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(1)Fiction. Truth:. and. The. Works. Part. Tolstoy's Geras血, simply. ill, and. would. result･=. unpleasant,. thing. This He. which. lS,. they. tb. demonstrate. said. As short. a. is from. memoir This. Tobias. something. house. Wolff's. introduction ``a. his cardinal. that. Wolff. Wolff. it. lives up. has. two. variety. then. dying. lv孤Ilyich. that. pretend. and. o=1is. his. to. American. the willingness frightened, or. that. be. to. own. On. -. article is the. biographical his themesand. Boy's. of. his. first of. his. memoir,. info-ation･ quality. The of. a. something very good to the level ofa casual,. to say too. that unspeakable to. polite. say･. to. they. the possibilities. were. buman･=3). at the. getting. one. of language truth;. that. of this essay. purpose. lS. criterion. the. one. band,. literature.. be is. On. the. introducing. two-part. essay. only. book-length. second. part. will turn. language,including. a. prlnClpal he. other,. Or the. reJuVenatOr has. written. a. classic. his works･ to. work. date,4). to bis丘ction. influences. from. This. with other. first part. and. gives. particular. is. an. additional. emphasis. on. writers.. Ltfe "The. ft'rstduty. in. lLfeis. to. assume. a no. pose. one. What has. the second discovered.. yet OSCAR. "He. who. fears. Wolff's. memoir. of his childhood,. This. Boy's. Llfe,5)is. his first work. is, ". WILDE. ". fears life.. corruption SA. Tobias. His. of short stories he selected.1). of responses… Was. means. aspects･. in contemporary. act. toananthology. requlrement. =wbat. about. dreadful. in every good writer is too coy, or too. in the. else. undergo =tbe. not. treatment. a. of his servant. the company. only. does. who. incident.=. Gerasim. of. and. reduce. tolerate. can. house. childhood.. examination. I. This. not. indecorous. clearly. form. of. does. qniet. that the stories showed. writer,. story. alone. finally. in the. person. keep. need. HIGGINS. his deathbed,. on. is the one. only. Gerasim. fわrm,,,2) but. and. he. that. everyone. quotation mentioned. Gerasim. and almost is something. There. lying. IvanIlyich,. because. Wolff. One. B.. Beth. of Tobias. UL. ALINSKY. of nonfiction.

(2) Beth. 54. it,s. and. a. to. those. quotations. memoir. begins. called. "Fortune". It starts. the. I. it reads. When. we. tried not. to. a. a. he. that. I owned. down. was. beaded. a. doesn't. Wolff. money. no. help. I couldn't. belt, beaded. lndian saddle･. (p･ 4). justify the. behavior･. try to is not. He. how. about. she had. tooled-leather. of this memoir･. c也a-. is aptly. one. concerned. I knew. her guard. removable,. con-artist･. the. one･. sees. for souvenirs･. Junction. with. is naturally. when. now. first. fits. but. 19, 1945,. parts･ The. seven. mother. play. June. on. follows. What. above･. story･. short. chance. ask, but. fわrce and. of the great. a. make. horse. it into. Cliff･ His. of Grand. out. bronze. a. a. to. of the budding. rlrStglimpse is part. candor. wasright. quotations Alabama,. divides. like. he knows. pulled. and. moccasins,. He. a. over. golng. him,皿d. I had. and. myself.. our. truck. a. the two. in Birmingham,. Althoughtrue,. the time. for them,. born. was. birthday･. with. that. =e. Higgins. selected. his tenth. will affect. saw. he. eplgraPhs. tee･. a. just after. out. accident. 1t is. As. masterpleCe･. B.. to. out. His. hoodwink. us. or. himself. He a. the. in 1955.. craze. They. have. the breakup. .... a. driven. She. man.. violent. Roy･. tO. are. Tennessee,and the unhappy. the. ･･･. and. I. past. was. in Utah. Kentucky. of her. misery. for lost t也e,. up. for uranium. prospectlng. putting. earlier･. make. go. Alabama,. They. five years. golng. was. to. Georgia,. through. family. our. of. in Florida. left their home. her silent, sinister boyfriend,. from. run. have. his mother. and. behind. long. them:. affair. with. help. her･. tO. golng. on. (p.6) They is. a. havealmost thread. no runs. which. miserable. and. present. At. we. night. and But. sang. the. freedom,. first sentence. The. one. humidity such. heat. staylng. wolff. sentence. in the and. her. dream. was. going. has. South humidity. me.. of to. I. an. ln. so. the. high. that that. headlight. bright. a. marked bound. future. to. beams. This. just ahead･. of the. contrast. come･. up and. crawled. in my. up. lies. constant. and. the tires whining. as. caught. down. the walls. the highway. on. freedom,. mother's. outside･ her. delight. transfoⅢ1ation･. careful. fわr its hot,. beams. For. have. heat. in the. wouldn't. b･ 5). fわr its quality. summers･. would. night. wetness. West･. out. of language. and. follows･. humid. place. oppressive. got. examination. which. mood. the. we. when. change. air-conditioned. depicted is. was. is wolrth. is notorious. a. were. incessant. ears,. is. headlight. where. for the buoyant. South. American in 1955,. budget. Our. of this passage. it provides. contrast. ln. times. good. rooms. of this bothered. none. Everything. The. that. slept in boggy. mosquitoes. in her. belief. feel. they. There. the memoir･. through the. but. real contacts,. no. money,. in room. a. been room. out. the. a. on. of the. along也e. would. reflectoff. people. question･ bighway･. feel spongy: walls･. shoestring. That's. The. boggy. too. In. In. static.

(3) Fiction. for. a. light･ Move. passlng. light would think. us. with. move. but. the. concept. is the human. ear.. soon. is incessant; low,. a. it will not. beyond. builds. having. ears. sing,. an. overly. sang. in. to. along. a. This. freedom. had. involved. to. you. finally hopeless. take. It. as. a. himself. things. become comic. become. movement tO. going. He. shorten. bp･ 8-9). at soul. attempt. Change･. London･6). Jonathanand. Catholic･. a. the highway have. after Jack. Jack. avoids. on. room. are. our. However,. his mother,. and. the baptlSmalname. chaotic,. in. sang. searching. and. himself.. of. what. to. but. confess,. Trカng. you. was. the boy. In the West,. classesand. ears･. to. get. a. that. I could. realize that you've. came. like fishing then. promlSlngand. the bottom,. snagged. line. Nothing. of your. end. seems. of being. sense. my. of it was. sin out. particular at first. break. not. to. mind･. a. fault. swamp,. resistant. have. that you. at. and. the whole. (p･ 17). confessionalitself:. I folded. Nothing fed. trylng. he could. wanted. tug of something. the other. on. planet. rename. confession･. about. feelthe. to. our. gets the imageryrightand. For. future.. new. catechism. to its components.. where. and. a. making. judgment. severe. down. the. attend. a. and. m. Mosquitoes. with the tires whining. The. ear･. buildsand. whining. stillness of the hot, humid. the highway.. makes. in the. dumbinsensitivity･. or. make. of complaint･. frustration. The. mosquitoe･. tires whining. the mosquitoes. on. she agreed. he. the. a. the note. mosquitoes. cruel irony,. lying in bedinthe. movement. his mother;. for. of mosquitoes,. by connecting. means. expression,. they. the hot cement. it's a mosqut'toe. complaiming･. at them,. swatting. the sound. without. being,. incessant. hackneyed. as. voice,. human. highly unusualverb. deal with but. whining. And. ear.. rolling along. human. whining. a. incessant. the boy. I thought. At. a. the boy. his. reveals. to. facilitate this change,. Jack,. a. of. view. ears,. the never-ending. To. it to. our. Moreover,. that highway. struck. empathic. the motherand. outside,. of the tires quickly. avoids a. the. a. feel their home. to. seem. associated. aJld thereby. words. the light and. On. into. back. right. the human's. as. effect. the mosquitoes. trite expression.. linked. same. Wolff. mosqutLfoes a. listening. endurance･. suggests. hone. off they. both. makes. directly. aren't. mosquitoes. turnlng. Or. Crawlalso. crawl･. with. in the air･ The. moisture. it would. associated nights,. ear. your. like the sound. anythinglike. has the. mosqultOe. slapplng. much. Mosquitoes. mosquitoes.. summer. 55. Wolff. so. with. it passed;. as. is closely. hot. Tobias. of. rapidity. down. Therubber. stop.. sound. repetitious. if there's. But. by. the light goes. as. On. Works. much. of insect. try. can. too. is full of. is made.. You. The. slowly. South. the. connection. as. and. and. subconscious. but. up. of insects. crawling,. imply. would. slowly. Truth:. and. my. itself.. (p. 18). did;. the priest. him. milk. their best to. and do. hands. together. suggested. a. cookies.. There. right by. each. and. break･ is. a. other. closed. One vivid but. my. of the. eyes and. sisters took. scehe of the totally. waited. two. confused. for something. h血to. the rectory. of them about. to. how. at. the kitchen to. do. it･. present. kitchen table.

(4) 56. Beth. She. her to. thought old. nuns. But. now. I. -. help. on. me.. was. look. to. me. My. Sister and. confessional. pleasedand. how.. seemed. kind. my. throat. that she. saw. her. to. the. about. of help. my. I needed.. swelled. I would. up.. future.. or. past. table. thisgleaming. of. mother's. Her. for the really. without. space. thanI'd. younger. Except. age.. narrow. womanof. was. of time,. outside. across. anxious. What. burnedand. eyes. him,. an. saw. I. thought. much. at Sister James. I. I did. and when. I'd given. knowing. without. Higgins. facial hair theyall. her differently.. encourage. to the. forced. up,. that. or. I'd known. only. To. -. be. Not canes. with. saw. to. I looked. waiteduntil. B.. age who. good. will worked. have. surrendered. wanted strongly her. to. if. bp. 19-20). James. told. him. to. repeat. proceeded. told. Sister James. was. busy. and. come. a. what. bad. things. nearly. verbatim. fine boy. he. them. by. She. He. as. His. agreed.. went. back. The. priest. agirl. just heard･. he had. what. was.. do. to. sheused. first confession. had. ended. His had. mother. found. would. trail the. .22. kept. tell. The. his promise. Wolff. rifle and. For Roy. gives. a. was. taking. hold. then. brave. to. poses. I set up. down.. But. a. nest. took in my. people sounds. -. (pp. 24-25). to. to. kyoo!. up. my. sights kyoo!. they Then. "didn't. in the dead that. there. nothing. more.. a. Nudging. walked I started. or. reached. snlPer,. the shade drovealong cocking. school. beany. it wasn't. with. aside. when. harm. octagonal. But. warm. in. it would. sure. be. barrel. enough.. it,and. to. then uniforms. articles of hunting to. nearly. I drew. a near. promised. after. of his army. aJld before. window.. had. turned. polish血e. one. saved. It's. had. was. martiaトlooking. that. by the front. I. so. didn't last long.. couldn't. the apartment. with. boots. hours. of the bore.. had. had.. promise. the weather. was,". Winchester. a. He. bin. made it. bin. for power.. that. Roy. and. the gun. power. now. jeep, he. what. presented. 也. 24) The. around. game. know. him.. the perfection. feel like. position. as. just a. need. Roy. to himinhis. next. linseed into the stock,. coat,. the couch. on. he. cleanit,. of the mirror.. me. but. I decided. in this, together. made. it was. eventually,. marching. camouflage. coat. the apartment,and. shooting. up. hat,. camouflage. I followed. promises.. oil it, mb. in front. dressed. furtrooper's. one.. with. and. I went. boy. of the boy's. were. Only. it down,. the. Unhappily,. secretary.. seated. of the corrupting. Roy. my. cleanit.. therifle. I sometimes. The like. I kept. the boy. a. objections, Roy. step escalation she and. as. working. game". it up to the light to confTlrm. cleanlng. striking. a. in the apartment,. break. just to. told. description. off somewhere,. the rifle out. From. gear:. it unless. so. He. his motber's. masterly. or. With. it wasn't. of the step by. week. City.. work.. "knew. myselfalone. enough. and. a. usually. l fTound. and. boy. to touch. never. Salt Lake. to. (p. 15) Despite. scientific observation his mother. support. bome丘･om. mother. to. not. promise be. them. to. trying. long. my. I began. the shades with. the street.. the hammer訂Id. knees. act. to darken. therifle At. to. barrel,. first I made. letting it snap.

(5) Fiction. The. boy. knew. Hammer on. them,. and But. at. One a. into. the shadows. beard. the shot to. a. while. l sneaked. a. scarf. someone. The. boy. home. from the. Although. he. no. was,. cross. of popsicle. after he. any. a. peculiar. I looked. chasing. that SO. man. up. each. Finally. it stopped. someone. back have. must. loud. to. me. probably After. shut. It looked. moved.. and. other. I pulled. slammed. hadn't. a. at the bottom. corner. the road.. was. feared.. it.. shoot.. cupboard. squlrrel. l wished Image. one. that. sticks. be. Of myself,. no. it wasn't he. like. images matter. of myself how. squlrrel. when. the squirrel. with. the. could. later I would. or. were. buried. and. but. dead. a. was. there,. was. sooner. to. there. bed,. to. went no. when. the idea as. Of myself I. a. shake. a. was. Old people,. sights.. sure. that. of. his mother. told. home. come. two. to. into. happen,. The. street.. have. the. in my. the sound. over. power. (pp. 25-26). remorseand. again. not. the. dropped.. cried to. into. glance. It. pair of squlrrels one. the bang. than. I had. I. window. of my. me.. who at. straight. to. fall. But. more. a. dropped. fわr something. the squlrrel. neighbors. but. my. safe.. they turned. I followed. squlrrel. seen. He. who. The. those. exhausted.. moved. wires.. waited. made. Images. Nothing. empty.. and. a. was. collectors. it is recognizedand. beenaimlng. that by the time. slowly. of self-control. They. I could. know. so. under. irritate. when to. garbage. ecstasy. were. to. only. I had. the trigger.. I fired.. had. tried not. All my. is maddening. work.. time.. .... power. the telephone. filled with. was. crylngal1. not. our. at began. without. store. or. seemed. l laughed. passed. in the they. the trigger, I drew. on. children,. they. as. that. enjoyed. walked. and. belief. canbe. I pulled. on. moment. and. gun.. strollers,. laughing. Power. It was. forth. from. the. 57. restlnglightly. - and. innocent. the innocence. who. finger. anyone. Wolff. loaded. pushing. lip to keep. time. the street.. a. each. absurd. afternoon. backand. other,. Tobias. of. and. women. -. their. hill mylittle. down. came. bite my. woman,. ofthe. for. to. in those. Fearlessness. by. walked. irritation‥‥. of. Works. in the chamber,. round. to. over. The. his ammunition. calhng had. sometimes. and. a. whoever. laughingand. kind. kept. cocked,. bead. a. Roy. where. Truth:. and. of the. end. not. affair.. resist.. get therifle. out. agaln.. Because. armed.. grotesque,. she him. had. power. l did over. me.(p.27) On Then cars. the day he. he got it out. stayed. when. away. Sister. again, from. James血ove. I beard. her commg. knocked.. It was. agaln.. he didn't. home up.. He. it but he did go back. The. again.. up the an. load. ran. to. steps. She. imperativeknock.. next. the. was. tlme,. he. didn't. load. apartment. door.. whistling.. She. She continued. his position. to. stopped. to whistle. as. it but. by the window. was. outside she waited.. aiming. it at. the door. and. She knocked.

(6) 58. Betb. I stayed. would. make. of. didn't. it myself.. understand. let her in･ At. lucid prose,. are. about. a. what. he imagined was. two. the. he. she. might. explains. Sister James's. his mother･. His. go. to. Arizona. The. one. in. extra. decided had. pen. had. time. we. she. cab. up. The. her back,. still there.. to. her in. quiz. As a. Throughthe mother. rain. smiling the trunk.. him and. he. said that he. shaking. "You're. took. sure,. her money it.. in the drizzle. mother. her. mirror. behind. the window head.. was. Then he. now?= no. were. This. the door this belief. had. boy. railed full of. places. to. pleaded. both. said to. her.. not. to. bow. got She. him. out. and. when. it wasn't,. took. When b山she. and. I got inside. and. our. she. she. began. alone. talking, he. two. sure. and. talking, and. man. was. joking. of them. nodded.. he. wet. after another,. him. big. a. if to make. as. the two. help,. fわr the other. he stopped. see. they. good,. back. about. leavlng. I could. started wrestling to. got out. constantly. question. technicalskills.. mother. went. bin. station. me,. my. and He. kidded. one. asking. shut. down. streamlng. and. voice,. the door. in destroylng. of Wolff's. and. her. saw. the Greyhound. approached. of the cab he pulled. honked. cabby. in the reaトView. hurried. archery. under. for it. The. run. example. cabby. The. My. cab.. looking. we. low,. the steps.. a. classes. the gun.. with. Phoenix. and. Since. also cutting. to get rich quick. scheme. Seattle. is forthright. catechism. was. she slipped. interested. not. this search. agreed.. areanexcellent. pulled. the note. right to make. was. departure. in the. waited. was. that. read. paland. burned. he. want. self-protection.. fool around. and. He. some. skipping. feel. it in straightfonvard,. was. it. Since. His motber's. shirt that got soaked. Western. was. agaln. the. a. our. When. She. been. about. he. and. big change.. Roy.. had. home. go. He. fancy. kidded. pay. in him. another. confession. mother to. down. while. from. to his. how. and. I. me. I didn't. props.. satisfying.. the. (p. 12) he. was,. free time. believed. to. went. or the suitcases. bags. out. had. of their. ralnlng. a. he. speak. he. where. was. he. reason. made. identlty. is sointellectual1y. her. identity. and. own. would. I feared understand.. ability to render. Wolff's. with. costume. What. possibly. robust. fわr his. search. this memoir. to. She. finalscenes. It. matched. decide. flee from. opportunities.. desperate. be. with to. (p. 28).. arrival at the apartment.. "Fortune''ends alld she wanted. strangely,. bad. mother. much. I did.. how. he. she supervised,. so. not. would. room?What. thanthat. more. could. of my. The. knew. she. aspect. reasons. was.. to. close. even. James. she think?. would. the darkened. the ludicrous. boy's. a. so. what. What. me.. but. at. that Sister. afraid. discover. and. disapproval,. Being. behavior. of the. nun. her. same,. of. crazy. sneak. afraid. classes. the. awareness. acute. door. heramusement,. own,. of my. easily slips off into. good. I. feared. me?. even. Tbis. silent,rifleinhand,. the locked. incomprehension,. to. to. stilland. Higgins. of the rifle, the fur hat, the uniform,. she make. the poverty. and. was,. pass through. somehow. she. I. where. B.. my bags. tried to. held. it out.

(7) Fiction. My kept. Our to. to. the. usual. of the boy, and. the. inside. adults He. also. a. cab,. a. cabby.. been. hounding. was. and has. failure.. to. son. a. to. Enter. was. because. to be leavlng.. he. was. There. him. taking con丘med. a. was,. the. bags she. about. it adds. 1t emphasizes. He. "rain. was. likely. very. down. streamlng. the vitality of. with. The. woman.. cab. driver,. begin. or. chatting. or the. had. past. the place. him. right. Tlle pretty. Salt Lake. had. her down. stalked. spirit･ She's. great. driver; he's. a. with. heartbreak.. and. drives. man. of danger.. expectation. out. out was. can. the. losing. broke,. practically. they're. headed,. but. Which. would. impress. a. of the by nodding. the sidewalk. but. down. took. and. know. he. she's gaily. back,. and. serious.. or embarrassment. of. he. the door. so. got. even. rhythm not out. but. her head. shut. offended. the. smiling･. of the. car. and. tried. one. more. time. holding. out. the money. he and. the. man. showed by. need. she. and out. was. so. excited the. the contrary, mirror. have. constant!y; His. questions･ felt embarrassed. had. clearly. stopped･. boy･. he bad. was. - she. wrestling. ease.. many. joking. the intensity･. heightens. and. On. asked. The. child. himself. put. since she. he may. suggestlng. low.. wasalso. to. the rear-view He. was. while. with. that excitement.. checked. he got. cases. willing. significant. a. the steps. Her. the task. necessarily. for time. was. performed. from. she. of the. care. in front. was. trunk,. woman. we. spillover. voice. first. the. he. her. Then. polntS saw. thing. presume. His. gives. They. along. kidded. or the cab,. woman. he. but that's not. approach.. talking,. the two. soaked,. he felt pressed. her head･. shaking. we. is clear. He. man. got out. but. simply. easily be. suggestion. talking,. repetition. by. a. the boy. his proposal. a. to. is no. womanof. glVeS. his shirt got. could. direct. also be. may. the. he's not. about. gentlemanly. the kidding. indicatlng. such. Wben. Secondly,. The. and. life of failure. shirt･ When. not. and. his size. worried. for making. The. of. of the. hurried. was. voice. a. nothing. Western. did the. joking. The. interest. it seemed. fancy. Since. womaninitiated. growing. man. boyfriend. she's. characterization. He. in the cab.. for her, and. scene. it contrasts. time. there. a. vicious. almost. the suitcase,. obvious･. sat. The. a. wearing. just Carrying. the boy. The. the cabby.. he's big and. for help. but in this. bench. a. succeed.. --not. on. inside,. adults. feel comfortable. behind. Nonetheless,. of, knows. care. driver.. them.. same. of the. in the 1950's,. yet, her. her again･. take. determined. Worse. the. feel. Moreover,. leave. to. me. animation.. friendlyand. City. hoping. there. come. another. to be. cabby. At. sad,. the two. between. On. golng. was. COlloquial. is Salt Lake. the place. bad. woman. a. expect. she said. She. things,". she settled. where. the cab. with. from. the relationship. a. glVeS. joking. the cab,. their. stresslng. inside,. 59. "Ofal1. away.. in the rain is something. the picture.. constructs. taxi. This. We. off. Since. thereby. carefully. a. not. what. wondering. Wolff. (p. 32). outside. literally blurrlng. the windowりis. the bags. to the mother. standing. Tobias. of. after he drove. departure. a. of. Works. hauled. we. window.. since it leads. little confused. as. ticket. expectation. the merriment. the distance a. to. The. laughing. out. herself. laughing went. and. broke. mother. Truth:. aIld. asking. the We. don't. know. However, he. she. was. if she. himself･. to. woman. what refused. glVlng was. for the fare･ He. sure･. by. up. She. maintained.

(8) 60. Betb. their relationship the money. a. You. one. which. know. what. never. cabby's. attentions. The we. may. boy. be. fears. She. before. was丘ne. is of. a. and. his motber's. vivacious. boy. of excitement or. where,. with her. golng. woman. With. son･. buy. to. Off. one. are. bus. the. sense. out. station. of adventure. laughing.. started. her. The. went. of the cab血iver,. refusal me. she settled. She. holding. new.. on. him. with. the tickets･ The. men. whom. phrase,. by. to. the. mother. try something. sit down.. to go. to. adds His. whom･. to. taxi dde. all tbis･ Despite. watching her. and. it was. that. to. Wolff. for herself. saw. and. of his mother. portrait. easily attracted. bench,. a. and. that. cares. who. about. son.. Asthe those. final paragraph. secondand. elements. The. which. was. conceal. for the trip･ Milk curdling. my. of the other. looked Greyhound distance. tdps,. yet. remains The. those. stations. but there is a. The. or. other. suppose to the sense. takes. have. a. a. had. people. was. waltlng weren't. no. a. new. we. they. This. future･. while. They. they. two. often. of them. the. case,. eitber･. This. that. future. was. a. handful. a. bars. candy. werealready regard. get off･ Then to. whoare. my. anyone. who. anyone. The. aCt･. hold. was. golng. tO. be. over,. Presumably,. practically. sound. the mother Seattle,. take. doesn,t. along. looking. because. enough. key is the mother.. the station were. to. suitcases･. struggling. or both. with. image. long-. On. going. They. stillness, lack take. in. I tried. in the dazed. might. hauledintheir. of silent Indians･. But. we. on. up. stood. this depresslng. is a tricky balanclng. The. off with. of which. for people. are. doesn'tallow. feeling doesn,t. if. Seattle.. to. stocked. of their tether because. as. fわr Portland. me. most. through. come. the aisle, nodding. family. a. then. with. (pp. 32-33). well.. This. bought. bus and as. down. leavlng. connection. Spuds,. moment. at the end. owned･. and. our. way. to helpthem. laughing･Asif Were. a. lmage･. places･. easy. Idaho. fわr. meant. dreary. one. a. a. back. came. didn,t. one. bus. it and. boarded. our. train･ Wolff. movlng. of emptlneSS･. made. of people. everything. the mother. with their tickets to. show. of such. his mother. they. to. sense. to the nature. contained. because. only we. true. boyand. bags. pitiable. adds. bus. we. for. we. hesitated. and. smiling. drives,flies,. money. hand. my. us,. at. We. passengers･. took. mother. at dusk. when. an. saw. Babiesand. out. the children,. even. mother. the next was. make. mother. machines. Sugar. All of them, later my. and. - there. could. but my. and. Stomach. we. ability to pick. us.. few minutes. in luck. there. the pinball Duds. A. Wolff,s. observe. of Indians･. leftalready. were. from. and. I played. ln. we. can. real to. family. a. had. disappointment. my. of change･. but. night,. for. bus. we. situation. said nothing･. Phoenix. of hours,. couple. and. continues,. and. except. ahead. The. until late that. to. place. empty. straight. tickets･. our. a. make. station. 1ooked. so. Of the. just tell him. didn't. off.. drove. encouraged. toward. insisted. and. outsider. her attitude. question. emerged. an. it･ She. the money. or. have. even. Higgins. refusing. the mood. will happen,. to. that his situation. her. descrlptlOn. may. by. one. took. up,. maintains. seems. dispels those. has. gave. paragraph. fast pace. business. a. not. He. again･. This has. was. B.. not. empty.. straight and. seem. ahead. movement,. quickly Phoenix.. returned Their.

(9) Fiction. life. being. was. assessment. we. directly. but. Altbough. the boy. his mother.. On. and. the time Again,. with. mindless. man. in. bus. but. bars. candy. the kinds･. This. the candy. chord. with. rings true in my. curdling. recall that woozy, of dead helps. time,. is. tension. more. end. and. clear. Dusk. the day. of. board. a. long-distance. The. mother to. seemed proceeding. and. anything. boy. hesitated,. down. However,. bad took. son. show as. some. toward. their good a. slgn. Of. greetlngand. them. actively. -. so. they. her. are. along. passengers.. smiling. to. as. a. hint. no. of the description. an. choice Sunset. or. on.. taking. the. boy's. two. When. anyone. phrases paid. so. are. a. doing The. our. way,. the attitude. nodding. to. and. Theyare. made. attention. so.. doubt. hand. busaisle.. reveal. did this by. Of friendliness.. they. they. on. absent-minded. get. out. rlegard. hours. might. walk. When. They. long. after. a. the mood. passengers.. at them.. down. words.. is dramatic. lf we by. which. of. in well with. dazed. a. action. aware. Tbe丘nal. slgn. is. there. barely. sticking. well. They. meant. time,. decision. usually. immediately. can. careful. just look. as. simply. boy. strikes the right. came,. the other. make. of doubt,. names. of it. The. Wolff. of night.. same. are. he. be fわr the trlp,. suggests a. of. don't. but. made. they. rlegard. the. stocking. bars;. most. blends. and. At. newcomers. belonglngS. the other. intentions. of. fun.. happen.. is dusk,. passengers. boy. a. to. compactness. the beginning. soft and. - making. just plain. candy. it.Board. fuzzy. him. is playlng do. to. But. eaten. the bus. his. gave. man. seems. much. abo山to. in the dazed. mother. movlng. before. boarded. suggests. it's impossible. feet and. time. a. nothing. and. too. eaten. time. If. supposed. )ourney,. of This. mood.. felt and. it at candy. he bad. out. notwithstanding he. same. was. ever. The. indication. an. the. trouble. the. long. up,. and. leave. candy. something. very. judge. they. people's. go. something. is depresslng.. restless. The. formal.. more. evaluation. words,. theaisle.. has. bus, the other. Then. and. - nodding. do. even. judgment. cheerful. bow. the. doesn't. a. it; they. on. Evening. beintensifying.. they. tried to. some. to. tired. narrowand. suggesting mother. make. In other. evaluation.. always. t()o. are. of. didn't get. stood. that is, they. the. easy. Again,. woman's. machines.. do. to. of coffee. boredand. station. boy. a. on. who. they. people. with. didn't be. wheedle. grew. to go. place. The. go. time.. new. they. to. boarded,. they. for. he. bit sick because. It's also. on. bus. would. maintainthe as. pinball. no. In the waiting. little. a. The. spirited. understood. Wolff. a. expectation. they. delivered. was. try to. and. were. after cup. is a transitional. After. bus. cup. Anyone. is uninteresting.. the bus.. them;. and. slgnificant,. The. But. child waiting. sensation.. the bus arrived,. little. a. a. there. manwith. feeling. was. stomach.. sickish. the. A. didn't. consistent. the atmosphere･. of their sittinginthe. sustain When. of. he. he'sinheaven.. enlivens he. gay,. mother. station,. drinking and. the bus. laughing,. his feelings. into. The. hope.. station. speci丘city on. This. was. entertainment.. is beguiling. be got. when. with. a. news. first, but the connection. disappointed,. bus. he seemswithout. pass a. on. up. Greyhound. this. 61. isn't.. he got. to. machines,. Portland. for his mother. scrapes. a. go. Wolff. is the mother's.. obviously. he tried to hide. all the. True. coins.. to. Tobias. of. Nevertheless,. schedule.. naturally. consideration. sneakiness. Works. assessment. optlmism was. The. is the mother's.. the contrary,. sweetnessand. those. to. easy her. bus. a. This. had. They. the assessment. is questionable,. some. by. in luck.. were. Seattle･. to. know. we. determined. Truth:. and. them, and. the they. smiling.

(10) 62. Betb. And boy. are. second. rented. and. the boy. the boy's The. boy. television to. brakes. guilty but. was. the. seeing. denied. principal. The. most. stepfather When was. a. persistent. man. laugh,. mechanic. hard. and. though. they. tried. to. had. few. there. days was. Dwight to. the. Chinook mother. to. live together. of the. care. engagedand. his. baby. new. encouraged. him. to.. At. Club,. be. into. room. at school,. aJld. to. not. and. Dwight,. accused. place. of scratching office. insisted. and. be. his mother. on. didn't. And. think. different. men.. portrayals. or. to. greatest. dimensions.. Mountainsinthe. he. much. was. all teenagers.. he left. It made. Kathy,. the. mother. and. Pearl.. The. the. and This. boy. thought. the. his mother. and. to. went. the boy's. was. it. Dwight three hours. boy. Marian,. a. real.. about. little village of Chinook. daughters,. Norma,. releasing. their hiding. thevice-prlnCipal's. of the. one. of. Dickensian. Thanksgiving,. windows,. days.. him.. subject. two. it was. kids in those. was. was. are. children's. thought. innocent,. tried to introduce. of. after. he. together. popular. from. Cars. to. taken. was. punish. and the. Skipper,. wildly. ducktail,. a. the boy. called, believed. and. a. eggs at PaSSlng. day. them. of. breaking. named. son. To. scenes. engagedinshoplifting,. Stepfather. mimicked. told him. rifle. His. his first chance a. attic of. Chinook. first hint. of. come.. Dwight Winchester. decided. the goalof. One. father. man,. his children,. and. one. coolwas. was. Cascade. not. got. the. and. Mouse. throwlng. become. a. the. lived with. tried too. was. what. He. a. to. livedinthe. and. back.. rest. mother. was. met. little. of the other. and. take. and. Kathy. Silver,. Mickey. three boys. decided. was. He. the boy丘rst. visit Dwight. to. inthe. needed. suitor. in literature.. of Seattle･. north. comb. building.. it. His. the boy. women. Stay bone. Marianand. converted. Marian,. three. their hair back. hills, and. on. who丘nally. Marianthought. The tO. and The. of the boy's. the wall. On. obscenlty. He. to. The. of Silver's apartment. the roof. an. of. her endearlng. and. livedina. they. where. housekeeper,. was. Soon. Taylor. liked. cars. task. watched. continued.. mother. too.. some丘･iends,. escapades. Seattle. wi也the. worked.. their shirt collars raised. wear. ever-hopeful. secretary.. Marian's. women. of the times,. the emergency on. house.. get engaged,. made. show. His. unmarried. of the fifties. They. reminiscent. cool. to. mother. friends. made. while the other. This. is set in West. pregnant,. dilapidated. a. and. a. HiggiⅢs. betterlife.. a. of. His mother. Kathy,. it started.. where. "Uncool",. part,. boardinghouse.. boarders,. ends. in search. off agaln. The a. "Fortune". so. B.. to. ago. he. would. had. it. When. it. that. wanted and. mother. shoot. nothing. there. was. only. could. do.. to marry. live with. would. quit. She. did not. him her. hidden. Thanksgiving. the gun. turkey they. when. at the shoot,. for adults.. and. try to. a. theyarrived. the boy's. job. be. boy. The. motherand. his children.. was. came. could. in Seattle. and. make弧y. Of this sound. they. would. go. to. and. Seattle. Dwight. told. certain. he. him. had. he and. to. bring. his be. this would. just learned. knownallalong. there.. school. could. he had. that after Christmas. suggested He. shoot. but. the boy. If things. went. come. well,. get married.. like great. news.. Instead. she spoke. as.

(11) Fiction. if she she. wanted. Dwigbt be. bad. afraid. at a. tavern･. The. him. asked. Tbis. Dwigbt. "A. better.. =you. (p. 89). New. to. Dwigbt. with. stuff. and. the boy. held. but. home. stopped Then down. wear. fastalong. to. on. he. but he worried the. dashboard.. the. had. said. something. refused. the boy. short third part in which. threatening. begins. him.. and. I'll snatch. got that?. You're. me. it might. Marian. he. they. on,. the radio. driving. very. around. because. played. but. claimed. fries for the boy.. started. perform. Deal",也e. Further. told him. He. it in the trunk,. they. then. him. boy. first. (p. 84) beaver.. a. French. the radio The. it.. put. money･. But. acknowledge.. over. to. and. play. of nowand. ordered. Whole. hotshot. that. pull. afraid. It ends. to. few hours.. fishtai1‖. to. was. some. hamburger. not a. boy. the. to. ran. purposely. worth a. 63. l gave. so. choice,. of the tavernand. out. Dwight. act.. ride fわrms. car. know. he. for. no. told. was. back. tavern. ``began. what. it. telling the boy. came. car. Dwight. brought. stayedinthe. last, Dwight. and. Wolff. be selfish not. the way. on. Tobias. of. I bad. and. thought. wentinand. the mimicking. about. stopped. Works. she would. I thought. did it･ He. Dwight. The. which. Chinook. it. They. miss. roads,. Dwight. to. into the tavern. it. At. mountain. to. the boy. Dwight. the battery･. duty. approval.. Dwight. so. back. he went. my. drove. tried to. was. about. in this plana. saw. Truth:. and. baldJleaded,. you. you. ". understand? =Yes. sir.=. =you're. in for a血ange,. You. mister･. in fわr. a. ball. notber. whole. game." I braced. This. fifth parts. and. in the. in =Citizenship. own. of the. He. memoir･. Home=. and. badgerlng. started. boy.. The. trouble. with. The. trouble. work. me. witb me. He a. his. comesinto. fourth. the. b･ 91). curve.. next. stepfather. in the School",. "citizenship the. a. of. nightmare. for the. myself. paper. didn't. want. smile and. in Scouting,. other. went. with. to the. the Eagle,. tO. golng I. was. life without. get through. l. The. thinking･. was. doing. else. The. th皿eVeryOne. smarter. tell what. couldn't. people. have. free time. then. When. Dwight. walk. the boy refused. worked. to. he had. so. the Scout. to. the boy. othersand. criticize him･. was. any. trouble. trouble. with. (p. 95). think.. to. I. I thought. was,. wi也me. the boy. Dwigbt. route･. I thought. was,. I thought. I didn't. was,. good-byeand drinking. was,. me. send. home. him. meetings. and. in silence･ himself. in the papers. the Boy. join. up. to. Scouts. a允e-ar°s. At. home,. the boy. didn't. on. say. would. start. would. for the highest. qualify. saylng. they. Dwight. take. and. rank. deserve. it･. (p.198) He. had. to. turn. overall. the. money. he. made. from. the paper. route. so. it would. be. saved･.

(12) 64. Beth. This He. was. fill the nights, the spines. gloves,. use. There. were. Eve. two. He. When. take. go. stuck. close by. and. and. made. frequent. reference. got him. would. bead. he. would. .... turns. the. eIlded, to. get through,. before. the. decoratlng. theme. Dwigbt. was. it was white, he. and. the chests. and. put it on. moved. walls.. on. Dwight had. to. the. and. When. we. going.. He. of drawers,. white.. And. that. week.". On. on. my. shoulder. 也.99). I playedalong.. everything. He. was丘ne. the way. back. then. takes. couldn't. to Chinook,. dining-room. bad. more. weather. 也. 100) be. humorous. side･ After. home. It nev?r. on.. gallons. endured. the mother. of white. paint.. accepted His interior. shading.. nights. runnlng. We. Stayed. up late palnting. Dwight. looked. the coffee. table white.. He. the dining-room. table. He. called it "blond". even. off-white;. it was. of oil.. (p. 104). but it wasn't The. heavy.. house. chairs. me.. with. onand. it as. through. me. wrong. it went. But. to. finished. painted and. were. I experienced. me.. brought the. that. something. fわr several had. truth･. dimand. as. and. hours,. couple things. some. highly. a. a. more. to hurt. - without. the furniture,. eye-frying. some. contained. saw. Dwight. his tarps. kept. good,and. strength,. the boy. out. me. for. just closeand. monochrome. spread. the ceilings. tell. to fix up the house. he decided. drink. and. it lost its power. himself,. to. He. mother.. wrong. his band. put. Roy's.. could. When. tavern.. biting,. not. marriage,. Unbeknownst his proposal,. long. thanhe. the boy's. done. together.. tell her. would. up. went. cured.. time.. and. done. a. until. (pp. 153-154). studyinmold. see. stink.. die Christmas. being. was. I had. me. at. them. the boy. he and. his visits to. all the. we'd. be. more. any. bill of particulars before. and. funthings. a. them. made. about. to. allowed. not. he heard. and. something. smiled. and. which. saw. was. forgot. clicked. on. him. jovial. He. the river and. above. Dwight's. he watched. he. televisionand. they. or. schoolwork. the tavern. at. with. minute,. fわr his usual. stop. him. a. orange. the beaver. with. boy. to. his bands. mind. the. him. on. grip. His. the other,. acted. fわr. alone. Fire.". to. along,. chestnuts.. Dwight. he wanted.. gymshoes shoes.. Since. watching. one. or. route. did. throughDwight's. They. from. to. was. storedalong. He. Dwight. Even. Open. an. been. paper. the boy. If his mother break. had. not. "the. mention. (p. 99). on. horse. of the winter.. the fanny. later when. they. excuses. made. would. and. some. his first gameinstreet. juice turned. it lasted most. to buy. the money. play. shuck. the. and. Higgins. to use. to. him. made. the flashlight. turned. had. his丘ngers. cut. Roasting. the attic where. Dwight. Dwight. years. "Chestnuts. the boy. anowing teamand. severalboxes. Christmas song,. not. basketball. the. on. To. to. includd. miserliness. B.. blond reeked. until. those,. or. finally only. the. planO. saw. around, palntedall. stark,. Was. that. the beds when. industrial. left..

(13) Fiction. He. gazed. at it with. I looked. The. the planO.. at. pensively. Truth:. and. him.. It. Works. He. was. Tobias. of. HSort. said. of. old Baldwin. an. Wolff. 65. doesn't. out,. stands upright,. it?". in black. cased. walnut,.…. (p.105) Since. nobody. It. was. You. could. play. just a. piece. really. we. the bench,. the foot. painted Dwight. ones,. and. all.". palnt. he. the. Dwigbt. on. new. branch.. a. white,. we. very. carefully. takes. us. step. by. picture. We. cabinet.. the keys,. to. pedestal. of her gabled. out. of the ivory. yellow. palnted. show,. the elaborateinlaid. the lustrous. painted. the antique. the. hair leaning. yellow. We. wouldn't. from. rose. painted. because. Finally,. Wolff. right down white. intricate. looked. even. wrong the black. all except. Under. Wolff's. preparing. Christmas. he. home. a. for his. hand. if. as. the a. produced fascination. Dwight's. wife.. the famny. painted. spray. new. seems. little girl and. Dwight's. guidance,. it. the plan0,. over. step. of the yellow-haired. the encasement. a man. of. One. endured.. to. shroud.. picture. to. himself. from fわund. he. was. if that. face. I dropped his bands. on. was. night's. me.. He. the blankets.. rhythm. and. I knew. I pulled. my. other. off the bedand. bad. He. caught. car. and. I shouted. kicked. the. how. at. night. out. he. done,. the boy. but. me. covered. Christmas. covers. to. "trunk. tree,. band. but. hearing.. he. my on. either. Somehow,. with. but. covers. I. before. a. One. sandwich･. reared I could. the. across. but I couldn't me,. locking. my keep me. fast convulsive. meina. conscious. back,. other. the sandwich. fわrth. side of. no. and. jerked. forearm,. hitting. He. refused,. asleep.. eating. backand. kept. in the throat. away,. the. myself,. his legs. was. the. it.. under. lashed. Dwight. everyone. denied. face with. my. Since. sittlng in bed. was. Once. escapades.. drive.. after. hands. open. name,. hit him. the boy's. of protecting. the bed,. on. his. one. with. His. beyondall. free and. him. adventure,. he wanted.. was. teach. did. nor. stop. first, instead. kneeling. was. he arm. boy. at. and. the sandwich. away.. to. the. sneaked. the. what. in with. him. and. the sandwich, as. away. Dwight. wanted. what. didn't. cruelties. the previous out. Then holding. he. school,. teach. exhausted bad. Dwight's. marriage. high. entered decided. day,. redbird. We. braided. girl with. that. columns. scrollwork.. strokes. (p. 148). After boy. hilarious. a. white. a. a. brush. our. so. (p. 106).. in this. redbird. masterwork: with. Of. funeral. a. attending. slnglng. picture. in which. manner. thefluted. a. the. course.. of. the pedestal,. pedals.. agalnSt. fine bristles. the carved. listen to. to. window. out.. painted. the keyboard,. above. we're. We. to be pulsing.. that it seemed. inall this whiteness. else.. it. Using. on. work. dark. so. anywhere. it stood. to. the keyboard.. The. look. that. went. painted. to. of furniture,. couldn't. I agreed We. it:. gasping.. get up. intention, I pushed. he grabbed. my.

(14) Betb. 6(∼. hair and. forced. of the neck. for him. me. me. away. he pushed. It wasn't. necessary. One. afternoon. when. and. they. know. tO. became. Dwight. jerked. jar. Finally. he. The. not. boy's. chest.. He. to. whiskey. Dwight. jar was. the. wbetber. home. came. the brand. the States,. over. off･. people or. empty. not･. landing. as. leavlng. the boy. home. home. When. got. to. Chuck,. son,. a. back. down. toward. the. live with. (p.231). his fingersinthe. His. boy's. First, his love for his mother. decided. mother. family,. another. he took. it he answered,. about. jabbed. of the. one. hospital,. stayinthe him. He. class at school.. shop. and. in pain.. was. a. asked angry. howled. for him. arranged. in. from. Dwight. Dwight. this stepfather?. survived. face. my. out. started. returning. his finger. He. Their. year.. school. shoved. eye. When. my. face.. (p. 231). on. TlrSt Step. a. and. jar against. of the. neck. 也. 202). relieve the pain.. in this house.". of the. the world. made. anyone,. to. mother. and. interesting,. like. did not. Salt. offered. anoffer. my. the beginning or. it. The. to. they. or. ticket lines. stores. her. a. mother. could. felt this. Portland. of party.. job. the Bolgers,. buddies. her enthusiasm. and. she. depend. dull. or. assurance,. had. and. a. on. because. into. a woman. house. roominher. her. talking. everybody. she. a. vitality.. had. until lucky. a. depression. but. found. we. feeling. by. a. about. and. be likeable the bus. ride. until it seemed. a. owned. out. of sympathy･. it. On. laughing. and who. them. they would. lived up to. talk to. would. outbursts. she assumed. mostly. She. drawlng. restaurants,. partisan. mean;. and. of the passengers,. she went. or. it was.. her,. with. concentrationand. One. declined. of the marriage boy. somehow,. tofindpeople. expect. and. Lake kind. some. even. in grocery. And. their stories withintense. My. from. friendly.. seem. anywhere,. listening. out. all. 也. 177). Dwight. set. this. life.. She. At. the hair. you?". the. across. fell down,. had. to. empty. led to the boy's. that. leave and. until the end How. disagreed. up. lesson.". to. Then. while.. specificity about. is sold. mustard. a. back. I waited. "Clean. your. wrong. Wolff's. mustard･. hair.. my. hot dogs.. some. the open. pushed. by. me. grabbed. the boy. the drinker. to. learned. seriously. made. On. in the. me. hoarsely･. breathing. me,. he had. he hit. like that for. stayed. doneanything. off part of his finger. After. cut. "I'm. had. We. said, =I hopeyou. the boy. he said, and. this look. incident. of Dwight's. for. he. away. "Does. some. they. his grlP. over. Frencb's. and. tightened. pantlng.. and. Out,. Since. scene･. Then. He. )ar of French's. like. Dwigbt. again,". slapped. accidentally. stood. the mattress.. enraged. "Look. l. He. was. a. about. jar looks. the. what. bin. have. to. mother. the. bear. up.. for the boy. Visualize. against. at the door. turned. got inanargument. it easy. makes. got. Higgins. the shock.. I could. and. the boy's. hard. with. agaln.. he said. He. mess,‖. down. I wentrigid hit. to. face. my. B.. store. place. in Portland, of. our. Seattle.. fわrce of will pulled. own,. (p. 99) herself.

(15) Fiction. For bad. she. the. possibility. l found. in Chinook. as. a. like. The fantasy had. with. real family.. a. rife and. moved. Chinook. and. That. I had there. baving. by. the idea. from. Marian,. change. and. thusallow. and. the incredulityof. The The to. boy･s. father go. money. to. had. married. to. boy's. him. and. he had second. to. a. year. of. tO. us. all of. to. life. a. still make. her. admit. hall. She time. spend. with. as. myself. I. filled. together. a. doubt. to. The. This. to. on. they. chance. to. their way. to. a. fiercely. was. and if. me. people no. own. family. of running. believe. l. older long. him away. me,. a. change at all.. but. 也.89). Geoffrey.7) for Geoffrey. never. sentany. rich life. After Princeton. to live. and. that boy,. was. enough. a. had. I could. dignity. brother. his father. lived sent. of. was. Silver, away. about. boy. was. and. sisters. and. really died. Although. house,. a. miraculous. if it ever. lasted. until his brother dreamed. to. the boy,s. marriage. his. would. I. sick of it and. their minds. obstacle. with. of. those. was. But. choice.. ln. a. right.. conventional.. Taylor. away丘･om up. no. living. one. I. just. go. I had. scholar-athlete,. Princeton.. half. boy. it. to. everything. that died hard,. (p. 9). knew. self. When. for Dwight. especially. I recognized. on. his active. was. considered. family,. made. in the East. and. his true. not. I thought. mother,. hadalready. who. his brother. highschool.. because. that in Chinook,. fatherlived. the boy. I wanted. sisters -. wasanidea. Choate. were. identity. own. the life I led in Seattle.. boy.. that. his. the tavern. COnVentional. of. reason. any. be. my. a. couple. millionairess.. school. contact. Unlike. introduce. others. This. his mother, no. and. because:. partly. I despised. people. without. ever-absent. the elite prep. Salt Lake inthe. own. she could. he always. outside. trouble.. it. I thought. from. me. a. Chinook,. then. more. that.. and. I could. consequence,. that. he did. things. Chinook. to. heart. away. different.. better,. of the rifle club. to form. struggling. worried. get in. move. brother. to. insisted. and. waited. of beloIlglng. Andinmy. idea how. had had. it than. to. big. a. Norma.. to. Seattle,. he. to. want. more. Pearl,. all the bad. he. radio,. agreed. was. tempted. be. the. I didn't. …. no. City, then first night. played. a. all drawn. got. mother. in the bachelors'mess. waitresslng. able to keep. was. belief that. Salt Lake. himself.. recreate. feel for. me. b. 112). persistent. to. my. that. the head. persuaded. job. part-time. believe. to. chose. and. motbered. the boy. reason. second. a. plants,. she. the PTA. took. known. even. It made. her. the bright. be lost, that it was. will. But. and. down. i badn't. up.. pause.. life could. found. l sometimes dazedly. glVe. me. slept late, something. about.. Instead,. joined. She. member.. think. up.. give. She. the house. to. mother. in my. She. staring. it gave. and. of hope. else's store. down.. tableand my. 67. for lunch. home. seen. good. Wol汀. utterly cast. came. I knew,. now. someone. did not. never. that everything. things. other. She. l. when. Tobias. of. was. mother. I had. but. existed,. from. Works. sitting at the kitchen. the truth. day. by. The. and. of the house.. tunnel. day. before,. bathrobe,. little while. my. weeks. done. never. still in her white. few. the丘rst. Truth:. and. with. leaving. sweatshirt his brother.

(16) Betb. 68. Since. in Princeton. by. and. a. narrow. escape. day. The his brother. he had. of the mustard. from. a. public. for. scbolarsbip acts. wildest He treats. did. Packard's. he. a. candid. The. Status. book. This. and. But. to. l didn't. but. to. it. They to. should. it. few. exactly Concrete to. out,. the. Like school. his report The. went. cards;. C's had. smoked, hours. the end. Except of. but. try calling. his brother's should. the beginnlng. was. library.. apply Of the. One. Or. In. this passage. Wolff. sellers in tbe丘紬es,. Vance. Concrete. were. fooled for the. yacht-club. thing. natllral were. certainly. the class problem. thousand. I understood, life they. about. take. in. them. with. the bus. these. was. away.. pencil. His. family. older. drove. boys. too. He. school. "The. Princeton. is not. home.. Only. brief listalmost. a. library. leavlng. on. a. Now. most. People I had. that. of. felt. (pp. 207-208) have. to. small. its. own. high. successful. in alterlng. tbougbt. he. A. had. bad. who. aroundinthe. in their rowdiness. from. ill. colors..... namesinthe. be left out.. forty miles. stole gas and. joined. to. in. them. depended. Chinook. your. fわr sofa,. in America.. schools. beanoppression.. would. some. or. you. counts....". pondering. want. stores. could. Yale. or. clubs. betray. davenport. in bright. house. specified. promised. chaotic.. you. Saying. private. He. the. and. the tailorsand. "Harvard that. go to. should. the ways. party.. for socialclimbers.. guide. named. of your. school. three. friends. boy. He. confess.. otherlife. issued. withgirls,. he would. a. prep. was. you. filigree exactitude. of exclusivity.. life. made. girls, the. deplore. theperfect. was. the colleges. tailors. I did not. in Concrete High. book. the walls. over. bad. He. its secrets.. away. the book. to. not. supposedly. the most. bought. l had,. was. glVlng. seemed. who. Harvard?..... which. of thislife,any. to school. people. should. the brilliant. that. class by. status. seek. purpose. with. Geoffrey's.. as. itself. Its motive. the upper. To. live and. exclusive. life, his school. the day,. heard. that the boy. of the best. one. of. same. suit to. his standard. wallsand. disappeared.. drank,. This. to. Classes.. serge. there. same. loud. the. described. really. said. possibility. He. hadanidea. in the school. it. The. the faith you. Harvard,. High,. his home. failed. perpetrated.. subvert. for rich. Painting. satisfied the. decided. and. collect call and. classperpetuates. did. should. blue. a. It is the. Packard very. ever. it to be, Packard's. and. Wearlng. enough.. a. schools.. criticism.. it with. you. and. for sick, wealthy point. prep. and. social. changlng. places. join. is not. as. he meant. patronize,. orlglnS.. brother. description. Everyone. it by. solve. should. His. the upper. consulted. listed the. you. to make. research. snobbery. me.. Whatever He. how. attack. read. in the world doing. funny. the trip. He. Seekers.. explained. democratic,. other. relevant. very. finance. to. check. of the house. out. managed. student. considered. a. arrested.. 也. 203). any. forge. tried to. He. some. and. selトinvention. what. to. us. booth. years.. Higgins. he walked. argument. at Cboate. or. being. phone. for the first timeinsix. he. money,. avoided. voice a. no. B.. was. was. of this. student.. reputations.. mountains Au. an. was. They. during. school. the. sly. At. on.

(17) Fiction. brother. His. fbrms･. application looking. I did. trouble. not. collection. the. I didn't. Luckily. for him,. Concrete. High's. envelopes. the boy. what. school. at the forms to. school. was. giving. no. these. Their. whiteness. the day. writing. them. pressed. me. they. were. as. realistic,. I composed I balked. to send. a. of･. have. my. to. say,. feeling,. and. liked. new. off,. care. to. people. was. them. taken. bother. or. seemed. down,. was. me,. give. feel bitter. It. me. made. (p. 209). Chinook,. oldest良一iend丘.om. stole the. for. With. not. being. -. of boy. her everything. could. up. out.. way. his best and He. they. to. mother. told. requesting. kind. During. across.. my. and. The. wrote. all･. it came. when. clean. When at. do･. I felt despair.. me. get. the boy. and. to at. 69. school. stationary,. in hand,. materials. he. sometimes. blank. transcript no. suffered. in. worked forms,. and. doubts. more. about. do.. to. Now. the words. came. writing. the truth.. -. believedinthe l. was. a. powerful. a. held. continued. his. swimmer,. didn't own. they I wrote. they. had. l saw,-at. Tbe of writing. boy's. life. Now. fわr him.. same. but. me,. These. them. was. sense. voice.. that l ideas. were. i皿it. was. was. than. l. verifiable. Eagle. Scout,. myself. that. an. about. I. more. factually. not. I felt. ear.. my. I thought. what. l believed. thatinsome I believed. way,. of integnty.. me. as. plainly the. or. they. and I had. 也. 213). l knew. to. own. face.. bold. on. to. letters full of lies, he would. agifted,. upright. of his school. hoped. that. hyperbole,inthe. phantom. others words. These. myself.. letters, the splendid last, my. about. resources. Now. heat. without. struggle. to. only. into. them. That. stifled truth.. it. I believed. I gave. wrote. exhausted. known. livedintheir. boy. a. They. gush.. could. In the. breathing. were. the letters of recommendation.. qulet Way. wbat. someone. known. truth against. and. for dear. to. if. said, full of. was. student.. composlng. They. be. to. It. as. easily. factsarrayed. straight-A. on. as. that had. full of things. He. I. saw. office.. asked. up. BeiI唱realistic. l. Arthur,. match. for praise. out.. like, but. didn't. locker. thing.. same. what. stayed. teachers. sent. know. nothing. Wolrr. of the schools. but at night,. my. my. C's. of. meanlng one. to. Tobias. of. he didn't. I had. forms. them. Works. addresses. was. circumlocutions,. I transferred. The. I looked. Saharan.. their silliness. The. at. he. Whenever. vast,. high-flown. and. of boy. stumped.. and. names. be got them,. the kind. was. hostile. the. When. for and. I. him. sent. Truth:. and. carried. They. com皿unlty.. would. on. carry. teachers. my. hadalready. who. all my. hopes,. bad. the good. would. their letters. And. were. who. and. boy. on. have the. it seemed. in done work. if. used boy. who to. me. 也. 214) himself have. required countered. a. powerful. that. "lies". will. If he are. truths. bad which. been. accused. counterdict.

(18) Betb. 70. facts･. the. in his. The. own. quiet. The. terms. be. confused. way. with. alumnus. be. a. in Seattle. kind. to. impress. to. I knew. there. from. face. was. to. suits and. wore. their fingers Howard. Mr.. a. led. so. on. prep. harm. stay. and. one run. it. The. The. three. give. who. hyperbole.. or. his dreams. up. irony. Howard. at the. is not. They he. and. Concrete. of this fantasy. a. there.. to. contacted. turned. to. out. drugstore meetlng. the boy He. them. Just. Old enough. was. in the Concrete. see. in bin.. looked. He. he. suit and. de. The. men. were. always. tie. because. OCCurrlng. if he. about. didn't. he. when. at. he. out. he walked.. he. them. allowed. school. cuffs and. also. runnlng Mr.. to suffocate.. was. if. as. expectancy,. at the high. them. had. a. of. little as. at their. and. affecting. interested. taught. watch. father,. Without. certain. in the. pull up. be my. a. was. pulling. know. the boy. movlng. a. with. To. me. to. bounced. who. their necks.. and. as. and. see. drugstore.. around. saw,. to. I wanted. in what. their collars. a. Staying boys. thing.. You're. be. should. forms a. able. to. It's something. to. The. friends. Chuck. all slept with. into. Bolgers. (pp. 223-224). on.. he believed. situationinwhich. was one. You. two. High.. charged. Mr.. later. college might. end. a. to. shock. Howard. up. your. 1'm. on.. doing. someone. "Let. said,. here. With. job. great. "The. to. The. grades. sure. not. that more. yourself. son,. owned. a. statutory. of the girls at the high. dairy. the boy drunk. rape. every. The. with. was. Chuck. was. but didn't a. converted While. night. two. family.. Bolger. farm. lived Hin. along. school.. Mr. Chuck.. a. Chuckand got. the Bolger. Corner".. and. family. Chuck. live with. Amen. daughters. 238) with. but. left Chinook. houseand. away.''b.. a. bit of. a. b･ 227). memolr,. had. as. answer,. excellent. consider･". at Concrete. feet. an. come. doing. for you.. of the. lived in the main. of hundred. an. make. that the boy. the sixth part. older. them,. get move. preacher.. to. can. obviously. theright. andgirls. with. boys'school. I began. after this interview. couple. had. more. a. life.". is exactly. wild,. parents. that life in. saying. good.. long. of the boy's. was. you. them. with. boy. wore. sheltered. school. not. shed. him. meet. The. ties, but less easily. They. One. than. storekeeper. storage. a. Just Say. It was. heat. boy. a. well.. who's. and. it. He. concerned. "I'mjust. me. without. in Pennsylvania.. Mr.. was. who. might. stiu had. his suit and. was. doing. to. man,. lively, foxlike.. between. wore. Howard. name. school. this. beinterested. to. show. from. you. other. ready. kids. men. His. were. His. his school.. with. Howard. narrow. Hill School. -. arranged. get out. Mr.. bimself. a. be. would. boyishness,. he. His. from. to. refusal. about. themselves.. the boy. boy. His. wrote. plainly. is irresistible.. and. different. The. dreams. wrote. the boy. and. anyinterest. with. the kids. Thunderbird. was. meet. drugstore. the Concrete. Hteachers". modesty.. the. are. showed. of fairy godfather.. he wanted. he. nor. of the schools. one. an. Of restrained. egotism,. The. his community,. outgrown. the epltOme. are. 0nly. had. Higgins. is choice･. of this passage. tone. B.. other. girl wanted. the boys.. Chuck.

(19) Fiction. ller but. to marry. he. after he. thought. life together. good. It a. he refused. boy When. and. had. the time him. allowed. Wolfr. to. High. Ansell-Wolff The. mother. $2,800and route. Dwight it was. account;. had. mother Now. the boy. that. Seattle.. They. As. we. a. been. both. we. made. Chuck By. was. going. drive. to. the boy. Chinook. they some. them. in Seattle. Without. had. shot.. dog. as. part. did well. the way. home. of guns. went. Cbinook. mangy. and. stop back. She but. Dwight. He. Wolff.. The. Jack. Jonathan. boy. one. Dwight. and. dog of his. had. he. leavlng. herand. Thanksgiving the. the boy's expenses.. found. had. and. were. was. not. they. were. in. job. a. ourselves. agaln. to. marry. He. wanted for the. He. the children shoot. boy.. Since. when. in the. leave.. at. stole Dwight's by. money route. had. selling. money.. the boy. knew. Dwight. of guns. also involved. get angry,. was. Since. him.. and. car.. agreed. given. matter. his mother. his mother. to. some. but. matches,. would. Chuck. in and. rifle Roy. the boy The. in shooting. get. escapade.. at the tailor's.. and. lost paper. Winchester to. Howard. went. to. agreed. last daring. supposed. boy. The. simply. turkey. had. that weekend,. open.. (p. 131). boys. With Mr.. paraphernalia.. participated. always. deceived. before. said belonged. lost.. $1,300inhis. his school. to help himinone. the boy's. huntlng. own. Dwight. Dwight. that. which. Dwight. the paper. with. over. up. make. were. expenses. the money. spent. of the other. be at Dwight's. -. traded. was. possibilities. We. One. fわr hunting.. revenge. also. his appolntment. the house. had. that there. she would. got Chuck. the night. used. school. (p. 263) news.. would. house. The. the $500gap. cover. had. and. different. flight.. The. no. future.. the. leavlng.. to. good. Dwight. at the tavern to. for Hill･. his mother. when. ``Tobias. a5. the. failing.. was. Jack. as. catalogue. felt free to leave. also had. the perfect. was. a. mother.. City,. known. calculated. the boy. she. for. the door,. things. gotten a. wanted. She. Dwight's. telling him,. be's. the boy's. to. locked. It. been school. anything. Seattle to keep. to. learned. He. Considered. prison.. had. other. and. return. him. never. guns. Chuck. tO drive. up. saved. fわrward. poised. faced. the boy. chance,. Salt Lake. he could. thought. promised. plans.. longer. no. She. looking. at the Bolgers',. the girl. Chuck. he. won. take. be ready. class, which. Since. discuss. to. for him.. hadn't. - restless, scheming, Back. his algebra. he had. he would. he'd to. wanted. a. (p･ 256). tell him. to. Howard so. wardrobe. agaln.. name. the Bolgers,. with. walked. new. listed in the Hill. saving. waitress.. was. were. to. $2,300. He. Dwight. empty, as. back. in Concrete. met. was. had. earned. a. his dream.. Howard. Mr.. have. would. (p. 260). his scholarship. money. be. with. Mr.. they. on. up. ideal wife;. an. Of. and. togiving. favor,. the. Jonathan,. to. to. the boy. and. his. name. asked. III.". went. change. his. change. Concrete. of. Yon. right to. was. him. his ways. from. school. 71. had弧i皿age. change prison. him. Wolff. her･ Chuck. he would. do. would. provide. love. call at. Tobias. of. preferred. a. got. the boy. the call was丘nished,. decided. He. children.. mother. his tailor in Seattle. to. Works. he didn't. that the boy. If the boy's. scholarship.. The. this ideal wife. many. at this time. was. because. married. with. Truth:. and. she. an. berate. Moreover, and. was. excellent. her, and. on. the importance. he bad丘rst. living. In. in Seattle. visited now,.

(20) 72. he. Beth. didn't. have. the boy's got. to. farewell. back The. day. next. his wife･ After. A. Dwight･. to. his house. to. in Seattle,. hid the guns. Two. SeveralpalrS. to. went. him. took. jackets,one. Weejuns,. a. pair. sweaters･. dress. of. Then. movies. shoes,. another. the boy. while. a. and. dozen. trunk. It. and. was. they. warm. Howard. tweed.. Mr･. A. blazer. A. Howard. weather,. and. A. suit.. raincoat.. put it. A. for hacking. -also. and. wardrobe.. shirts. Ties.. as. of brogans. for. Mr.. met. Oxford. around,". pair. pile of clothes. her.. on. orderedanextensive. of Harris. the other twill. A. and. it out. sandbagsinthe. the tailor's. They. of Donegal,. take. suspectinganything.. shirts for "hacking. pantsandflannel. itand. some. under. the. to. Of pantsingabardine. Corduroy. did. who. Bolgers. the. without Chuck. the Howards. pile grew･. of. Chuck. Higgins. find out. would. andinbed. lunch. Tbree. Dwight. that. worry. B,. palr. around. for sports.. another. (p. 274) Then. it was. hlmself. decided. be needed. in the mirror The. (p. 275). wearlng. step fbrw∬d,. a. his head･. There. his smile. was. and. was. they. were. the. pawnbroker he took a. the. to. boy. do. at. was. During. of. him. our. of. soon. as. been. recently the. The. busy. saw. stranger.". was. with. boy. and. back. them. pawn. outside. of Dwight. Hill, his mother. holidays. apartment. Rabelaisian. balls.. Dwight. building.. Just. revenge:) (p. 284). cocked but. cavalier,. away. to. gutter･ Washington,. trailed her before. she. have. rape,. understood. or the stage. Oscar. first two. sell them, he had. but to. pawnbrokers all the. third. get rid of them,. It's the ideal shot. tickets. But. guns. pleasure.. Since. the pawn. stealing. of statutory. would. The. could. for sixty dollars･. throwninthe moved. be. thought. threw. charge. juxtaposition is worthy. The. had. a. they. over,. the performance. viewed. before. the night. stolen･ let him. his shoulders弧d of the stage. from. released. fitting. swashbuckler.. have. had. started visiting the pawnshops･. was. in the. the boy. they. the Christmas. (performedanact kneed. "elegant. at an. something. Chuck･. his last memento. lobby. the boy. (p. 276). his friend, as. true. could. were. guns. a. of. the sixty dollars. -. When. scarf･. back. threw. in his pose,. of swagger. inkling. any. sell them. Alinsky. would. movie. After. to. he got back. suspected. and looking. was. in his pockets,. hopeful.. after by. in the presence Saul. dash. a. had. looked. his way. on. When. he felt he. clothes,. his hands. stuck. was. had. being. Wildeand. overcoat,. suit, cashmere. new. friendlyand. If the Howards which. the. "stranger". took. were. dark. a. Dwight. hadn't. bowed. fわr out.. D.C.. thereand blacked. tried to out. she. strangle. her in the.

(21) Fiction. The ends. last part the. with. at Hill he. he went. was. They. for. from. drank. them. saved.. 也. 288). West.. bring. Now. to. know. the. a. II. Biographical. AsWolff for four. several He. have. Huck. College. He. collections. a. behavior.. After. final year. his expulsion, of the. felt freeand. They. now･. which. is his memory. hopeful･. like parents. are. that boy. it from. Wolff. Huckleberry. have. told. Now,. Wolff. don't. Finn. as. a. place. leavlng. le氏the. guns. distinction.. of. the maglCal. gothic.. know. would. before. he's. has or. voices if we'd. talent. In either. the half. case,. of it. Mark. is the classic tale of boyhood.. the truth about. us. as. everything. person. and. they. worth,. its reputation. bin.. sentimental. -. Our. were. how. dipping. bottle.. or his last acts. one. and. generally. we. to. up. some丘ne. Tobias. the. thinking. lived. took. are. for all. South. gun,. side to sideand. drank丘･om. sang. become. to. children. his stay given. at. some. Hill. glimpse degree. as. become of short. one. to. a. reporter. what. to be. it means. a. boy.. from. more. leavlng. Army. the armyin1968.. in training,. theyareall. set. good in. education. 1975.. Back. than. the. He. to. went. in the. fiasco,. uranium Oxford. United. and. States,. he. Stanfordin1978. Post. get himself. to. Syracuse. of. and to. the North. has taught. Arizona,. U血verslty. critically acclaimed. the Garden. successful. Master's. of. soldiers. of the U.S.. Forces. itself.. war. a. for the Washington. of the most. stories:. much. a. at. feature. or. of the pleasures in 1972and. first lieutenant,. the. seem. in the Special. was a. war. notbiI唱about didn't. is teaching. In. became. the. finally managed be. He. end.. and. degree. and. present. didn't. allude. far Written. SO. in Vermont,. has. we. who. into. up. in Vietnam. of his works. has. At. of postscript thatinhis. us. swaylngfrom. the West. literature.. the guns. us,. served. has worked. Universlty.. tells. scene. car. we. the. be got man. w山ers. and. hymns. slng and. hopes. grew. about. receivedanadditionalMaster's He. he. hard,. leaving. was. arrived. in American. his Bachelor's. received. of the. them. shownushow. where. The. child.. told. He. Stateside.. it may. bad. kind. a. and He. and. 7二l. Information. Although. Although. to. night. has. life. Stories. has. years.. Wolff. The血al. out. Between. he. the boy. us,. partner.. pages. the amy･. sang. the low-down. on. is the exception it has. good. when. East. for. the boy. don't. a. Wolff. is headed. Fortunately. we. aJld. a氏er the boy. Soon. and. was. boy. the. few. grades. were. guns. in counterpolnt.. get his revenge. to. respect. It. of adventure.. Twain. with. strong.. out. The. Tobias. sang.. were. be different. behind. into. Chuck･. of. of redemption.. then. went. a. Just. of poor. shoulders. first met. 1S. combination. our. We. we. and. Works. feeling. a. and. and. Seattle with. sang. been. to. while. whiskey. We. was. a. a. -. The. "Amen",. Of hymns. expelled. wild. drive back. of his memoir,. singlng. Truth:. and. writers. in New. at Stan ford,. at Arizona. teaching. State. York.. in the United. American. Goddard. States. Martyrs8)and. for his two Back. in the.

(22) 74. Beth. world,9) as. for Fiction year. He. would. boy. we. 1986. The. Barracks. have. these. his. of best. Award. to. as. prizes the. story. short. the St. Lawrence. of American. well. Award. fiction. for Fictionin1985.. The. of the second. works. This. now.. Boy's. tellers in Amedca.. story. received. best piece. the. Henry. contributions. Martyrs. judged. was. three 0.. won. significant. American. family. own. honor. has. P.E.N./Faulkner. the coveted. has. one. Thief. HigglnS. Thief.10)He. to. the North. of. will examine met. become he. established. in. awarded. of his essay. has. Barracks. Zn the Garden. it was. The. The. in 1982.. when. part. his novella,. Award. art form.. an. as. well. Rea. the. as. as. B.. Life. If the. is dedicated had. man. his two. to. sons.. boy. this story,. hardcover. ed., (1982;. told. the. it?. believed. NOTES. 1). Tobias. Green. 2) 3) 4). Wolff,. Matters. ed,,. Mass,:. Harbor,. of Life and DeathI 1983), introd.,. Wampeter,. New. American. Stories,. p. xi.. Ibid. Ibid. is. There. generally. 5) 6). Tobias. See. the. 7). Geoffrey. As. one. early. ignored. a. interview. 8) Tobias 1981). 9) Tobias 10) Tobias. This. Wolff. writer. DeceptionI. this. and. Wolff,. article. Boy's. has. has. Memories Wolff,. (n. Wolff,. Back. Wolff,. The. the. that. Rumors,. careful. the. Barracks. of World,. the. (New. York:. about. naming. Authors,. about York:. (New. (London:. North. Allenand. 1975). It. Unwin,. is. practice.. MemoL.r,. book. a. Father,. Garden. in. Ugly. in Contemporary. written. of. A. he is very. said. My. Wolff, follows. LlfeI. Wolff. with. Wolff. Tobias. novel:. the. The. 117. father.. Random American. (Boston: Houghton Thief. (New York.I The. Atlantic. Monthly. his characters,. (1986), See. Geoffrey. House, Martyrs,. Mifflin Ecco. p.. Co.,. it. a. 1989).. holy. act.. 497. Wolff,. 1979). (New York:. Press,. Press,. calling. 1985), 1984).. The. The. Duke. Ecco. of. Press,.

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