ɜɟɱɟɪɧɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɬɚɛɥ. 3). ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɤɢ (Rs= 0,68, t(N-2)= 4,40, ɪ= 0,0002).
3) ȼɚɥɹɧɶɟ ɩɨ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɧɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɰɚ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɤɢ (ɭ ɫɚɦɤɢ – 0,91 ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ \ɱɚɫ, ɭ ɫɚɦɰɚ - 0,98;
ɬɚɛɥ. 3). ɋɢɧɞɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɫɚɦɰɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɰɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɚɦɤɚ ɩɵɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ: ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ, ɨɛɧɸɯɢɜɚɥɚ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɪɞɭ, ɝɥɚɞɢɥɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɥɢɡɵɜɚɥɚ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ.
ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɬɚɧɶɟ ɫɚɦɤɢ ɩɨ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɷɫɬɪɭɫɚ (ɑɟɥɵɲɟɜɚ, 2006). Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨ ɋɩɢɪɦɟɧɭ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɤɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɫɚɦɰɚ (Rs= 0,55, t(N-2)= 3,06, ɪ=0,0057). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɬɚɤɨɟ ɠɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɰɚ (ɜɚɥɹɧɶɟ) ɧɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ - ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɰɚ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɨɧɨ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ. ɇɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɟɬɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɭɪɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɧɹ (ɬɚɛɥ. 3).
4) Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ:
ɚ) ɇɚɡɨ-ɧɚɡɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ, ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨ ɨɛɥɢɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɪɞɵ, ɩɨɝɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɢ ɫɩɢɧɵ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɢɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɟɰ ɢ ɫɚɦɤɚ - ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɧɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɪɚɤɨɣ. ɛ) Ɇɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɰɚ ɤɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ ɫɚɦɤɟ ɫ ɨɛɧɸɯɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɺ ɫɡɚɞɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɦɢ ɜɵɥɢɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɺ ɚɧɨɝɟɧɢɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɋɚɦɟɰ ɜ ɷɬɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɭɛɟɝɚɥ ɩɪɢ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɫɚɦɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɚɦɰɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 3,6 ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ/ɱɚɫ, ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɤɢ – 0,8. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɚɦɰɚ ɱɚɳɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɜɟɱɟɪɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɵ, ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɚɦɤɢ - ɭɬɪɨɦ (ɬɚɛɥ. 3). ȿɫɥɢ ɫɚɦɟɰ ɧɟ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɤɢ, ɨɧɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɦɹɭɤɚɥɚ ɢ ɭɛɟɝɚɥɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɟɳɺ ɜɚɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦ.
Ʉɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɰɚ ɫ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɤɢ (ɫ ɟɺ ɜɚɥɹɧɶɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɧɟ - (Rs= 0,55, t(N-2)= 3,06, ɪ=0,0057), ɫ ɟɺ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ - (Rs= 0,52, t(N-2)= 2,84, ɪ=0,0094), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɟɺ ɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ (Rs= 0,80, t(N-2)= 6,15, ɪ=0,0000).
Ɂɚ ɜɫɺ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɚ ɜ ɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɟɱɟɪɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɭ ɫɚɦɰɚ 12,28 ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ \ɱɚɫ, ɭ ɫɚɦɤɢ – 3,35 (ɬɚɛɥ. 3). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɰɚ, ɦɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ (ɫɚɞɤɢ, ɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ). Ⱦɚɠɟ ɜ ɞɧɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɥ ɫɚɞɨɤ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɞɚɜɚɥ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ («ɬɪɟɫɤ»). Ɉɧ ɛɵɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɺɧ, ɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɢɥ, ɧɸɯɚɥ
ɫɥɟɞɵ ɫɚɦɤɢ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɥ ɤ ɧɟɣ, ɜɵɥɢɡɵɜɚɥ ɟɺ ɫɩɢɧɭ, ɨɛɧɸɯɢɜɚɥ ɚɧɨɝɟɧɢɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ. ȼ ɞɧɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɨɜ (3-4 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ) ɛɵɥɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɟ ɜɚɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɭ ɫɚɦɤɢ ɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɷɪɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɧɢɫ ɭ ɫɚɦɰɚ. ȼɫɺ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɨ ɬɚɤ, ɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɫɚɦɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɚ ɤ ɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɸ, ɧɨ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɦɰɚ ɟɺ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɥɨ, ɢ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɋɢɧɞɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɨɧɹɥɚ Ɏɪɚɧɤɚ.
Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɬɟɫɬɨɫɬɟɪɨɧɚ ɭ ɫɚɦɰɚ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɜɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɋɢɧɞɢ, ɜɢɞɢɦɨ, ɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
ɇɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɦ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (02-23 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ) ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɫɩɥɟɫɤɨɜ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɡɜɟɪɟɣ.
ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ «ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟ» ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɟɧɢ, ɢɥɢ ɫ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ – ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɞɨɠɞɹɦɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɫɚɦɰɚ Ɏɪɚɧɤɚ ɢ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɝɟɩɚɪɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɚɪɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɧɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ.
Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɭ ɫɚɦɰɚ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ (ɑɟɥɵɲɟɜɚ, 2006). ɉɨɯɨɠɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥ ɭ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɟɜɨɥɟ ɬɢɝɪɚ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ: ɨɧ ɞɟɥɚɥ ɫɚɞɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɚɦɤɭ, ɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɥ ɬɨɥɱɤɨɜɵɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɬɚɡɨɦ (ɢɧɬɪɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ) ɧɚɞɟɟɫɩɢɧɨɣ.
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɛɵɥɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɰɚ (ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ Ɏɪɚɧɤ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɥ, ɚ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ȿ.ȼ.ɑɟɥɵɲɟɜɨɣ (2006) ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɱɟɧɶɟ ɫɚɦɰɚɦɢ ɝɟɩɚɪɞɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɚɦɨɤ). ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɰɚ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɸ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɤɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɚɬɬɟɪɧɨɜ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɝɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɚɦɢ.
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦɤɢ ɝɟɩɚɪɞɨɜ ɫɚɦɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɚɦɰɨɦ (ɑɟɥɵɲɟɜɚ, 2006). ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɨɜ.
ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵ.
ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɟ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨɦ (ɜɜɢɞɭ ɧɟɯɜɚɬɤɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɞɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɶɟɪɚɯ - ɂ.ȼ.ȿɝɨɪɨɜ). ɉɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɩɚɪɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɯ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɦɚɥɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ (ɑɟɥɵɲɟɜɚ, 2006).
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ⱦɶɸɫɛɟɪɢ Ⱦ. 1981. ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. Ɇ.: «Ɇɢɪ». 479 ɋ.
ɉɨɩɨɜ ɋ.ȼ., ɂɥɶɱɟɧɤɨ Ɉ.Ƚ. 2008. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɡɚ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɜɨɥɟ, c.3-66 // ɜ ɫɛ.: Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤɚɯ.
ȿɜɪɨɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɢ ɚɤɜɚɪɢɭɦɨɜ, Ɇ. 165 ɋ.
Ɍɤɚɱɟɜɚ ȿ.ɘ., Ʌɢɮɚɧɨɜɚ Ɉ.Ȼ. 2005. Ȼɟɫɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤɨɜ – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ // ɜ ɫɛ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ, Ɇ., ɜ.18. ɫ.119 - 128.
Ɍɤɚɱɟɜɚ ȿ.ɘ., Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɢɱɟɜɚ ɂ.Ⱥ., Ʌɢɮɚɧɨɜɚ Ɉ.Ȼ. 2009. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɬɟɫɬɨɫɬɟɪɨɧɚ ɭ ɫɚɦɰɨɜ ɦɚɧɭɥɚ (Otocolobus manul) ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤɟ //ɜ ɫɛ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɤɚɯ, Ɇ, ɜ.25, ɫ.89 – 97.
ɑɟɥɵɲɟɜɚ ȿ.ȼ. 2006. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɩɚɪɞɚ (Acinonyx jubatus) ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɜɨɥɟ: ɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨɛ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ // ɜ ɫɛ.: ɏɢɳɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ȿɜɪɨɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤɨɜ ɢ ɚɤɜɚɪɢɭɦɨɜ, Ɇ., ɫ.32-62.
Summary
E.V. Zubtchaninova, E.Yu. Tkacheva. Behaviour of cheetahs in Moscow zoo.
Report 2. Social behaviour. Affiliative and sexual behaviour of a couple of cheetahs (aged 5 and 7 years) in Moscow zoo is described. During 2,5 years these animals were kept in adjacent cages. In 2009 they were introduced in an enclosure of 650 m2 but matings have not been observed. The article makes an attempt to understand the reason of breeding absence. The male under study was found to be fertile: testosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in his faeces (900 ng/g wet faeces) showed that his testosterone level corresponded to that of the breeding male.
24 observations on cheetahs’ behaviour were made in September, 2-23, 2009 using scan-sampling method (1528 registrations). Cheetahs demonstrated affiliative behaviour - absence of aggression, rest in close contact or side by side (12,85 registrations/hour). Sexual behaviour (12,28 registrations on average in the male and 3,35 in the female) consisted of several forms – marking and exploring of female’s marks - in the male; wallow on the ground – both animals; sexual contacts – mutual sniffing, patting, licking the partner’s head and back, sniffing the female’s ano-genital area by the male. The female demonstrated agonistic behaviour more intensively (break of contacts, threat towards partner, kicks and bites). During three weeks sexual behaviour of both partners periodically increased but mounting attempts and mating have not been seen.
Statistical analysis for ranking data showed significantly high positive correlation:
a) between males’ sexual activity and females’ sexual behavior; b) between males’
sexual activity and females’ agonistic behavior. Significantly high antithetical correlation was shown between animals’ affiliative behavior and their sexual activity.
Breeding absence might be caused by incompatibility of partners (free partners choice is recommended), loss of sexual experience for the male, prolonged keep of partners in adjoining enclosures (their long-term introduction).
Ɉɩɵɬ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɭ ɬɢɝɪɨɜ (Panthera tigris) ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤɟ
ɇ.Ⱥ. ȼɟɫɟɥɨɜɚ, ȿ.ɋ. ɇɟɩɪɢɧɰɟɜɚ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤ
Ɉɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɟɜɨɥɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ (ɉɨɩɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ., 2006; ɇɟɩɪɢɧɰɟɜɚ, ȼɨɳɚɧɨɜɚ, 2007). Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ – ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɷɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ (ɉɨɩɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ., 2008). ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɯɢɳɧɵɯ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ: ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɜ – ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɝɪɨɜ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɡɨɨɩɚɪɤɟ.
Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ:
1. ɉɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɢɝɪɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɯɨɬɧɢɱɶɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɝɪɨɜ.
3. Ɉɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɬɢɝɪɨɜ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɞɜɭɦ ɩɨɞɜɢɞɚɦ: ɛɟɧɝɚɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ (Panthera tigris tigris) (ɛɟɥɚɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɹ) ɢ ɚɦɭɪɫɤɨɦɭ (Panthera tigris altaica) ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɚɜɝɭɫɬ 2010 ɝɨɞɚ. ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɨɥɶɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥ ɢɡ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɶɟɪɵ ɫ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɦ. ȼ ɜɨɥɶɟɪɚɯ ɢɦɟɥɢɫɶ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɬɢɥɵ, ɠɢɜɵɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ, ɛɪɟɜɧɚ, ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɢɥɢ ɪɨɜ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɜɨɥɶɟɪɚɯ ɩɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨ (ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɧɶ). Ȼɟɧɝɚɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɬɢɝɪɚɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɛɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɤɚɧɢɫɬɪɵ, ɦɹɱɢ), ɭ ɚɦɭɪɫɤɢɯ ɬɢɝɪɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ.
ȼ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɶɟɪɚɯ.
Ȼɟɧɝɚɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɬɢɝɪɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɜ:
ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ
(ɤɚɟɩɭɬ, ɱɚɣɧɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ, ɩɭɫɬɵɪɧɢɤ, ɜɚɥɟɪɢɚɧɚ) ɢ ɧɚɜɨɡ ɤɨɩɵɬɧɵɯ (ɚɧɬɢɥɨɩɚ ɝɧɭ); ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɜɨɥɶɟɪɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɭɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ. ȼ ɜɨɥɶɟɪɭ ɚɦɭɪɫɤɢɯ ɬɢɝɪɨɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɟ ɛɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɭɫɵ.
ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥ ɢɡ 5 ɞɧɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ: ɮɨɧɨɜɵɟ, ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɜ ɢɡɵɦɚɥɢɫɶ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɡɨɜ (ɉɨɩɨɜ, ɂɥɶɱɟɧɤɨ, 2008) ɫ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ 30-ɦɢɧɭɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɫɫɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 1 ɦɢɧɭɬɚ ɩɨ ɞɜɟ ɫɟɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ 14.00 ɩɨ 16.00. ȼɫɟɝɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ 60 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ (ɬɚɛɥ.1). Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ