+2 ,*** -+῎0*
Journal of the University of the Air5 No4+2,***pp4-+῎0*
ῌῌ
! "
῍ῌAbsentee Ownership, Absentee Consumption, and Absentee Production in Modern Economic Society
Veblen’s Critique of Absentee Capitalism
Motoshi S6@6>
ABSTRACT
This short essay examines some basic characteristics of modern economic society while reflecting on the prominent economist Veblen’s perspective. He paid attention to the existence of the characteristic “Absenteeism” present in the base of our present day capitalism. Such Absenteeism appears as “Absentee Ownership” typically, that is the habit of thought in the property right. In this system the usufruct and the use right are taken out and separated from eco- nomic substance, and are aimed at use by other use subjects. In addition, it is a phenomenon that appears obviously in all the areas of our present day capital- ism such as in the consumption and the production fields, though Veblen does not clearly describe this. For instance, “Absentee consumption” comes out in the form “Conspicuous Consumption”, and “Absentee production” appears through the process of “capitalizing on earning-capacity”. The structure of such a modern economic society seems to advance a nihilistic relativism characterized by the absence of responsibility, the diversification of value, and the dismantlement of order. Such Absenteeism is actually an inevitable tendency in modern capitalism, but conversely, this tendency also has the opportunity set rules, and thereby controls the mechanism of excessive progress. This is a very important point, and one not to be overlooked. The contents of the paper are as follows: ῌ. Veblen’s Central Problem῍. Absentee Consumption῎. Postmodern Understanding of Absentee Consumption ῏. Modernity of Property Rights ῐ. What Started Absentee Ownership? ῑ. Absentee Production and the Use of Credit ῒ. Absentee- ism and the Essence of Money.
῍ῌ #$% &'()*
-+
!"# $% &' ()*+*,"-./
0 /12345 61/07 8*91:58;
"# +*1/0 <=>?ῌ@?ABC3434 D=/E8(F45 61G7 8*H IJK LM45# 3 NOP 8=Q RST+* -./0LU5VLM45-WL5# "8
!X 6YZ[=;Q7 8*\8, 61Q7 ]^345; _"`
(; 6a>.27 8*b 61ST7 LM4c 585# +* d !"e f#$%2 &gh 8*i=4X jBck'()/0lmno5+*Y!
5# <pq8rBL5 *+r+*1/0-./0 ,stELB lmuvu2;b-n).w:5x/yo45 z{1:58EY08:8|# &} ~L5# #
123 # Q1 . 1Q 4h # G
# 1G+*;S"= # 1ST8` # 18
59
8E"E8;:58=_,"# E,8N
*X 8<L5E= ;ST6L5E*8<
4[SC:LB jB8E Lc_E8 E8;;=:588;C7;"N=L," 4
E8 $% &'9:
&'ST)*+*,"8| 8E;!5ESC:E<=345+*,
"#
"8!X
ῌ῍ ¡>HE8 6?@7 cBC:¢AKLB_"q4+B£,8&A=B4"
ῌ῎ ¤¥./0]C,|"657 ¦§:¢¤KL5#
?@+, $[88E8E)¨3Z;|"# jB ©?q?@ST'ª "c 3«ESC:¬D8,"E 4E$c@c8 68E 7 +B$c 6E*8E7 F!ST:5¢;"E L,"b®# 8¯ ¤O:5+* 5¢4'°, 8 E"&'E8;:5x/±G;|"L5# 4E E,8E²³4 !4= q;-1"5_E 8 E="&'ESC:8 +*; _"-´345 8= qHI8JfK_,5M# q4E==M
£ -<
=8E"&'E8;:5"oµL¶·4 ¸M¹BN;E-1º5_
O!58#» ¼ P H -,
利用主体 (使用権)
貸与
所有主体
(処分権)
財
A B
C
所有主体 財
A B
!"#$%&'( )
*)+,- .)
/01234567#$ '89: ;)8
ῌ<- => ?@8 #$ AB(
.)CDE;)- FGHI ;)J #$%
KLMNO P;QR8 STH UVWXYZ[H\]^_
`;)8- PEJ
F.a3bcdef .)gh ijkj lmn jko pKLHq lmn EP- rsH@P tWX o7\]^_@P- uvH ;)8i wx iFG; yz{HFGF8 |}~Y
FGHI *)8 PEi- .8
#$% &' P'O *) FGUVWXE8 'P-
(;
῍῏;῎ῌ 8 PFG"Tῌ1c p absentee ownership<q ¡¢£ k
¤¥ PY¦§¨H@P῍<
- ©ª8i &' P'O 8 ¡¢£©« ¬QP8 FGUV®¯
pMq ¤KR8DE - M - R °[H [£E8±;J .)²_³i - .) &'¢´;µ¶ῌ· i@8 ¸ῌ¹3º»¢´
¢´; ¢´ - i p¢´
῍ῌ ¢£
ῌ¼!ῌKLFGUV --
! "#$% "&%'(%)*+,*-./0#
12%
34,ῌ*-./ 5/6789:; <=>?@AB:C9DE; 2F! GH I=JK&$% L2M2)*+,N=OP2%<Q
=;!
RS8TUN%"VLI =0'
WXY RS8TUZ! LX [\" ]^!_`a#$b ῍῏ῐῐc [d ]^efg#$b ῍ῐῌ῎c %h%2ijk="
G=I! \"l&
'\"(:m$%n#)*2'd(:oIY p+dg>? *FqG m2! rs>?, [ % trsu
#-;! v.Q''VLIXY = wWx=%/ 20y1GXz2LIt3{/S|
}~ 34,=X&=! l&x9: 5 ,}ῌ*U ,}>?$ ; 5,}ῌ U>?$;
$! >? [3& %$; 3 4&
5LI $%5#G 6;
ῌc! m07 wWx=1LI= Z8
=GX& I =~9LoIYX
%:;t<= wWx=GX [
; G==&G t=%3{/S|}
! t6& I2==qI! o I= $% t>? ¡¢£$GIGX#z@
#$% &¤h:GX¥ 2t [A%
B[¦§
i¨= Ct69:XIG=I! I=£$ $%trs>?o [;
% RS8TU6DE©$%zª&«G ¬C&F6 9:!
῍ῌ ῐῒ῎ΐ῏ῑ
RS8TUrsG;®¯&$%
G1H/N ^!_`a#$b ; ®°IXI=GGX JK±
²;
῍c! RS8TU
; ³GX®L;XI=G I=MNGX0#®¯LI$%=G J´ ?OG I=µ¶GXP·;XLI ®Q G¸NR
¹#4*}ῌ67.º;=:!
» ¼ S C -.
代行者
委託 消費
有閑階級 財・サーヴィス
A B
C
消費者 財
A B
!
"#$%&'()ῌ*+,-./012345 6789:.;
54< =#>?@8A;B , CD EFGH IJ K3L4$12M/N C8O5P4B <
CDCDQR, CQSTUVWXY ZR[\ BO];
O^_4RM/78`abD54< R48 CD-.Wcde ;5 CPUfgh C()O i0GHjkPDl mB P < nopqP῏ῌ῎῍r 78 .s.mQOR ti0GHnabsent masterrR48u0, PLDR9:54<
vwxyz{'2|}~ RLD -.W n
vicarious consumptionr R7D. i0!R48RM5%1 C{' 54O8'|}{'2 R/M54
< R;5 P,/s$ysb' .LD lmsRbD4< 4)SH,W.s-.
C -.R48,bPghῌg71FNRR
< D\B P?78 i0GH R;5 ]bi0 1 ¡54< 78 -.R48 4Lvwxyz R;5 ]1|}R¢bDfm{'2 i0!R48{'2,]f PLD54R£e574¤t8<
D\B $1vwxyz,¥¦§'5 .s i0! 345¨1©[¤
Vª«¬W{'2 ¢kP nconspicuous
con-῍ῌ
i0
i0®ῌi0ῌi0U¯°-±²³´ -/
sumption
!"#$%& 'instinct of workmanship ()*
)
+,-./)0 1'conspicuous waste ()* 234 )56 789:# ;;
<=1(+,->0
?@A 'leisure class )0BC@ADEF GHI4J
;;4)0;)K) L2 MNO/ P QR0 789:#S
TR0U VWXYL XZ[F);\V]4 )0;)-^F_I`aF 2R0bc
XWd 7efYGghiHj XYI-6 ;;?@A2R0 YkU lmnQo .p 'emulation )56 ;qrstu: $v#)0 w= [F)0VHiF
!"ῌ!xV] Oyz#{ 'invidious |
R0$./F R0;) ;;})~W%A~R0;)Q ;;)> w=)
&1F;) ;; I'.61({)2 Y
LG4I)0IR 2RiG;).*F ~G
34 ;G)I2+,G;)1 F
;>0 789:#56?@A
!"W!xO@A] w=>Q [;)')FIR0);\2 ~ F
V]]IR0)56HG IV24
)6 ;?@A2-. 2G 2 ;G/FHG)0>Q F\01;)1FH
G P
?@A2~. g$0>0 L 2U2Go2 2 ;>02.34R0¡] 6 gH2¢3£j)5H£;)1¤
6F;) H ?@A) I gH7])
0
I¥¦§ )6 PQ g8);)¨02 gH79©£>0I>
Q
01ª«;)1;) )0 ;;)>¬:1;)1;)2H 789:#
?@A;>0z_&1I¥¦ .£}HFI 1I )>® ;; gHI7
'34FF P¯°±)0²;2³<F;)´=F .£}H
FI ;-P 4I I µ¶
2V22 ;GI·F1;) ;;4I2¯j¸U2 I=I
¹ º » ¼ -0
!" #$%&' ()*(
+'( ,-./!"0 1234
5 678+9:;<3&=>?'@AB+ C" (D0EF&=G &=H IJK$L 9:;
M!"'> &= "N'O PC" QR3B 145 !CSTS>>
+U!DC 4"V!;'!DC4WXY>
"$
4'LXY>Z[\]^_`a bc!de33)&="
VP3GC+ Cf">3"gC'
hiIj3 klmnopmqr>Ls!'(
t!uv &s
J.lmnopmq!'(
ῌwP C" 1xO5 +y_z{| S>U!DC+ lmno pmq" k!!}> 1 " xO~+
GL9:f "+G# bf$K3"+
'
%3 % GB >&'!(cL xO!3)*Z[+,!3+"A-Lj+ xO
"
./! Cd0 1CBd0"$ "05 ,2ῌ34p῎῍ῌw xO5$63 12345 '
%"C+lmnopmq70vCH+" 123 45 89!' 8- ¡+¢*BG 7:9:!¡+
¢*BG>"++
9:;£ v3g! Z[¤qQ"3 ¥x89!3+ Q<
" 145 "xO+¦=§¨>3+ )glmno pmq©ª70(U
&=!«H ¬!u+ B3!xO"B}?®cK>;<
3@CAB+dBI*+'+ j)G ¯jL¯
jL3 ¬7"CcDC(B U' C(°> ¯ jL¯jL±! OLE">'y_z{| ²F
Q<LjL*B 1xO5 +³G"(´µ¶B3+>'( ¯jL
hLEGK>"$ OLB!EGK>H¨>QR'IJ!Kc·'(
lmnopmq&> 1xO5 s3 1L5 ¸'(
jL" ¹'L>+ P 1¹5 'S*B vCNL ,
ºMῌ4ῌ®»¬§¼Z[ -1! "#$%&'() *+,"#$-./
"#$-01%-2
3456789:;< ./"#$=>45-; *+,"#$?'@ A (B 1%-C? DE FF ;G H
IJK LJKM9NO PQR; STUV
;< W;XYVZ %[ \];^M6_M
%W; `; abc FFdM 7
;Ge\9f ^2g1=9f ;G %2hiC<'6 j-k j-Ql j-& '!"% mnH-;o;#7E
c\pq$6 !
%C8%r;sE tCuv ;wx;2yz
&{M|"}~8V
'Q'%QM%C!(; ' 7'%Q
+\76 HQ =M)%G\<^o;
;)V %Q% \%'**"
; a+yz*"%, wxM )%
dn %;a+% wx;;^n a+
G- dnwx-; .;n2r
1\/Gh7- !w + % !;
nM E ¡0¢;2s1%nd2)V
'%Q +%]£%3%4¤^]
n (; ¥¡ s]¤\;a+ ¦'n2V !%G§ 5E6 E;^n
7\ +8¨;2 s]¤\;a+8%,;^n d © tC9ª:;
¡E- +;8%<«;0¢G] ¬ %<- n;^n
+ %'*< ;_L¤=G ®¯°;J¦G ±> ¦h C^' s]¤\
;a+ Ma+² v¤¯°;? ³ VG a+v¤ ´@®¯°-f<±>; ³ %n
h\ dM³ a+µV¶A°¯!!dM -V 7- ³W;uv--;
B8·--h G\ uvB¸¹-- m + s]¤\;a+ ³C/dM D
E ³C/% a+%º± AregulateB º: » ¼ F ® -2
a code of canons !"#
$%&#'(((#)
* +%, #-./0"1 234 (50 1 672)# 81
9:/;<=#!>21!( !"#?#@A@BCBD!E2
!"# FGH %@A@I2 ;@A@J
!"2 G>JKLMN ! OPQR S3T !>3 F #'
a creative principleH 2)(
#) <2U F #' a regulative principleH 2)(V
ῌ!
>2 W23%)1XY8( #2 7 W
#:0/3Y8(# %71 !> Z #'(V
"1 <2UZ #'2 !!(Z [ G
>3J!" 2=#2#!(V G W2
$%&\X!2# !>',!3J2&] ()^
_# !>,*!( %71G"+,+`3a8- b!# !!( VJ3'.# =c=
/0#J#=1=!>',2=1=d22 %71 F3eH ; 33e(Vf8 g>345 # #1:6h78 i
!j F #H k9"& F #H k9l b 7!k9m1:!"!"n;3 op #3q+!
#
3e D<r3e63T)#4#sc ![(tuvk9\"&(# #1%%V
wxSyz{|P. Q@}~A
= }yS S #=( G>D<?J "@
῍G F6h r";
2=A2B %=Y6:CvDEH (V
F G#==b % #GHIX2
J KL nMN6(V FKL GH (V
JO A##=A#n M VA#=A#nMPQ8b 5N6( ! FR GH "
J Av2¡S27:¢T U(VW£bN6( FX¤ GH "¥f Q@}~A3T !"#G3 ;¦Y§Q8b |Z¨>z{©§=#15ª2 (V
KL G«;3¬=# |Z¨>©U(V RG [9©U:¢T©§"1 R©U(VbY ;2 X¤ G
|Z¨>\]®¯!3Y= %71 Q@}~A
;#=( #cCv ©§#cz{ tu^ (V . b !!( #c°A±y²<f8(#) op
®¯2 Gz{ ³_´2 µ¶:·¸ ;
3e¹ῌ3eῌ3e&º»<l¼z{ -3
! "#$%& '()
*+,-$./0 1230 45ῌ54 6 789 :$;<=$+>?
2@)
ABC*DE
/ 6F0G HA M.I$J KL M NOPQ
G.RSTU KVWAL 0
'A 1230 36 XY Y ῌ&) RSTU!Z"[#\]0^A BC*DE' K$_
`a%L b9c^
&'de<fgh()Wijklm "potlatch&
n*40) ijklm '@'+,o-0.p//
kTR+0p/q+rs) t u1 Hv]OA7 o-wxy123+ 4zA9A9Y {WA) An
56 70|t8@A9 }9'f~$ :A9 ;<t= >? A9@A9AA
) x B{W
1{WC0) p/3' o@ ]9C}' / DY
!ZG0) E!tA+x @o-wFw9cw0 G GA) 123 3 TEHI0 9 JQOG D'0@A)
cHtA/M BC*DEKg% ^
LXMN$M0W/)
O BC*DE /FwHvy/YCP ) { Hvy/ K 7 ) '9' Q ¡Fw ) / ¢£RS¤T NO
yNUAg%QOVt¥@M) CQ¦W Kg% §¨-D$©ªE«W6 ¢£
RSNU6X¬¤T@Y9Z@0) Fw[A
®¯\ \ NUY]®¯
X¬^°At 7KYZY) '\]KP_Yn
Y] NUY] WnX¬®¯Y9Z]KYZ±²@W/) ³° `®¯
Q ¡0)
a Fw80WLX Nb ´c'@)
Od BC*DE Kg%e{@3 fg
) . GY
Kµ¶ h·¸@)
Ke{w @[Y$_`a "c& [ijw`a "¹& >kY lºwG0) ]9 c» ¼ P ¦ .*
! "#$ %&'" !()
*+ ,-) ./01%234#)
56 789:; <=>#?@A BCD EF -)789:;GH @A IJK#L#) ) MN
&O) PQRPST"?UU&/C)V@ W@C 1XYZ@C[- \C]T N.^_N@C ^4T -^#T TIJK`abac,#Sd abae
&/C)@VfC) ) NVdgh#^
&Oi@C)$T Pj kaba l -) Pj 2Nm#^ 789:;nfC
,2)/APj3 -d "#$ ,) o)V@ V&O) Tabapq?.- r^YZs#
Et ,2) u .U)vw#^ k ,
l E)IJKx@B 789:; k!yz{l M"#wfC) |}s~ac,V@$\m f@%_)
.T&#)N.
῍ῌ ῐΐ῎῏ῒῑ
1% k!Fl ./0 %F- k./0 %
l ) v' (r^YmfCnB(*+T) )* %L#Sd C %F- ) -
+c,,-.)#T I..^@C %V@.VT &fC^ /8|.0
# E) %
J.]@C^ 1 kIJKl -^G2) BCU!F ./0¡oῌ3¢2£-^
(¤`4¥ῌ¦3!!§¨-^ ©0ªr!
!F@C^)
ῌ«#^ ¬!) TPj5oEsT-) TT*6J. 7^[V@8Y#^ ®-
$- B ¬!F¯?r#)9:oE;° BCU
I±)²³´.=))<=-^V@- ¬!F
%>µ F?pM"DE_#))
¬! BTBT kT¶ ·T·¶l ¸¹1X-
7*6#.)^ #^ @A PjYUC YcAºBCfC^ ^ A@»+) T¼?T@T-#)^ EUd
,¬!ῌ ,ῌ ,Y % .+
!"# #
$ %#&# '()*+,-
.# / 0123456 789 :); 77*+&<:# =>?@& A*+, - 23*68%BC6D 7,-EF8G H IJKL96@&
M %N73*6N #' O(PIJQN #R H$
:H
ῌ῍STUVWKXJ.YZ[ \]^ _@&`8:
H 7ab0c8
Kde!)"f8:g IhSij#7"k89 O l`mn$
8o & pq%r& '(0H rXO?
H)9s*<O: %&:H8o0@&#
& t78u)O@&0@&v w:H R +5:H xUy,8- R +8.z:@&O{|
}g~ YZ[)9: r/M*(8t' :$ X/{: 0' X 8 0k O1# &# 0'
23%@H,-s*8@' ! O84&P:Hj#
&8 YZ[:
YZ[5:+2
6&Z[875:# 7u))c# 8 #; 78 O
;$ 7H@ :H 8/(D
mix his labor with ' 6D join to his labor ': 7 &#
; YZ[8:H
7&H 9l *
'# %r# 9 8 H¡'56$ ¢g8 '
£:O rX¤¥/{8;()
8¦H8;78$#'
8 '8 8¦(X§¨O©6<&# 0' YZ[ª5=>
:H @H4 0k68}?O «¬ A
®Ho0{@.# ¯°}?:H p0
7#& ±²e!3:R 7{@
³ ´PAµ@H¶·H @HA C:
A7¸8¡;O8;&#v¹ º » ¼ .,
!"# $% &' ()*+,
-./"&"# 0123 4567 &
89:;<"=>"# 0? &@A.B089
5:;<0
C,D"E"# F0? .B0 GHI
JKL?0&'? MNO"P &"#Q&&, RHBS D!<, T%<"U7V ,DW XYZ.[,D\ ]J!RHBSJ^
%_`1K7V?0,Da# &a b,c!' [?
M d9,! `efghd9,DW &0fghi4jkK lmO'MnWJopqr`0>"#
'"Mstuc vwx'"MKyO"\W,
! Jz>
z>0 {<W |.}~0MxKy", gh?c,D?0=>"# &
,C };,stu!"=>" C. B. u
%'?"" F#$SQ %&,D"
῍ῌ# {<W vw ,D? J<<'(#$0W)0W<,D\ 12Je
#$O" spoil D" #$O"*"S,D\ v,Kz>0 JM" =>
,D"#
stu{:'"O"# F#V+, .-"~$
{
.,v/'?JMxKyO"&,`"# $%&K>" v//$+,D? J,D
"#
#0W 0WO"0f '?L0C{#Q &ST<,'"M" =>"# &'=>
J&,z>"&'? JvwJ<,+0K"&Ky
$\ry,D"# y\
Kz>?0\ vw#$ &?0¡[<¢1£D"&"# &#
$S '"M=>K &ST<,2 , ¤{K3¥"# $%] &S'"M
¦§MK¨4©<&K¥ª"# &&e"
stuv«vwx=>¬5v/Mx=>K(0e / &6K7>
Kz>0Mx8>" 0.}®"MK4-O"=>K9p:¯" &,D"#
&b O!!dgh,}"°±²³´µ;
¶¤{=>",D"# &&,°±²³´ Kz
>0 D"J9<=z·e0 J,D"
¶¸'?¹` &"1>&,D"# &&,ºe"¶¸ stu p+ gh,0!¶¤{K»f">"#
?nMῌ?n¼@ῌ?n.Bgh .-
!"#$% &' ' (&)* %+
,-./0.120' 213%456 %789:56
;<=5' >? @enclosureA %BC9&DE0 F@commonA GHIJK&' LGMN ' OP '
GOQR 56 ' H6&S%' TUVIWFX%YZ0'
[\U&FN]%$ 5N O$%' F^_`%&' JTab^_`%#W' S c d`%' %ec#
#' f!" gh #$0i$$jk5' f%&h
'lg&()'mP% 4]'
*J&n+,$-.ok%!'
/p&,0nS#,qrs$% ftuvh 0,856%,ec156 w/' tuvx,#C' fyzlh %0ec
#&' {253#S|} fJ~h
'8% %cC' H$ ' %&'l%,(-?5%584#
53%4%0' 6Z$%&@
plunderA dc
8%5' 6' 78' )*'G9$]/,%
@emulationA' n0n:%0;<$% @ownershipA &=56%
ec# N,%&%,&>)*5'
%N; $%,?@kAB56%ec#' C%08DE@
k#%
8-' &28m08SK,S' F 5 6&' ¡5¢UN,' fG£h 8%5¤0N,'
¥¦H§Nl£]1&F]' n&2¨20%cS
80
/p+y)+56%$' l£]1&%UF% y©yI;256C' y)5J 8' nJ856
%,%' ªFK8 kK8' ;2«$S5'
/p8y )8$N,LH&r¬ n0' 5M0!' 5!N,' ®¯T[N5#856' %,56 0& ' &°WSP0jk58' J%+%!
±²% 6#%,%56 ±²'
+'6#CS]5U' J³´?6uO'
PQ(86#%ῌῌAJ.
' 5¢!%S#SN,'
R4&2]4%&4# 3%4' µ¶SR· f4h ¸T(5M N,' O'lg fh @d56%,56]' n
¹ º » ¼ ..
ῌ῍
!"# $ %&'(#)*+#,-
) . %&/$01-234567#8 9-:;-<=%>
?9 @3 019AB#CDE # F9 ; EG01HI-&J &KLM
&N-3O PQ3;RSTUVWXY# ZS;X [\X]MF$9 ;-3O-E ^_ 01`ab.
9B# $;<= OA
ccEG.d> e>LM# $01f g hig 9- !jBZS;kl e>m!"H/3O ; .9 n&k.o;A #$ ;p%S qr:
s#C E$ . P33O Ftu v
#w xRsLM%y#: z{ ."
|&#Z')Z;
9!}<= ~0(;#) p
*(;<= 3 (;g+#C
,-.9!) > tu .&&N&%; tu,N>/;-&A;p 3tu
/;-A >% HF
&%0EF'1!2! k.3 (;.G
;p tu9-e2 { +;%8 {
F 4(;,N>:s#C- 5EG e>%
h!#0EF -;33O 9 #d=>9&- E e>;52B#A 0F#-E; e 3
230Bqr
67&A;p OE8;F-E F35 2C3F9Q3;9 eX
#0&A3;% >FOE"3E; :3
OA 9¡0 ¢!3 $%>E .
9;<= ,£<¤¥ n¦ >3SEF<=9§. ^_¨©ª«¬6<=zp.®O>
¨©ª«¬?¯(+ Y°@±²,±°@A3E B³;
6 H3E´#- >JF 9 ;?¯Bµ}
e%p¶S; e>9AF ¢!£·¸C;%
9$%> eD¹H/>=;<9!3¢H(&
% .&%> (;
E<=®O>E<=S
9 3 F3tu9!3 $%>;% º^_E9 ; #$" 9iF(;¥¤3XG $%>; 9
6ῌ6PHῌ6Hl »¼`a ./
! !"#$%
& '() *+, -. /0/! ! 1 23 '( 2453 '(6789!
!"* #$%:;! *'(<=!>?
1
@ABCDE
F@!"G?H IJK LEMNO@!"PQ 1 RS 4 5T! @ABCQ 1 ! 45E 6!
"(U6V>
HA45 AW(ῌX(YEO?1 "Z[ \ 45]@ABC Q !"!^"!1 O_ `ab ,N 2453 !"cd K @ABC!"C!efg"h) :S !"Q1 ! 45N i#E j!'k lAm An
"j!'k lBm oU$!AnR
A B %& AnL!!
A B78!1 !p'(qrs7 tu/ vw0x)yB*z{ + H, 45|,-
! }~k9K?!1
P *
@(! 45@6!"*`]K?(!. /), 9! @!,P\
N K !VO b ,N kNO@6ῌ01 Q1 6ῌ01v2"E1
3@4 kO{ L! !@4!,S?KvQ !"!Q1 /),?
@6ῌ01D5,81
n6,- 7 ! R 28)'3 D5 E Q1 !],"
8)'<=!!9Q?V1 '4n6!45E!K '(ef
E E?: ;E ¡ '(78 ¢£18
!78?1 ¤<8)¥¦ lAbsenteeismm §¨
K1 n6=©!6 2'(K?ª( lusufructm
;3 7 !"!Q1 '(3 4&«& X(
>?! ¡ W"(:S1 $¬JIK?¬
®-, ¬M," ¯,°,SN" E?- K6 ,SN" >M,W( 1 !
¬'(W(G±, ª( lRSM(!²ª(m ;
!7Q!s7³´*µ¶ E" l·¸
}¹m1 ,'k¬(M"O '(? ,SS
º » ¼ s.0
用 益 権
所 有 権 利 用 権
対価
貸与による分離
使用権 収益権の供与
! "#$
%& '()*+,-./01234567#8 9: ;<=>
?@A2BCDEF GHIJ@K9 L MNO CPQ%R8'2AK
A. AST 4TG. C. UTVWAK῍ῐ῏῎X9 "YZ$ [ A2 "EQEQ$ \]^8'2 _
` a bc "deῌe f
Principal-Agentg
$ \]^ h EQeeijklK hmn# 2op q^8'2 A2# rQsHtuv w 8 6xy6 >stuMz{|v8}!z{ut
"#8
A28 o=$~Yv vk
#v@ V
%&YQvDEF9 '@Yv()^8'K9X8 ?' b9 89\h "89N*8 +^ Y
, 9 2 -@K9 b9898 N @9N8 k' ? O
^8'K A2 ¡¢oPv£=8 [ PQN%hk OP¤%
QvYoP=A2K @
A2 ¥ _o¦§4W¨©.N`¥ ?'
OAKhb PQ#@@ LMN OA2 ¥ª«©¬®y¯Yh2kK
° ¦§4W¨k ±/<¬®y²³´>?
NKNµ¶· ¥@ ¸¹J@ ¥
NKN&º@N^»@ 2 o
῍ῌ
%
f0#g
#ῌ#¼1ῌ#\*Yut .1
!"# $%&'()ῌ*+,-"./
0!1 22 3&1"#.4!
% 56 789 :;)</ =>9 ?@
!=!A!1% BCDEF/
GH I!JKLH1!2=!A
9%H !M5HN!@& 56 "!
'OP>"&5 =0Q.RH S"&5 +.9T=!A 4 UH'(
& "+
V"W/!A XY"&5=0Q.T&9R5H!A
V"HZ>A&O=!A94!A ! =&
&[! 4!AH'(& 29 \]^_
A&5`& S"\].&a0 4H =
9b>&
ῌ῍cde fg" 5`&h" "!
ij".k&
#lm $%& $%<n&'955 (F&
$%)<o*0Hp+&% >& q#2 r4"!istu.6&kv,9% 56 :w"
5`&r4!ij".k x4y-&z #2{&
H &z # !1% r4 "2H
& #!1%!1
r4 #| "}"../0QH010&rp
+&% Q ~&z2!1 I!!1ῌ῎c
#|H 0&r384 &'v>%4W 5&%L A>967r4&8lH 2 16&d9!1
ῌ῏c&:H;<!1 0!& H' v>F 0῍῏ # OL=>>
%!1
$%&r'OP>%H)[x%A 2$%Hn;<.?lP
)<&6!Q.VlH>%(!1&nH{. [&T Q.Vl xH
>&2:¡y-H¢6.@8A9%
#|4"B£.?l q¤¥'#&tu.Cl&%
¦§¨©D '~ª4& (3A@%& ,«¬
.῍ῐ®E῎ῌ;EF¯°±&%
N ²G³<!1(F& ´µ9¶@ ·¸'H¦§
¹ º » ¼ .2
! "#
!#$%&
'(%)&*+ ,-./010#$ 234 5#
6 2 !4 7"8$ 9:;<
=>## ?$@%ABCDEF&GH )
%I'6J(KF&#
!)! *LLM+NO,PQH
-!%.RS).+!HT U&V*
!)!!%.M+).(?W/XY(7Z)& [\](^_ ?0
-`?).a." b ?W/XYc#d*"&+
1-ef2g34hiT Cb5-Sf2 ?).a.$d*67j("H. UU8k ?l
- 5-f28G$d*mn" $o99:;<=p#qr# 2$@4 sG#
-8#cc U&
!)!$@8G$mn"%t&!%" 9:;<=u:$o9?l 2vw10x- y
sabotagez4 {
!( 9:;<=|'!H;!)& }'<(G#(~=!#%&
$'>?
!)! k@ῌ?kA4H&B ? 8C4" $ !)
!?kA ῌ? 8* D 2 8C4 #$
)E"hiT ῍?F ?,.F 2G
4 U&%R}!%HW)&
῎? 2IJ,4 U&WK)&L%&#U $IJM3 U?
NF]M34%& cLH
!)!'O5-NF])!?W/M3(% PQq
$
-f2g3 ?RF]M3) "#$S¡@
nc# ¢TfT8t&#Lh£cTU¤V¥)&# !U&(W¦§I¨T $
-c#©ªU&«TUXC#$Y¬"?
NF]M3`?g34ZY" NF]M3 '> !)!)&
[%! 9:;<=®¯\°]) # ±;²=³L
H vw10x- ´=1=x; #£&($@µT¶^¨i¯\p#
8# $¯\p$
)L·L_¸$@#$¹`F&)&#º# »º#T$!!
ta"bcG#(`#
$@¼Rῌ$@ῌ$@I'6 .3
!"#$
% &'()*+ ,-. /01 23"4 (!5
0678&9":;!;<(!$
= ;>"?@AB C7D"E;0 FGH"8I (!$ JK<;
LMNOG;(!$ '5
G;"#$P Q+RS<K LMNOTU V(!$
&< WS X (+Y WS!$ B& LM NOZ ! < [< (!"8&
8&+ (!(!$ LMNO
\]V^derivative_ !!"(!$
LMNOV"#`;a'&+5
] "bc;a'&+5de ($4f<&$ B(
LMNO 0<; B %&(!$ ( /
1 0 LMNO;%& '+4 !$ YLMNO (g;h(%& Y LMNO (g8&h(
%&(!$ i)
C.jkMj lTUc* mnop 0+,8&$
- 0LMNO;%& ' %Vqrs .t!W
S$ u Vqrs .t v/ Vqw0 x'
1 yVVq<z{2VVq|}~ %&EJ&$ v/S
jkMj3h %&"3$ 4@; \25]68& 05y ]z{a
<&0$ '5 3
78 (2]<y] 9:;8&4(!$ + LMNO5 < (!<
5<&K782$ = 4y4&K
5 3:;8& => LMNO 3';$ 0 /3:; ?1
WS<&$@A WS ῌ῏῎῍BC8& D.
lDCqt EFp (
& "f(+$
]V<LMNOV;" ¡+$
% Cqt cG"#`;LMNO';WS$ SK ¢HLMNO\£LMNOIJ(!$ &< LMN O CqV';¤
K¥&< LMNO| 3';¦"§;$ (
L¨sMN M©kMῌLMNO';WS<&$
Cqt cGO~';LMNO P"#$ IJ FQLMNO
RªLMNO «%LMNO¬(!$ ( CqV 'K¥®"SJ( FQ x'\¯° xS 0±¥
®" LMNOV|7"S (!$ ²TMN\«%
T³MN¬ ´µ¶·©kM LMNO';¦"§;$
Cqt cGu4"@8I a¸=LMNOVx';
¹ º » ¼ /*
!" #$% &' "( #)*+) , -./ 0 1234 56789)% :;
0 34 <-=>?@A3BC--=DEF )GBC-
% 3H%7A
H@AIJ)BCKLM0 7-GBC-
-=0 3.N# O3 P
derivationQR -=)%@
A S)%T,U=7 DV@W'XC; -.
/ DV0 OYHR 7--=Z@A3[C;DV%
\]M /A DV^_`%ABC- abcd O3R YH@Ae f7gLhMij)
L34 $73#,!k) lmnM- BnM-DV PperishabilityQ oXC-
\ pqlBnM-3rs%XC0 tu7) pq v
M7- Z
w xy)w z{3B |x)CB}=DV PinstantaneousnessQ oXC- U=) O34~/
x) e y)BCB}=R DV 7@)iij)
A.
7@ 34 %.)7Xi
!!) ,7-DV Pnon-storabilityQ oXC-
pXC e/ jC;,7- 0mZ
3~& n\-= OYHR )"/ iiW#$~C 3~u% i %@-=
CD-=\%--= BCu% /g0 e 0 M,7- }i 34@A/ OL
uR -=DV0XC-)7 U=7DV 34
66Bi,) Pface-to-face contactQ
3M ,&D. @A'@/i0 %
!") YH@A 3M)()MDV
*7DV PintangibilityQ o( w7\BC ¡~/\
0¢w)£7DVoXC- 3M,)
n\7g YH¤¥MU=7 fn¦+n89BC §aBC;
ij YH,7-
*7¨©ª-BC3M)7 z« .¬/ -®n0¯°±7g ²³\ ´µ), ,
´µ _¶7²³\ ¡ {· 0)% /g0 {
· =m ¸+· ¹1BC pq _¶ % ²³\
YH {· {BC, e f BC ¡BC- )7 {º»@A2+º»3~/i, %- {·¸+·31BC
7º»@A*7º»3Bi,
&'C,iU=) )
\£7 DV%L{ῌLῌL34 ¼b¨©cd /+
!"#$% & '(")*+"*, -
./01234./51 !67% !* 6
896:;<%)=->?1:;"@ AB
1% :;
AB1)1% C$ K.DEF
!& GHIJK "
ῌ῍L%
MN*! GHI OfictionLK P2 ,QMNR 0ST5%
0 " U2./516V% !1 6V
WXYZ" G.6 Onon-self-existenceLK3% *[\]Y ^_
1` ,Q]a?"1% 4b"
cdPY ,Qc?1%
!1)> b"> *e> 0 0 !1)fg"hii21%
6V8Q"j>U U2j>0
b""A0k+"lmno:;p1q1% `)*0 6Vr0Q" jst0%u vjst U2WX+wx89$% 2y )`" /
!51% 0 "z5
#/{e>%
|C}05 !" G*"9~*K 2 cst+1C$5% 2y
*1" V+1 R 0q5uUi
% R" $ j%&*, $v*%
Q`c%&"' c*>"1% ("
)*>st*%
`*[)+ +*"*[st)>% " -i2+1)
8i !11 WX ¡*
¢+1£¤"iq !1./% $3 ¥¦
§+ ¨,©ª" !1 ¡
* !1«4% ) Rj¬ (]a¬
1&*,% 0& )®¯h!¢ +1
¡" /&Q)$%
#/6°±-²1 ³ !1+ ´1)
*0 b" ¡µ¶" ·> ¡g* !"15
!u% ³WX¸¹ !1¥¦§+
º » ¼ /,
!"#$%& '
()!"#$ *!"#$+,-./0
12*
34526 78"9:2;2<
1 =>? @ABC<DE =>?) 11F<
1) =>? E;2< !"#$% !"#$1GE2HI J<
1<K1+FLGMNE- )OP< ;2!"#$1E2HIQRS !"#$+1(T
E ><U- !"#$1E1VW1XYZ[2\]^ FJ E !"#$_`1XBC<DG2+
<a
bc
H2d <#ef8gU-!+"HHI+#h$<i*% j&kl$m_`
BC+no pqG. rgks tuvG ='j<(Gw)?
=_`x<(Gw)? +y* z{$< tuw)H++,G|
$j&}[ j&~$- Gj&<(G
w)E .E
ῌ῍j&2 /0/
+A<12E 2<GJ</G;2 /<3
+GE 4/5/2+U-s"s}\E2
E
< j&<(Gw6Ew)2 }7<Ej&+,-/E-
)< z<8D9 '1$E)1$E ) ;2Vj&[G:< (_`;() 2E } j&<D#h$<o);2< ;2w6Vw
) t_`@ABC+Q[E F HI<BCw6j&5 <<¡BCE2<tu¢£FJ
<;1) ¤&V¥¦§Ow6j&E ¨©5+j&=ª<G
<
>«c¬'%<o);2< ?b@G<AB$6a } }_®o) ¨©5C<;Gj&
C2 E<©5 ¯2°±+v-
¤&5²
>«$<o) ³S?´!µ- ¶DEj&;3·¸-9 ¹º»´- »´¤&
¼Eῌ%ῌ1Xd _` /-
金融仲介
(a銀行)
預託 貸出
債権者
(預金残高分使用できる)
債務者
(貸出金分使用できる)
A B
C
ῑ goldsmiths’ note !"#$ %&'()*+
,-./
ῌ῍&0*12345ῐ67'!89 +(:;#$ <= 79>!8' ?@ῌA BC!8# Dῐ(: $ ; EFG῎HI!8JK# ;L9M45N
*OP*;$ ;;# Q+RS7 (:*
TU45VW6XYZI8[#\ῌ]^6_`;$
;ῑ#\ῌa b:TUcdef#M TUgZf#
;6 hi#jk;#$ cl;# 7 QZ #G mfnoS;#+$
pQZqrIstuv6w*GS# x;76 y 7z * 8yno*{ῒ#+;#
$ |}~}/ ;;6N#$
[" ?At6
ab:C76+ AB6RS!8 Nῑ6[Y$ ;;#7\ῌ#'8
A7S
AE nZ6RS
B῏f 6U#+
PX;'#$ 9;;#
A* Bn῍U $ *A;t6b:7S
6*8" ; GS45*YHUII
¡;$ ;¢
A £6a# ¤ A¥¦ #' ; §¨#A#AB6B;#+;
$ ¤© ;7St ;b:6H`Bª«¬ ; 9
B §¨#UP®[$ 9 ;;#
At C¯ #°S# b:ª7 no:°±²6 ; JK#³´© µUP®6XYZ*;$ ;;# b:
῍ῌ
45¶U
TUg·¸TU!45gZ
¹ º » ¼ /.
A
B !
" #$%&'(
)*+,-
-./01 234 56
78,9:;1<5 =.a>?*[email protected]
ABAB,-C/ D 05 .1.
AE /FG+.51< 5HI/<JKL :E*+/51< MEB*+/
0N5O M.: PQR>?
ST+?;6
AῌBTU05 =VWXY Z [= *P>?*+@?\]J
<. < Y^_ M
`Ia8!b=="c.]J<
<#$ d%:ef=\;gh&4i +jk lmno4p i '#qr.3g()5
=*4+,s2 Yt-.uuv#
5 M -.1/w1 5 V0xy.i 1 z{.1{1 {234156
|{2?\Y})5 1<J M=M=) -.|~=;1 #M =7~
#5=O1=.
SO4788g -.1 >?9:i= :H z;=5;O
<=>5O >??@
;AB *i?'1<C6
DE#Ways and
Means Act
( ῍ῐῑ῏F9:=5 >?
῍῎ῌ?@] M1\hk]!EA. G
]
HE+6 M?@]I. HE1<6+C?@J\]1; ?@J,KPQῌnῌ #sealed bank bills( 8>? #notes( ¡
L\; M¢ £MN¤O¥ >? i+D>? 3?i; M:z; ?
; ¦§
>P+¨©ªQR¨j«=<. M.-. ¬ ®ST MqSF¢¥¯iU°±²³
#the South Sea Bubble( V!9:m´=.5
>?9: .1 µP|¶<.O M ·
=< Yt {2µP|¸w¦§;5
ῌ῍(i -.gh&.0x1 gWI.34
῍ῑ¹ºῌ »Bῌ _¼<¥L! //
!"#$%&'(! )*+
,-+. /01234 ,5!
6 +78. /9:!;,'8
*+,-+.
<=%>8!6 ?-/)#@%AB!
%C;@'(8(D*+!$ ,EF'(!"- 8,#$%GH&(B(%
*+. I/H'(4-JK)*+LM%NKB((+6!'(
O,,PBQ+ -R(.6STU+,/0 'V1
W
234XYZ[5V'\%6]7(8-&B; (^_` U9'-&: /Ba; 'b<=>-,c ,d",e f"g?h-D,'
῍῏ijklmno %@W. mpqrs
%tABu%!vBCwB;DE
῎ῌi F +(G xy8z (vB( /B 12,HI8J! y8%{5^' ;wB xK|( }+L'~Mz ,N%+'('(6 OB( 5^'QP, B(5^,
+(^ ",DN8(^*Q,RH%4vB(<=+(+ SW868S %TvBUg
8-
,w,'<=VWf
ZXY,""'ZE-WB( 5^'[ 'G6. ZE,,
SW(^\-D,' Z[-]B ZU*^[-_`,-vB
BaZ6bcZd- Z EXY6efBZ XYgc:h6iG8,8'( @\! 5^'bcZ6/ j 'Z-j'g
k,!lmH5^'gc-Rno,vBj,'v(+ 5^'XYk
8%p8[, (q,B(V '¡¢- R(q 5g) r '¡¢£¤st (6,B5^'¥-j,'v6 (^G
SW%uv8w, R-g¦w&%uv87(- ")§
x,6y;'6vVz'{¨ E©ῌª«¬% 'k.-y;5
^,'v6 G%uv87(-v f"g
SW\k.|}-~('®¯ls,'
° ,*+. "B;5^, /±STh(hZXY-j,'v6 ²- G%
(^Z,: ³G. pl´µ j³o
F<=%8 'A% Z 'j,B( (Hf6j '6 H,¶A ·
distancing effecti ,BLB( pl´µ(
^ x¶z (^
XYXY©, (^Z ¸-W,f¹º-8 ( XYZ,
» ¼ /0
!" #$%&#'(! ) * !+ ,- '.!/)0+
120 #'(!"
3!) +"4/+5678 #"#'$96 +:;#<=>$
"?@AB!) C0"D !#'+'
>$EFGC0-!)
HIJKLMNOP" QP RestrangementS T(P Rprox-
imityS L2UVWXYZ)0L B[ MQPY\0L-$ " ]"^_0`a!)0CB)/Lbc E! ^!C0L
/de" `Y0L + fg \Y96!- hC*ij\!Y #:; C-Y0^0L k!!/&lYmn1!"M#$opq%
r&'%()0PYst-)%" s$#') 0
*Yu! vC0L w'!r&'+" r&'#'"+'(! +)0L * +r&'Yxyn0 1Y zO1
/&l{O$20 #'+' " QO1 NQ-!|}\~ ,s.! "
. $!) " C9L(!"!- M!>!)
/)0 1BB!pq%-^L.
(!"/_!6!Y!L!) M /)0 #'"( Y.!^ M" 0((-1
C0 .2 ! ,-)0CQ-B Z$3 C0L
3#'" 45HK6s^ #'" Bl)-
78!$3F)! M96 [G:$|}\Y
!
(0L " C9LM(! yw$vC0L M>"
Q6P $! O: [!
6A MNOP" ¡2T(P,¢B0L H IJK"£;$ ¤¥ +/&l"¦OC,§<mn
$ * HIJKL ¨u!) ¢_¢h?A
*YM=©"96L):^-23ª!« Yu!"
¬ B>®^¯!!6 ®°2!LC 3!
M?®±²Y0L0 "_0#'"Y,@!#³ (T$^
A´!¦OC0+1 MB$µC!®DyE1!6 ¬"ZC!L B !µC!®D
¶C!6
:·¸Y¦O1¹F$!)LºGῌ#ῌ+T1»¼ij /1
!" #
$ $ $%&' !"(!!)*ῌ+,-./01$2
340*ῌ+,-./(!!)567"
1859: ;<=>/?@A"
$BC$DE $F$GH
IJKLMN OPQRSTU&' !" )VW
185DX DYM4" !D 185"#EU DZ$&0[ # \
;<%#S]!!&$BC$DE 40D
'^!_`!S ()ab!S&)c !"!d]!e 40f*g2 hi;<j+D
,M4"$D -./&$ >/?@DZ$$&185k'%l&$
m$$Dnm004 ;<m$GopDq,M4"$r$DE ;<
st1$"u"
2v$f34wx&$DE >/?@Z$st1D"$&0[
!$C5671\
F89t1D:04!$ #;E =y(S zy {|M4$ "V hi;<
E(d;<
}< hi;<Z*f" hi~-=
D0BCE!
> GD !56) !F2!|*Z$ 2 $"gD&$-.!
2 hi{+0ῌ: DISM4?M4
@+$D:04 2 $"BA0(4 M0 - BY 2!D $ B0?C\F
?C |*0D0(4"| #4 }
<! rNm0 $"qE$2 2 D M
4 ¡! FG¢H*8 $"£Ih 2F
D0(4$ hi;<¤J
KL?¥ ¦/M N8 O§¨+$"w=0 4[ ©SªPQR«¬Sd"rC {#$uS D
Tu"2 |* UVWS «¬®,®8£XSYZ&¯[
D°d04±'&$r\$&$DE"
2 ¡2" #4$2$"]²D{$^)D³D
2 $"*gSD_(4" _" 2$"]² #4j+ ´` |{S M0]²DS"$
f" µ""¶{ 4k }<-·<¸a EB02! _"R&bC c¹!ºD(2
» ¼ &
/2
!"#$% &'$
(%)* +ῌ,- .(/0/1
2&2
34 567*8'7*"# .9:';
<' -=>* ': ?@ *AB
-=2 CDE,#:' #9' F= *##,G.
$( !("*#$ !' (
DH%&IJ2'( K ,=# )* 5&
LM#+,; C-N&'$ 5(;O
. G*"</0=<P1 QK(2!("$:
%&IJ 72R3 ##,4125S= 6T-< * 5(; 2'U(
78>!( :9 K2 . F 5(; !(2 '
(9&'$ 5: 9#R: 9V;(+,&'$ 5: +,#R: +,V;
;WR: XYZ<# .=[>?2@= 79
(2!("#F XYZ<#\A 5BCZ<; )2 4= F= D 5E>Z<;]FX =[>?V0G2H=>? 412I# U 1 5J^; 5_`
ab; cdefKghifb'( ##,: j4 k lm)'
῎῍῏ῌ
noF. dp0q/ rLM7IῌXYῌN3Os῍ῑt῍Puῌ῍vwQRxST )"GUV ῍ῑ voT. cdef ryz{w |}WT ~X7 ῍ῒ῍
oT. cdef rN3OsYZw 3[ST \]=῍ῐῌ
oJ. R. f r^_`XYwab%T 7c= ῍ῑ
oJ. 00/ r?XYYZw jQῌXῌdT efghH῍῎
o ij rXY=[Ow klm[ ῍
oP. d/q0 rqbf ¡f ¢=[ ZnoYZoῌῌ῍w pT q|Ur ῍
£oG. h¤¥ rs,='tuwvwT K&UV ῍ΐ῏
¦oJ. p rxyfzw §{|T ~X7 ῍ῒ
῍ῌo C. B. ¨©ª0«f r9 ¬2Osf}wq~%T #gh ῍ῌ
῍῍o ij rXY7Iwklm[ ῍ῐ
῍῎o H.0ef® r2R¯w T °±= ῍ΐ῏
῍῏o D. ²0³ r2wT ~X7 ῍ῑ῎
῍ῐo G. `f/ r´ w ¢`f/^v, o g%T \= ῍῍
῍ῑo J. 00/ r+,=[µCw jQ%T u¶·Ur ῍ΐ
῍ῒo K.¸i¹0 r;Ww º»%T XY= ῍ΐῑ
῍ΐo G. `f/ r´ w g¼T \= ῍῍
(9ῌ(+,ῌ(vJ.XY=[ /3
῍ῒ J. ῌ, ῍ ῍ΐῑῌ
῍ΐ A. !"#$ %&'῍ΐῐῒ
῎ῌ W. ()*+, -(./ 0 12 3456 ῍ΐ῏῍
789:;< =>?@ABCDEFGHI9JBKLMNOPQER STU9VWB XYZ[\]E^_`aER FGHI9bcBdQP;< e.f+, 7http://
www.u-air.net/workshop/ Bgh[PiPQEj< kl89:BdQPmnopMqrBh sPtLuvMwxdmy`aER zD< 89:`9{|}9KL;< ~ 5
9 9`9MB[PQER 89MPLOD
B[P< XYZ[\]E^_`aER
7῍῎@῍῍῎
! 0*