Citation [岐阜大学教育学部研究報告. 人文科学] vol.[70] no.[1]

Author(s) 飯田, 泰弘

Citation [岐阜大学教育学部研究報告. 人文科学] vol.[70] no.[1]

p.[109]-[118]

Issue Date 2021

Rights

Version 岐阜大学教育学部英語教育

URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/84302

※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。

ⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ (2): Way ᵓᩥ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚

Movie Scripts for English Learning/Teaching Material (2): On the Way Construction

㣤⏣Ὀᘯ IIDA Yasuhiro

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸸⛣ືࢆ⾲ࡍ⾲⌧

ⱥㄒࡢ⛣ືࢆ⾲ࡍືモ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢ୍ㄒࡢ୰࡟ලయⓗ࡞⛣ືࡢᵝែࡲ࡛ྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋ౛࠼

ࡤࠕṌࡃࠖࢆព࿡ࡍࡿືモࡢ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࢆ (1) ࡛☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ๪モࡸᨃ㡢ㄒ࣭ᨃែㄒ࡞࡝ࢆῧ࠼࡞ࡅࢀ

ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ࡣ㐪࠸ࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡣືモ୍ㄒ࡛⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ

(1) amble ࡺࡗࡃࡾ࡜Ṍࡃࠊbowlࡍ࠸ࡍ࠸࡜Ṍࡃࠊcreepᚸࡧ㊊࡛ṌࡃࠊhobbleࡼࡓࡼࡓṌࡃࠊlumber

ࡢࡋࡢࡋṌࡃࠊlurchࡼࢁࡵࡁ࡞ࡀࡽṌࡃࠊmoseyࡪࡽࡪࡽṌࡃࠊpad㊊㡢ࢆ❧࡚ࡎ࡟Ṍࡃࠊparade

⦎ࡾṌࡃࠊplod࡜ࡰ࡜ࡰṌࡃࠊrambleࡪࡽࡪࡽṌࡃࠊroamṌࡁᅇࡿࠊroveࡉࡲࡼ࠸Ṍࡃࠊsaunter ࡢࢇࡧࡾᩓṌࡍࡿࠊshambleࡼࢁࡼࢁṌࡃࠊshuffle㊊ࢆᘬࡁࡎࡗ࡚Ṍࡃࠊslouch๓࠿ࡀࡳ࡟Ṍࡃࠊ

staggerࡼࢁࡵࡁṌࡃࠊstray㏞࠸Ṍࡃࠊstride኱⫤࡛ṌࡃࠊstrutẼྲྀࡗ࡚Ṍࡃࠊswaggerጾᙇࡗ࡚Ṍ

ࡃࠊtiptoeࡘࡲඛ࡛ṌࡃࠊtoddleࡼࡕࡼࡕṌࡃࠊtotterࡼࢁࡵࡁṌࡃࠊtrampࢻࢩࣥࢻࢩࣥṌࡃࠊwaddle

ࡼࡕࡼࡕṌࡃ 㸦⏣୰࣭ᯇᮏ 1997: 131-132㸧

Ṍࡁ᪉ࡢලయⓗ࡞ᵝែࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸ walk ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡛ࡶึᮇ࡟Ⓩሙࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ (1) ࡢື

モ⩌ࡢṇ☜࡞౑࠸ศࡅࡲ࡛࣐ࢫࢱ࣮ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࣁ࣮ࢻࣝࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞

ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ᩍ࠼᪉ࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡟ࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡢṌࡁ᪉ࢆᐇ₇ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜ඹ࡟ㄝ

᫂ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࢀࡤࠊⱥ༢ㄒ࡜᪥ᮏㄒヂࢆ (1) ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩥᏐࡔࡅ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿ

ࡼࡾࡶࠊ஫࠸ࡢືモࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㢌࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ⱥㄒࡢᵓᩥ࡛ࡶࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⛣ື࡜ࡑࡢලయⓗ࡞ᵝᏊ㸦ᵝែࡸᡭẁ㸧ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࠋWay ᵓᩥ (Way Construction) ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᵓᩥ࡛ࠊJackendoff (1990) ࡸGreenberg (1995) ࢆ➹㢌࡟ࠊࡇࢀࡲ

࡛ᩘࠎࡢศᯒࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (e.g., Salkoff 1988, Marantz 1992, Goldberg 1995, Levin and Rapoport 1995, ᙳᒣ࣭⏤ᮏ1997, 㧗ぢ࣭ஂ㔝2002)ࠋ඾ᆺⓗ࡞౛ࢆ (2) ࡛ぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(2) a. The demonstrators pushed their way into the building. (Goldberg 1995: 208) b. Bill belched his way out of the restaurant. (Jackendoff 1990: 211) c. Joe bought his way into the exclusive country club. (Goldberg 1995: 205)

(2a) ࡛ࡣࠊࢹࣔ㝲ࡀࠕ㸦ேΰࡳ࡞࡝ࢆ㸧ᢲࡋศࡅ࡚ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᘓ≀࡟ධࡿ㝿ࡢᡭẁࡀࠊ(2b) ࡛ࡣࢤࢵࣉ

ࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࣅࣝࡢࣞࢫࢺࣛࣥ࠿ࡽฟࡿ㝿ࡢᵝែࡀ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ (2c) ࡣࠊࢪ࣮ࣙࡀ࠾

㔠࡟ࡶࡢࢆゝࢃࡏ࡚㧗⣭࢝ࣥࢺ࣮ࣜࢡࣛࣈ࡟ධ఍ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ゎ㔘ࡀྍ⬟࡛ࠊ≀⌮ⓗ࡞⛣ື࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ

ࡣ୺ㄒࡢ≧ែኚ໬ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢሙྜࡶࠊ࠶ࡿ≧ែ࠿ࡽูࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸≧ែ࡬ࡢ୺ㄒࡢࠕ⛣ືࠖ࡜

⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᡭẁࡸᵝែࢆලయⓗ࡟♧ࡋࠊᗈ⩏࡛ࡢࠕ⛣ືࠖࢆ⾲ࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ Wayᵓᩥࡢ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡍ࡛࡟ศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊWayᵓᩥ࡟ࡣᡭẁࡸᵝែࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ືࡸ୺ㄒࡢ≧ែኚ໬࡞࡝ࡢ」ᩘ

ࡢゎ㔘ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊࡇࡢᵓᩥࡢ㐺ษ࡞ゎ㔘࡟ࡣࠊືモࡢㄒᙡⓗ≉ᚩࡸᩥ⬦ࠊⓎヰ᫬ࡢ≧ἣ࡞࡝ࢆ⥲ྜⓗ

࡟ᤊ࠼ุ࡚᩿ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾWayᵓᩥࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜⌮ゎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿྛ༢ㄒ

ࡢព࿡ࢆ༢⣧࡟㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ୙༑ศ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᮏ✏࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀWay ᵓᩥࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟᭷ຠⓗ࡞ᩍᮦ࡟

࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄽࡌࡿࠋ¹ ࡇࡢ኱ࡁ࡞⌮⏤࡟ࡣࠊ(1) ࡢືモ⩌ࡢ౑࠸ศࡅ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ⛣ືࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ Way ᵓᩥࡢ⌮ゎ࡟ࡣࠊᫎീ࡛ᐇ㝿ࡢືࡁࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᡭຓࡅ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ୺ㄒࡢ

≧ែኚ໬࡞࡝ࠕẚ႘ⓗ࡞⛣ືࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᫎ⏬࡛࠶ࢀࡤᩥ⬦ࡀᐜ᫆࡟ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࠊᐇ㝿ࡢWayᵓᩥࡀ

࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᡭẁࡸᵝែࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓ࠿ࡀุ᩿ࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⅼࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊࡲࡎ 2⠇࡛ࡣWay ᵓᩥࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆඛ⾜◊✲ࡢศᯒࡸ㆟ㄽࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᴫほࡍࡿࠋḟ࠸࡛3⠇࡛ࡣࠊ

⌧ᅾࡢ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡶWayᵓᩥࡢᐇ౛ࡀᩓぢࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚4⠇࡛ࡣⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜

ࡋ࡚ࡢᫎ⏬ࡢ㨩ຊࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࡢࡕࠊ5 ⠇࡜6 ⠇࡛ࡣලయⓗ࡞ᐇ౛ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᫎ⏬ࡢά⏝ἲࡢ୍ヨ᱌ࡸࠊ

ᫎ⏬ࡢ౑⏝ୖࡢὀពⅬࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ7⠇ࡣᮏ✏ࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸬:D\ ᵓᩥࡢᇶᮏ᝟ሗ

Wayᵓᩥࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟⏕⏘ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ᵓᩥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᘧᆺࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

(3) ୺ㄒ 㸩 ⾜Ⅽືモ 㸩 one’s way 㸩 [ ᪉ྥ࣭⤒㊰࣭╔Ⅼࡢ๓⨨モྃ / ๪モ ]

⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣከ✀ከᵝ࡞ືモࡢ⏕㉳ࢆチࡍWayᵓᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊṔྐⓗ࡟ࡣmake one’s way to ~ࠕ㹼࡬ࡢ⮬

ศࡢ㐨ࢆసࡾฟࡍࠖࡢᙧ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᣦ᦬ࡀ࠶ࡾ (e.g., ᅜᗈ 1970, Salkof 1988, Goldberg 1995)ࠊ

Salkoff (1988) ࡣ⌧ᅾࡢWayᵓᩥ࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿືモࡣࠊmake࡜ࡢ⼥ྜ (fusion) ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ὴ⏕ࡍࡿ࡜ศᯒ

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ(2a) ࡛ぢࡓpush one’s way through ~ࡣࠊmake one’s way through ~ by pushingࢆ⼥

ྜࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡛࠶ࡿࠋṔྐⓗ࡞౑⏝౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡶࠊmakeࢆ౑ࡗࡓ Wayᵓᩥࡣྂࡃ࠿ࡽከࡃ ぢࡘ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔࡀ (e.g., Israel 1996)ࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࡶࡣࡸmake࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ㉺࠼ࡓᖜᗈ࠸ὴ⏕ࢆぢࡏ࡚࠸

ࡿࠋ² ࡇࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࡢᵓᩥࡢලయⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆᩥἲ࡜ព࿡࡟ศࡅ࡚ᴫほࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ

ᩥἲⓗ≉ᚩ

ࡲࡎࡣ (4) ࡢᩥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࠊᩥἲⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ (4) He pushed his way through the crowd.

୍ࡘ┠࡟ࠊWayᵓᩥ࡛ࡣone’sࡢ㒊ศࡣᚲ㡲࡛ࠊthe࡞࡝࡜ࡢ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓoneࡢᣦ♧

ᑐ㇟ࡣᚲࡎᩥࡢ୺ㄒ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊwayࡣᖖ࡟༢ᩘᙧ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡓ࡜࠼୺ㄒࡀ」ᩘࢆ⾲

ࡍሙྜ࡛ࡶ༢ᩘᙧࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ (*They pushed their ways through the crowd.)ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊWayᵓᩥ࡟ࡣ᪉

ྥ࣭⤒㊰࣭╔Ⅼ࡞࡝ࢆ⾲ࡍ⾲⌧ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢせ⣲ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠸He pushed his way.ࡣᩥἲୖࡣᡂ❧

ࡍࡿࡀࠊព࿡ࡣࠕᙼࡣ⮬ศࡢ㐨ࢆᢲࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ወጁ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ⛣ືࡢព࿡ࡶ᏶඲࡟ᾘ࠼ࡿࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊWay ᵓᩥ࡛ࡣືモ࡜ one’s way ࡢ㛫࡟ูࡢせ⣲ࡢ௓ධࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ⅼࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡼ࠺ (*He

pushed forcefully his way through the crowd.) ࠋࡇࡢ஦ᐇࡣࠊ௚ືモ࡜┠ⓗㄒࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ๪モ࡞࡝ࡢせ⣲ࡀ

௓ᅾ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸஦ᐇ࡜ఝ࡚࠾ࡾ (*The student has read easily/certainly the long story.)ࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵWayᵓᩥ࡟

࠾ࡅࡿone’s way ࡢ㒊ศࡣࠊ௜ຍ㒊࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⿵㒊࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺୺ᙇࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ

Way ᵓᩥ࡟ᮏ᮶ࡣ⿵㒊ࢆྲྀࡽ࡞࠸⮬ືモࡶ⏕㉳࡛ࡁࡿ஦ᐇࡣࠊࡇࡢᵓᩥࡢ⯆࿡῝࠸Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿ (Tom yelled/shouted/moaned his way down the alley.)ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ⮬ືモbelchࡣ (2b) ࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡟Wayᵓᩥࢆᡂ

❧ࡉࡏࡿࡀࠊ᪉ྥྃࢆ㝖࠸࡚Wayᵓᩥ࡛࡞࠸ᩥ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡓࡕࡲࡕ㠀ᩥ࡜࡞ࡿ (*He belched his way.)ࠋ

1ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࢻ࣐ࣛࡸ࢔ࢽ࣓ࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠕᫎ⏬ࠖ࡜࿧ࡪࠋ

2౛࠼ࡤࠊ⌧௦ⱥㄒࡢWayᵓᩥ࡛ࡣ᪉ྥࢆ⾲ࡍྃࡀᚲ㡲ࡔࡀࠊmake one’s wayࡣ᪉ྥྃ࡞ࡋ࡛ࡶ⛣ືࢆ⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸

࠺⤫ㄒⓗ┦㐪Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

ព࿡ⓗ≉ᚩ

ḟ࡟ࠊព࿡ⓗ≉ᚩ࡟┠ࢆྥࡅࡼ࠺ࠋWay ᵓᩥ࡟⛣ືࡢព࿡ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡍ࡛࡟ゐࢀࡓࡀࠊࡇ

ࢀࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶ⛣ືࢆ⾲ࡉ࡞࠸ືモ (e.g., belch, dig, push) ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ³

(5) a. Frank dug his way out of the prison. (Goldberg 1995: 199) b. * Frank dug his way out of the prison, but he hasn’t gone yet. (Goldberg 1995: 200)

(5a) ࡢᩥࡣ┤ヂࡍࢀࡤࠕࣇࣛࣥࢡࡣฮົᡤࡢእ࡬ࡢ㐨ࢆ᥀ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡇࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ࡣࠕ᥀ࡗࡓࠖ

࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࡢ᝟ሗࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠶࡜ࣇࣛࣥࢡࡀእ࡟⛣ືࡋࡓ࠿ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊⱥ ㄒࡢWayᵓᩥ࡟ࡣ⛣ືࡢྵពࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ(5b) ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᚋ༙࡛⛣ືࢆྰᐃࡍࢀࡤࠊࡓࡕࡲࡕWayᵓ

ᩥࡣ୙⮬↛࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢ஦ᐇࡀ♧၀ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊᩥ඲యࡢព࿡ࡣᩥࡢᵓᡂせ⣲࠿ࡽᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕᵓ ᡂᛶࡢཎ⌮ (Principle of Compositionality)ࠖ࡟ࠊWayᵓᩥࡣᚑࢃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᩥ

࡟ฟ࡚ࡃࡿ༢ㄒࡢព࿡ࢆ༢⣧࡟㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡔࡅ࡛ࡣᩥ඲యࡀᣢࡘ⛣ືࡢព࿡ࡣ⏕ࡲࢀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᵓᩥ

ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟ࠕ⛣ືࠖࡢព࿡ࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡶWay ᵓᩥ࡟ࡣࠊព࿡ⓗ࡟≉Ṧ࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶࠊ」ᩘࡢゎ 㔘ࡀྍ⬟࡞Ⅼ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊୗ࡛㡰࡟☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

」ᩘࡢゎ㔘

ࡲࡎࡣࠊ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡜ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࡢ㐪࠸ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ(4) ࡸ (5a) ࡛ぢࡓpushࡸdigࡢWayᵓᩥ

ࡣࠊேΰࡳࢆ࠿ࡁศࡅ࡚ࡢ⛣ືࡸࠊฮົᡤ࠿ࡽࡢ⬺ฟ࡞࡝ࠊ୺ㄒ࡟ࡼࡿ≀⌮ⓗ࡞⛣ືࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

୍᪉࡛ (2c) ࡛ぢࡓbuyࡢᩥ㸦(6a)࡛෌ᥖ㸧ࡸࠊ(6b) ࡢsleepࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕᯖႠᴗࢆࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸

࠺ព࿡ࢆ⏕ࡴᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ≀⌮ⓗ࡞⛣ື࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊ୺ㄒࡢ≧ែࡸ♫఍ⓗᆅ఩ࡢኚ໬ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(6) a. Joe bought his way into the exclusive country club. (Goldberg 1995: 205) b. Sue slept her way to the top. (Jackendoff 1990: 213)

1⠇࡛ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡇࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢWayᵓᩥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ୺ㄒࡢ≧ែࡀูࡢ≧ែ࡬࡜⛣⾜ࢆ㐙ࡆࡿࡇ

࡜ࡀ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊᗈ⩏ࡢࠕ⛣ືࠖ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡇࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ Way ᵓᩥࢆẚ႘ⓗ⛣ື࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊWayᵓᩥ࡟ࡣ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡜ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࡢ2ࢱ࢖ࣉࡀᏑᅾ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

ࡉࡽ࡟WayᵓᩥࡣࠊูࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ2㏻ࡾࡢࢱ࢖ࣉ࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࠕ㹼ࡍࡿࡇ

࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠖࢆព࿡ࡍࡿᡭẁ (means) ㄞࡳ࡜ࠊࠕ㹼ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠖࡢព࿡࡟࡞ࡿᵝែ (manner) ㄞࡳ࡛࠶

ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤJackendoff (1990) ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ (7a) ࡢᩥ࡟ࡣࠊ(7b) ࡟᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ྍ⬟࡞ࠕࢪ࣮ࣙࢡࢆ࠸࠺ࡇ

࡜࡛఍㆟࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᡭẁㄞࡳ࡜ࠊ(7c) ࡟᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ྍ⬟࡞ࠕࢪ࣮ࣙࢡࢆ࠸࠸࡞ࡀࡽ఍㆟࡟ධ ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᵝែㄞࡳࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣᩥ⬦ุ࡛᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ

(7) a. Sam joked his way into the meeting.

b. Sam got into the meeting by joking. (means)

c. Sam went into the meeting (while) joking. (manner) (Goldberg 1990: 202)

3ࡓࡔࡋࠊ㠀᭷⏺ⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡓሙྜࡣࡇࡢ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ᅔ㞴ᛶࡢྵព

2⠇ࡢෑ㢌࡛ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊWayᵓᩥࡣmake one’s way to ~ ࠿ࡽ⏤᮶ࡍࡿ࡜ࡢศᯒࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢᵓ

ᩥ࡟ࡣࠕ㐨࡞ࡁ㐨ࢆษࡾᣅ࠸࡚㐍ࡴࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᡭẁㄞࡳࡢሙ

ྜࡣ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊࡑࡢ⛣ື࡟ࡣᅔ㞴ᛶࡀక࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤSally made her way into the

ballroom.ࡢᩥࡢሙྜࠊGoldberg (1995: 202) ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊSallyࡀேΰࡳ࡞࡝ࡢ㞀ᐖ≀ࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࡚㐍ࢇࡔ

࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡀฟࡿࡀࠊ㏫࡟ࠊ㞴࡞ࡃ⯙㋃ᐊ࡬Ṍ࠸࡚ධࡗ࡚⾜ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣࡇࡢᩥࡣ౑࠼࡞࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ࡲࡓࠊ(8a) ࡜ (8b) ࡢᐜㄆᛶࡢᕪࡣࠊࢢࣛࢫ୍ᮼศࡢࣞࣔࢿ࣮ࢻࢆ㣧ࡳᖸࡍሙྜ࡜ࠊ࢛࢘ࢵ࢝ࢆ 1 ࢣ

࣮ࢫ㣧ࡳᖸࡍሙྜ࡜ࡢᅔ㞴ᛶࡢ㐪࠸࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

(8) a. ?? Sally drank her way through the glass of lemonade. (Goldberg 1995: 204) b. Sally drank her way through a case of vodka. (Goldberg 1995: 204)

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅔ㞴ᛶࡢྵពࡣࠊ⛣ືࢆ⾲ࡍ௚ࡢືモ (e.g., come, go, move) ࡟ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊWayᵓ

ᩥࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ព࿡ⓗ≉ᚩ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ

௨ୖࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢព࿡ⓗ≉ᚩࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜Wayᵓᩥ࡟ࡣࠊ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡜ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊᡭẁ

࡜ᵝែ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊ」ᩘࡢゎ㔘ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᡭẁㄞࡳࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣᅔ㞴ᛶࡶྵពࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ

࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

㸬᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡢᢅ࠸

ࡇࡇࡲ࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓWayᵓᩥࡢ」㞧࡞≉ᛶࢆぢࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡛ࡇࡢᵓᩥࢆᢅ࠺ࡢࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜

ឤࡌࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ2020ᖺ1᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ2021ᖺᗘࢭࣥࢱ࣮ヨ㦂࡛ࡣࠊ኱ၥ5 ࡢ㛗ᩥෆ࡛makeࢆ౑ࡗࡓWayᵓᩥࡀࠊࠕᐙ࡟ᖐࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛Ⓩሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦ୗ⥺ࡣ➹⪅㸧

(9) After a while on the mountaintop, I attached the name tag to my old friend and carefully made my way home with the mountain’s gift beside me. My soul felt very much complete.

ࡲࡓࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ྥࡅࡢⱥㄒᩍᮦࡢࠗⱥㄒࡢᵓᩥ150 㸫Second Edition㸫࡛࠘ࡣ “make㸩one’s way + ᪉

ྥ͇ࡢ⤂௓ࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡾࠊelbowࠊgropeࠊlieࠊshotࠊbuy ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞ືモࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ Way ᵓᩥࡀ⤂

௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ࠊᡭẁㄞࡳ࡜ᵝែㄞࡳࡢ㐪࠸ࡸࠊ⛣ືࡢྵព࡟㛵ࡍࡿゝཬࡉ࠼ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞஦ᐇࢆ㚷ࡳࢀࡤࠊ≉␗࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡘWayᵓᩥࡶࠊ㧗ᰯࣞ࣋ࣝࡢⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ┠࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ

ⓙ↓࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ࡜࡞ࢀࡤࠊ㧗ᰯ௨ୖࡢⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡛Wayᵓᩥࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ㔜せ࡞

ព⩏ࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛௨ୗ࡛ࡣࠊⱥㄒᤵᴗ࡟Wayᵓᩥࢆᑟධࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊᫎ⏬ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᩍᮦ

࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿࠋ

㸬ᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࡢⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊ

ᮏ✏ࡢࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊWay ᵓᩥ࡟ࡣ≉␗࡞ᩥἲⓗࠊព࿡ⓗ࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡀከᩘ☜ㄆ

࡛ࡁࠊ୍➽⦖࡛ࡣ࠸࠿࡞࠸ᵓᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡶࠊWay ᵓᩥࢆ㸦ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ㧗ᰯ௨ୖࡢ㸧ⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ┠࡟ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࡘࡲࡾࠊ WayᵓᩥࢆゝㄒᏛࡢᏛၥⓗ㆟ㄽࡢࡳ࡟␃ࡵࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ࡑࡢ≉ᛶࢆⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡶ⤂௓ࡍ

࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡛Way ᵓᩥࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊࡑ࠺࡜

ࡶ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᤵᴗ᫬㛫ᩘࡢไ㝈࡞࡝ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛Wayᵓᩥࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉␗࡞ᵓᩥࢆヲࡋࡃᢅ࠺࡟

ࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᥦ౪࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡜ゝ࠼ࡤࠊᩍဨࡀࡇࡢᵓᩥ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㐺ᐅࠊ

⿵ຓᩍᮦ➼ࢆ⏝ពࡋ࡚ᤵᴗ࡟ᑟධࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡸࡾ᪉ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚௨㝆࡛ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࢆ

⿵ຓᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝ࡍࡿ୍ヨ᱌ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋᫎ⏬࡟ࡣඛ⾜◊✲࡛⤂௓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᕼᑡ࡞ᐇ౛ࡀ☜ㄆ ࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ືࡸWayᵓᩥࡢⓎヰ࡟⮳ࡿᩥ⬦ࢆᐇ㝿ࡢᫎീ࡛᫂☜࡟☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࡾ࡜ࠊᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ

࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࡀከᩘྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᖜᗈ࠸⏝㏵࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ

〇సࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᫎ⏬࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢ≉ᶒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

౛࠼ࡤࠊfindࢆ౑ࡗࡓWayᵓᩥࡢࢭࣜࣇࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ⁴

(10) At some point, your father found his way to Japan. <00:32:08> (Zoo, S(eason)1, E(pisode)1, 2015)

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢWayᵓᩥࢆ┤ヂࡍࢀࡤࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡢ∗ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡬ࡢ㐨ࢆぢࡘࡅࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ∗ぶࡀᐇ㝿࡟᪥ᮏ࡟

⾜ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡣศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡢᏐᖥࡣ ࠕ࠶ࡢேࡣ᪥ᮏ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓ

ࡵࠊࡇࡢࢭࣜࣇ࡜Ꮠᖥࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡶࠊ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟⛣ືࡢྵព࡜࠸࠺≉ᛶࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜

ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ⁵ ࡇࡢ࡯࠿ࠊᫎ⏬ࡢᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅព࿡ⓗ≉ᚩ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡞ࡀࡽぢ࡚࠸

ࡇ࠺ࠋ

㸬:D\ ᵓᩥࡢゎ㔘

ࡍ࡛࡟☜ㄆࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊWayᵓᩥ࡟ࡣ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡜ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᡭẁㄞࡳ࡜ᵝែㄞࡳ࡜࠸

ࡗࡓࠊ」ᩘࡢゎ㔘ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࡇࡢ㐪࠸ࢆᫎ⏬ࡢᐇ౛ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࡼࡾ☜ᐇ࡞

⌮ゎࡢᐃ╔࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࠸ࠋ

≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࠿ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ື࠿

ࡲࡎࠊ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡜ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࡢ୧ࢱ࢖ࣉࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ๓⪅ࡣᩥᏐ㏻ࡾேࡸ≀ࡢ⛣ືࢆព࿡ࡋࠊ ࠕ⛣ືࠖ࡜ࡣࠕ᫬㛫ࡢὶࢀ࡟ἢࡗࡓ≀యࡢ఩⨨ኚ໬ࠖ㸦⏣୰࣭ᯇᮏ 1997㸧ࡢࡇ࡜࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᚋ

⪅ࡀ⾲ࡍࡢࡣ୺ㄒࡢ≧ែࡸ♫఍ⓗᆅ఩➼ࡢኚ໬࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ2ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືモࡀ⏝

࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࠿࡟ࡶ኱ࡁࡃᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣྠࡌືモࡀ୧᪉ࡢゎ㔘ࢆ⏕ࡴࢣ࣮ࢫࢆほᐹࡋࠊࡑࡢά

⏝ἲࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡎࡣdigࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(11) a. There’s an exit. It’s a few yards behind you. But you’ll have to dig your way out.

<00:21:42> (Zoo, S2, E4, 2016) b. It’s not easy for girls like us to dig our way out. <00:34:53> (Game of Thrones, S3, E1, 2013)

(11a) ࡣࠊᆅ୰ࡢᑠࡉ࡞✰ࢆ㏺ࡗ࡚㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ┦ᡭ࡟ᑐࡋࠊࡍࡄ࡟✰࠿ࡽ㏨ࡆฟࡍࡼ࠺ᣦ♧ࢆฟࡍࢭ

ࣜࣇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡢdigࡣᐇ㝿࡟✰ࢆ᥀ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡋࠊ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ືࡢWayᵓᩥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ

࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ (11b) ࡢࢭࣜࣇࡣࠊ㌟ศࡢప࠸ዪᛶྠኈࡢ఍ヰ࡛Ⓨࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ

ࡼ࠺࡞ே㛫ࡢฟୡࡣ⡆༢࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛Way ᵓᩥࡀ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢdigࡣࠊ

⮬ศࡀ⨨࠿ࢀࡓ♫఍ⓗᆅ఩࠿ࡽࡢᡴ◚ࢆព࿡ࡋࠊẚ႘ⓗ࡞⛣ືࢆ⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࡢᫎീࢆ☜

ㄆࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ(11a) ࡣ࡯ࡩࡃ๓㐍ࢆࡍࡿ┦ᡭ࡟Ⓨࡏࡽࢀࠊ(11b) ࡣ㌟ࡢୖヰࢆࡍࡿࢩ࣮࡛ࣥࡢⓎヰ࡛࠶ࡿ

ࡓࡵࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡣྠࡌືモ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊWayᵓᩥࡣ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡜ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࡢ୧᪉ࢆ⾲ࡍᶵ⬟ࢆᣢࡘࡇ

࡜ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ྠᵝࡢほⅬ࡛ࠊfightࡢ౛ࡶぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

4ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺෆࡢኴᏐୗ⥺ࡣ➹⪅࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

5ࡓࡔࡋࠊwill࡞࡝ᮍ᮶ࡢ⾲⌧ࡀ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶᏐᖥࡣᙺ࡟❧ࡘࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋḟࡢࢭࣜࣇࡢᏐᖥࡣࠕᚲࡎࡸ ࡈ ඛ♽ࡢඖ࡟ྥ࠿ࢃࢀࡿࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⛣ືࡢ᏶⤖ࡀࡑࡇ࡟ᮏᙜ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡣศ࠿ࡾ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ

(i) His spirit will find its way to the halls of your fathers. <01:05:25> (The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, 2002)

(12) a. My father fought his way into Jotunheim. <00:13:59> (Thor, 2011) b. The only two things I can think of to help him are to pray and to hope that if you’re with him, he’ll feel that love for you and it will give him a reason to fight his way back to us.

<00:38:53> (9-1-1, S1, E3, 2018)

(12a) ࡣࠊࣚࢺࢗࣥ࣊࢖࣒࡜࠸࠺ᅜ࡬౵ᨷࡋࡓ∗ぶࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡓࡔᡓࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ

ᐇ㝿࡟ᩛᅜ࡬࡜ᨷࡵධࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺≀⌮ⓗ⛣ືࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ (12b) ࡛ࡣࠊ஺㏻஦ᨾ࡛᫃╧≧

ែࡢ཭ேࡀࠊࡑࡢ༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣ࡟ᡴࡕ຾ࡗ࡚┠ࢆぬࡲࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡢሙྜࡣࠊ୺ㄒ ࡢ≧ែኚ໬ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊẚ႘ⓗ⛣ື࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡃศ࠿ࡿࠋ

᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊmakeࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ

(13) a. Now, heart stays here, as O makes his way over here. <00:58:46>(Oz: The Great and Powerful, 2013) b. I’m starting with the obvious suspects, making my way down the list.

<00:12:20> (Salvation, S2, E4, 2018)

(13a) ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢ࠶࡜ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿసᡓࡢẁྲྀࡾࢆࠊࣁ࣮ࢺࡸ୸ࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࢆᆅ㠃࡟ᥥ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡑࡋ࡚WayᵓᩥࡢⓎヰ᫬࡟ࡣࠊ୸࣐࣮ࢡࡀ⛣ືࡍࡿ᪉ྥࢆᆅ㠃࡟⥺ࢆᘬࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ♧ࡍࡢ࡛ࠊᫎീ࠿ࡽ

ࡣ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛ (13b) ࡛ࡣࠊࠕࣜࢫࢺ࡟┠ࢆ㏻ࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺ど⥺ࡢ⛣

ືࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࡀ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕ┠ࢆ㏻ࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡣࠊ⛣ືࢆ⾲ࡍືモ go ࡶ

go through/over the listࡢࡼ࠺࡟౑࠼ࡿ஦ᐇࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊgoࡢ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡜ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࡢ⏝ἲ࡜ేࡏ࡚ࠊ

WayᵓᩥࡢᏛࡧࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ࡇࡇࡲ࡛digࠊfightࠊmakeࡢ⪃ᐹ࠿ࡽࠊྠࡌືモ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡜ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࡢ୧᪉ࢆWay ᵓᩥࡣ⾲ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᫎ⏬ࢆ౑࠼ࡤᫎീࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚≀⌮ⓗ⛣ືࡀᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾࠊẚ ႘ⓗ⛣ືࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡶᥦ♧ࡍࢀࡤࠊࡇࡢ2ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢゎ㔘ࡢᏑᅾࡀ᫂☜࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ

ᡭẁㄞࡳ࠿ᵝែㄞࡳ࠿

ḟ࡟ࠊᡭẁㄞࡳ࡜ᵝែㄞࡳࡢゎ㔘࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿࠋ᪤㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ๓⪅ࡣࠕ㹼ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ

࡚ࠖࡢព࿡࡟࡞ࡾࠊᚋ⪅ࡣࠕ㹼ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠖࡢព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊḟࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ (14) a. We ate our way across the U.S. (Jackendoff 1990: 212)

b. We went across the U.S. eating. (Jackendoff 1990: 214) c. We got across the U.S. by eating. (Jackendoff 1990: 214)

Jackendoffࡣࠊ(14a) ࡢWayᵓᩥ࡟ࡣᵝែㄞࡳ࡜ᡭẁㄞࡳࡀྍ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ (14b) ࡜ (14c)

࡟ࣃࣛࣇ࣮ࣞࢬࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡎᵝែㄞࡳࡢሙྜࡣࠊ㣗஦ࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ᪑ࡋࡓ࡜࠸ࡗࡓព࿡࡟࡞

ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୍᪉࡛ᡭẁㄞࡳࡢሙྜࡣࠊ࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ᐜㄆᛶࡀಖࡓࢀࡿ࠿ࡣ᛹ࡋ࠸ࠋᡭẁㄞࡳࡢሙྜࡣࠊࡑ ࡢືモࡀ⾲ࡍ⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐨ࢆసࡿ (creation of a path) ࡜࠸࠺ࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫࢆฟࡍࡓࡵࠊpushࡸelbow ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືモ࡟ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ࠊeatࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㐨ࢆసࡿ࡜࠸࠺≧ἣࡣ⌧ᐇୡ⏺࡛ࡣ㝈ࡽࢀࡿẼࡀࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠸

࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ࠾ⳫᏊࡢᐙ࠿ࡽእ࡟ฟࡿࡓࡵ࡟ቨࢆ㣗࡭ࠊ⬺ฟ㊰ࢆసࡿ࡞࡝ࡢሙྜࡣᐜㄆᛶࡀୖࡀࡿྍ⬟

ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ⁶ ࡘࡲࡾࠊWayᵓᩥࡢᐜㄆᛶ࡟ࡣࠊᡃࠎࡀᣢࡘୡ⏺ⓗ▱㆑ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊḟࡢᫎ⏬࡛ࡢWayᵓᩥࡢ౑⏝ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡣࠊࡇࡢࢭࣜࣇࡣேࢆ႞ࡽ

࠺ࢰࣥࣅࡀ⶝ᘏࡿୡ⏺࡛Ⓨࡏࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

6ࡓࡔࡋ➹⪅ࡀᑜࡡࡓ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢺ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ࠾ⳫᏊࡢᐙࡢቨࢆ㣗࡭࡚✰ࢆ✵ࡅࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ⛣ືࡍࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊeat࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ digࢆ⏝࠸ࡓWayᵓᩥࢆ౑࠺࡜࠸࠺㏉⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋ

(15) Dr. Caldwell : The mothers were there, too. They were... empty. Cored. All their organs devoured.

Melanie : By hungries?

Dr. Caldwell : No. From the inside.

Melanie : Babies can’t eat people.

Dr. Caldwell : These ones did. The mothers were probably all infected at once, in a single incident.

Then the embryos they were carrying took the infection as well... through the placenta.

They ate their way out. <00:52:04> (The Girl with All the Gifts, 2016)

఍ヰࡢ≧ἣ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡲࡎDr. Caldwellࡀ⏘㝔࡛Ⓨぢࡉࢀࡓዷ፬ࡢ㑇యࡣࠊ⮚ჾࡀఱ⪅࠿࡟㣗࡭ࡽࢀ

࡚యෆࡀ✵ࡗࡱ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜㏙࡭ࠊMelanie ࡀࡑࢀࡣࢰࣥࣅ (hungries) ࡢ௙ᴗ࠿࡜ၥ࠺࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟

ᑐࡋ࡚Dr. Caldwellࡣࠊእ㒊࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⮚ჾࡣෆ㒊࠿ࡽ㣗࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛⫾ඣࡢ௙ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙

࡭ࠊࢰࣥࣅ໬ࡋࡓ⫾ඣࡓࡕࡣẕぶࡢ࠾⭡ࢆ㈎ࡾ㣗࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊయእ࡬࡜ฟࡓࡢࡔ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩥ⬦

࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࡇࡢሙྜࡢeatࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟㐨ࢆసࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭẁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊWayᵓᩥࡢᡭẁㄞࡳࡀಖ ドࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᡃࠎࡢ⌧ᐇ♫఍࡛ࡣ࠶ࡾᚓ࡞࠸≧ἣࡉ࠼ࡶ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡀᫎ

⏬࡛࠶ࡾࠊ(15) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞఍ヰࢆ౑࠼ࡤࠊⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸eatࡢᡭẁㄞࡳࡢ౛♧ࡀྍ

⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ྠࡌࡃࠊࢰࣥࣅࡀ⶝ᘏࡿୡ⣖ᮎࢆᥥ࠸ࡓసရࡢ (16) ࡢ఍ヰࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊᡭẁㄞࡳࡀᣢࡘᅔ㞴ᛶࡢྵ

ព࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᩛࡢ㝕ᆅ࡟₯ධࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡀヰࡋྜࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(16) Daryl : He got muscles?

Michonne : Paramilitary wannabes. They have armed sentries on every wall.

Rick : You know a way in?

Michonne : The place is secure from walkers, but we could slip our way through.

<00:11:48> (The Walking Dead, S3, E7, 2012)

Way ᵓᩥ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ఍ヰ࡛ࡣࠊ┦ᡭ᪉࡟ࡣṊ⿦㞟ᅋࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࠊᩛ㝕ᆅࡢ࿘ࡾ࡟ࡣࢰࣥࣅ

(walkers) ࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀヰࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ⬦࠿ࡽࡣࠊᩛ㝕ᆅ࡬ࡢ౵ධࡢᅔ㞴ᛶࢆឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜

ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡛slipࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᅔ㞴ᛶࢆࡇ࠼࡚⛣ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆWayᵓᩥࡀୖᡭࡃ⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࠊ2ࡘࡢ࣮࣍ࣛᫎ⏬ࡢ౛࠿ࡽࡣࠊWayᵓᩥࡀⓎヰࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃タᐃࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ 㠀⌧ᐇⓗ࡞≧ἣタᐃࡲ࡛ࡶྔ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡀᫎ⏬࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚సࡽ

ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᫎ⏬≉᭷ࡢ㨩ຊ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶᫎ⏬ࡣࠊWayᵓᩥࡀᣢࡘᡭẁㄞࡳ࡜ᵝែㄞࡳࡢゎ 㔘࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆᡭຓࡅࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ㠀ᖖ࡟᭷┈࡞ᩍᮦ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ

㸬ᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢᏛࡧ

ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࠊᫎ⏬ࢆ౑࠼ࡤWayᵓᩥࡀᣢࡘ≉ᛶࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࡉ

ࡽ࡟ࠊⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᫎ⏬ࡽ࡞࡛ࡣࡢ㨩ຊ࡟㏕ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ

࠸ࢃࡺࡿ༝ㄒ࠿ࡽࡢᏛࡧ

ᫎ⏬ࢆᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᙜ↛ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࡀࠊᏊ౪ྥࡅࡢ࢔ࢽ࣓స ရ࡞࡝ࢆ㝖ࡅࡤࠊᩍ⫱ୖᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿF࣮࣡ࢻ࡞࡝ࡢ༝ㄒࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ ࡣᫎ⏬ⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡶᗈࡃᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙜ↛༝ㄒࡢᢅ࠸࡟ࡣὀពࡀᚲせ࡛ࠊⱥㄒ

ᤵᴗ࡛ᢅ࠺ᫎ⏬ࡸࢩ࣮ࣥࡢ㑅ᐃ࡟ࡣៅ㔜࡞ุ᩿ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ᪂⏣ (1994: 20) ࡀ㏙

࡭࡚࠸ࡿ࣓ࠗࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࢀࡤᙜ↛ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ≉࡟ࠊึᮇࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡣࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡢ

㒊ศࡀ㔜ࡃࡢࡋ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁࡲࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⪃࠼᪉ࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡣ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡟㌿᥮࡛ࡁࡲࡍࠋ࠘

࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᫎ⏬ࡢᛶ㉁ࡉ࠼ࡶά⏝ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆᶍ⣴ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡎࡣ (6b) ࡛ぢࡓ

Jackendoff (1990) ࡢ౛㸦(17b)࡛෌ᥖ㸧ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(17) a. * Bill slept his way to New York. (Jackendoff 1990: 213) b. Sue slept her way to the top. (Jackendoff 1990: 213)

ྠࡌsleepࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ(17a-b) ࡛ᐜㄆᛶࡢᕪࡀฟࡿ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ⾜Ⅽᛶ࡜≧ែᛶࡢ㐪࠸࡟

ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ(17a) ࡛ࡣࠕ╧╀ࢆ࡜ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺≧ែᛶࡀฟ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢሙྜࡣ୺ㄒ࡟

ࡼࡿෆⓗไ㝈 (internal control) ࡶຠ࠿࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⾜ⅭືモࢆồࡵࡿWayᵓᩥ࡜ࡣ┦ᛶࡀᝏ࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬ ࡣ಴⏣ (1995) ࡀᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊkeep on ~ingࢆ౑ࡗࡓࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡶᨭᣢࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࠕព㆑

ⓗ࡟㹼࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⾜࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘkeep on ~ingࡣࠊࠕ╧╀ࢆ࡜ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡢ sleep࡜ࡣඹ㉳࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ (*Bill kept on sleeping.)ࠋ

୍᪉࡛ (17b) ࡢሙྜࡣࠊࠕ╧╀ࢆࡍࡿ࡛ࠖࡣ࡞ࡃࠕᯖࢆ஺ࢃࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡢ sleep ࡢゎ㔘ࡀྍ

⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢព࿡࡞ࡽࡤWayᵓᩥࡣᐜㄆᛶࡀୖࡀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ḟࡢᐇ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳ

ࡼ࠺ࠋ

(18) You can’t fuck your way out of everything. <00:06:02> (Game of Thrones, S2, E9, 2013)

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࡍࡄయࢆ኎ࡾ≀࡟ࡍࡿዪᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕఱ࡛ࡶ࠿ࢇ࡛ࡶయ࡛ゎỴ࡛ࡁࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸

࠺ព࿡࡛Wayᵓᩥࡀ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ౛ࢆ౑࠼ࡤ (17) ࡛ࡢᐜㄆᛶࡢᕪࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ

࡜ࡀᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡾࠊ༝⊢࡞⾲⌧ࡉ࠼ࡶࠊᢅ࠸᪉ࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛ࢥࢺࣂࡢᰂ㌾ࡉࢆ▱ࡿ୍ຓ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋ

ゝㄒᏛࡢ」ᩘࡢ㡿ᇦࢆᶓ᩿ⓗ࡟ぢࡿᏛࡧ

ᫎ⏬࡟ࡣ᫬࡟ࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟」㞧࡞ゝㄒ⌧㇟ࡀ⤡ࡳྜࡗࡓ Way ᵓᩥࡶⓏሙࡍࡿࠋ(19) ࡛ࠊゝㄒᏛࡢ」ᩘ

ࡢศ㔝࡟ࡲࡓࡀࡿࢺࣆࢵࢡࢆ୍ᗘ࡟Ꮫ࡭ࡿࠊᶫΏࡋⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(19) a. Do you know how many times I’ve seen cops five-fingering their way through a perp’s spot?

<00:41:20> (Breakout Kings, S1, E1, 2011) b. That’s why you NASCAR’d your way across Queens. <00:19:10> (Breakout Kings, S1, E1, 2011) c. We’ll ninja our way in. <00:31:34> (Supernatural, S6, E22, 2011)

ࡲࡎ (19a) ࡛ࡣࠊfive-finger ࡀࠕ୓ᘬࡁࢆࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ືモ࡛౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊྡモ࠿ࡽືモ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮

(conversion) ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ

ḟ࡟ (19b) ࡣࠊ࣮࢝ࢳ࢙࢖ࢫࢆࡋ࡚㏨ࡆࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ┦ᡭ࡟ᑐࡍࡿฮ஦ࡢⓎゝ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ඲యࡢព࿡ࡣ ࠕ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢡ࢖࣮ࣥࢬ୰ࢆ㏨ࡆᅇࡗࡓࠖ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎNational Association

for Stock Car Auto Racing㸦඲⡿⮬ື㌴➇த༠఍㸧ࡀ㢌Ꮠㄒ (acronym) ࡢNASCAR࡟࡞ࡾࠊḟ࠸࡛ྡモ

࠿ࡽືモ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࢆཷࡅࠊࡑࡋ࡚ືモ⏝ἲ࡜࡞ࡗࡓNASCAR ࡀ㐣ཤ᫬ไࢆ⾲ࡍᒅᢡ᥋㎡-ed ࢆᚓ࡚ࠊ Wayᵓᩥෆ࡟⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡑࡋ࡚ (19c) ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎⱥㄒ࡟᪥ᮏㄒ࠿ࡽࡢ೉⏝ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ ninja ࡀྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀࠊྡモ࠿ࡽືモ࡬

ࡢ㌿᥮ࢆཷࡅࠊninjaࡀᣢࡘ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡢᙳ㡪࡛ࠕ㟼࠿࡟⛣ືࡍࡿࠊᚸࡧ㊊࡛Ṍࡃࠖࡢືモ⏝ἲࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚Wayᵓᩥ࡟Ⓩሙࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ౛ࡣࠊከ✀ከᵝ࡞ືモࢆཷࡅධࢀࡿWayᵓᩥࡢᰂ㌾ᛶ࡜ࠊࡑࡢ⏕⏘ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉࢆዴᐇ࡟

≀ㄒࡿዲ౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᩍဨࡀࡇࢀࡽࡢᐇ౛ࢆⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࠺ࡲࡃά⏝࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊWayᵓᩥ

ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ㌿᥮ࡸ㢌Ꮠㄒ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᙧែㄽⓗ࡞ヰ㢟ࡸࠊ೉⏝ㄒࡸእᅜㄒࡢὶධ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ♫఍ゝㄒᏛⓗ࡞

ࢸ࣮࣐࡬࡜ヰࢆᗈࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ㠀ᖖ࡟≉␗࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟⯆࿡῝

ࡉࢆ࿡ࢃ࠼ࡿᐇ౛ࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࡢࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾᫎ⏬ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞㨩ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸬ᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᫎ⏬ࡢὀពⅬ

ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࠊWayᵓᩥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿከゅⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࢆ⾜࠺࡟ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㨩ຊⓗ࡞ᩍᮦ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㆟

ㄽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊWayᵓᩥࡢᏛࡧࡢୖ࡛Ẽࢆ௜ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁⅬࢆ஧ࡘᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

୍ࡘ┠ࡣࠊWayᵓᩥ࡟⏕㉳ࡍࡿືモ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡼࡃ඾ᆺ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡀࡿືモ࡟ࡣࠊ belchࡸmoanࡸshout࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ౛࠼ࡤᒾ⏣ (2012) ࡟ࡼࡿBritish National Corpus (BNC) ࡛ࡢㄪ

࡭࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢືモࡢ౑⏝౛ࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࡽࡋ࠸ࠋᒾ⏣ (2012: 88-89) ࡀ♧ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣḟ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦ᣓᘼෆࡢᩘᏐࡣぢࡘ࠿ࡗࡓ⏝౛ࡢᩘ㸧

(20) a. ࡼࡃ౑ࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ

make (1671); find (956); work (422); force (202); push (183); pick (173); fight (146); feel (108);

pay (93); wind (88); weave (60); thread (57); claw (47); talk (45); edge (43); grope (41); wend (39);

elbow, inch (35); eat, shoulder (31) b. ఏ⤫ⓗ࡟౛ᩥ࡟౑ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ

belch (1); moan (1); shout (0); whistle (1); yell (0)

(20) ࡛ࡣࠊWay ᵓᩥࡢ⏤᮶࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿ makeࡀ⊂ࡾ຾ࡕࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛ࠊ(20b) ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞

ືモࡣ౑⏝㢖ᗘࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊWayᵓᩥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᏛࡧࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊඛ⾜

◊✲⤂௓࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎࠊࡇࡢᵓᩥࡢᐇ᝟࡞࡝࡟ࡶゐࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

஧ࡘ┠ࡣࠊⱥㄒࡢᐇ౛᥇ྲྀ࡜ࡋ࡚ᫎ⏬ࡢࢭࣜࣇࢆ౑࠺ࣜࢫࢡ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(21) Our most skilled guests will fight their ways to the outer limits of the park, besting fearsome braves, seducing nubile maidens, befriending tragically ill-fated sidekicks, and, of course, like all our best narratives over the years, our guests will have the privilege of getting to know the character they’re most interested in. <00:54:06> (Westworld, S1, E2, 2016)

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣWayᵓᩥ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ⟠ᡤ࡛ࠊwayࡀ」ᩘᙧ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2.1⠇ࡢᩥἲⓗ≉ᚩ࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓࡼ

࠺࡟ࠊWayᵓᩥ࡛ࡣࡓ࡜࠼୺ㄒࡀ」ᩘྡモ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶway࡟ࡣ༢ᩘᙧࡢᙧែࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ (21) ࡛ ࡣࡑࡢつ๎ࢆ㐪཯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⌮⏤ࡢヲ⣽ࡣᐃ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⪃࠼࠺ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ࡣࠊ₇⪅ࡢ ༢࡞ࡿゝ࠸㛫㐪࠸ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࢩ࣮࡛ࣥࡣࠊWayᵓᩥ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ⾲⌧ࡀฟࡿࡇࡢࢭࣜࣇࡣࠊ(21)

࡛ศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟୍ᩥࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㛗࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ௬࡟ᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࡟ࡣ༢ᩘᙧ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ

₇⪅ࡀゝ࠸㛫㐪࠸ࠊࡋ࠿ࡋᩥ඲యࡢព࿡࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡣ࡛࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊࡇࡢࢩ࣮ࣥࡢ᧜ࡾ┤ࡋࢆࡋ࡞࠿

ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊⱥㄒᩍᮦࢆ┠ⓗ࡟〇సࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᫎ⏬࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢ㨩ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊከ✀ከᵝ࡞⯆࿡

῝࠸ᐇ౛ࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡿⅬࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ㏫࡟ (21) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞౛ࡣࠊᩍᮦ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࡺ࠼ࡢㄗࡾࡢᨺ

⨨ࡢ౛࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞౛ࡣㄗ⏝ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚᤼㝖ࡍࡿ┠ࡶࠊᫎ⏬ࢆᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚౑࠺ᩍဨ࡟ࡣ ᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟

ᮏ✏࡛ࡣWayᵓᩥࡢ⏕⏘ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟╔┠ࡋࠊᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ

ᫎ⏬ࢆ౑࠼ࡤWayᵓᩥࡀᣢࡘ」ᩘࡢゎ㔘࡛࠶ࡿࠊ≀⌮ⓗ⛣ື࡜ẚ႘ⓗ⛣ືࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᡭẁㄞࡳ࡜ᵝែㄞ

ࡳࡢ㐪࠸ࢆࠊᏛ⩦⪅࡟ࡼࡾ᫂☜࡟♧ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᩍ⛉᭩࡛ࡣぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ከᙬ

࡞ᐇ౛ࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡿࡢࡣࠊᮏ᮶ࡣᩍᮦ┠ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᫎ⏬࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢ㨩ຊ࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊ༝ㄒࡸㄗ⏝ἲࡢ ⱥㄒࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿⅬ࡟ὀពࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡶేࡏ࡚ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

Goldberg, A.E. (1995). Constructions: A construction grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press.

Israel, M. (1996). The way constructions grow. In Goldberg, A. (ed.) Conceptual structure, discourse and language, 217-230. Stanford: CSLI.

Jackendoff, R. (1990). Semantic Structures. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Levin, B. & M. Rappaport Havav. (1995). Unaccusativity: At the syntax lexical semantics interface. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Maranz, A. P. (1992). The way constructions and the semantics of direct arguments in English. In Stowel, T. &

Wehrli, E. (eds.) Syntax and semantics 26: Syntax and the lexicon, 179-188. New York: Academic Press.

Salkoff, M. (1988). Analysis by Function, Lingvisticae Investigationes 12, 49-84.

ᒾ⏣ᙬᚿ. (2012).ࠕWay ᵓᩥࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⛣ືࢆ⾲ࡍࡢ࠿㸽ࠖ␊ᒣ㞝஧㸦⦅ⴭ㸧ࠗ᪥ⱥㄒࡢᵓᩥ◊✲

࠿ࡽ᥈ࡿ⌮ㄽゝㄒᏛࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࠘. pp. 85-97. ᮾி: 㛤ᣅ♫.

ᙳᒣኴ㑻࣭⏤ᮏ㝧Ꮚ. (1997). ࠗㄒᙧᡂ࡜ᴫᛕᵓ㐀࠘. ᮾி: ◊✲♫.

ᅜᗈဴᘺ. (1970).ࠗព࿡ࡢㅖ┦࠘. ୕┬ᇽ: ᮾி.

಴⏣ㄔ. (1995). ࠕWayᵓᩥࡢṇయࢆồࡵ࡚ (1) 㸫⤫ㄒᵓ㐀࡜ព࿡ᵓ㐀ࡢ෌⪃㸫ࠖ. ி㒔እᅜㄒ኱Ꮫⱥ

⡿ㄒᏛ⛉◊✲఍ࠗSELL࠘. ➨11ྕ. pp.32-41.

㧗ぢ೺୍࣭ஂ㔝ᬿ. (2002).ࠗ᪥ⱥㄒࡢ⮬ືモᵓᩥ࠘. ᮾி: ◊✲♫.

⏣୰ⱱ⠊࣭ᯇᮏ᭙. (1997).ࠗ✵㛫࡜⛣ືࡢ⾲⌧࠘. ᮾி: ◊✲♫.

᪂⏣ᬕᙪ. (1994).ࠗࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣥࣉࣞ࢖Ꮫ⩦ἲ㸫ࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡢ࠿ࡽࡃࡾࠊࢭࣜࣇࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕ࠘. ឡ▱㸸ࢫࢡ

࣮ࣜࣥࣉࣞ࢖.

ᫎ⏬

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