3.ɉɟɣɜɟ Ⱥ.Ⱥ.,ɑɚɦɨɜ ɇ.ɉ.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɢ ɯɪɟɛɬɚ Ʉɧɢɩɨɜɢɱɚ (ɋɟɜɟɪ-ɧɚɹ Ⱥɬɥɚɧɬɢɤɚ)ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ // Ƚɟɨɬɟɤɬɨɧɢɤɚ.
2008.ʋ 1. ɋ. 37–57.
4.Dick H.J., Lin J., Schouten H. An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge // Nature.
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5. Wijk J.W., Blackman D.K. Development of en echelon magmatic segments along oblique spreading ridges // Geology. 2007. V. 35, ʋ 7. P. 599–602.
6.Engen Ø., Faleide J., Dyreng T. Opening of the Fram Strait gateway: A review of plate tectonic constraints // Tectonophysics. 2008. V. 450. P. 51–69.
ȼ.ɂ.ɉɟɬɪɨɜɚ1
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɣ
ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ : ɨɛɡɨɪ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ (ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ). Ɋɟɥɢɤɬɨɜɵɟ ɛɢɨɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ (ɚɥɤɚɧɵ, ɰɢɤɥɚɧɵ, ɚɪɟɧɵ) ɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɚ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ
«ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɤɚɦɢ», ɢɥɢ «ɯɟɦɨɮɨɫɫɢɥɢɹɦɢ», ɢ ɞɚɸɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ-ɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɥɢɬɨɮɚɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ [2, 3, 4].
ɐɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɱɚɬɨ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ 1970-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨɡ-ɞɚɧɢɹ ɇɉɈ «ɋȿȼɆɈɊȽȿɈ»,ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɦɢ-ɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ. Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ,ɬɚɤ ɢ ɷɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ.ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɵɥ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚ-ɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɛɨɥɟɟ 3000 ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ)ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ-ɥɟɧɢɸ,ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɊɈȼ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɮɨɧɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɹɯ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ-ɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɨɪɮɨɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɨ-ɮɚɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɧɚ-ɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ.Ȼɵɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ,ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢ-ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ-ɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɊɈȼ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢ-ɤɢ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢ-ɤɢɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨ-ɠɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɪɟ-ɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ,ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɞɢɤɚ-ɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɊɈȼ ɜ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɱɟ-ɬɵɪɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ.
1.ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫ-ɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɚ ɊɈȼ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɲɟɥɶɮɚ.ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ,ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ-ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɣ 1991–2005 ɝɝ., ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɭɛɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ-ɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɲɟɥɶɮɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟ-ɧɵ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɩɨɫɬɪɨɟ-ɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ Ɉȼ – ɋɤɚɪɛ, ɋɨɪɝ,ɝɭɦɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ,ɛɢɬɭɦɨɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ.ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɪɪɟ-ɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɨɜ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫ ɊɈȼ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɢɨɧɬɧɨɣ,ɝɭɦɭɫɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ.
Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɊɈȼ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ,ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɧɨɫ ɚɬɥɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɞ,ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɤ, ɛɟɪɟɝɨɜɭɸ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɸ ɢ ɚɷɪɨɡɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ; ɊɈȼ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɟ
-ɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɭɝɥɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɧɨɫɚ ɨɫɚɞɨɱ-ɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ – ɒɩɢɰɛɟɪɝɟɧɨɦ ɢ ɁɎɂ, ɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɊɈȼ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɉɟɱɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ Ʉɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬ-ɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ, ɨɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ,ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ-ɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɈȼ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɦɨɪɟɣ Ʌɚɩɬɟɜɵɯ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-ɋɢɛɢɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɚ-ɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɤɚ.
2. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɢɝɪɚɮɢɢ. ɉɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚ-ɥɚɦ ɞɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ,ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɲɢɪɨɬɧɵɯ ɷɤɫ-ɩɟɞɢɰɢɣ ɇɗɋ «Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜ»,ȺɅ «Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ» (2000, 2005, 2007 ɝɝ.) ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɊɈȼ ɤɚɣɧɨɡɨɣɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɟɜɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɦɟɪɚɡɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɋɅɈ.ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɵɯɥɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɯɥɚ ɜɨɫ-ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɋɅɈ.ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɨ ɷɬɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɬɨɱ-ɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɥɚɩɬɟɜɨɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɲɟɥɶɮɚ, ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɢɧɵ Ⱥɦɭɧɞɫɟɧɚ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɚɪɤɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɚ ɜɵɹɜɢɥɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬ -ɪɵ ɊɈȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ,ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɨɞ.
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɥɟɣɫɬɨɰɟɧ-ɝɨɥɨɰɟɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɧɹ-ɬɢɹ Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ Ɉȼ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɲɟɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɟɡɨɤɚɬɚɝɟɧɟɡɚ.
– Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɭɛɚɤɜɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨ-ɝɧɨɡɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɥɟɠɟɣ. Ƚɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨ -ɝɧɨɡɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɥɟɠɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɬɨɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɷɤɪɚɧɚɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ,ɜ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɨɦ ɱɟɯɥɟ ɧɚɞ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɦɢ,ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɩɨɱɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ. ȼ ɫɭɛɚɤɜɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɞɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɯ Ȼɚɪɟɧɰɟɜɚ ɢ ɉɟɱɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ,ɱɬɨ ɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɍȼ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢ
-ɮɢɤɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɥɟɠɢ (ɧɟɮɬɹ-ɧɨɣ,ɝɚɡɨɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɧɨɣ,ɝɚɡɨɜɨɣ), ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɨ-ɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ.
–Ƚɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ.ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ,ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ,ɧɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɣ (ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ-ɬɪɚɰɢɣ) ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,ɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɦɟ-ɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɫ-ɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɭɫɬɚ-ɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,ɩɨɥɢɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ (ɉȺɍ),ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɧ-ɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɸ [5].
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɢ ɉȺɍ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ -ɲɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɝɟɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨ-ɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɚɪɟɧɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ.
Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ,ɱɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɉȺɍ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦ-ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ), ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɚ – ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ.ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɚɪɟɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ (ɩɢɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ,ɧɚɮɬɢɞɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ) ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɚɯ ɚɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɪɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɨɫ -ɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ). Ɉɛɨɛ-ɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ
«AMAP Oil and PAH Assessment Report» (2007).
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɥɟɝɥɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɚɤ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ,ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɍɫɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɮɬɹ-ɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɚɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɸ ɉɟɱɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɵ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɟɨɷɤɨɥɨ-ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɤɨɜɨɞɶɹ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨ-Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɲɟɥɶɮɚ (Ʉɚɧɞɚɥɚɤɲɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɢɜ,ɑɟɲɫɤɚɹ ɝɭɛɚ,ɲɟɥɶɮ ɨ-ɜɚ Ʉɨɥɝɭɟɜ,Ɉɛɫɤɚɹ ɝɭɛɚ).
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
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ɇ.Ⱥ.ɉɟɬɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ1