* 硄癟E-mail: [email protected]
礷狵 苛 祇▅羉崔のㄤ
πてユЮ籔 ︽
瑇 * 貉碊 ゅ纒
台㆗縣霧峰鄉 行政院農業委員會農業藥物毒物試驗所 ( ら戳 地チ瓣 92 7 る 12 ら)篕 璶
瑇 * 貉碊ゅ纒 2003 礷狵 苛 祇▅羉崔のㄤπ てユЮ籔 ︽ 从玂穦 45：185 – 197 25±1°C70±5 % RH の 12L:12D 酚 ﹚放絚 だ 籔ドμ 箎箎▅礷狵 苛Apomyelois ceratoniae Zeller–ら芠诡ㄤネ祇▅籔羉崔 狦 箎▅ 瞯 挛笷8 闹戳慧 砰 籔 秖 耕ドμ箎箎▅ 羉崔ョτ ┦ゑ瞯籔ドμ 箎箎▅笷65.4 % 籔ドμ箎箎▅礷狵 苛ㄤ戳 だ 4.0±0.33.9±0.3 ら 挛戳だ 68.0±15.720.2±2.7 ら慧籔 戳 だ 9.8±1.5 籔 9.2±1.67.9±0.4 籔 7.8±0.8 ら慧籔 挛关㏑だ 10.6±5.2 籔11.4±4.516.5±3.4 籔 9.6±4.8 ら羉崔だ 61.1±101.3105.0±118.3 / 慧 衡ㄢ吏挂计だ 2.60 の 9.93陪ボドμ箎耕続礷狵 苛 祇▅籔羉崔礷狵 苛 慧 堵穞玡4 hr 堵穞玡 2 hr 秨﹍πて だ尿9 の 7 hr堵穞 1 hr 笷 畃πて瞯だ 52.4 の 45.7 %慧 挛祇 ユЮㄨ祇ネ堵穞7–12 hr堵穞 9–10 hr 笷 畃 璶祇 ネ穞戳穞3 hr 笷 畃 ゑ瞯笷 慧挛 60.7 %矪慧挛沧ㄤ ネ祇 瞯笷 85 %τ–ら 祇 瞯度 28.6 %皌癸慧挛沧ㄤネ祇 瞯笷 70 %ユЮ瞯笷 60 % ら闹慧 挛皌癸 24 hr ユЮ瞯 0 の 1 ら闹 耕 笷25–37.5 % (闽龄迭番荔枝粉螟、㆟工飼料、羽化、交尾、產卵)
狐
礷 狵 Annona squamosa 嘿睦
瓄 荐盿瑆の﹁竤畄 竤畄The Greater Antilles璶 蚌跋 ﹁ぺ﹁ぺナ ┰滇 竤畄瓣 ㄓ﹁ㄈ 玭瑅竤畄甃の芖 芖 礷 狵 戳パ颤孽まパ 贺狦攫┦尺放穢 狸続稬荒┪ ┦ 膖腫癸放の流 庇稰 狥 疭 ヘ玡芖从 縩笷 5,600 羆 秖 50,255 璶ㄑ 綪(1)礷狵蚌ネ戳 甡挛贺摸羉 魁 25 贺ㄤ 澎ヘ甡挛 4 贺璶矱 狦龟の 甡 ㄤ 礷狵 苛 Anonaepestis bengalella 甡程 腨 (6)瑇(2)秸琩狥礷狵狦龟 矱挛贺摸 礷狵 苛 祇瞷 5 贺矱 狦龟 澎摸甡挛ㄤ 竒 ﹚ 礷狵 苛Apomyelois ceratoniae 甐 Eucosma notanthes彩竲甐 Cryptophlebia ombrodelta(2) 笷 礷狵甡挛侯恨瞶砰╰龟悔笲 砰 ╰ 甡 挛 菏 代 м 砃 ミㄤ 甐 ┦禣 籜 ノм砃 ミ彩竲甐 ョミㄤ箎 緄м砃の ㄤ 挛︽ 芠诡(3, 4)τ礷 狵 苛 度 ネ篈籔 獀 厨旧 秈 ˙ ╯(6)礷狵 苛瓣 癘更(20) 闽╯竒琩ゅ膍礷 狵 苛┦禣 籜 だの ま だ ﹚眔秈˙祇ㄤ ノм砃 ㄑ笰現虫の笰チ把σ ノ ╯览ミㄤ箎▅м砃秈︽ㄤ 挛︽ 芠诡 ら╯┮惠挛 ㄑ 籔ネ 浪﹚ 把σ 礷狵 苛妮澎ヘ苛 苛 ㄈLepidopteraPyralidaePhycitinae ┦甡挛璣 carob mothだ 荐盿籔ㄈ荐盿跋 跋甃 レ┰レ 羛玭 獶瑆︹ 峨 緗 瓣 の 芖 (2, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 19, 22, 24)礷狵 苛バ 甡絖 carobㄤπてふ 絖 蹦 禞ㄤ禞 甡挛獻甡 硚畖 挛 ョ 贺 狦 攫 狦 龟 矱 挛 ホ 篽 pomegranate琣撅辞‘Deglet Noor’ dates璊walnut礚狦figs冰 pearsの 狦 (7, 11, 19, 22, 24)礷狵 苛ョ甡纗旅 笰 珇 狸狦 の贺 (12, 14, 15) 刚喷 ゑ 耕礷狵 苛 のドμ箎 祇▅籔羉崔 だ芠诡ㄤ πて 琿 挛祇 ユЮの 琿 癚矪 慧挛の皌癸慧挛ネ祇 ユЮの 籔 ら闹皌癸24 hr ユЮ
籔よ猭
ドμ箎の 箎▅礷狵 苛 祇▅の羉崔 25±170±5 %RH の 12L:12D 酚 兵ンゑ耕礷狵 苛ドμ箎の 祇▅の羉崔 箎▅礷狵 苛 ドμ箎皌よ(5)穝潦 竚-19耫 禞㏕﹚ㄤ ┮ 甡挛の 挛玈ㄏノ放称 ノ ㄤ 秖 ︹絬 璸 HR73 Halogen Moisture Analyzer, 120, 30 min 秖代 4.57±0.09 %刚喷盢瑰て 挛 1 cm3ドμ箎の 鹅 緄挛 畖4 cm 5 cm虫 箎▅ –贺 芠诡100–150 箎▅戳 –ら芠 诡癘魁礷狵 苛ㄢ贺 箎▅ 挛 挛戳 祇▅戳籔 瞯 挛关 ㏑┦ゑの 秖 秖闹 挛戳 繷催糴秆陪稬描Olympus SZH10籔 て 砰 秖ぱ Mettler M75刚 喷┮眔戈珹礷狵 苛 戳 挛戳 戳 祇▅戳籔慧 挛关㏑ 玡 戳 戳 の 羉 崔 竒 STATISTICA t-test ゑ耕礷狵 苛ドμ 箎の 祇▅羉崔 =0.05 ㄌ Howe(21) 吏 挂 计 Environmental index, 嘿 E.I. E.I. = (ln (S×E×F)) / T×100 ln礛癸计S 瞯E
羉崔F┦ゑT祇▅戳(21)蝶︳ㄢ
贺 癸礷狵 苛祇▅羉崔 続﹜┦
礷狵 苛 ドμ箎皌よ(5)
Table 1. Composition of the corn diet for rearing Apomyelois ceratoniae(5) Composition Corn diet1)
Agar 70.0 g Sweet corn 1200.0 g Yeast 115.0 g Ascorbic acid 11.0 g Cholesterol 5.76 g Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 3.9 g Sorbic acid 4.0 g Aureomycin 750.0 mg Formalin (40%) 1.3 ml Propionic acid∠phosphate water solution2) 15.5 ml Water 2340.0 ml
1) Prepared by dissolving 209 ml propionic
acid in 41 ml distilled water and 21 ml phosphoric acid in 229 ml distilled water, then mixed the two solutions.
礷狵 苛 挛ネ崔︽ 芠诡 πての 挛祇 ユЮ籔 ら秅戳 芠诡 礷狵 苛 砰 350 ㄌ┦だ 竚 畖6.5 cm 7.0 cm 鹅 瞺 25∮170∮5 % RH の 02:00-14:00 酚戳 –ら–筳1 hr 芠诡癘魁赣 琿 πて慧 计硈尿芠诡48 hr 秆 挛πてら秅戳πて慧 だ 芠诡167 の 138 祇 ︽ 芠诡盢πて慧10 竚 30⊙30⊙30 cm 絚 玡 瓃龟喷 –芠诡癘魁慧 祇 ㄨ尿 の︽ 硈尿芠诡48 hr 祇 ︽ 芠诡 100 ユЮ︽ 芠诡 盢πて慧 挛1050 竚玡瓃 絚 瓃よ猭芠诡癘魁慧 ユЮㄨ尿 の︽ 硈尿芠 诡48 hrユЮ︽ 芠诡 240 癸 琿 籔︽ 芠诡玒盢πて慧 皌癸竚硓 狹 皌癸 135 癸竒 72 hr 芠诡絋﹚ 61 癸 ㄨ刚喷 芠诡–芠诡 癘魁 癸计硈尿芠诡24 hr 矪慧挛の皌癸慧挛ネ 祇 ユЮ の 芠诡 盢πて矪慧挛の慧 挛 皌癸竚 24⊙20 cm 鹅 砋 箎10 %籩 粗瞴 12L12D 酚戳 –ら 笆 畃戳芠诡 癘魁虫 矪慧挛祇 の– 癸慧 挛祇 ユЮ籔 ゎだ芠诡20 矪慧挛の 20 癸慧 挛 ら闹慧 皌癸 24 hr ユЮ芠 诡 25∮170∮5 RH の 12 hr 酚秅戳盢ら闹慧 1 の 5 だ皌癸竒24 hr 竚畐 ㏕﹚ 秆 慧 挛 砰 弘 舗 弘 礚﹚ユЮ籔ゑ耕 ら闹慧 ユЮ 眖 0–7 ら闹ら闹だ 芠诡 24–30 癸
狦
ドμ箎の 箎▅礷狵 苛 祇▅の羉崔 ゑ耕礷狵 苛ドμ箎の 箎▅ 祇▅の羉崔 ドㄢ贺 箎▅礷狵 苛挛戳 祇▅ら计の 挛关㏑
Table 2. Duration of development for each stage and adult longevity of Apomyelois ceratoniae reared on two different foods at 25∮1, 70∮5% RH, and 12L:12D photoperiod1)
Corn diet Almond slices
Stage
n Duration in days (X∮SD ) n Duration in days (X∮SD )
Egg 643 3.9∮0.3a 280 4.0∮ 0.3b Larval 62 20.2∮2.7a 67 68.0∮15.7b 1st instar 85 3.8∮0.6 101 5.7∮ 1.9 2nd instar 82 2.6∮0.5 91 7.6∮ 2.8 3rd instar 84 2.5∮0.6 87 9.0∮ 2.8 4th instar 79 2.7∮0.5 84 9.7∮ 2.9 5th instar 77 10.0∮3.6 80 10.6∮ 3.6 6th instar 73 13.7∮ 7.7 7th instar 55 16.4∮ 6.1 8th instar 2 13.5∮ 2.1 Pupa ○ 25 7.9∮0.4a 33 9.8∮ 1.5b ● 39 7.8∮0.8a 32 9.2∮ 1.6b Adult longevity ○ 11 16.5∮3.4a 26 10.6∮ 5.2b ● 11 9.6∮4.8a 26 11.4∮ 4.5a
1) Means within each row followed by the same letters are not significantly different ( P<0.05 )
using t-test. μ箎箎▅ 挛戳 5 闹戳ㄤ 挛の慧 戳だ 3.920.2 の 7.97.8 ら慧 挛关㏑だ 16.5 9.6 ら 箎▅ 挛戳笷 8 闹戳7 闹戳 80.6 %ㄤ 6 闹戳 17.9 %ㄤ 挛の慧 戳だ 4.068.0 の 9.89.2 ら慧 挛关㏑だ 10.611.4 ら 竒t-test 参璸だ猂ドμ箎箎▅礷 狵 苛 戳 挛戳の慧 戳陪帝 耕 箎▅ 祏戳 t=-1.9705, df=921, P=0.049081* 挛戳 t=-23.7142, df=127, P=0.00*慧 戳慧 t=-6.0729, df=56, P=0.000000* t=-4.4463, df=69, P=0.000033* 慧 挛 关 ㏑ 陪 帝 t=3.3980, df=35, P=0.001700*ㄢ 箎▅ 挛关㏑讽t=-1.0797, df=35, P=0.287670ドμ箎箎▅ 1 – 4 闹 挛繷催糴だ 0.250.360.57 の 0.95 mm 箎▅ 1 – 7 闹 挛繷催 糴だ 0.250.320.440.580.78 0.95 の 1.05 mm礷狵 苛ㄢ 贺 箎▅ 砰籔 秖ド μ箎箎▅ㄤ 砰 耕 箎 ▅ t-test, 慧 t=7.8023, df=175, P=0.000000* t=6.6853, df=243, P=0.000000*ドμ箎箎 ▅ㄤ慧 砰⊙糴だ 33.0 の 27.0 mm2慧 砰 秖だ 46.58 の 32.59 mg 箎▅ㄤ慧 砰⊙糴 だ 27.8 の 23.5 mm2慧 砰 秖 だ 34.01 の 25.57 mg礷狵 苛 挛の 戳 瞯ドμ箎 箎▅耕だ 8.513.8 の 11.6 % 箎▅戳 瞯だ 27.3 45.6 の 0 % 礷狵 苛ㄢ贺 箎▅ 羉崔 ドμ 箎箎▅の
ㄢ贺 箎▅礷狵 苛挛戳 挛 繷催糴
Table 3. Head capsule width of Apomyelois ceratoniae larvae reared on two different foods
Corn diet Almond slices
Instar
n Width of head capsule (mm, X∮SD) n Width of head capsule (mm, X∮SD)
1st instar 47 0.25∮0.01 93 0.25∮0.02 2nd instar 33 0.36∮0.01 90 0.32∮0.03 3rd instar 52 0.57∮0.04 87 0.44∮0.05 4th instar 51 0.95∮0.06 84 0.58∮0.06 5th instar 79 0.78∮0.09 6th instar 61 0.95∮0.09 7th instar 1 1.05 ㄢ贺 箎▅礷狵 苛 糴籔 秖
Table 4. Body size and weight of Apomyelois ceratoniae pupae reared on two different foods Size Sex Foods n Length (mm) Width (mm) Length ⊙ Width (mm2) Weight (mg)1)
Corn diet 142 11.0∮0.7 3.0∮0.2 33.0 46.58∮8.52a Female
Almond slices 35 10.3∮1.1 2.7∮0.3 27.8 34.01∮8.45b Corn diet 203 10.0∮0.7 2.7∮0.2 27.0 32.59∮6.35a Male Almond slices 42 9.4∮0.9 2.5∮0.2 23.5 25.57∮5.38b
1) Means within each column followed by the same letters are not significantly different
( P<0.05 ) using t-test.
ㄢ贺 箎▅礷狵 苛 挛 期及蛹期的死亡率
Table 5. Egg, larval and pupal mortality of
Apomyelois ceratoniae reared on two
different foods
Mortality (%) Stage
Corn diet Almond slices
Egg 8.5 27.3 Larval 13.8 45.6 1st instar 6.3 19.2 2nd instar 1.1 8.0 3rd instar 0 3.2 4th instar 1.1 2.4 5th instar 5.3 3.2 6th instar 4.8 7th instar 4.8 8th instar Pupa 11.6 箎▅ㄤ 玡戳だ 1.8 の 2.7 らt=-0.9632, df=26, P=0.344301 戳ドμ箎箎▅ 9.2 ら 箎 ▅ 4.5 ら t=3.4506, df=26, P=0.001923*┦ゑ♀/♀∠♂だ 0.39 の 0.51羉崔eggs/♀ドμ 箎箎▅ 105.0 采 箎 ▅ 61.1 采 ㄢ ㄣ陪帝┦畉 t=1.1461, df=35, P=0.259542の ┦ ゑ瞯だ 72.2 籔 65.4 % 衡礷狵 苛ドμ箎箎▅の 箎▅ 吏挂计だ 9.93 の 2.60パドμ 箎箎▅の 箎▅礷狵 苛 祇▅戳 籔羉崔 参璸だ猂 狦陪ボドμ箎耕 続礷 狵 苛 祇▅籔羉崔
ㄢ贺 箎▅礷狵 苛 戳┦ゑ羉崔の吏挂计
Table 6. Oviposition period, sex ratio, fecundity and environmental index of Apomyelois
ceratoniae reared on two different foods at 25∮1, 70∮5% RH, and 12L:12D
photoperiod1) Period in days (X∮SD) Foods Preoviposition Oviposition Sex ratio (○/○∠●) Fecundity (eggs /○) Infertility (%) E.I. 2)
Corn diet 1.8∮2.1a 9.2∮4.3a 0.39 105.0∮118.3a 72.7 9.93 Almond slices 2.7∮2.6a 4.5∮2.9b 0.51 61.1∮101.3a 65.4 2.60
1) Means within each column followed by the same letters are not significantly different
( P<0.05 ) using t-test.
2) E.I.: Environmental index, [ln (S× E× F)/T]× 100, where ln=natural logarithms, S=survival
rate, E= fecundity, F=sex ratio, and T=developmental period.
瓜礷狵 苛12 秅戳 πてら秅戳
Fig. 1. Diurnal patterns of emergence of carob moth, Apomyelois ceratoniae, at 25±1°C, 70±5% RH, and 12L:12D photoperiod in the laboratory. ( Blank area denoted daytime. Total 167 females and 138 males were observed.)
礷狵 苛 挛ネ崔︽ 芠诡 πて 挛祇 ユЮの ら秅戳 礷狵 苛12 酚㏄戳ㄤ 慧 だ堵穞玡 4 の 6 hr 秨﹍π てπて瞯 だ 1.7 の 0.7 %πて 尿910 hr堵穞 1 hr 笷 畃π て瞯だ 52.4 の 45.7 %瓜礷 狵 苛 慧挛祇 籔慧 挛ユЮㄨ 璓祇 瞯籔ユЮ瞯だ 124.5 % 籔 0.1 8.4 % 慧 挛 祇 祇 ネ 堵 穞 4–12 hr堵穞 9 hr 笷 畃祇 瞯 24.5 %慧 挛ユЮ祇ネ堵穞 7–12 hrョ堵穞 9 hr 笷 畃ユЮ瞯 8.4 % 瓜礷狵 苛慧 祇 ㄤ 瓜礷狵 苛慧 12 酚秅戳 祇 ユЮの 琿
Fig. 2. Diurnal patterns of calling, mating, and oviposition of Apomyelois ceratoniae at 25∮1 , 70∮5% RH, and 12L:12D photoperiod in the laboratory. (Blank area denoted day- time. Total virgin females for calling test, total pairs of adults for mating test, and total fertilized females for oviposition test were 100, 240, and 61, respectively. )
耚笆稬羭 狠羭癬 恨罽笲笆だ猚禣 籜芠诡 1 ら闹慧 10 癸祇 のユЮ︽ 讽ら 慧 祇 计 14 2.1±1.1 ㄤ祇 尿6-99 min 42.6±32.9 min礷狵 苛ユЮ 5 癸 ユЮㄤユЮ 尿 64-107 min 84.6±17.5 min礷狵 苛 ㄨ璶 祇ネ穞戳穞1 hr 秨﹍ 獹尿 獹 瞯 1.6 6.6 %ㄤ 瞯穞 3 hr 笷 畃 癸计 60.7 %瓜 矪慧挛の皌癸慧挛ネ 祇 ユЮ の 礷狵 苛矪慧挛ネ祇 瓜芠诡 20 矪慧挛 4 ら闹癬 15 % 9 ら闹计 关㏑ 6.8±1.7 ら慧 挛 0 ら闹秨﹍祇 祇 瞯 15 %1 ら闹祇 瞯笷 畃 40 % – ら 祇 瞯 15 40 % 28.6±7.8 %礷狵 苛矪慧挛ネ祇 06 ネ祇 2.0±1.6 τ沧ㄤ ネ祇 ゑ瞯笷 85 % 30 % 礚瓜礷狵 苛皌癸慧挛 ネ 祇 ユЮ 瓜芠诡20 癸慧 5 ら闹癬慧 瞯笷 40 % 7 ら闹计 关㏑ 5.8±0.7 ら 慧 0 ら闹秨﹍祇 籔ユЮ祇 瞯籔 ユЮ瞯だ 30 籔 20 %祇 瞯 02 ら闹耕 笷30 %3 ら闹 15 % 6 ら闹礚祇 ︽ ユЮ祇ネ 01 2 ら闹ユЮ瞯だ 201020 %礷 狵 苛皌癸慧 ネ祇 04 ネ祇 1.3±1.1 皌癸慧 ネユЮ 02 ネユЮ0.5±0.6 ユЮ筁 慧 祇 瞷 禜 沧 ㄤ ネ 祇 瞯 笷 70 %ユЮ瞯笷 60 %瓜 瓜礷狵 苛矪慧 ネ 祇
Fig. 3. Percentage of calling of Apomyelois ceratoniae virgin females during their lives at 25 ∮1 , 70 ∮ 5% RH, and 12L:12D photoperiod. (Total 20 virgin females were observed.)
瓜礷狵 苛皌癸慧 ネ 祇 ユЮの
Fig. 4. Percentage of calling, mating, and mortality of paired females of Apomylois ceratoniae during their lives at 25∮1, 70∮5% RH, and 12L:12D photoperiod. (Total 20- paired females were observed.)
瓜 礷狵 苛 ら闹慧 皌癸24 ユЮ瞯
Fig. 5. Percentage mating of Apomyelois ceratoniae after pairing for 24 hr with different adult ages and pairing density at 25 ∮ 1 , 70 ∮ 5%RH, and 12L:12D photoperiod. (Twenty-four to thirty pairs were observed.)
ら闹慧 皌癸24 ユЮ 礷狵 苛 ら闹慧 挛 1♀ ∠1♂皌癸 24 hr ユЮ瞯 6.7 30 % 03 ら闹ユЮ瞯耕 だ笷 30 3026.7 の 23.3 %4 ら闹ユЮ瞯 16.7 % 5♀∠5♂皌癸 24 hr 03 ら闹ユЮ瞯⊿ 陪 1 ら闹 ユЮ瞯耕 ら闹ユЮ瞯だ 25 37.525 の 20.8 %瓜
癚 阶
礷狵 苛ぱ礛 籔箎 祇▅羉崔Gothilf(18) 縸の 皌籹 箎箎▅礷狵 苛25 ㄤ 挛戳29.3 らτ Carob の acacia pods 笼 挛戳だ 29.5 の 27.5 ら 竒蝶︳ 箎箎▅ㄤ 挛戳 瞯 挛羉崔陪帝纔礛 箎 ▅(18)Alrubeai(10)难 辞 縸歼 のヌ猳贺 籹 箎箎▅礷狵 苛30パ祇▅ 挛惠 26.2 らパ 挛 瞯 69.6 %(10)Al-Izzi casein 贺 皌籹 箎箎 ▅礷狵 苛27∮2ㄤ 挛戳の 戳だ 17 の 7 ら龟喷 硈尿箎 緄 6 慧挛弘瞯パ F1 22 % F6 42 %讽箎 L-lysine 糤 挛 祇▅ 硉瞷禜 狦陪ボ耕続睰 緻 500750 ppm(9, 8)Navarro 26∮1礷狵 苛窰 催 瘆 催 箎 ▅ パ 祇 ▅ 挛 惠 45.261.6 ら(23) 刚喷 25ドμ 箎箎▅礷狵 苛ㄤ戳3.9 ら 挛戳 20.2 ら 戳 7.9 らパ 挛 瞯 66.1 % 箎▅祇▅戳 パ祇▅ 挛惠82 ら 瞯度 27.1 %パ 挛戳闹戳计 砰籔 秖羉崔 瞷蝶︳ドμ箎箎 ▅ 纔 箎▅吏挂 计蝶︳硂ㄢ贺 癸礷狵 苛祇▅羉 崔 続﹜┦陪ボドμ箎吏挂计 9.93 纔 吏挂计 2.60続礷 狵 苛 祇▅籔羉崔 ㄓ ㄑ挛 箎▅ ノ ㄢ贺 箎 ▅ 礷狵 苛ㄤ ゑ瞯 だ 72.7 の 65.4 % 秈˙ 癚 籔э秈 礷狵 苛 挛︽ 芠诡14L:10D 酚戳兵ンㄤ祇 琿 穞46 ㄤ 琿 畃 戳 穞 0.5 2 hr(13, 16) 刚喷 狦陪ボ 12L:12D 酚戳兵ン礷狵 苛πて祇 ユ Юの ︽ 璶祇ネ穞戳だ穞 19109103 hr 笷 畃ㄤ 狦 籔瓃 14L:10D 酚戳兵ン 狦 畉 琌 酚㏄戳 紇臫玥 秈 ˙芠诡籔 癚Cox(17)╯放籔访 癸礷狵 苛ネ 紇臫ㄤ慧 – ら祇 瞯 穦禬筁25 %(17) 刚喷 狦陪 ボ礷狵 苛ネ祇 瞯笷7085 %ユ Ю瞯笷60 % パ矪慧挛の皌癸慧挛 ネ 祇 ユЮ籔 ら闹慧 皌癸 24 hr ユЮ 陪ボ礷狵 苛 – ら祇 籔ユЮ瞯 28.637.5 % 琌 挛 疭 ┦ ㄓ 虑 パ 放访秅戳眏 э 挛–ら祇 籔ユЮ瞯盢 禣 籜 ま 祇谅 勉
本研究番荔枝粉螟及番荔枝斑螟蛾學 名經由農業試驗所周樑鎰博士及國立台灣 博物館王效岳先生協助轉交標本，由倫敦 帝國大學顏聖紘博士鑑定及確認；試驗期 間蒙農業試驗所陳治官先生協助杏仁片水 分含量測定、靜宜大學食品科學系學生柯 順議、本所林信宏先生協助養蟲及試驗。 謹此㆒併致謝忱。まノゅ膍
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ABSTRACT
Hung, C. C.*, Chiang, B. Y., and Wang, W. L. 2003. Development and fecundity of the carob moth, Apomyelois ceratoniae, reared on different foods and its eclosion, mating, and ovipositing behavior. Plant Prot. Bull. 45: 185-197. (Biopesticide
Department, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan 413, ROC)
To compare development and fecundity of the carob moth, Apomyelois
ceratoniae, tests were conducted where moths were reared on a corn artificial diet
and almond slices at 25±1 °C and 70±5 % RH with a 12L: 12D photoperiod. The results showed that carob moth reared on almond slices had longer developmental periods, higher mortality of eggs and pupae, a greater number of larval instars, smaller body size and lower weight of pupae, and fewer eggs per female compared to those reared on the corn artificial diet; the infertility of females in the two groups was similar, at 72.7 % and 65.4 %, respectively. Developmental periods of eggs, larvae, and female and male pupae of carob moths reared on almond slices were 4.0±0.3, 68.0±15.7, 10.6±5.2, and 16.5±3.4 days; developmental periods for those reared on the corn artificial diet were 3.9±0.3, 21.4±4.9, 11.4±4.5, and 9.6±4.8 days, respectively. The longevity of female and male adults and fecundity of carob moths reared on almond slices were 10.6±5.2 and 16.5±3.4 days, and 61.1±101.3 eggs/female; corresponding values for carob moths reared on the corn artificial diet were 11.4±4. and 9.6±4.8 days, and 105.0±118.3 eggs/female, respectively. Based on the respective environmental indices of 2.60 and 9.93 for almond slices and corn artificial diet, the corn artificial diet was more suitable than almond slices for rearing carob moths. The following behaviors of carob moth adults were recorded. Eclosion of female and male pupae began at 4 and 2 h before lights off, and lasted 9 and 7 h, respectively. It reached a peak at 1 h after lights off, and rates of female and male eclosion were 52.4 % and 45.7 %, respectively. Calling and mating behavior of females and males began from 7 to 12 h after lights off. Peak calling and mating activity occurred at 9 to 10 h after light off. Oviposition took place mainly at night, and 60.7 % of fertilized females laid eggs within 3 h after lights off. The rate of virgin females calling in their lives was 85 %, however, the rate of calling per day was low, at 28.6 %. The rates of calling and mating in paired female’s lives were 70 % and 60 %, respectively. When pairing with different-aged adult moths for 24 h, the peak mating activity was found within 0-1 days after eclosion, and the mating rate was 25 %–37.5 %.
(Key words: carob moth, Apomyelois ceratoniae, artificial diet, eclosion, mating, oviposition)
