鹿児島市の大気汚染調査(第19報)平成17年度調査報告

鹿児島市の大気汚染調査(第19報)平成17年度調査報

告

著者

岡田 章吾, 緒方 秀樹, 大山 謙二, 中島 常憲, ?

梨 啓和, 大木 章

雑誌名

鹿児島大学工学部研究報告

巻

48

ページ

69-74

別言語のタイトル

Air Pollution in Kagoshima City (Part19)

Investigation from April 2005 to March 2006

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/10232/8258

鹿児島市の大気汚染調査(第19報)平成17年度調査報

告

著者

岡田 章吾, 緒方 秀樹, 大山 謙二, 中島 常憲, ?

梨 啓和, 大木 章

雑誌名

鹿児島大学工学部研究報告

巻

48

ページ

69-74

別言語のタイトル

Air Pollution in Kagoshima City (Part19)

Investigation from April 2005 to March 2006

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/10232/00004284

㣮ఽፉᄢቇᎿቇㇱ⎇ⓥႎ๔ ╙  ภ㧔㧕

㣮ఽፉᏒߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⺞ᩏ㧔╙  ႎ㧕

ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ⺞ᩏႎ๔

ጟ↰ ┨๋

*

 ✜ᣇ ⑲᮸

*

 ᄢጊ ⻞ੑ

**

 ਛፉ Ᏹᙗ

**

 㜞᪸ ໪๺

**

 ᄢᧁ ┨

**

Air Pollution in Kagoshima City (Part19)

Investigation from April 2005 to March 2006

Shogo OKADA, Hideki OGATA, Kenji OHYAMA, Tsunenori NAKAJIMA,

Hirokazu TAKANASHI and Akira OHKI

Air pollution in Kagoshima City from April 2005 to March 2006 was investigated with particular

emphasis on the falling dust (volcanic ash fall) from Mt. Sakurajima. The falling dust was collected

monthly with rainwater at eight locations in Kagoshima City. After the sample had been filtered, the

residue was dried and weighed, and the filtrate was analyzed for SO

42-

, Cl

-

, and water-soluble matter, as

well as for pH. The average monthly falling dust at eight locations in Kagoshima City was 4.9

g·m

-2

_·month

-1

_{, which was somewhat lower than that observed in the last fiscal year. The tendency of low}

falling dust has continued since 2001. The concentration of NO

2

in the air was measured by use of the

"filter-badge method", and it was found that the NO

2

air pollution was not so serious in the city.

Keywords: air pollution, Kagoshima City, falling dust, NO

2

✜ ⸒



⪺⠪ࠄߪޔᤘ๺ 53 ᐕᐲࠃࠅޔ㣮ఽፉᏒ߅ࠃ߮᪉ፉ

࿾඙ߩ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂࡮㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎᚑಽ߅ࠃ߮ᄢ

᳇ਛߩੑ㉄ൻࠗࠝ࠙Ớᐲߥߤࠍޔ᪉ፉߩἫጊ࡮ྃᾍ

ᵴേߦࠃࠆᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⺞ᩏߒߡ߈ߚޕ

ᤘ๺ 62 ᐕᐲࠃࠅ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߩ᷹ⷰ࿾ὐࠍ㣮ఽ

ፉᏒౝߩߺߦߒ߷ࠅޔਥߣߒߡᎿ႐߿⥄േゞߩឃࠟ

ࠬߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆੑ㉄ൻ⓸⚛ᳪᨴߩ⺞ᩏ߽

ട߃ߡޔ㣮ఽፉᏒౝ㧔᪉ፉ࿾඙ࠍ㒰ߊ㧕ߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ

ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߥߞߡ޿ࠆ

1)

ޕᧄ⺰ᢥߢߪޔ

ᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐࠍႎ๔ߔࠆޕ





ታ㛎ᣇᴺ



 ࿑㧝ߦ␜ߔ㣮ఽፉᏒౝ 8 ࡩᚲߩ᷹ቯ࿾ὐࠍ⸳ቯߒޔ

⧷࿖ⷙᩰߩ࠺ࡐࠫ࠶࠻ࠥ࡯ࠫ

2)

ߦḰߕࠆ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓ

ࠎ᝝㓸ེ㧔ࡠ࡯࠻ߩ⋥ᓘ⚂ 30cmޔኈེߩኈ㊂ 20Ͱޔ

ࠟ࡜ࠬ⵾㧕ࠍ⸳⟎ߒߡޔᲤ᦬ᧃߦ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ࡮㔎

᳓ᷙว⹜ᢱࠍណขߒߚޕ ណข⹜ᢱࠍࠈㆊߒޔࠈᶧߦ

ߟ޿ߡ㒠᳓㊂㧔Ͱ ߅ࠃ߮ mm㧕

࡮pH࡮SO

42-

Ớᐲ࡮Cl

-Ớᐲࠍ᷹ቯߒޔࠈᶧߩ⫳⊒ᱷߐಽ߆ࠄ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ

ߩนṁᕈᚑಽࠍ᳞߼ߚ

3)

ޕߎࠇߦ࠺ࡐࠫ࠶࠻ࠥ࡯ࠫ

߳ߩ✚᝝㓸㊂㧔Ḩᕈ߅ࠃ߮ੇᕈߩ✚㒠ਅ㊂㧕ࠍਸ਼ߓ

ߡฦᚑಽߩ㒠ਅ㊂ࠍ▚಴ߒߚޕࠈㆊᱷߐࠍਇṁᕈᚑ

ಽߣߒޔนṁᕈᚑಽߣߩว⸘ࠍ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߣߒ

ߚ

3㧕

ޕ

৻ᣇޔ਄⸥ 8 ࡩᚲߩ᷹ቯ࿾ὐߦ߅޿ߡޔࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝

ࠈ⚕ᴺ㧔ࡈࠖ࡞࠲࡯ࡃ࠶ࠫᴺ㧕

4)

ߦࠃࠆ NO

2

Ớᐲߩ

2006

ᐕ

8 ᦬ 17 ᣣฃℂ

*

_

ඳ჻೨ᦼ⺖⒟↢૕Ꮏቇኾ᡹

**

↢૕Ꮏቇ⑼

― 69 ―

᷹ቯࠍ 2 ࡩ᦬Ფߦⴕߥߞߚޕ᧲ᵗࠈ⚕㧔ᩣ㧕⵾ࡈࠖ

࡞࠲࡯ࡃ࠶ࠫ NO

2

ࠍฦ᷹ቯ࿾ὐߦ 3 ୘ߕߟޔ࿾਄ࠃ

ࠅ 1.5 㨪 2.0 m ߩ૏⟎ߦ⸳⟎ߒߚޕ24h ᥸㔺ᓟޔNO

2

ࠍๆ෼ߒߚࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ࠈ⚕ࠍࡃ࠶ࠫࠤ࡯ࠬࠃࠅขࠅ಴

ߒߡޔᢥ₂⸥タ

4)

ߩᣇᴺߢ NO

2

ߩ 1 ᣣᐔဋỚᐲࠍ▚

಴ߒޔ3 ୘ߩᐔဋࠍ᷹ቯ୯ߣߒߚޕ㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲ㧔᷹

ቯ࿾ὐ No.3㧕ߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⓸⚛㉄ൻ‛⥄േ᷹ቯ

⸥㍳⸘㧔੩ㇺ㔚ሶᎿᬺ(ᩣ)NX-48㧕

ޔ⼱ጊᡰᚲ㧔᷹ቯ

࿾ὐ No.㧣㧕ߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⸥㍳⸘㧔㔚᳇ൻቇ⸘

ེ㧔ᩣ㧕GRH-74H㧕ߩ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐߣࡈࠖ࡞࠲࡯ࡃ࠶ࠫ

ᴺߦࠃࠆ⚿ᨐߣࠍᲧセߒߚޕ



⚿ᨐߣ⠨ኤ



 ᷹ቯ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫ 1-8 ߦޔ8 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐߩᐔဋ୯ࠍ⴫ 9

ߦ␜ߔޕ1 ᐕ㑆ߩ᷹ቯਛߦߪ߿߻ࠍ߃ߧ੐ᖱߢᰳ᷹

୯ߣߥߞߚ႐ว߽޽ߞߚ߇ޔߘߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ㒰޿ߡᐔ

ဋ୯ࠍ᳞߼ߚޕ



㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

 ࿑ 2 ߦޔᐔᚑ 17 ᐕᐲߩ㣮ఽፉᏒౝ 8 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐᐔ

ဋߩ᦬೎㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ࠍ␜ߔޕ߹ߚޔ࿑ 3-6 ߦ᷹

ቯ࿾ὐ೎ߩ᦬೎㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ࠍ␜ߒޔ࿑ 7 ߦฦޘ

ߩ࿾ὐߩᐕᐔဋ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ࠍ߹ߣ߼ߚޕ

࿑ 8 ߦޔ

㣮ఽፉᏒౝᐔဋߣ᪉ፉోፉᐔဋߩᐕᐲ೎㒠ਅ߫޿

ߓࠎ㊂ࠍ␜ߔޕᄢㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߪ৻

⥸ߦ 5 g࡮m

-2

࡮month

-1

೨ᓟߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ㣮ఽፉᏒߦ

߅ߌࠆ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߪ 5 g࡮m

-2

࡮month

-1

ࠍ⿧߃

ࠆ႐ว߽޽ࠅޔ᪉ፉ⿠ḮߩἫጊἯߩነਈ߇޽ࠆޕ

⴫ 9 ࠃࠅޔᧄᐕᐲߩ㣮ఽፉᏒౝ 8 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐߩᐕᐔ

ဋ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߪ, 4.9 g࡮m

-2

࡮month

-1

ߢ޽ࠅޔ೨

ᐕᐲߩ 8.1 g࡮m

-2

࡮month

-1

ߣᲧセߔࠆߣᷫዋߒߚޕ

ߔߥࠊߜޔᐔᚑ 13 ᐕᐲએ㒠ߩૐ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߩ௑

ะߪ⛯޿ߡ޿ࠆޕ࿑ 8 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔ92 ᐕᐲ߹ߢߪ

100 g࡮m

-2

_࡮month

-1

_{ࠍ⿧ߔ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߢ޽ߞߚ}

߇ޔ00 ᐕᐲߩ 46 g࡮m

-2

࡮month

-1

ࠍᦨᓟߦ 01 ᐕᐲએ

㒠ߪ 10 g࡮m

-2

࡮month

-1

એਅߩ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂߇⛯

޿ߡ޿ࠆޕ

ᧄᐕᐲߪޔ9 ᦬ߦ㣮ఽፉᏒධㇱ߅ࠃ߮᧲ㇱ࿾ၞ

㧔No.1, 3, 5㨪8㧕ߦ߅޿ߡᲧセ⊛㜞޿㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

ߢ޽ࠅޔ․ߦ No.3, 7, 8 ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔ26.5-32.1 g࡮m

-2

࡮

month

-1

ߣㄭᐕߢߪ߆ߥࠅ㜞޿߫޿ߓࠎ㊂߇᷹ⷰߐ

ࠇߚޕᐔᚑ 12 ᐕᐲ㧔00 ᐕᐲ㧕એ೨ߪޔർㇱ࿾ၞߦ

߅޿ߡ᧲㘑߇็ߊᄐቄߦ㜞޿㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂߇᷹ⷰ

ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚ߇ޔᦨㄭߪޔᄐቄߦߪධㇱ࿾

ၞߩᣇ߇㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂߇ᄙߊߥࠆ௑ะߦ޽ࠆޕ࿑

7 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔᧄᐕᐲߩ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ೎㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ

㊂ߪޔ߶ߣࠎߤߩ࿾ὐߢᤓᐕᐲࠃࠅ߽ᷫዋߒߚޕ

࿑ 9 ߦޔ㣮ఽፉ࿾ᣇ᳇⽎บឭଏߩ⾗ᢱࠃࠅ߹ߣ߼

ߚ᪉ፉߩ᦬೎῜⊒࡮ྃἫ࿁ᢙ߅ࠃ߮Ἣጊᕈ࿾㔡࿁ᢙ

ࠍ␜ߔޕ

㧔῜⊒࡮ྃἫߪ㧘㣮ఽፉ࿾ᣇ᳇⽎บߩቯ⟵ߢ

એਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ῜⊒㧦㖸ޔ૕ᗵⓨᝄޔྃ⍹ޔ

῜⊒࿾㔡ߩ޿ߕࠇ߆߇޽ࠅޔᓸ᳇࿶⸘ߦᗵߓࠆ߽

ߩ㧧ྃἫ㧦㣮ఽፉ࿾ᣇ᳇⽎บಽ㘃ߩྃᾍ㊂ 3 એ਄ߩ

߽ߩޕ

㧕ᧄᐕᐲߩ῜⊒ 15 ࿁ޔྃἫ 20 ࿁ߪޔᤓᐕᐲ

ߩ῜⊒ 10 ࿁ޔྃἫ 19 ࿁ߦᲧߴߡჇടߒߚޕߘࠇࠍ

෻ᤋߒἫጊᕈ࿾㔡 㧔ᧄᐕᐲ 5841 ࿁ޔᤓᐕᐲ 2394

࿁㧕߽߆ߥࠅჇടߒߡ߅ࠅޔἫጊᵴേߪᤓᐕᐲࠃࠅ

ዋߒᵴ⊒ൻߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ



⴫㧙 ศ㊁ਛቇᩞ

5CMWTCLKOC

%TCVGT

Kagoshima City

2

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

4 km

N

࿑㧙ࠨࡦࡊ࡝ࡦࠣ࿾ὐ

1.

ศ㊁ਛቇᩞ

2.

⧎㊁ዊቇᩞ

3.

㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲ

4.

⷏㒺ਛቇᩞ

5.

㣮ఽፉᄢቇᎿቇㇱ

6.

ਛጊዊቇᩞ

7.

⼱ጊᡰᚲ

8.

⑔ᐔዊቇᩞ

㣮ఽፉᏒ

᪉ፉྃἫญ

ਇṁᕈ ᚑಽ นṁᕈ ᚑಽ 㒠ਅ䈳 䈇䈛䉖㊂ NO2 䌬 mm a) a) a) a) 䌢䋩 a) 䌢䋩 ppb 4 2.0 29 5.1 0.8 0.2 1.0 0.1 3.5 0.1 4.0 -5 14.3 208 4.5 0.4 3.1 3.5 0.1 0.7 3.2 18.7 8.0 6 11.1 161 5.5 1.1 0.8 1.9 0.1 0.7 1.5 9.2 -7 - - 4.7 0.8 3.1 3.9 0.2 0.7 2.9 10.4 1.8 8 9.2 134 5.6 1.3 0.7 2.0 0.1 0.6 1.3 8.8 -9 17.6 256 5.7 11.2 7.4 18.6 4.2 16.0 3.5 13.1 4.5 10 3.0 44 5.3 1.5 1.0 2.5 0.1 2.2 0.7 16.7 -11 -11.7 170 4.9 0.5 4.1 4.6 0.6 4.0 2.9 20.0 5.6 12 3.5 51 4.5 2.0 1.6 3.6 1.0 19.3 0.8 15.5 -1 6.9 100 4.5 2.6 1.3 3.9 0.1 1.2 1.9 16.4 5.4 2 12.5 182 4.7 1.7 3.6 5.3 0.3 2.1 2.5 14.9 -3 11.7 170 4.9 2.1 0.9 3.0 0.5 3.1 2.3 15.0 6.8 Av. 9.4 137 5.0 2.2 2.3 4.5 0.6 4.5 2.0 13.6 5.4 SO4 2-⴫1ߩNO2Ớᐲߩ᷹ቯᣣߪޔ਄ࠃࠅᐔᚑ17ᐕ6᦬2ᣣޔ8᦬4ᣣޔ9᦬29ᣣޔ12 ᦬6ᣣޔᐔᚑ18ᐕ2᦬1ᣣޔ4᦬3ᣣߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ7᦬ಽߩ㒠᳓㊂ߪޔ㔎㊂߇ ࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯ߒߚߚ߼ᰳ᷹୯ߣߒߚޕนṁᕈᚑಽޔႮ⚛ࠗࠝࡦޔ⎫㉄ࠗࠝࡦߩ ୯ߪޔ㣮ఽፉ࿾ᣇ᳇⽎บ᷹ቯߩ㒠᳓㊂315mmࠍ߽ߣߦ▚಴ߒߚޕએਅߩ⴫ (⴫2㨪9)߽หߓߢ޽ࠆޕa) g.m-2_month-1 _{, b) mg/l} ᦬ 㒠᳓㊂ pH Cl

-















⴫㧙 ⧎㊁ዊቇᩞ

⴫㧙 㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲ

⴫㧙 ⷏㒺ਛቇᩞ

⴫㧙 ਛጊዊቇᩞ

⴫㧙 ⼱ጊᡰᚲ

⴫㧙 ⑔ᐔዊቇᩞ

⴫㧙 㣮ఽፉᄢቇᎿቇㇱ

⴫㧙 ో࿾ὐᐔဋ

ਇṁᕈ ᚑಽ นṁᕈ ᚑಽ 㒠ਅ䈳 䈇䈛䉖㊂ NO2 䌬 mm a) a) a) a) 䌢䋩 a) 䌢䋩 ppb 4 1.2 17 5.9 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.1 5.8 0.3 14.1 -5 14.0 201 5.4 1.3 3.2 4.5 0.1 0.6 2.9 17.4 12.3 6 11.3 162 6.5 2.6 0.7 3.3 0.1 0.8 2.0 12.2 -7 - - 5.1 0.8 4.2 5.0 0.3 0.9 2.3 8.1 3.3 8 12.0 172 4.9 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.3 6.8 -9 23.4 336 6.0 0.7 2.1 2.8 1.8 5.2 1.4 4.1 7.8 10 3.4 49.0 5.3 1.1 0.8 1.9 0.1 1.7 0.4 9.7 -11 12.3 176 4.9 0.5 2.7 3.2 0.6 4.1 3.4 22.6 7.6 12 3.6 52 4.5 0.3 2.5 2.8 1.1 21.8 1.0 20.9 -1 7.7 110 4.6 0.5 1.3 1.8 0.1 1.0 0.2 1.2 6.6 2 12.8 184 4.8 0.8 1.0 1.8 0.3 2.1 1.1 6.6 -3 12.3 176 4.9 0.0 2.6 2.6 0.6 3.5 4.2 26.3 10.6 Av. 10.4 149 5.2 0.8 1.8 2.7 0.4 4.0 1.7 12.5 8.0 ᦬ 㒠᳓㊂ pH Cl- SO4 2-ਇṁᕈ ᚑಽ นṁᕈ ᚑಽ 㒠ਅ䈳 䈇䈛䉖㊂ NO2 䌬 mm a) a) a) a) 䌢䋩 a) 䌢䋩 ppb 4 2.6 38 5.6 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 2.4 0.2 2.4 -5 19.1 276 4.6 0.2 1.6 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 3.2 28.3 6 14.0 202 5.4 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.2 1.1 4.2 19.9 -7 - - 5.1 0.2 1.4 1.6 0.2 0.9 3.7 13.4 9.3 8 9.1 131 5.6 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.9 1.3 9.2 -9 23.2 335 6.2 2.9 23.6 26.5 10.9 31.4 9.6 27.8 15.3 10 6.3 91.0 5.6 2.1 1.5 3.6 0.2 1.9 0.4 5.0 -11 12.0 173 5.8 0.8 3.0 3.8 0.7 5.0 3.5 23.6 17.0 12 3.1 45 5.8 1.2 3.2 4.4 1.2 27.0 1.4 31.4 -1 7.3 105 5.6 1.0 0.7 1.7 0.3 2.2 2.6 21.1 16.0 2 12.9 186 6.4 0.9 3.7 4.6 0.5 2.7 2.0 11.6 -3 12.0 173 5.8 0.4 0.9 1.3 0.6 3.5 3.7 23.7 23.6 Av. 11.1 160 5.6 0.9 3.4 4.3 1.3 6.6 2.8 16.0 18.3 ᦬ 㒠᳓㊂ pH Cl - _SO 4 2-ਇṁᕈ ᚑಽ นṁᕈ ᚑಽ 㒠ਅ䈳 䈇䈛䉖㊂ NO2 䌬 mm a) a) a) a) 䌢䋩 a) 䌢䋩 ppb 4 1.1 16 7.5 1.9 3.5 5.4 0.5 26.7 0.9 54.5 -5 10.1 145 7.1 1.7 7.2 8.9 0.3 2.3 1.2 10.3 16.0 6 9.7 139 6.4 1.8 2.4 4.2 0.1 0.9 0.6 3.9 -7 - - 5.9 1.2 3.6 4.8 0.4 1.5 4.5 16.4 4.4 8 10.1 145 6.4 0.5 2.7 3.2 0.1 0.9 0.4 2.3 -9 6.1 87 6.1 1.1 5.3 6.4 2.4 26.7 2.7 29.5 8.8 10 6.4 92.0 6.2 1.1 2.4 3.5 0.2 2.5 0.9 12.4 -11 6.7 96 6.1 0.1 3.9 4.0 0.4 4.6 3.0 36.4 12.4 12 5.3 76 5.7 7.4 4.6 12.0 1.8 24.5 1.9 25.2 -1 4.5 65 6.5 7.4 2.8 10.2 0.4 5.8 1.6 22.1 7.4 2 10.3 193 5.2 0.8 2.3 3.1 0.4 2.3 3.5 19.9 -3 6.7 96 6.1 1.0 3.7 4.7 0.7 7.9 3.1 35.7 13.9 Av. 7.0 105 6.3 2.2 3.7 5.9 0.6 8.9 2.0 22.4 10.5 ᦬ 㒠᳓㊂ pH Cl- SO4 2-ਇṁᕈ ᚑಽ นṁᕈ ᚑಽ 㒠ਅ䈳 䈇䈛䉖㊂ NO2 䌬 mm a) a) a) a) 䌢䋩 a) 䌢䋩 ppb 4 0.9 13 4.9 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.1 8.4 0.6 43.7 -5 16.7 242 4.4 0.3 1.4 1.7 0.1 0.7 1.1 5.6 19.8 6 10.9 158 5.6 1.1 1.1 2.2 0.2 1.0 3.3 19.0 -7 - - 5.1 0.5 1.7 2.2 0.2 0.7 3.5 12.6 6.5 8 9.4 136 5.4 16.3 0.5 16.8 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.9 -9 16.2 235 5.9 1.5 16.0 17.5 7.8 31.9 7.7 31.5 10.5 10 5.8 84.0 5.4 2.4 1.5 3.9 0.1 1.7 0.7 9.0 -11 9.4 136 5.4 1.0 8.4 9.4 0.5 4.4 3.6 30.6 18.9 12 4.4 64 5.2 0.5 4.3 4.8 1.2 19.5 1.2 19.4 -1 7.3 106 4.5 0.5 1.6 2.1 0.3 2.3 0.9 7.2 12.9 2 13.3 193 5.2 0.8 2.3 3.1 0.4 2.3 3.5 19.9 -3 9.4 136 5.4 0.4 1.6 2.0 0.4 3.1 3.6 28.9 16.5 Av. 9.4 137 5.2 2.2 3.4 5.6 1.0 6.4 2.5 19.0 14.2 ᦬ 㒠᳓㊂ pH Cl - _SO 4 2-ਇṁᕈ ᚑಽ นṁᕈ ᚑಽ 㒠ਅ䈳 䈇䈛䉖㊂ NO2 䌬 mm a) a) a) a) 䌢䋩 a) 䌢䋩 ppb 4 0.7 10 5.5 0.3 0.9 1.2 0.1 12.4 0.4 37.7 -5 14.8 212 5.1 0.9 2.8 3.7 0.1 0.8 3.4 19.1 11.6 6 10.4 148 6.2 1.2 2.6 3.3 0.3 2.0 1.1 6.9 -7 - - 6.1 1.3 2.8 4.1 0.3 1.0 5.1 18.2 3.6 8 11.3 161 5.9 0.8 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.8 0.2 1.2 -9 13.2 188 5.9 0.5 15.8 16.3 6.8 35.1 5.7 29.2 13.4 10 4.7 67.0 6.5 1.6 1.6 3.2 0.1 2.1 0.9 15.5 -11 9.3 132 5.9 0.4 4.1 4.5 0.8 7.0 3.5 31.2 14.3 12 5.2 74 5.8 0.6 3.9 4.5 1.9 26.3 2.2 30.6 -1 7.2 103 5.7 5.9 0.9 6.8 0.3 2.3 0.7 5.6 9.3 2 10.8 154 5.8 1.3 1.7 3.0 0.5 3.4 0.5 3.8 -3 9.3 132 5.9 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.5 4.1 3.0 25.3 13.8 Av. 8.8 126 5.9 1.3 3.1 4.4 1.0 8.1 2.2 18.7 11.0 ᦬ 㒠᳓㊂ pH Cl - _SO 4 2-ਇṁᕈ ᚑಽ นṁᕈ ᚑಽ 㒠ਅ䈳 䈇䈛䉖㊂ NO2 䌬 mm a) a) a) a) 䌢䋩 a) 䌢䋩 ppb 4 1.4 21 6.0 0.8 1.0 1.7 0.2 9.3 0.5 24.9 -5 15.9 229 5.1 0.7 2.9 3.7 0.2 0.8 2.6 13.8 15.0 6 12.4 178 6.0 1.2 1.5 2.7 0.2 1.0 2.8 14.1 -7 - - 5.6 0.8 3.9 4.7 0.3 1.0 3.4 12.3 5.0 8 11.3 163 5.7 2.7 0.7 3.5 0.1 0.8 1.3 6.7 -9 15.4 222 6.0 2.6 15.9 18.5 6.8 32.9 6.1 29.9 10.2 10 5.0 73 5.8 1.7 1.5 3.2 0.1 2.1 0.7 11.5 -11 10.5 151 5.5 0.5 5.8 6.3 0.6 5.0 3.8 30.0 12.0 12 4.4 64 5.2 1.6 3.5 5.0 1.4 22.4 1.4 22.5 -1 7.1 103 5.1 2.3 1.3 3.7 0.2 2.3 1.2 11.1 8.4 2 12.5 185 5.3 1.0 2.5 3.4 0.4 2.6 1.8 10.6 -3 10.3 148 5.5 0.7 1.5 2.2 2.6 20.2 2.8 21.6 13.0 Av. 9.7 140 5.6 1.4 3.5 4.9 1.1 8.4 2.4 17.4 10.6 ᦬ 㒠᳓㊂ pH Cl- SO4 2-ਇṁᕈ ᚑಽ นṁᕈ ᚑಽ 㒠ਅ䈳 䈇䈛䉖㊂ NO2 䌬 mm a) a) a) a) 䌢䋩 a) 䌢䋩 ppb 4 1.3 19 6.9 1.5 0.8 2.3 0.1 7.1 0.1 4.0 -5 19.9 287 5.0 0.9 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.3 4.2 17.7 6.3 6 16.2 234 5.9 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.4 4.5 18.4 -7 - - 6.4 1.1 6.7 7.8 0.3 1.2 1.6 5.9 3.0 8 15.9 230 5.9 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8 4.8 18.9 -9 11.7 169 6.0 0.9 26.9 27.8 10.3 59.2 9.3 53.5 6.3 10 4.1 59.0 6.0 1.1 1.0 2.1 0.1 2.7 0.6 10.9 -11 12.8 185 5.3 0.3 16.3 16.6 0.9 5.7 5.7 35.7 5.9 12 5.8 84 5.1 0.3 4.1 4.4 1.9 23.2 2.0 24.4 -1 7.9 114 4.6 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.2 1.7 1.7 13.1 4.2 2 13.6 196 5.2 0.6 2.0 2.6 0.7 3.9 0.8 4.3 -3 11.0 159 5.1 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.6 3.6 0.1 0.6 4.8 Av. 10.9 158 5.6 0.7 5.0 5.7 1.3 9.2 3.0 17.3 5.1 ᦬ 㒠᳓㊂ pH Cl- SO4 2-ਇṁᕈ ᚑಽ นṁᕈ ᚑಽ 㒠ਅ䈳 䈇䈛䉖㊂ NO2 䌬 mm a) a) a) a) 䌢䋩 a) 䌢䋩 ppb 4 1.7 24 6.9 0.1 1.0 1.1 0.2 8.0 1.0 39.0 -5 18.4 264 4.8 0.0 3.7 3.7 0.1 0.6 4.0 18.4 17.4 6 15.3 219 6.5 0.7 3.9 4.6 0.3 1.3 5.3 23.4 -7 - - 6.0 0.7 7.5 8.2 0.3 0.9 3.6 13.0 8.4 8 13.3 191 5.9 1.9 0.6 2.5 0.1 0.7 1.2 5.7 -9 11.6 166 6.2 2.3 29.8 32.1 9.9 57.7 8.7 50.3 14.9 10 6.6 95.0 6.4 2.7 2.3 5.0 0.2 1.8 1.1 12.7 -11 9.7 139 5.5 0.6 3.9 4.5 0.6 5.3 4.8 40.2 14.1 12 4.6 66 5.1 0.2 3.4 3.6 1.1 17.2 0.8 12.8 -1 8.2 118 4.9 0.1 1.9 2.0 0.2 1.5 0.3 2.3 5.3 2 13.6 195 5.4 0.8 3.0 3.8 0.4 2.1 0.7 3.8 -3 9.7 139 5.5 0.6 1.4 2.0 16.8 132.5 2.2 17.2 13.9 Av. 10.2 147 5.8 0.9 5.2 6.1 2.5 19.1 2.8 19.9 12.3 ᦬ 㒠᳓㊂ pH Cl- SO4

2-― 71 2-―











 ࿑ 10 ߦޔ㣮ఽፉ⋵ᶖ㒐㒐ἴ⺖ឭଏߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠃࠅ߹

ߣ߼ߚ᪉ፉోፉ㧔㜞఺ޔ࿦ጊޔ㤥␹ޔ᦭᧛ޔḡਯޔ

ᜬᧁޔ᪉ፉญޔዊᳰޔḡߩᐔޔᱞޔ⷏㆏ޔੑୀޔੑ

ୀ਄ޔ⿒᳓ߩ 14 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ㧕ߩ᦬೎ᐔဋ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ

㊂ࠍ␜ߔޕߎࠇࠄߩ᷹ⷰ࿾ὐߪ᪉ፉߩ߶߷ోߡߩᣇ

ะߦᐔဋߒߡ㈩⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ᪉ፉోፉߩᐕᐔဋ㒠

ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߪ 4.1 g࡮m

-2

࡮month

-1

ߢ޽ࠅޔᤓᐕᐲ

ߩ୯ 11.1 g࡮m

-2

࡮month

-1

ࠃࠅ߆ߥࠅᷫዋߒߚޕ

࿑㧙 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ೎㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

࿑㧙 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ೎㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

࿑㧙 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ೎㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04

ᐕᐲ

㒠 ਅ߫޿ߓ ࠎ ㊂ (g ࡮ m -2࡮ mo nt h -1) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 㒠ਅ߫ ޿ߓࠎ㊂ (g ࡮ m -2࡮ m ont h -1)

㣮ఽፉᏒౝ

᪉ፉ

0

10

20

30

40

50

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 Av.

᦬

㒠

ਅ߫޿

ߓࠎ㊂

(g

࡮

m

-2

࡮

mo

nt

h

-1

)

No.7 ⼱ጊᡰᚲ

No.8 ⑔ᐔዊቇᩞ

0

10

20

30

40

50

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 Av.

᦬

㒠ਅ߫޿

ߓࠎ

㊂

(g

࡮

m

-2

࡮

m

onth

-1

)

No.5 㣮ఽፉᄢቇᎿቇㇱ

No.6 ਛጊዊቇᩞ

0

10

20

30

40

50

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 Av.

᦬

㒠ਅ߫޿

ߓࠎ

㊂

(g

䊶

m

-2

䊶

m

onth

-1

)

No.3 㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲ

No.4 ⷏㒺ਛቇᩞ

0

10

20

30

40

50

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 Av.

᦬

㒠ਅ߫޿

ߓࠎ

㊂

(g

䊶

m

-2

䊶

m

onth

-1

)

No.1 ศ㊁ਛቇᩞ

No.2 ⧎㊁ዊቇᩞ

0

5

10

15

No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7 No.8 Av.

᷹ቯ࿾ὐ䇭No.

㒠

ਅ߫޿

ߓࠎ㊂

(g

࡮

m

-2

࡮

m

ont

h

-1

)

ᐔᚑ17ᐕᐲ

ᐔᚑ16ᐕᐲ

࿑㧙 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ೎㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

࿑䋭㪉㩷 㣮ఽፉᏒౝ 㪏 ࿾ὐᐔဋ㒠ਅ䈳䈇䈛䉖㊂

࿑㧙 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ೎ᐕᐔဋ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

࿑㧙 㣮ఽፉᏒౝ߅ࠃ߮᪉ፉోፉᐔဋ

ᐕᐲ೎㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

0

10

20

30

40

50

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 Av.

᦬

㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

(g

䊶

m

-2

䊶

month

-1

)

ᐔᚑ17ᐕᐲ

ᐔᚑ16ᐕᐲ

0

5

10

15

20

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 Av.

᦬

㒠ਅ

㊂

(g

࡮

m

-2

࡮

mo

nt

h

-1

)

นṁᕈᚑಽ

Ⴎ⚛䉟䉥䊮

⎫㉄䉟䉥䊮

0

10

20

30

40

50

6/2

8/4 9/29 12/6 2/1

4/3

Av.

᷹ቯᣣ

NO

2

Ớᐲ

(pp

b)

No.2 ⧎㊁ዊቇᩞ No.3 Ꮢᓎᚲ No.5 㣮ᄢᎿቇㇱ No.7 ⼱ጊᡰᚲ









࿑ 10 ߦ␜ߔ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߩ᦬೎ᄌൻߪޔቄ▵⊛

ߥᄌേߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽᪉ፉߩᵴേߘߩ߽ߩࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ

߅ࠅޔ଀ᐕߪ࿑ 9 ߣኻᔕߔࠆ႐ว߇ᄙ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔ

ᧄᐕᐲߪ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂߇ዋߥ޿ߚ߼ޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥ

௑ะߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ



นṁᕈᚑಽ㧘51



㧘%N



㒠ਅ㊂߅ࠃ߮ R*

 ࿑ 11 ߦ㣮ఽፉᏒౝ 8 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐᐔဋߩนṁᕈᚑಽޔ

SO

42-

ޔCl

-

ߩ᦬೎㒠ਅ㊂ࠍ␜ߔޕᧄᐕᐲߩนṁᕈᚑಽޔ

SO

42-

ޔCl

-

ߩᐕᐔဋ㒠ਅ㊂ߪߘࠇߙࠇ 3.5ޔ2.4ޔ1.1 g࡮

m

-2

࡮month

-1

ߢ޽ࠅޔᤓᐕᐲߩߘࠇߙࠇߩ୯ 6.7ޔ2.7ޔ

1.1 g࡮m

-2

_࡮month

-1

_{ࠃࠅ߽ᷫዋߒޔ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂}

ߩᷫዋߦኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ

࿑ 12 ߦޔ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ೎ߩ pH ߩᲑ㓏೎㗫ᐲࠍ␜ߔޕ

㣮ఽፉᏒౝർㇱ࿾ၞ㧔No. 1, 2㧕ߦ߅޿ߡޔ౒ሽ㔎᳓

߇ૐ޿ pH ࠍ⸥㍳ߒߚ࿁ᢙ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚ߇ޔߎࠇߪ଀

ᐕߣห᭽ߩ௑ะߢ޽ࠆޕᧄᐕᐲߪో᷹ቯ୯ὐߦߟ޿

ߡ pH 4.9 એਅࠍ⸥㍳ߒߚ࿁ᢙ߇ߩߴ 20 ࿁ߢ޽ࠅޔ

ᤓᐕᐲߩ࿁ᢙ㧔17 ࿁㧕ࠃࠅ߿߿Ⴧടߒߚޕ





















































࿑㧙 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ೎ߩ R* Ბ㓏೎㗫ᐲ

0

2

4

6

8

10

No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7 No.8

᷹ቯ࿾ὐNo.

㗫ᐲ࿁

-4.9 5.0-5.4 5.5-5.9 6.0-pH

0

5

10

15

20

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 Av.

᦬

῜⊒ޔ

ྃἫ

࿁ᢙ

࿁



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

࿾㔡

࿁ᢙ

࿁



῜⊒

ྃἫ

Ἣጊᕈ࿾㔡

࿑㧙 ᪉ፉἫጊߩ῜⊒ޔྃἫޔ߅ࠃ߮Ἣጊᕈ࿾㔡ߩ࿁ᢙ

࿑㧙 ᪉ፉ  ࿾ὐᐔဋ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂

࿑㧙  ࿾ὐᐔဋนṁᕈᚑಽޔ51

 

_ޔ%N



_㒠ਅ㊂

࿑㧙 ᷹ቯ࿾ὐ೎ᐕᐔဋ 01



Ớᐲ

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 Av.

᦬

㒠ਅ߫

޿ߓࠎ

㊂

(g

࡮

m

-2

࡮

mon

th

-1

)

0 10 20

No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7 No.8 Av. ᷹ቯ࿾ὐNo. NO 2 Ớᐲ ( ppb)

ᐔᚑ17ᐕᐲ

ᐔᚑ16ᐕᐲ

Cl

-SO

42-࿑㧙  ᷹ቯ࿾ὐߦ߅ߌࠆ 01



Ớᐲ

― 73 ―

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 6/2 8/4 9/29 12/6 2/1 4/3 Av.

᷹ቯᣣ

NO 2 Ớᐲ (ppb) Ꮢᓎᚲ䋨䊐䉞䊦䉺䊷䊋䉾䉼ᴺ䋩 ⼱ጊᡰᚲ䋨䊐䉞䊦䉺䊷䊋䉾䉼ᴺ䋩 Ꮢᓎᚲ䋨⥄േ⸘ེ᷹䋩 ⼱ጊᡰᚲ䋨⥄േ⸘ེ᷹䋩































 ᄢ᳇ਛߩ 01



ᳪᨴ

 ࿑ 13 ߦ㧘ࡈࠖ࡞࠲࡯ࡃ࠶ࠫᴺߦࠃࠆ㣮ఽፉᏒౝ 8

᷹ቯ࿾ὐߩᄢ᳇ਛ NO

2

Ớᐲ᷹ቯ୯ߩᐔဋࠍᤓᐕᐲ

ߩ႐วߣ޽ࠊߖߡ␜ߔޕᧄᐕᐲߩ㣮ఽፉᏒౝ 8 ᷹ቯ

࿾ὐᐔဋ NO

2

Ớᐲߪ 10.6 ppb ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᤓᐕᐲߩ୯

8.4 ppb ߦᲧߴߡ߿߿Ⴧടߒߚޕᦨ߽ᐕᐔဋ NO

2

Ớ

ᐲ߇㜞޿ߩߪ No. 3 㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲߢ޽ࠅޔNo. 5 㣮ఽ

ፉᄢቇᎿቇㇱ߽㜞޿୯ࠍ␜ߒߚޕߎࠇߪޔߎࠇࠄߩ

᷹ቯ࿾ὐ߇੤ㅢ㊂ߩᄙ޿ᐙ✢㆏〝ߩㄭߊߦ૏⟎ߒߡ

޿ࠆߚ߼ޔ⥄േゞߩឃ᳇ࠟࠬߩᓇ㗀ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ

੹࿁ߩ᷹ቯߢᦨ߽㜞޿ NO

2

Ớᐲࠍ⸥㍳ߒߚߩߪᐔ

ᚑ 17 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 2 ᣣ No. 3 㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲߩ 28.3 ppb ߢ

޽ߞߚ߇ޔߎߩ୯߽ⅣႺၮḰ㧔㧝ᤨ㑆୯ߩ㧝ᣣᐔဋ

୯߇ 40 㨪 60 ppb ߹ߚߪߘࠇએਅ㧕ߪḩ⿷ߒߡ޿

ߚޕ଀ᐕޔᦨ߽㜞޿ NO

2

Ớᐲࠍ⸥㍳ߔࠆߩߪ No. 3

㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲߢ޽ࠅޔᧄᐕᐲ߽ห᭽ߩ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚޕ

 ࿑ 14 ߦޔNo. 2 ⧎㊁ዊቇᩞޔNo. 3 㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲޔ

No. 5 㣮ᄢᎿቇㇱޔNo. 7 ⼱ጊᡰᚲߦ߅ߌࠆ NO

㧞

Ớ

ᐲߩᣣᄌേࠍ␜ߔޕNO

2

Ớᐲߪ߆ߥࠅߩᣣᄌേ߇޽

ࠅޔ߹ߚ㣮ఽፉᏒౝߩ NO

2

Ớᐲߪᄢ૕ㅪേߒߡᄌേ

ߒߡ޿ߚޕ࿑ 15 ߦޔNo. 3 㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲ߅ࠃ߮ No. 7

⼱ጊᡰᚲߦ߅ߌࠆࡈࠖ࡞࠲࡯ࡃ࠶ࠫᴺߣ⥄േ⸘ེ᷹

ߦࠃࠆ NO

2

Ớᐲ᷹ቯ୯ߩᲧセࠍ␜ߔ߇ޔਔ⠪ߪ߅߅

ࠃߘߩ৻⥌ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧔⥄േ⸘ེ᷹ߩ࠺࡯࠲ߪ 1 h Ფ

ߦ᷹ቯߒߚ߽ߩࠍ 24 h ᐔဋߒߚ߽ߩ㧕

ޕ



⚿ ⺰



㣮ఽፉᏒߦ߅ߌࠆᐕᐔဋ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߪ 4.9

g࡮m

-2

࡮month

-1

ߢ޽ࠅޔᤓᐕᐲࠃࠅ߽ᷫዋߒޔᐔᚑ

13 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߩૐ㒠ਅ߫޿ߓࠎ㊂ߩ௑ะ߇ᧄᐕᐲ߽

⛯޿ߚޕᄢ᳇ਛߩ NO

2

ᳪᨴߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ⃻࿷ߩߣߎ

ࠈⅣႺၮḰࠍ⿥߃ࠆ੐଀ߪߥ߆ߞߚޕ

⚳ࠊࠅߦޔ⺞ᩏߦߏදജ޿ߚߛ߈ޔ߹ߚ⾆㊀ߥ࠺

࡯࠲ࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ㣮ఽፉᏒᓎᚲޔ㣮ఽፉ⋵

ᐡޔ㣮ఽፉ࿾ᣇ᳇⽎บߩ㑐ଥ⠪ߩ⊝᭽ߦෘߊᓮ␞↳

ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔޕ



ෳ⠨ᢥ₂

1㧕 ᷜጟ ືᦶ㧘ᄢጊ ⻞ੑ㧘ਛፉ Ᏹᙗ㧘㜞᪸ ໪๺㧘 

ᄢᧁ ┨㧦㣮ఽፉᏒߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⺞ᩏ㧔╙ 18 ႎ㧕

㧘

㣮ఽፉᄢቇᎿቇㇱ⎇ⓥႎ๔, 47, 93, (2005).

2㧕 W. Leithe, ᣂ⦟ ብ৻㇢㧦ᄢ᳇ᳪᨴߩ᷹ቯ㧝 ,

ൻቇหੱ, pp.110, 164 (1973).

3㧕 ┻ਅ ኼ㓶, ೨↰ ṑ, ਅේ ቁ┨㧦㣮ఽፉᏒ෸߮

᪉ፉߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ⺞ᩏ㧔╙㧝ႎ㧕㧘㣮ఽፉᄢቇᎿ

ቇㇱ⎇ⓥႎ๔, 21, 140 (1979).

㧕 ၳ ⚛ᄦ, ㋈ᧁ િ, ᬛᧁ ⟵৻, ᮘญ દ૒ᄦ㧦ᄢ

᳇ⅣႺߩࠨ࡯ࡌࠗ࡜ࡦ᷹ࠬቯ࡮⸳⸘࡮⸃ᨆ,᧲੩

ᄢቇ಴ ળ, p.59 (1984).

࿑㧙 ࡈࠖ࡞࠲࡯ࡃ࠶࠴ᴺߣ⥄േ⸘ེ᷹ߦࠃࠆ 01



Ớᐲ