して
著者 小林 美樹
雑誌名 神田外語大学紀要
号 31
ページ 25‑44
発行年 2019‑03
URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1092/00001584/
୰ⱥㄒᮇࡢ VS ㄒ㡰㸸13 ୡ⣖ 14 ୡ⣖ࡢ 3 సရࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚
ᑠᯘ ⨾ᶞ
せ ᪨
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ྂ࠸ࢱࣉࡢㄒ㡰࡛࠶ࡿືモࡢVSㄒ㡰ࡀ୰ⱥㄒᮇ
⏕⏘ᛶࢆኻ࠺ࡘࢀ࡚ࠊࡇࡢㄒ㡰ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㉁ⓗ࡞ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢࢆㄪᰝ ࡍࡿࠋ13ୡ⣖ࠊ14ୡ⣖ࡢ3ࡘࡢసရࢆ㈨ᩱࡋࠊVSㄒ㡰㉳ࡇࡿືモࡢᛶ㉁
ࡢኚ↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࡶࠊ┠ⓗㄒࡀඛ⾜ࡍࡿVSㄒ㡰ࡢ⏝ᐇែࡶὀ┠
ࡍࡿࠋ
13ୡ⣖ࡢAncrene Wisse࡛ࡣከᵝ࡞ືモࡀV2⌧㇟ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇ
ࡢసရࡣྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡀ❚࠼ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ14ୡ⣖ࡢThe Cloud of Unknowing ࡛ ࡣࠊືモVS ㄒ㡰ࡢ⏝ࡀᐃᆺⓗ⾲⌧ࡸࠊㄆ㆑ືモࠊ≧ែືモࡰ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚
࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢㄒ㡰ࡢ⏝㢖ᗘࡢῶᑡక࠸ࠊ⌧ࢀࡿືモ㉁ⓗ࡞ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ
ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋ┠ⓗㄒᑟࢀࡿVS ㄒ㡰ࡣࠊ┠ⓗㄒࡀ๓᪉↷ᛂⓗ๓
ᩥࡢ㐃⤖ᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡍᙧ࡛ࡲࡔ୍⯡ⓗ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┠ⓗㄒ௨እࡢせ⣲ࡀඛ
⾜ࡍࡿືモVS ㄒ㡰ࠊ┠ⓗㄒࡀඛ⾜ࡍࡿVSㄒ㡰ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ୪⾜ࡋ࡚ῶᑡࡋ ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ
ྂⱥㄒࡣཝᐦ࡞ព࡛ࡢ V2ゝㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋHaeberli (2002) ࡢྂⱥㄒࡢㄪᰝ
ࡼࡿࠊࡰ⤯ᑐⓗV2ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓthen-groupࡢモࠊྰᐃ㎡ࠊၥ モ௨እࡢせ⣲ࡀᩥ㢌⌧ࢀࠊࡲࡓㄒࡀ௦ྡモ௨እ࡛࠶ࡿ⠇࠾࠸࡚ࠊVS ㄒ
㡰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ྜࡣ 28.7%࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊHaeberli (2007) ࡼࡿࠊୖグྠ
ࡌᩥ⎔ቃ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊືモࡀ⮬ືモ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡣ8ࡀVSㄒ㡰ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺ࠊྂⱥㄒࡣཝᐦ࡞V2ゝㄒ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊV2⌧㇟ࡣᗈࡃほᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ ୰ⱥㄒ (1150-1500) ࡣࠊྂⱥㄒࡀࡶࡘࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞V2 ゝㄒࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ㉁ࡀኻࢃ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡃᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ୰ⱥㄒࡢࡰྠᮇࡢసရ࡛ࡶࠊVS ㄒ㡰ࡢ㉳ࡇ
ࡾࡸࡍࡉࡣ㛤ࡁࡀ࠶ࡾࠊཎ๎ⓗ࡞ V2ゝㄒࡽ㠀V2 ゝㄒࡢኚࡣ┤⥺ⓗ࡞
ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ13ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢAncrene Wisseࠊ14ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢRichard Rolleࠊ 14ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢThe Cloud of Unknowingࢆ㈨ᩱࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢసရ࠾࠸࡚VS ㄒ㡰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ⎔ቃࢆࠊືモࡢᛶ㉁ᩥ㢌せ⣲ࡢ✀㢮࠸࠺ほⅬࡽほᐹࡋࠊྛస ရࡀࠊⱥㄒࡀ㎺ࡗࡓ㠀V2ྥ࠺㐨➽ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞⨨࠶ࡿࡢࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ
㸰㸬㼂㻿 ㄒ㡰㛵ࡍࡿྂⱥㄒⓗᛶ㉁
ᮏ✏࡛ᢅ࠺3ࡘࡢసရࡀVSㄒ㡰㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡢ⛬ᗘྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆṧࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࡢࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢᛶ㉁ࢆኻࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㝿ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎ⌧௦ⱥㄒ
࠾࠸୍࡚⯡ⓗ㉳ࡇࡿXVSㄒ㡰ࢆ♧ࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞XVSㄒ㡰ࡀྂⱥㄒⓗᛶ㉁
ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࢆ᫂☜ࡍࡿࠋྰᐃಽ⨨ᵓᩥ there ᑟࢀࡿᏑᅾᵓᩥࢆ㝖 ࡃࠊ⌧௦ⱥㄒࡢᖹླྀᩥ࠾࠸࡚XVSࡢX⨨㉳ࡇࡿせ⣲ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ๓⨨モ
ྃࠊᙧᐜモྃࠊモྃࠊࡲࡓࠊືモࡢ⌧ᅾศモ࣭㐣ཤศモࢆ㒊ࡍࡿྃࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
(1) To his left was a long, shadowy, cobbled passage running beside what looked like barred loose boxes.
(2) Vital to such decisions is a clear understanding of system functions, failure modes and the consequences of failure.
(3) Here before me were two people in love, oh yes.
(4) Lying inside, wrapped in a clean woolen shawl, was the smallest baby I had ever seen. (Kreyer (2006): 6-8)
ືモࡋ࡚ࡣࠊbe ືモࠊ㠀ᑐ᱁ືモࡀࡇࡢㄒ㡰⌧ࢀࠊ(5)ࡀ♧ࡍᵝࠊືモ ࡣ୍⯡ⓗXVSᵓᩥࡣ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
(5) * [In this rainforest] can find a lucky hiker the reclusive lyrebird.
(Haeberli (2010:18))
ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ XVS ㄒ㡰ࢆྂⱥㄒⓗᛶ㉁ࢆಖᣢࡋࡓㄒ㡰ࡳ࡞
ࡍࠋ
(6) ྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ྂ࠸ㄒ㡰㸦୰ⱥㄒᮇḟ➨ᾘኻྥࡗࡓㄒ㡰㸧 (i) ືモࡸ㠀⬟᱁ືモࡢVSㄒ㡰
(ii) ┠ⓗㄒࡀX⨨⌧ࢀࡿXVSㄒ㡰
㸦๓⨨モྃࠊᙧᐜモྃࠊモྃࠊືモࡢ⌧ᅾศモ࣭㐣ཤศモࢆ
㒊ࡍࡿྃ௨௨እࡢせ⣲ࡀX⨨⌧ࢀࡿXVSㄒ㡰㸧
ణࡋࠊືモࡢsayࡣ⌧௦ⱥㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ‘said he’ࡢࡼ࠺VSㄒ㡰㉳ࡇࡿࡇ
ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ྂ࠸ㄒ㡰ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸱㸬㈨ᩱࡍࡿసရ
13ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢసရAncrene Wisseࠊ14ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢRichard Rolleࠊ14ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢ
The Cloud of Unknowing㉳ࡇࡿVSㄒ㡰ࢆㄪᰝࡋࠊ୰ⱥㄒࡢ๓ᮇࡽᚋᮇ
ࡅ࡚ࡇࡢㄒ㡰ࡢ⏝㛵ࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡢࠊࡲࡓࠊኚࡀ㢧ⴭ
࡛࡞࠸ࡢࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋAncrene Wisse ࡣಟ㐨ዪࡀᏲࡿ
ࡁᡄᚊࢆㄝ࠸ࡓಙ௮ࡢ᭩ࠊࡲࡓࠊRichard RolleࡢసရThe Cloud of Unknowing ࡣ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⚄⛎⩏ᩥᏛ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏ✏࡛㈨ᩱࡍࡿసရࡣࢀࡶ᐀ᩍ᭩࡛࠶ࡿ
Ⅼ࡛ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ㄒ㡰ࡣࠊᩥయ㛵ࡍࡿ᭩ࡁᡭࡢಶᛶࡢ⾲ࢀ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊSV/VSㄒ㡰㛵ࡍࡿᡈࡿ
సရࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀࠊࡑࡢ௦ࡢᩥἲࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛
࡞ࡉࢀࡓ୰ⱥㄒࡢㄒ㡰◊✲ࡣࠊࡰྠᮇࡢసရ࡛ࡶ VSㄒ㡰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྜࡀ
ᖜ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊHaeberli (2007) ࡼࡿࠊ ඹ15ୡ⣖୰㡭ࡢసရ࡛࠶ࡿBook of Margery KempeCapgrave’s Chronicle࡛ ࡣࠊືモ௨እࡢືモྡモྃࡀVS ㄒ㡰࡛⌧ࢀࡿྜࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ36.5%
74.0%࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡁ࡞㛤ࡁࡀ࠶ࡿ (Haeberli (2007):19)1ࠋ
ᮏ✏࡛㈨ᩱࡍࡿ3సရࡣᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㢟ࡀྠ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢసရ
࠾ࡅࡿVS ㄒ㡰ࡢ⌧ࢀ᪉ࠊྛస⪅ࡢᩥయࡢಶᛶࡀࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ ᑡ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡣಶேⓗ࡞ዲࡳ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣᩥἲࡀᫎࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ
ぢࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸲㸬㻭㼚㼏㼞㼑㼚㼑㻌㼃㼕㼟㼟㼑
㸲㸬㸯 ືモࡢ✀㢮
ᅇࡢ㈨ᩱࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶྂ࠸௦᭩ࢀࡓసရࡣึᮇ୰ⱥㄒᒓࡍࡿ Ancrene Wisse࡛࠶ࡾࠊ14ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢThe Cloud of Unknowingࡢ㛤ࡁࡣ150ᖺ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ࠾ࡼࡑ400ᖺ㛫ࡢ୰ⱥㄒᮇࡢ࡞࡛ࡣࡁࡃ௦ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸
ࡀࠊVSㄒ㡰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿືモࡢከᵝᛶ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠊࡸࡣࡾAncrene Wisseࡀࠊ᭱ࡶྂ
ⱥㄒⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉ືモࡢVSㄒ㡰ࡀᚋࡢ௦ࡢ2సရࡼࡾࡶከ ࡃࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ
௨ୗ࡛ࡣࡲࡎࠊ᭱ࡶ୍⯡ⓗ㉳ࡇࡿVSㄒ㡰ࡢᵓᩥࢆ♧ࡍࠋᮏ✏࡛ VSㄒ㡰ࡢ ㄪᰝ⏝࠸ࡿᩥࡣ⠇ࡢᖹླྀᩥࡋࠊ⌧௦ⱥㄒ࡛ࡶཎ๎ⓗಽ⨨ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྰᐃ㎡
ࡀᩥ㢌⏕ࡌࡿࡣ㝖࠸࡚♧ࡍࠋ
୰ⱥㄒࡢࡢసရྠᵝࠊAncrene Wisse ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㠀ᑐ᱁ືモຓືモ
1 ၥモࠊྰᐃ㎡ࠊࡲࡓࠊþaࠊþonneࠊnuࡀᩥ㢌⨨⌧ࢀࡿሙྜࡣࠊཎ๎ⓗࠊࡲࡓࡣ㧗☜⋡࡛ VS ㄒ㡰ࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢㄪᰝࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢせ⣲ࡀᩥ㢌⨨ࢆ༨ࡵࡿᩥࢆ㝖࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦ἲຓືモࠊ࣭ཷືࡢຓືモ㸧ࡢᏑᅾࡀᴟࡵ࡚㧗㢖ᗘ࡛V2ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗࡢᩥ࠾࠸࡚ࡣືモࢆኴᏐୗ⥺࡛ࠊㄒࢆୗ⥺࡛♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾⌧௦ ⱥㄒヂࡣࠊࢸ࢟ࢫࢺྠᵝTEAMS Middle English Textsࡽࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(7) Nu kimeth forth a feble mon2 (Part 2: 82)
‘Now comes forth a feeble man’
(8) Al thus, leove sustren, i wreastlunge of temptatiun ariseth the biyete.
(Part 4: 718)
‘Exactly in this way (lit., completely thus), dear sisters, in wrestling (or, struggling) with temptation, a benefit mounts up for you.’
(9) Her-to falleth a tale, a wrihe forbisne. (Part 7 :58)
‘Thereby hangs a tale (lit., concerning this [there] falls a tale), a hidden parable (or, an exemplum with a hidden meaning).’
(10) Thus walde Eve inoh-reathe habben i-ondsweret. (Part 2 :60)
‘Thus would Eve readily enough have answered.’
(11) Of hire ahne suster haveth sum i-beon i-temptet. (Part 2 180-1)
‘By her own sister has an anchoress (lit., some) [sometimes] been tempted.’
㠀ᑐ᱁ືモࡸຓືモࡀ VSㄒ㡰㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࡣ୰ⱥㄒࢆ㏻ࡌ୍࡚⯡ⓗ
ほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊAncrene Wisse ࠾࠸࡚ࡣືモࡀ VS ㄒ㡰㉳ࡇࡿࡇࡀᑡ࡞
ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋືモࡀຓືモࢆక࠺ሙྜࡢVSㄒ㡰ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊຓືモࡀࡇࡢㄒ㡰ࢆ
ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ(12-17)࡛ࡣຓືモࡀ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ᩥࡢࡳ
ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌧௦ⱥㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࡶಽ⨨ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡢࡀཎ๎࡛࠶ࡿࠊྰᐃ㎡ࡀᩥ㢌
⨨ࢀࡓᩥࡶ㝖࠸࡚♧ࡍࠋ⌧௦ⱥㄒヂ࠾࠸࡚ࠊཎᩥ࡛VSㄒ㡰⌧ࢀࡿື
2 ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢᩥࢆᩥࡢ㏵୰ࡲ࡛ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊᘬ⏝㒊ศࡢ᭱ᚋࡢ⨨ࢥ࣐ࣥࡀ↓࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
ྃㄞⅬࢆࡘࡅࡎ♧ࡍࠋ
モࡢពࢆ⾲ࢃࡍ㒊ศୗ⥺ࢆᘬ࠸࡚♧ࡍࠋ
(12) Thus bitacneth hwit cros the warde of hwit chastete, (Part 2 :26)
‘Thus the white cross symbolizes the protection of white chastity,’
(13) Ant nu deth Sein Austin ba twa theos in a couple (Part 2: 124-5)
‘And now St. Augustine makes (lit., does) both these two into a couple:’
(14) Ma sleath word then sweord. (Part 2: 304)
‘The word slays more than the sword’
(15) For-thi feieth Ysaie hope ant silence bathe togederes (Part 2: 365-6)
‘Therefore Isaiah joins hope and silence both together’
(16) This featte kealf haveth the feond strengthe to unstrengen ant buhen toward
sunne, (Part 3: 218-9)
‘The fiend has the strength to unstrengthen (i.e., weaken) this fat calf and bow (or, bend) [it] toward sin,’
(17) For-thi eveneth Davith ancre to pellican thet leat anlich lif, ant to spearewe ane.
(Part: 3: 626)
‘For this reason David compares the anchoress to a pelican which leads a solitary life, and to a solitary sparrow.’
ຓືモࢆకࢃ࡞࠸ᩥ࠾࠸࡚ࠊືモࡀㄒඛ⾜ࡍࡿVSㄒ㡰ࡣ୰ⱥㄒᮇ㛫
୰ḟ➨ぢࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋAncrene Wisse࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ(12-17)♧ࡋࡓbitacneth (symbolizes)ࠊdeth (does)ࠊsleath (slays)ࠊfeieth (joins)ࠊhaveth (has)ࠊeveneth (compares)ࡢࡶࠊhat (commands)ࠊthreatith (warns)➼ࠊከᵝ࡞ືモࡀ V2⌧
㇟ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊRichard RolleࡸThe Cloud of Unknowingẚ࡚᫂ࡽ
ྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡀಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᡈࡿ௦ࠊᡈࡿసရࡢᩥἲ࠾࠸࡚V2⌧㇟ࡀࡢ⛬ᗘ⏕⏘ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࢆ♧ࡍࡓࡵࡣࠊࡦࡘࡣV2 ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿྜࢆㄪᰝࡋࠊᩘᏐ࡛♧ࡍ᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
௦ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡲࡓసရࡼࡗ࡚ⱥㄒࡀV2⌧㇟㛵ࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺ኚࡋ࡚࠸ࡗ ࡓࢆᩘᏐ࡛♧ࡍㄪᰝࡣከࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ⪃ᐹࡶ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⱥㄒࡢ㎺ࡗࡓኚࡀศࡾࡸࡍࡃ♧ࡉࢀࠊసရ㛫ࡢ㐪࠸ࡶ୍┠░↛࡛ࠊⱥㄒྐ◊
✲㈨ࡍࡿࡇࢁࡀࡁ࠸ࠋ
ࡓࡔࠊᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽࠊゝㄒࡀṔྐⓗࡓࡗࡓ㉁ⓗ࡞ኚࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩘ
Ꮠࡣ⾲ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊHaeberli ࡼࢀࡤࠊ15ୡ⣖ࡢసရ࡛࠶ࡿ Malory ࠾
࠸࡚ྡモྃືモࡀ VSㄒ㡰㉳ࡇࡿྜࡣ 14.9%ࠊືモ௨እࡢືモࡢ ሙྜࡣ36.7㸣࡛࠶ࡿ (Haeberli (2010): 147)3ࠋࡔࡀࠊᐇ㝿MaloryࡢVSㄒ㡰ࢆほ ᐹࡍࡿࠊࡇࡢసရ࠾ࡅࡿືモࡢVSㄒ㡰ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⏕⏘ᛶ㛵ࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ
14.9%࠸࠺ᩘᏐࡀ♧၀ࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽప࠸࠸࠺༳㇟ࢆᚓࡿࠋ
MaloryࡢືモVSㄒ㡰ࡢ≉㉁ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ௨ୗࡇࡢㄒ㡰ࡢࢆ♧
ࡍࠋຓືモࡢ⌧ࢀࡿᩥ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊVS ㄒ㡰ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣຓືモ࡛࠶
ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊ(18-21)ࡣຓືモࢆకࢃ࡞࠸ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
(18) Than had sir Gawayne suche a grace and gyffte that an holy man had gyvyn hym, (Malory 704: 8-9) (19) but well undirstood sir Trystram that sir Dynadan myght nat endure ayenste sir
Launcelot, (Malory 458: 34-26)
(20) ‘Such one saw I,’ seyde kynge Arthure, (Malory 28: 31) (21) And there dud sir Lameroke mervaylus dedys of armys
(Malory 216: 21-22) (ᑠᯘ (2015): 12)
3 Haeberli(2007)࠾࠸࡚ྠᵝࠊၥモࠊྰᐃ㎡ࠊࡲࡓࠊþaࠊþonneࠊnuࡀᩥ㢌⨨⌧ࢀࡿሙྜ
ࡣࠊཎ๎ⓗࠊࡲࡓࡣ㧗☜⋡࡛VSㄒ㡰ࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢㄪᰝࡣࡇࢀࡽࡢせ⣲ࡀᩥ㢌⨨
ࢆ༨ࡵࡿᩥࢆ㝖࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
MaloryVSㄒ㡰࡛⌧ࢀࡿືモࡣࠊ(18)ࡢhadࡸ(19)ࡢunderstandࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧
ែືモࡀከ࠸ࠋࡲࡓ(20)ࡢseeࡶືモ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊືᛶࡢ࠶ࡿືモ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸ࠋMalory࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⌧௦ⱥㄒ࡛ࡶVSㄒ㡰ࡀ୍⯡ⓗぢࡽࢀࡿsayࢆ㝖ࡃࠊ
(21)⌧ࢀࡿdoࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືᛶࡢ࠶ࡿືモࡀVSㄒ㡰࡛⌧ࢀࡿࡇࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊMalory㉳ࡇࡿືモࡢVSㄒ㡰ࡣࠊ୍✀ࡢᐃᆺ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚㉳ࡇࡿࡇ
ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࠕㄡࠎࡣࡇࡢᵝᏊࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⾲ࢃࡍࡓࡵࠊ(22-
23)ࡢࡼ࠺┠ⓗㄒࡀ๓⨨ࡉࢀࡓVSㄒ㡰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࠋ
(22) And [all thys] aspyed sir Palomydes, (Malory 456: 37) (23) And [all that] aspyed the quene (Malory 343: 9)
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺Malory࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊືモࡢVSㄒ㡰ࡣࠊ୍✀ࡢᐃᆺ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀ
ࡿࠊࡲࡓࡣືᛶࡢ↓࠸ືモࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀከࡃࠊືᛶࢆࡶࡘືモ ࡣ୍⯡ⓗㄒඛ⾜ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣࡇࡢసရ࠾ࡅࡿືモࡢVS ㄒ㡰ࡣࠊ㉁
ⓗ⪃࠼ࡿࠊࡰ⏕⏘ᛶࢆኻࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ13ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢAncrene Wisse࡛ࡣࠊ(12-17)♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊືモࡢVS ㄒ㡰ࡀẚ㍑ⓗከ࠸ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡇࡢㄒ㡰⌧ࢀࡿືモࡢ✀㢮ࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞
࠸ࠋ༢┠ⓗㄒࢆྲྀࡿ࠸࠺ᙧᘧୖࡢືモ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢពືᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ
ືモࡀ✀㢮ࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ VS ㄒ㡰⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ5⠇࡛♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ
14ୡ⣖ࡢRichard Rolle࡛ࡣࠊືモVSㄒ㡰ࡣ㢖ᗘࡀῶᑡࡍࡿྠᐃᆺⓗ⾲
⌧⌧ࢀࡿྜࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋAncrene Wisse ࠾࠸࡚ືモ VS ㄒ㡰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿᵝ ࡣࠊ15ୡ⣖ࡢMaloryࡸ14ୡ⣖ࡢRichard Rolle ࡢࡑࢀࡣ␗㉁࡛࠶ࡾࠊAncrene
Wisse࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᵓᩥࡀ⏕⏘ᛶࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀ❚࠼ࡿࠋ
ືモྠᵝࠊ㠀⬟᱁ືモࡢVS ㄒ㡰ࡶྰᐃಽ⨨ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓᖹླྀᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ୰ⱥ ㄒࡢᮇ㛫୰ࢇ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋAncrene Wisse࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⮬ືモࡢVS ㄒ㡰ࡢࢇࡣ(7-11)ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㠀ᑐ᱁ືモ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ(24-25)ࡀ♧ࡍᵝ
ࠊᑡᩘࡢ㠀⬟᱁ືモࡀࡇࡢㄒ㡰㉳ࡇࡿࠋ
(24) Of this meoster servith the unseli ontfule i the deofles curt, to bringen o lahtre hare ondfule laverd. (Part 4: 412-3)
‘In this capacity the wretched envious [people] serve in the devil's court, to bring to laughter their envious lord.’
(25) Thus lo, in euch stat rixleth bitternesse (Part 6: 330)
‘in each state (or, condition) bitterness reigns’
Ancrene WisseࡢV2⌧㇟ࡣࠊ㛵ࡍࡿືモࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊືモࡢࡩࡿࡲ࠸
ྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡀ᭱ࡶᙉࡃぢࡽࢀࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ
㸲㸬㸰 ᩥ㢌せ⣲
⌧௦ⱥㄒ࡛ࡶXVSㄒ㡰ࡢX⨨୍⯡ⓗ㉳ࡇࡿ๓⨨モྃࠊᙧᐜモྃࠊモ
ྃࠊືモࡢ⌧ᅾศモ࣭㐣ཤศモࢆ㒊ࡍࡿྃࡣࠊ୰ⱥㄒᮇࡶ X ⨨㢖ฟ ࡋࠊAncrene Wisse ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓ᥖࡢ(7-17)࠾࡚ࡶࠊNu (now)ࠊAl thus (completely thus)ࠊHer-to (Therby)ࠊThusࠊOf hire ahne suster (by her own sister)ࠊ
For-thi (therefore)࠸ࡗࡓࠊモྃࡸ๓⨨モྃࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(6)㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྃ௨እࡢせ⣲ࠊ༶ࡕࠕ┠ⓗㄒࠖࡀX⨨⌧ࢀࡿXVSㄒ㡰ࡀྂⱥㄒ
ⓗ࡞ྂ࠸ㄒ㡰࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋAncrene Wisse ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠ⓗㄒ๓⨨ࡢ VSㄒ㡰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࠋ
(26) (=(14)) [Ma] sleath word then sweord. (Part 2: 304)
‘The word slays more than the sword;’
(27) [Swuch grure] hefde his monliche flesch ayein the derve pinen thet hit schulde
drehen. (Part 2: 769-770)
‘[Such horror] His manly (or, human) flesh had in anticipation of (lit., against) the torturous pains that it would suffer.’
(28) [Monie ma hwelpes then ich habbe i-nempnet] haveth the liun of prude.
(Part 4: 252-3)
‘The lion of pride has many more whelps than I have named.’
(29) [Theose] threatith thus Godd thurh Ysaie (Part 4: 455-456)
‘God warns these [gluttons] through Isaiah, thus.’
(30) (=(16)) [This featte kealf] haveth the feond strengthe to unstrengen ant buhen toward sunne, (Part 3: 218-9)
‘The fiend has the strength to unstrengthen (i.e., weaken) this fat calf and bow (or, bend) [it] toward sin,’
(26-29)ࡢཎᩥ࠾࠸࡚ゅᣓᘼ࡛♧ࡋࡓせ⣲ࡣࠊኴᏐࡢືモࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦(26)ࡢ Ma (more)ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࢁྡモࡀ┬␎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྡモ࡛ྃ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࢀ
ࡤ sleath (salys)ࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊモࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼
ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸧(30)ࡢThis featte kealf (this fat calf)ࡣ┤ᚋࡢືモhaveth (has)ࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐃモ࡛⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ unstrengen (weaken)ࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧௦ⱥㄒẚ
ࠊㄒ㡰ࡀ⮬⏤࡛࠶ࡗࡓྂⱥㄒⓗᛶ㉁ࢆࡇࡢᩥぢࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
㸳㸬㻾㼕㼏㼔㼍㼞㼐㻌㻾㼛㼘㼘㼑
㸳㸬㸯 ືモࡢ✀㢮
ḟ14ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢసရ࡛࠶ࡿRichard Rolle㉳ࡇࡿVSㄒ㡰ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍ
ࡿࠋⱥㄒࡢṔྐࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ VSㄒ㡰⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡀከ࠸㠀ᑐ᱁ືモຓືモ㸦ἲຓ
ືモࠊ࣭ཷືࡢຓືモ㸧ࡀࠊRichard Rolle࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊࡇࡢㄒ㡰㉳ࡇࡿࡇ
ࡀከ࠸ࠋ௨ୗࡢ࠾࠸࡚⌧௦ⱥㄒヂࡣࠊ(37)௨እࡣࠊRosamund (1988)౫ࡿࠋ
(31) Agayn þe synne of felyng and of euele gatys, were þi handys and þi feet with harde nayles thyrlyd, (MP: 88)4
‘To counteract sinning in the sense of touch and of walking in evil ways, your hands and your feet were pierced with hard nails,’
(32) þan fel þin heed doun, (MP: 103)
‘then your head fell down,’
VSㄒ㡰⌧ࢀࡿືモࡢ✀㢮ࡣࠊ๓⠇࡛ᢅࡗࡓAncrene Wisseᗈ⠊࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸ࠋ
(33) Þis gylder layes oure enmy to take vs with, (FL: 6)
‘This is the snare our enemy sets to catch us with,’
(34) In þus many maners touches þe ymage of dremes men when þai slepe.
(FL:16)
‘In these numerous ways does the visual impression of the dream affect men when they are asleep.’
(35) Ful mykel grace haue þai þat es in þis degre of lufe. (FL: 31)
‘Very great is the grace which those who are in this degree of love have,’
(36) bot þarfore lufes he hym noght, (FL: 38)
‘yet it is not through those actions that they are loving God’
ຓືモࢆక࠺(37)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡣ」ᩘ㉳ࡇࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣືモ VS ㄒ㡰ࡢ⏕⏘
ᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
4 Richard Rolleࡢసရྡࡣ␎ㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚♧ࡍࠋ MP: Meditations on the Passion
FL: The Form of Living
(37) Mikel lufe & ioy sal þou fele, if þou wil do aftyr þis lare. (FL: 35)
‘Much love and joy shall you feel if you will follow this teaching.’
ࡲࡓࠊ(38-39)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືモࡢ VSㄒ㡰ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ୍✀ࡢ ᐃᆺ⾲⌧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
(38) For a thyng warne I þe (FL: 28)
‘Now, I’ll give you one warning’
(39) A thyng tel I þe (FL: 33)
‘One thing I wil tell you’
(35)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືモྃࡀ≧ែࢆ⾲ࢃࡍ⪃࠼ࢀࡿࠊ(37)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຓືモࢆక
࠺ࠊࡲࡓࠊ(38-39)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐃᆺ⾲⌧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢆ㝖ࡃࠊ
Richard Rolle࠾࠸࡚ືモVSㄒ㡰ࡢ㉳ࡇࡿ㢖ᗘࡣప࠸ࠋ
㠀⬟᱁ືモࡶືモྠᵝࠊྰᐃಽ⨨ࢆ㝖ࡃ⌧௦ⱥㄒ࡛ࡣVS ㄒ㡰㉳ࡇ
ࡽ࡞࠸ືモ࡛࠶ࡿࠋRichard Rolle ࡛ࡶࠊ(40)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠀⬟᱁ືモ VS ㄒ㡰ࡣ⛥
ࡋ㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
(40) SWete Ihesu, þanne criedist þou dolefulli on þe rode (MP: 101)
‘Sweet Jesu, then you called out mournfully on the cross,’
㸳㸬㸰 ᩥ㢌せ⣲
ྂⱥㄒ௨᮶ V2 ⌧㇟ࢆᙉຊᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᩥ㢌せ⣲ then-group ࡢモࡀ Richard Rolle࠾࠸࡚ࡶXVSࡢX⨨㢖ฟࡍࡿࠋþanࠊþanneࠊþenne (then)
࠸ࡗࡓモࡀࡑࢀ࠶ࡓࡾࠊ(32)ࡀࡑࡢ1 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ๓⨨モྃࡶVS ㄒ㡰
ඛ⾜ࡍࡿ X ⨨㢖ฟࡍࡿࡀࠊྂⱥㄒⓗᛶ㉁ࢆ⾲ࢃࡍ┠ⓗㄒ๓⨨ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞
࠸ࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣᩥ㢌せ⣲↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࡓࡵࠊㄒඛ⾜ࡍࡿືモࡀຓືモ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡶྵࡵ࡚♧ࡍࠋ
(41) [þin eendles loue and ruþe]
may no man telle ne biþenke, (MP: 102)
‘your endless love and pity no one can possibly reckon or even imagine,’
(42) Bot [mekenes & lufe] may he noght haue. (FL:40)
‘but patience and love he cannot tolerate.’
(43) and [þat] may þou noght do bot if þou be wyse. (FL: 40)
‘and you cannot do that unless you are intelligent’
(44) (=37) [Mikel lufe & ioy] sal þou fele, if þou wil do aftyr þis lare. (FL:35)
‘Much love and joy shall you feel if you will follow this teaching.’
(45) (=33) [Þis gilder] layes oure enmy to take vs with, (FL: 6)
‘This is the snare our enemy sets to catch us with,’
ᙜ↛࡞ࡀࡽ┠ⓗㄒ๓⨨ࡣࠊືモࢆྵࡴᩥ࡛㉳ࡁࡿࠋࡋࡋ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ
Richard Rolle ࠾࠸࡚ࡣືモࡀㄒඛ⾜ࡍࡿXVSㄒ㡰ࡣAncrene Wisseẚ
㍑ࡍࡿῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ┠ⓗㄒ๓⨨ࡢࡣࠊ(41-44)ࡀ♧ࡍᵝࠊຓື
モࢆక࠸ࠊࡑࡢຓືモࡀㄒඛ⾜ࡍࡿ VSㄒ㡰ࡢࡀ༨ࡵࡿྜࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟ⠇࡛ᢅ࠺The Cloud of Unknowingࡣࠊ᭩ࢀࡓᖺ௦ࡀRichard Rolle
ࡁࡃ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊືモࡢVSㄒ㡰⮬యࡶࠊ┠ⓗㄒ๓⨨ࡶ୍ᒙ ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⱥㄒࡢṔྐ࠾࠸࡚ࠊV2 ⌧㇟ࡢ⾶㏥ࡣ୍┤⥺㐍ࢇࡔࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ
࡞ࡃࠊྠ௦ࡢసရ㛫࡛ࡶ V2ࡢ⌧ࢀ᪉ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ
ᅇㄪᰝࡋࡓAncrene WisseࠊRichard RolleࠊThe Cloud of Unknowingࡣࠊ௦㡰
ᑡࡋࡎࡘྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡀኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡃᵝࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸴㸬㼀㼔㼑㻌㻯㼘㼛㼡㼐㻌㼛㼒㻌㼁㼚㼗㼚㼛㼣㼕㼚㼓
㸴㸬㸯 ືモࡢ✀㢮
The Cloud of Unknowing㉳ࡇࡿVSㄒ㡰࡛ࡣࠊຓືモࡀᴟࡵ࡚ከࡃ⌧ࢃࢀࠊ
ࡑࡢbeືモࠊ㠀ᑐ᱁ືモࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࠋThe Cloud of Unknowing⌧ࢀࡿㄒᙡࡸ
ࡘ࡙ࡾᏐࡣ⌧௦ⱥㄒࡢࡶࡢࡁࡃኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᩥࡢࡘ࡙ࡾᏐ➼ࠊ⌧௦ⱥㄒ
ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࡁ࠸ሙྜࡣࠊᩥࡢୗ⌧௦ⱥㄒヂࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
(46) On the same maner schalt thou do with this lityl worde God. (1461)5 (47) Bot then is the use ivel (534)
‘But then is the use evil’
(48) For on the wetyng and the felyng of thiself hangith wetyng and felyng of alle
other creatures (1535-6)
‘For on the witting and the feeling of thyself hangeth witting and feeling of all other creatures’
(49) Treuly of this disceite, and of the braunches therof, spryngyn many mescheves (1606-7)
‘Truly, of this deceit, and of the branches thereof, spring many mischiefs’
ືモࡢVSㄒ㡰ࡣࠊRichard Rolle ࠾࠸࡚ࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽῶᑡࡋࠊືᛶࡢ࠶
ࡿືモࡀຓືモࢆకࢃࡎࡇࡢㄒ㡰⌧ࢀࡿࡇࡣ⛥࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(50) Fleschly jangelers, glosers and blamers, roukers and rouners, and alle maner of pynchers, kept I never that thei sawe this book (2477-8)
‘Fleshly janglers, flatterers and blamers, ronkers and ronners, and all manner
5 ᣓᘼෆࡢᩘᏐࡣࠊTEAMS Middle English Texts࡛ࡢヱᙜ⟠ᡤࡢ⾜ᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
of pinchers, cared I never that they saw this book: for mine intent was never to write such thing to them.’
(51) And thus wenyn ofttymes som yong foles that God is theire enemye, when He is theire ful freende. (2505-6)
‘And thus ween ofttimes some young fools, that God is their enemy; when He is their full friend.’
(52) And yit thoughte He it not inowgh, (2015-6)
‘And yet thought He it not enough,’
(53) Moche love had sche to Hym; moche more had He to hir.
(50-52)⌧ࢀࡿືモࡣ┠ⓗㄒࡋ࡚⠇ࢆྲྀࡿㄆ㆑ືモ࡛࠶ࡾࠊືモ࡛࠶
ࡗ࡚ࡶືᛶࡣ↓࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ(53)ࡣࠕឡࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ⾲ࢃࡍᩥ
࡛࠶ࡾࠊhaveࡣ≧ែືモ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ືᛶࡢ࠶ࡿືモࡀຓືモඹ㉳ࡏࡎSVㄒ㡰㉳ࡇࡿࡇࡣ⛥࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (54)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ௨ୗ࡛㏙ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡣ Cloud
of Unknowing ࠾࠸࡚ືモࡢVSㄒ㡰ࡀ⏕⏘ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
(54) Moo sleightes telle I thee not at this tyme (1238)
‘More devices tell I thee not at this time’
௨ୗࡢ(55)ࡣ(54)ྠᵝఏ㐩ືモࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2 ⠇࡛ఏ㐩ືモsay ࡢSV ㄒ㡰ࡣࠊྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ྂ࠸ࢱࣉࡢㄒ㡰ࡣࡳ࡞ࡉ࡞࠸㏙ࡓࡀࠊ(54)ࡢㄝ᫂ࡢ ࡓࡵࠊsayࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡀ๓⨨ࡉࢀࡓSVㄒ㡰ࡢ(55)ࢆᣲࡆࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢᩥ࠾
࠸࡚ㄒඛ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊຓືモ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(55) Bot this may I sey thee of thoo sounes and of thoo swetnes (1716)
‘But this may I say thee of those sounds and of those sweetnesses’
(54-55)ࡶࠊ๓⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓ Richard Rolle ࡢ(38-39)ࡶࠊఏ㐩ືモࡀ㛫᥋┠ⓗㄒࡢþe
ࡸ thee ࢆకࡗ࡚ࠊVS ㄒ㡰ࡢᩥ㉳ࡇࡿ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦(55)࠾࠸࡚ࡣຓືモㄒ ࡢ VS ㄒ㡰㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊヰࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ㝿⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ୍✀ࡢᐃᆺ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ
ࢀࡽㄞ⪅ᥦ♧ࡍࡿෆᐜࢆᑟࡃࡓࡵ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋྠᵝࡢ
ࡋ࡚(56)ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
(56) And to this wil I answere thee so febely as I kan, (2108)
‘And to this will I answer thee so feebly as I can,’
4.1 ࡛♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ᪤ືモࡢ VS ㄒ㡰ࡀ㠀⏕⏘ⓗ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 15 ୡ⣖ࡢ
Malory ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ(57-58)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕㄡࠎࡣࡇࡢᵝᏊࢆぢ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ
ࢆ⾲ࢃࡍᐃᆺ⾲⌧࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊືモࡀㄒඛ⾜ࡋ࡚㉳ࡇࡿࠋ
(57=((22)) And [all thys] aspyed sir Palomydes, (Malory 456: 37) (58=((23)) And [all that] aspyed the quene (Malory 343: 9)
ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ(54)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊCloud of Unknowing ࠾࠸࡚ືモ VS ㄒ 㡰ࡀ⏕⏘ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢࡇࡢసရ⌧ࢀࡿ
ືモVS ㄒ㡰ࡣࠊ(50-53)ࡢࡼ࠺ࠊືᛶࡢᕼⷧ࡞ືモࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Cloud of Unknowing ࡣRichard Rolle ࡼࡾࡶࠊࡉࡽືモVSㄒ㡰ࡀ⏕⏘ᛶࢆኻ
࠸ࠊV2⌧㇟ࡀᙳࢆࡦࡑࡵ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸴㸬㸰 ᩥ㢌せ⣲
Cloud of Unknowing ࠾࠸࡚VSㄒ㡰ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍせ⣲ࡣࠊモࡸ๓⨨モྃࡀ
ከࡃࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࡣ⌧௦ⱥㄒྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ྂ࠸ࢱࣉࡢᩥ㢌せ⣲࡛
࠶ࡿ┠ⓗㄒࡶVSㄒ㡰ࢆᑟࡃࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋ᪤ฟࡢ(53-55)࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ┠ⓗㄒࡀX
⨨㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡢࢆࠊຓືモࡀ㉳ࡇࡿᩥࢆྵࡵ࡚௨ୗ♧ࡍࠋ
(59) And [this] wil He do (1268) (60) And [that abilnes] may no soule have withoutyn it. (1282-3) (61) [Ensaumple of this] have we in a man or a womman affraied in the maner
beforeseide. (1442-3)
‘Ensample of this have we in a man or a woman afraid in the manner beforesaid.’
(62) And [that] schalt thou fele by this (1748) (63) [Ensaumple of this] maist thou see (1773)
ືモࡀㄒඛ⾜ࡍࡿVS ㄒ㡰ࡀ⏕⏘ᛶࢆኻ࠸ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ୰࡛ࠊ๓⠇࡛ᢅࡗࡓ
Richard Rolle ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊᮏ⠇ࡢ Cloud of Unknowing ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊືモࡢ┠
ⓗㄒࡀ XVS ㄒ㡰ࢆᑟࡃࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋືモࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢ VS ㄒ㡰ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚
ࡶࠊຓືモࡀㄒඛ⾜ࡍࡿVSㄒ㡰ࡀ┦ᙜᩘ㉳ࡇࡿࡇࡀࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࡢᇶ┙࠶
ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊthis ࡸthatࢆྵࡴ๓᪉↷ᛂࡢ┠ⓗㄒ๓⨨ࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸ࡇࡶࠊ≉ᚩ
ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Warner (2007) ࡣࠊᚋᮇ୰ⱥㄒࡢ⠇ࡢᖹླྀᩥ⌧ࢀࡿXVSㄒ㡰ࢆࠊᚋ⨨ࡉࢀ
ࡓㄒࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ⨨㛵ࡋ࡚ศ㢮ࡋࠊヲ⣽࡞ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄒ⨨ࡢ㐪࠸
ࡼࡾࠊㄒࡢ㛗ࡉࡸࠊ㉳ࡇࡿືモࡢ✀㢮➼ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᩥ㢌せ
⣲㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⠇ෆࡢせ⣲ࡼࡗ࡚ୗ⠊ࡉࢀࡓせ⣲ࡀ X ⨨࠶ࡿሙྜ
ࡣࠊVSㄒ㡰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍࡃࠊࡑࡢ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍࡉࡣࠊ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿXVSㄒ㡰 ࡢ Sࡢ⨨㛵ಀࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ┠ⓗㄒࡀ X ⨨࠶ࡿሙ
ྜࡣࠊᚋᮇ୰ⱥㄒ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࡞࠾VS ㄒ㡰ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏ
⠇ࡢCloud of Unknowing ࡢㄪᰝ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊືモࡢVSㄒ㡰ࡢ⏕⏘ᛶࡀῶᑡࡍ
ࡿ୰࡛ࠊX⨨ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡀVSㄒ㡰ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍຊࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ
ࡓࠋ
㸵㸬ࡲࡵ
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ13ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢసရAncrene Wisseࠊ14ୡ⣖๓༙ࡢRichard Rolleࠊ14ୡ
⣖ᚋ༙ࡢThe Cloud of Unknowingࡢ⠇㉳ࡇࡿVSㄒ㡰ࢆㄪᰝࡋࠊⱥㄒࡀV2
ゝㄒࡽ㠀 V2 ゝㄒྥ࠺୰ⱥㄒᮇ࠾࠸࡚ࠊVS ㄒ㡰ࡢ⏝㛵ࡋࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ኚࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡢࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ
13ୡ⣖ࡢAncrene Wisse࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊከᵝ࡞ືモࡀV2⌧㇟ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚
࠾ࡾࠊ14ୡ⣖ࡢRichard RolleࡸThe Cloud of Unknowingẚ࡚᫂ࡽྂⱥ ㄒⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋ⪅ࡢ2సရ࠾࠸࡚ࡣVSㄒ㡰⌧ࢀࡿືモࡢ✀
㢮ࡀ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࠊືᛶࢆࡶࡘືモࡀࡇࡢㄒ㡰⌧ࢀࡃࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠࡌ 14ୡ⣖ࡢసရ࡛࠶ࡿRichard RolleThe Cloud of Unknowing ࡣ᭩ࢀࡓᖺ௦ ࡀࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡸࡣࡾ 14ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢ The Cloud of Unknowing
࡛ࡣືモVS ㄒ㡰ࡢ⏕⏘ᛶࡀࡉࡽῶ㏥ࡋࠊࡇࡢㄒ㡰ࡢ⏝ࡀᐃᆺⓗ⾲⌧ࡸࠊ ㄆ㆑ືモࠊ≧ែືモࡰ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ
୍᪉࡛ᩥ㢌せ⣲㛵ࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ┠ⓗㄒᑟࢀࡿ XVS ࡣྂⱥㄒⓗ࡞ྂ࠸ㄒ 㡰ゝ࠼ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢㄒ㡰ࡣ V2ࡀ᫂ࡽῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡞࡛ࡶࠊ≉๓᪉↷ᛂ ࡢせ⣲ࡀ๓ᩥࡢ㐃⤖ᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡍᙧ୍࡛⯡ⓗࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋືモࡀㄒ
ඛ⾜ࡍࡿXVSㄒ㡰୍⯡ࠊືモࡢ┠ⓗㄒᑟࢀࡿXVSㄒ㡰㸦ຓືモື
モࡀඹ㉳ࡍࡿᩥࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ୪⾜ࡋ࡚ῶᑡࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
㈨ᩱ
Hasenfratz, Robert, ed. Ancrene Wisse. Kalamazoo Michigan:
Medieval Institute Publications. 2000. TEAMS Middle English Texts Series.
Ӑhttp://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/publication/hasenfratz-ancrene-wisseӑ Gallacher, Patrick J., ed. The Cloud of Unknowing. Kalamazoo, Michigan:
Medieval Institute Publications. 1997. TEAMS Middle English Texts.
Ӑhttp://www.lib. rochester.edu/camelot/teams/cloufrm.htmӑ
Horstmann, Carl, ed. Yorkshire Writers: Richard Rolle of Hampole, an English Father of the Church, and His Followers. 2 vols. London, 1895-6. Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse. University of Michigan Libraries. 2003.
Ӑhttp://name.umdl.umich.edu/rollewksӑ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
Evelyn Underhill. (1922) ed., The Cloud of Unknowing, PDF text, Ӑhttp://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/cou/index.htmӑ
Haeberli, Eric. (2002) “Observations on the Loss of Verb Second in the History of English,”
in C. Jan-Wouter Zwart and Werner Abraham eds., Studies in Comparative Germanic Syntax, 245-272, John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
Haeberli, Eric. (2007) “The Development of Subject-verb Inversion in Middle English and the Role of Language Contact,” Generative Grammar in Geneva 5, 15-33.
Haeberli, Eric. (2010) “Investigating Anglo-Norman Influence on Late Middle English Syntax,” in R. Ingham ed., The Anglo-Norman Language and Its Context, 143-163, York Medieval Press, York.
Kreyer, Rolf. (2006) Inversion in Modern Written English: Syntactic Complexity, Information Status and the Creative Writer, Language in Performance 32, Gunter Narr, Tübingen.
ᑠᯘ⨾ᶞ㸦2015㸧ࠕMalory ࠾ࡅࡿᩥ㢌せ⣲ಽ⨨࣭㠀ಽ⨨ㄒ㡰㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹࠖ
ࠗ⚄⏣እㄒᏛ⣖せ࠘➨27ྕࠊ1-22ࠊ⚄⏣እㄒᏛ.
Rosamund Allen. (1988) ed. and trans., Richard Rolle: The English Writings, Classics of Western Spirituality, Paulist Press, New York.
Warner, Anthony. (2007) “Parameters of Variation between Verb-Subject and Subject-Verb Order in Late Middle English,” English Language and Linguistics 11, 81-111.
