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῎ῑ῏ ERICPOOL, Zur Bedeutung und Stellung der ,causa’ im System klassischer Ersitzungsvoraussetzungen, Ius Romanum et orbis iurisprudentiae univer- salis. Studia in honorem Vieslai Litewski,῎ῌῌ῏^{, SS.}῏ΐ῏ῒῌ^{, SS.}῏῔῏῏῕bῌ qŒ

#AbŽ89ῌ ῐ&?@ῑ < (‘/’tx(\“

”•89(ῌ E–—K#(῍ ˜T™SῌšRVῌ ›œˆ ῐf?@ žt x( ῐpŸῑ G῍ ¡¢Z῍ῑ £ΐῌ῏ ῎῎ῌῌ῏῏ ῍ῌ῏῏

῍ῑῌbῌ q^POOL¤;D![¥ ῎῎ῌῌ῏῍¦ῌ §¨\/῏ p© ῎ª«

῏ 89(῍

῎ῒ῏ POOL ῎12ῌῑ῏ S.῏῔^{. POOL} ῎S.ῑῐ῏ ῌ Z%?¬­

bῌ ῐpŸ^CAUSAῑ E ῐFG^{BONA FIDES}ῑ E%®¯°M! ±89(

<ῌ aEC ῐpŸ^CAUSAῑ b ῐFG^{BONA FIDES}ῑ žE (<ῌ E#}

“89D!῍ 1²„³´M!b^{R. STINZING}, Das Wesen von bona fi- des und titulus in der ro¨mischen Usucapionslehre, Heidelberg,῍῔ῑ῎^{, P. BON-}

µ RES FURTIVAE&?@^USUCAPIO¶·E!¸¹"ºREVERSIO IN POTESTATEM῎»¼῏ ,03

FANTE, Corso di diritto romano, Vol. II, la proprieta◊, Parte II, Roma,῍῕῎ῒ^{, p.}

῎ῐ῕῍ J. C. VANOVEN, Tijdschrift voor recht-

geschiedenis ῍ῒ^, ῍῕῏῕ῌ TH. MAYERῌMALY, Das Putativtitelproblem bei der

῏usucapio’, GrazῌKo¨ln,῍῕ῒ῎῍

ῒ^{BONA FIDES}ΐ ^{HERBERT H}AUSMANINGER, Die bona fides des Ersitzungsbesitzers im klassischen ro¨mischen Recht, WienῌMu¨nchen,῍῕ῒῐ

῍ ^HAUSMANINGER !"#$%&'ῌ

ALFRED SO»LLNER, Bona fides ῌ guter Glaube? , Zeitschrift der SavignyῌStift- ung fu¨r Rechtsgeschichte, Romanistische Abteilung ῐ()ῌ ZSS RAῑ ῍῎ῑ^,

῎ῌῌῑ^{, SS.} ῍ῌῒ῍*῍

ῐΐῑ POOL ῐ+,ῌῑῑ S.ῑ῕^{. KASER/KNU»TEL} ῐ+,ῌ῍ῑ S.῍῎ῑῌ ῒ-.^posses- sioΐ ) ῒ-./012iusta causa possessionisΐ 3῍

ῐ῔ῑ 4567ῐ῍8῏9῕: ῐ;<=>?ῌ @ABCῌ ῐ8ῑ ῒDEFGHIJ 'KLI.MN῍ Oῌ PQNῌ QRNῌ S<TUV'UWX.

NYZ῍ [\]^_`YZ῍ΐ D.ῐ῍^.῏^.῕ ῐGaius ῐ ad ed. provinc.ῑ: Usucapionem recipiunt maxime res corporales, exceptis rebus sacris, sanctis, publicis populi romani et civitatium, item liberis hominibus.OUaN ῌ 4567ῐ῍8῏9῍῔: ῐbc?de<f?ῌ :ghῑ8ῑ ῒ'iUa jkl'DEFG*mn'^ῌ o.*ῌ pqXBr st@"uvwxῌ yz{-.|FG"

'*/0῍ }':~r῍ΐ D.ῐ῍^.῏^.῍῔ ῐModestinus ῑ ^reg.ῑ: Quamvis adversus fiscum usucapio non procedat, tamen ex bonis vacantibus, nondum tamen nuntiatis, emptor praedii ex isdem bonis ex- stiterit, recte diutina possessione capiet : idque constitutum est.

ῐ῕ῑ #€‚'ῌ ƒ῎„… ῒ†C‡ˆ'P:Nΐ:4‰῍ῑ῔8ῐŠ ῐ῎ῌῌῒ$ῑ ῔῎ῌ῍῍῍‹῍

ῐ῍ῌῑ GIOVANNINICOSIA, Acquisto del possessoῌper procuratorem῍e ῌreversio in potestatem domini῍delleῌres furtivae῍, IVRA῍῍^,῍῕ῒῌ^{, pp.}῍῔῕ῌ῎ῌ῍^. ῐ῍῍ῑ HANSANKUM, L’application de la loi Atinia aux cas de furtum pignoris et

de furtum fiduciae, Auctoritas : melanges offerts a Olivier Guillot,῎ῌῌῒ^{, pp.}

῍ΐῌ῎ΐ^.

ῐ῍῎ῑ MARINAFRUNZIOGIANCOLI, Laῌlex Atinia de rebus subreptis῍: Un’ipotesi

ŒŽ:4‘ῒ῍8῎Š ῐ῎ῌ῍῍ῑ ,1*

sulla datazione, LABEO῏῎^,ῌ῔῔ῒ^,῍ῐ῔ῌ῍ῒῌ^.

῎ῌ῎῏ BERNARDO ALBANESE, Contributo alla storia del’interpretazione dellaῌlex Atinia῍, LABEOῌ῍^,ῌ῔ῑῑ^{, pp.}ῌΐῌῑῐ^.

῎ῌ῏῏ ῌ ῍ῑ῍ ῒ

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!4+567῍6869ῌ %-./0:ῌ῍;<=>?@A ,ῌ %-./0:B>῔CD>>?@A ,E9+F2῍ΐ Inst Iust ῍^.ῑ^.῍: Furtivae quoque res et quae vi possessae sunt, nec si praedicto longo tempore bona fide possessae fuerint, usucapi possunt : nam furtivarum rerum lex duodecim tabularum et lex Atinia inhi- bet usucapionem, vi possessarum lex Iulia et Plautia.

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`a7bc1L4ῌ V%%:t13!62E9+F2῍ΐ Inst Iust ῍^.ῑ^.῎^: Quod autem dictum est furtivaram et vi possessarum rerum usucapionem per legem prohibitam esse, non eo pertinet, ut ne ipse fur quive per vim possidet usucapere possit : nam his alia ratione usucapio non competit, quia scilicet mala fide possident : sed ne ullus alius, quamvis ab eis bona fide emerit vel ex alia causa acceperit, usucapiendi ius habeat. unde in rebus mobilibus non facile procedit, ut bonae fidei possessori usucapio competat.

nam qui alienam rem vendidit vel ex alia causa tradidit, furtum eius commit- tit.

῎ῌῑ῏ ῌ ῍ῑΐ ῒ!54ῌ

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ῌ ῌ ῍ῑ Inst Iust῎^.ῒ^.῔: Aliquando etiam furtiva vel vi possessa res usucapi potest : veluti si in domini potestatem reversa fuerit. tunc enim vitio rei purgato procedit eius usucapio.

῎῍ΐ῏ Aulus Gerrius, Noctes Atticae ῍ΐ^.ΐ^.῍: Legis veteris Atiniae verba sunt :

“Quod subruptum erit, eius rei aeterna auctoritas esto.”

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῎῎῔῏ Gaius Inst ῎^.ῑῌ: Vnde in rebus mobilibus non facile procedit, ut bonae fidei possessori usucapio competat, quia qui alienam rem uendidit et tra- didit, furtum committit ; idemque accidit etiam, si ex alia causa tradatur. ῎6 789῏

῎῎῕῏ OTTO LENEL, Palingenesia iuris civilis, Graz,῍῕ῒῌ ῎Neudruck῏, Paul. Nr.

ῒῑῒῌῒΐῒ^.

῎῏ῌ῏ Dῐ῍^.῏^.ῐ^.ῒ ῎Paulusῑῐ^{ad ed.}῏: Quod autem dicit lex Atinia, ut res furtiva non usucapiatur, nisi in potestatem eius, cui subrepta est, revertatur, sic acceptum est, ut in domini potestatem debeat reverti, non in eius utique, cui subreptum est. igitur creditori subrepta et ei, cui commodata est, in potesta- tem domini redire debet.

῎῏῍῏ :;^creditor<=&> ῐ?4ῑ ,ῌ @A&B CDEῌ F4GHI&῍

῎῏῎῏ ^ALBANESE ῎JKῌ῍῏῏ p.ῐῌLMI&῍ NO PQῐ῍R῏Sῐ῕TU ῎VKῌ῕ῑWXYZTU῏ [\῍

῎῏῏῏ ]^ῌ _`ab<sup>D</sup>ῐ῍<sup>.</sup>῏<sup>.</sup>ῐ<sup>.</sup>῍῎<sup>, D</sup>ῐ῍<sup>.</sup>῏<sup>.</sup>ῐ<sup>.</sup>῎῍<sup>, D</sup> ῐ῍<sup>.</sup>῏<sup>.</sup>ῐ<sup>.</sup>῎ῑ<sup>,</sup> D ῐΐ<sup>.</sup>῎<sup>.</sup>῔ῑ<sup>, D</sup> ῑῌ<sup>.</sup>῍ῒ<sup>.</sup>῎῍ῑ<sup>;</sup> `acdefb^D ῐΐ^.῎^.῍ΐ^.῏^{, D} ῐ῔^.ῑ^.῎῔^.῍῏ ῎in potestatem dominorum῏, D ῐ῔^.῍῔^.῍^.῎ΐ^{, D}ῐ῔^.῍῕^.῔^.῍῎^;gehdefb^Dῐ῍^.ῐ^.ΐ^.ΐ^{, D}ῐΐ^.῎^.ῑΐ^{pr. ;} ijke^Dῐ῍^.῏^.ῐ῕^;`lmn`b^Dῐΐ^.῔^.ῒ^;ohpqrnefb^Dῐΐ^.῎^.῔ΐ῍

῎῏ῐ῏ s ῎JKῌ῎ῌ῏῍ΐῒῌ῍῔῍t[\῍

῎῏ῑ῏ Dῐΐ^.῎^.῍^.῏ ῎Paulus῏῕^{ad ed.}῏: Furtum est contrectatio rei fraudulosa lucri faciendi gratia vel ipsius rei vel etiam usus eius possessionisve. quod lege naturali prohibitum est admittere.

῎῏ῒ῏ NOPQῐ῍R῏S῏ῒTUuv ῎wex`bῌ yzT{῎R῏ ῐ,|}C

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C/I&ῌŠ‹

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,1.

ῌ ῍ΐD῏ῌ^.῎^.῎ῐ^pr.῎Gaius ῍ ^{rer. cott.}῏: Potest pluri- bus modis accidere, ut quis rem alienam aliquo errore deceptus tamquam suam vendat forte aut donet et ob id a bonae fidei possessore res usucapi possit : veluti si heres rem defuncto commodatam aut locatam vel apud eum depositam existimans hereditariam esse alienaverit.

῏ῌ῎῎ῐῌ ῎ῌ ῍῏ ῒῌ !ῌ

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DEF@G; !ῌ HI%J1DEF 45;%$#ῌ ABC%KL 23%?ῌ <&'(M ῌΐ D ῏ῌ^.῎^.῎ῐ^.ῌ ῎Gaius ῍ ^rer.

cott.῏: Item si quis aliqua existimatione deceptus crediderit ad se heredita- tem pertinere, quae ad eum non pertineat, et rem hereditariam alienaverit, aut si is, ad quem usus fructus ancillae pertinet, partum eius existimans suum esse, quia et fetus pecudum ad fructuarium pertinet, alienaverit,

῎῎ῑ῏ ῏ῌ῎῎ῑN ῎ῌ OP῍῏ ῒQ@RS6'῍ 6 T6#ῌ Q1QUV&!6WXYRSX6'$#῍ΐ D῏ῌ^.῎^.῎ῑ^pr. ῎Gaius ῍ inst.῏: Furtum non committit : furtum enim sine affectu furandi non commit- titur.

῎῎ῒ῏ Z[ ῔ OP῕ ῎\]ῌ῍῏ ῌῑ῍^ῌ ῎ῌΐῐ_ ῒ!-.ῌ !`abSX?@cD#ῌ `1Q@Rd<6῍ eῌ

!cD%f?@gWh+ῌ i.iX@j%DkD'#ῌQ ῐlFῑ m nSX῍ opY !ῌ $Lq@rstu$%*vῌ w%x@cD

%fgWh-!ῌ iX@yz{|}+ῌ '1~%fcD€

SX@*+‚uƒ„X.'- ῍ … 1ῐcD€

@ῑ † „X.'- ‡'.dX@ˆ.'῍ΐ

῎῎ΐ῏ ‰῏ῌ῏ῑ῎ ῎Š‹Œῌ ῏῏῏ ῒŽ!‘

’ %?@QM“- ῌ i%?!‘’ %F”•4;e1ῌ cDh

–1—>6'῍6T6#ῌ Ž!‘’ %9:‡'.˜G <.™šX

<SX%1ῌŽ@›œ.' -.ῌ ‘’ $#ž; 1 6'$#῍ΐ D.῏ῌ^.῏^.ῑ^.῎ ῎Iulianus῏῏^dig.῏: Si tutor rem pupilli subripue- rit et vendiderit, usucapio non contingit, priusquam res in potestatem pupilli redeat : nam tutor in re pupilli tunc domini loco habetur, cum tutelam admin-

QŸRES FURTIVAE%cDh–^USUCAPIO% ¡<F”¢ƒ%•4REVERSIO IN POTESTATEM῎£¤῏ ,1/

istrat, non cum pupillum spoliat.

ῐΐ῎῏῏ ῎ ῌ ῌῐ῍῏ ῒῌ !"#$%&'ῌ ()*+,'-./012344῍ 5260ῌ 789:;()<=>?ῌ 7$@*;AB3ῌ ῐ7C2=ῑ D'EF GHI2JK;L4῍ I1.ῌ =K0 ῐM'ῑ $NOPK<3 Q+;Q0JK';LK<3Rῌ ῐῑ 7Q+.SB3RTU$V WI2῍ .X43YZ2=K[\JK'ῌ ῎ῑ]^_`a5b _`.X43Rc3C῍ΐDῐΐ^.῎^.῏῏῎Ulpianusῐ῍^{ad Sab.}῏: Tutor admin- istrationem quidem rerum pupillarium habet, intercipiendi autem potestas ei non datur : et ideo si quid furandi animo amoverit, furtum facit nec usucapi res potest. sed et furti actione tenetur, quamvis et tutelae agi cum eo possit.

quod in tutore scriptum est, idem erit et in curatore adulescentis ceterisque curatoribus.

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$uG<=>?ῌA4v'vopD$5w9xpZ1uG<=>?;

A῍ <='B3ῌb'w9.xp<34=mnyz'mnRK.{B3L

=KL.ῌ Jyz$|<=7$@*K}~12=῍ΐ

῎ῐ῍῏ `d ῔ef gh῕ ῎ijῌ῎῏ ῍ΐῐkῌ ῏῎ῌῐl ῒ5=~ῌ s+

7C2=tD.X437Q+$g;LK4&JK'€<34῍ 52 ῌ =<Z.ῌ=K0opm‚ῌ *Wƒs!m‚'5tD$7„…>?;

AB3Rῌ 52.RZZW1†s+7Q+$‡F;LK4&;A῍ΐ

῍῏ΐ῏ ῎ˆ‰ˆŠ ῌ ῌ῍῔῏ ῒ‹s!Z 1Œ$Ž.RO.‘G’&K<34‹'ῌ s!.tD$“”<=῍ * Kῌ s!'tD$•Z1–—3ῌ ˜'‘G’&K<=῍-ῌ s!'5

&*=~.™9.š›<34=;AB=῍ J>?ῌ s!$NOPK<37 Q+œSgžQ+;Q0JK';Lῌ KŸ ¡¢£34῍ ‹'t¤¥

Q+;Q0=KJ’ῌ s!'ῌ tDmn.“”I2=ῌ K¦§$g¨<=>

?ῌ ©9œSª«.X43¬¦§'g¨I2JK.῍52.SB3ῌ t D“”I2=;­ῌ ®¯;°W2=ῌ KI2῍ΐ D ῍῏^.ΐ^.῏ ῎Pom- ponius῍῔^{ad Sab.}῏: Si quasi recepturus a debitore tuo comminus pecuniam reddidisti ei pignus isque per fenestram id misit excepturo eo, quem de

±²³´µ¶ῒ῍῎· ῎῎ῌ῍῍῏

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industria ad id posuerit, Labeo ait furti te agere cum debitore posse et ad exhibendum : et, si agente te contraria pigneraticia excipiat debitor de pig- nore sibi reddito, replicabitur de dolo et fraude, per quam nec redditum, sed per fallaciam ablatum id intellegitur.

ῐΐ῎῍῔ῑ ῎ῌ ῌῐῌ῏ ῒ ῌ !"#$%&'(῍ΐ D ῐΐ^.῎^.῍῔^.ῑ ῎Ulpianus ῐῌ ad Sab.῏: Qui rem pignori dat eamque subripit, furti actione tenetur.

ῐΐ῎ῒΐ) ῎*ῌ +,-.ῌΐ῏ ῒ /0ῌ 12/34ῌ /5678!9(5:ῌ;<῍ = >?@AB/34:ῌ CD>EFGH>'B/><IJB34:ῌ

!9(῍ KL:MNEO>P6B(῍ΐ D ῐΐ^.῎^.ῒΐ^pr. ῎Paulus ΐ ^ad Plaut.῏: Si is, qui rem pignori dedit, vendiderit eam : quamvis dominus sit, furtum facit, sive eam tradiderat creditori sive speciali pactione tantum obli- gaverat : idque et Iulianus putat.

῎ῐ῎῏ ῐΐ῎῎ῌ῍ ῎*ῌ ῌ῔῏ ῒQ0RS!T NUF/0ῌ MNT034ῌ 9(BV/ῌ Q0WX !9F ῌ T0MNYZ/34ῌ /56T078!9(5:ῌ TQ>

!"#$%&'(῍ [ῌ \']N34>ῌ 9/[:^!9([NEO

>ῌ _W`a0bc]'(\5JB῍ JdJ]ῌ eN0 ῐQ[]ῑ !ῌ 0TN fg>hi/34:ῌ _W`a&'([]!9(῍ΐ D ῐΐ^.῎^.῎ῌ^.῍ ῎Pau- lus ῔ ^{ad Sab.}῏: Si bona fide rem meam emeris eamque ego subripuero, vel etiam tuus usus fructus sit et eam contrectavero, tenebor tibi furti actione, etsi dominus rei sum. sed his casibus usucapio quasi furtivae rei non impedie- tur, quoniam et si alius subripiat et in meam potestatem reversa res fuerit, usucapiebatur.

῎ῐ῏῏ ῐΐ῎῍ῑ῍ ῎*ῌ ῌῑ῏ ῒ78ῌ j

kNWX >l<(34ῌ WX >mN"#$%&'(῍ΐ D ῐΐ^.῎^.῍ῑ^.῍ ῎Paulus ῑ ^{ad Sab.}῏: Dominus, qui rem subripuit, in qua usus fructus alienus est, furti usufructuario tenetur. ῐΐ῎῎ῌ῍

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>ῌ jkN{|_W`a<(\50}~&'ῌ 0%'/5€J&'J

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!ῌ x,῍ $ῌ #ῌ 'M61&'yM!

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῏Iulianus ῏ ad Urs. Ferocem.ῐ: Si homo, cuius usus fructus legatus erat, ab herede numquam possessus subreptus fuisset, quaesitum est, quia heres furti actionem non haberet, an usucapi possit. Sabinus respondit nullam eius rei usucapionem esse, cuius nomine furti agi possit, agere autem furti eum, qui frui deberet, posse. quod si accipiendum est, ut fructuarius poterit uti frui : aliter enim homo in causa non perduceretur. sed si utenti iam et fruenti abductus homo fuerit, non solum ipse, sed etiam heres furti agere poterit.

MARINAFRUNZIOGIANCOLI, Sabino e l’usucapione delle῍res furtivae῎, LABEO ῐ῎^, ῍῔῔ῒ^{, pp.}ῐῌ῏ῌῐ῍῍^{, p.}ῐῌ῔#\]^_]`a[‚ƒ:"„…

῍ no]`a#ῌ†‡ˆL‰Št‹Œ,)ῌ_Ž]ba?

‘’“”j•:",῍ m–&'!ῌ HQ6|}HTres furtivae€z“‘:",ῌ ῍ +|

^{RICCARDOASTOLFI}, Sabino e la lex Atinia, Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris ῏—˜ῌ SDHIῐ ΐῌ^,῎ῌῌῐ^{, pp.}ῐ῔῔ῌῑῌῑ^{, p.}ῑῌῐ#ƒ:"™š῍ HQ

6actio furti›œP+! #&'P+#!ῌ

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ῌ !

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῎ῐῑ῏ e. g. D ῍^.ῑ^.῎ῒ^{, D} ῒ^.῎^.῍῍^.῎^{, D} ῒ^.῎^.῍῍^.῏^{, D} ῒ^.῎^.῍῍^.ῐ^{, D.}ῐ῍^.῏^.ῐ^.῍ῑ^{, D.}ῐ῍^.῏^.ῐ^.῍ῒ^{, D.}

ῐ῍^.῏^.ῐ^.῍ΐ^{, D.}ῐ῍^.῏^.῏῏^{pr., D.}ῐ῍^.ῐ^.῕^{, D.}ῐ῍^.ῐ^.῍ῌ^{, D}ῐ῍^.῍ῌ^.ῐ^{pr., D.}ῐΐ^.῎^.ῐ῔^.ῑ^.

῎ῐῒ῏ e. g. D.ῐ῍^.῏^.῏ῑ^.

῎ῐΐ῏ e. g. D.ῐ῍^.῏^.῍ῌ^.῎^.

῎ῐ῔῏ e. g. D.ῐ῍^.῏^.ῐ^.῍῕^{, D.}ῐ῍^.῏^.ῐ^.῎ῌ^.

῎ῐ῕῏ - ῎./ῌ῎ῌ῏῏ῌῑ0῍

῎ῑῌ῏ 1234ῐ῍5῏6῏ΐ78῍9 ῎:&;<(ῌ 71=῎5῏ ῒ>?@AB@CD EFGHIJ !"# K ῍ LῌABMDN@OP HQῌ RSMDNTUVW?!ῌ K XYZ[\"

K !]^ῌ _?@"K ῍ΐ Dῐ῍^.῏^.῏ΐ^.῍ ῎Gaius ῎ ^inst.῏: Fundi quoque alieni potest aliquis sine vi nancisci possessionem, quae vel ex ne- glegentia domini vacet vel quia dominus sine successore decesserit vel longo tempore afuerit.

1234ῐ῍5῏6῏῔78 ῎:&;<(ῌ `7a῎5῏ ῒ bcῌ L@ABC DNde !"#῍ fIῌ dg>?@ABCD !hQῌ Li*jk"CD lI"K ῍ lῌ mk

" >?n#o+Ipῌ L@N !"# ῍ f Iῌ FGHQCD+q"Erῌ s"EqCD lI"K ῍

@Eῌ ῐ!@ῑ AB@Etu ῌ )* v?l@w71N@x yz+lI"K ῍ΐ Dῐ῍^.῏^.῏῔ ῎Gaius ῎ ^{rer. cott.}῏: Quam rem ipse qui- dem non potest usucapere, quia intellegit alienum se possidere et ob id mala fide possidet. sed si alii bona fide accipienti tradiderit, poterit is usucapere, quia neque vi possessum neque furtivum possidet : abolita est enim quorun- dam veterum sententia existimantium etiam fundi locive furtum fieri.

῎ῑ῍῏ Dῐ῍^.῏^.ῐ^.῍῎ ῎Paulusῑῐ^{ad ed.}῏: Tunc in potestatem domini redisse dicen- dum est, cum possessionem eius nactus sit iuste, ut avelli non possit, sed et tamquam suae rei : nam si ignorans rem mihi subreptam emam, non videri in potestatem meam reversam.

῎ῑ῎῏ 1234ῐ῍5῏6ῐ78῎ῑ9 ῎{<|(ῌ }~ῌ ῑῐ5῏ ῒMDNAB@CD NFG"€+ῌ MDN@G‚+ ῌ ƒ„…<

sRES FURTIVAE@^USUCAPIO@†‡Gˆ‰@‚REVERSIO IN POTESTATEM῎Š‹῏ ,13