第二次世界大戦以降におけるイギリスの移民政策の 展開

第二次世界大戦以降におけるイギリスの移民政策の 展開

著者 原田 桃子

学位名 博士（文学）

学位授与機関 東北学院大学

学位授与年度 平成28年度 学位授与番号 31302甲第84号

URL http://id.nii.ac.jp/1204/00023927/

༤ኈㄢ⛬Ꮫ఩ㄽᩥ

ࠕ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤ࠖ

ᖹᡂ29ᖺ1᭶

ᮾ໭Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉

ཎ⏣᱈Ꮚ

┠ḟ

࣮࣌ࢪ

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 1㡫

➨୍❶ ࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻࠖ⛣Ẹࡢὶධ࡜ὶධつไἲࡢᑟධ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 11㡫 ᗎ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 11㡫

➨୍⠇ ࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻࠖ⛣Ẹࡢὶධ࡜࢖ࢠࣜࢫ♫఍ࡢኚᐜ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 11㡫

(1)⛣Ẹࡢὶධ࡜ࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࠖࡢ≉Ṧᛶ

(2)࢖ࢠࣜࢫ♫఍ࡢኚ໬

➨஧⠇ 1948ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲ࡜ࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 18㡫 (1)ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫࡢ㔜せᛶ࡜࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹ࡬ࡢ༴ᶵព㆑㸫࢔ࢺ࣮ࣜປാඪෆ㛶 (2)ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࡬ࡢ㓄៖࡜㑅ᣲ㸫ࢳ࣮ࣕࢳࣝಖᏲඪෆ㛶

(3)⛣Ẹၥ㢟ࡢල⌧໬㸫࢖࣮ࢹࣥಖᏲඪෆ㛶

➨୕⠇ ἲᚊ࡟ࡼࡿὶධつไ㸫1962ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲไᐃ㐣⛬͐͐͐͐ 24㡫 (1)⛣Ẹၥ㢟෌⇕࡜ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᨻ⟇ࡢ㌿᥮㸫࣐ࢡ࣑ࣛࣥಖᏲඪෆ㛶

(2)ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹጤဨ఍࡟ࡼࡿ㆟ㄽࡢᒎ㛤

ᑠᣓ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 37㡫

➨஧❶ ⾑⤫୺⩏ࡢᑟධ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 39㡫 ᗎ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 39㡫

➨୍⠇ ࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥປാඪෆ㛶ࡢㄌ⏕࡜ࡑࡢᛶ᱁͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 42㡫

(1)࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥປാඪෆ㛶ࡢㄌ⏕

(2)ே✀㛵ಀᨻ⟇࡜⛣Ẹࡢᅜෆ⤫ྜࡢ᥎㐍

➨஧⠇ ࣂ࢘ࢳ࣮࣭ࣕࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㝈⏺͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 45㡫 (1)࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥປാඪෆ㛶ୗࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢ㆟ㄽ

(2)࣐࢘ࣥࢺࣂࢵࢸࣥሗ࿌࡜ⓑ᭩ࠗࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ࠘

(3)ᪧ᳜Ẹᆅ࡬ࡢ㈐௵࡜ࣂ࢘ࢳ࣮࣭ࣕࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㝈⏺

➨୕⠇ ⾑⤫୺⩏ࡢᑟධ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 51㡫 (1)ࢣࢽ࢔ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ே༴ᶵ

(2)ࠕᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸⪅ࠖࡢཷࡅධࢀᣄྰ̿1968ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲไᐃ㐣⛬

ᑠᣓ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 57㡫

➨୕❶ ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᕷẸࡢศ㞳͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 59㡫 ᗎ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 59㡫

➨୍⠇ ࣄ࣮ࢫಖᏲඪෆ㛶ࡢㄌ⏕࡜཯⛣Ẹໃຊ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 61㡫 ➨஧⠇ ఫᏯၥ㢟࡜ே✀㛵ಀ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 62㡫 ➨୕⠇ 1971ᖺ⛣Ẹἲไᐃ㐣⛬͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 64㡫

(1)⛣Ẹၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑

(2)ᪧࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜ࡬ࡢ㓄៖

(3)እᅜேປാ⪅ࡢᢅ࠸

➨ᅄ⠇ ᪧࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࡬ࡢ㓄៖࡜1973ᖺ⛣Ẹつ๎͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 71㡫

(1)ECຍ┕཯ᑐὴࡢᙳ㡪

(2)ᪧࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜࡢ❧ሙ (3)࢘࢞ࣥࢲࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ே༴ᶵ

ᑠᣓ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 76㡫

➨ᅄ❶ ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢ฿㐩Ⅼ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 78㡫

ᗎ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 78㡫 ➨୍⠇ ࠕⰋዲ࡞ே✀㛵ಀࠖࡢᵓ⠏͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐79㡫 ➨஧⠇ ᅜ⡠ἲࡢኚ᭦࡬̿࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥࠊ࢟ࣕࣛࣁࣥປാඪෆ㛶ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇͐͐͐͐81㡫

(1)࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥປാඪෆ㛶࡛ࡢ⛣Ẹၥ㢟 (2)࢟ࣕࣛࣁࣥປാඪෆ㛶࡛ࡢ⛣Ẹၥ㢟 (3)ᅜ⡠ἲᨵṇࡢ᳨ウ

➨୕⠇ ࠕⰋዲ࡞ே✀㛵ಀࠖࡢᔂቯ㸫ࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕಖᏲඪෆ㛶ࡢㄌ⏕͐͐͐͐͐͐͐91㡫 ➨ᅄ⠇ ே✀୺⩏ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿㸽㸫1981ᖺᅜ⡠ἲไᐃ㐣⛬͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐94㡫

(1)ࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕಖᏲඪෆ㛶࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹၥ㢟

(2)1981ᖺᅜ⡠ἲไᐃ࡟ྥࡅ࡚

ᑠᣓ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐98㡫

⤖ㄽ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 102㡫 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 105㡫

⾲୍ぴ

⾲

1 ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹ⥲ᩘࡢ᥎⛣(1901㸫1971

ᖺ) ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐12 㡫

⾲

2 ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹ୺せᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⣧ὶධᩘ(1955㸫1961

ᖺ) ͐͐͐͐͐ 13 㡫

⾲

3 ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹ୺せᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⣧ὶධᩘ(1960

ᖺ

8

᭶㸫1961 ᖺ

8

᭶)͐13 㡫

⾲

4 ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹࡢᆅᇦศᕸᴫ⟬(1960

ᖺ)͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 17 㡫

⾲

5 1962

ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲୗ࡛ࡢධᅜ⪅ᩘ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 39 㡫

⾲

6 ฟ⏕ᆅูປാチྍ᭩Ⓨ⾜㒊ᩘ(1962㸫1969

ᖺ) ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 50 㡫

⾲

7 ᒃఫᆅ༊࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶(ࣛࣥ࣋ࢫ)

͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 82 㡫

⾲

8 ᒃఫᆅ༊࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶(ࣈࣛࢵࢻࣇ࢛࣮ࢻ)

͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 82 㡫

⾲

9 ᒃఫᆅ༊࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶(ࣞࢫࢱ࣮)

͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 82 㡫

ࢢࣛࣇ

1

࣮࢝ࣛࢻኻᴗ⪅ࡢ⤫ィ(1953㸫1960 ᖺ) ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐15 㡫

ࢢࣛࣇ

2

ᑵປ┠ⓗࡢධᅜ⪅ᩘ(1962㸫1982 ᖺ) ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐41 㡫

ࢢࣛࣇ

3

ᢇ㣴ᐙ᪘ཬࡧ௚ࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡿධᅜ⪅ᩘ(1962㸫1982 ᖺ) ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐41 㡫

ࢢࣛࣇ

4

ᮾ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ே᭶ูὶධᩘ(1965 ᖺ

1

᭶㸫1968 ᖺ

1

᭶)͐͐ 53 㡫

ࢢࣛࣇ

5

ᐃఫ┠ⓗ࡟ࡼࡿ፧⣙⪅ࡢධᅜ⪅ᩘ ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐ 88 㡫

1 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࢆࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ

⬺᳜Ẹᆅ໬ࠊࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫయไࡢኚᐜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

௒᪥ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡣከẸ᪘ᅜᐙ࡜ホࡉࢀࡿࠋ2012ᖺ࡟බ㛤ࡉࢀࡓ2011ᖺ3 ᭶ࡢ࢖ࣥ

ࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡜࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢࢭࣥࢧࢫࡢẸ᪘⤫ィࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࡜࢙࣮࢘ࣝ

ࢬ࡟ᬽࡽࡍ⣙5610୓ேࡢ࠺ࡕࠊⓑேࡀ86%ࠊ࢔ࢪ࢔⣔ࡀ7.5%ࠊࣈࣛࢵࢡࡀ3.3%ࠊ࢔

ࣛࣈ⣔ࡀ0.4%ࠊ௚ࡀ0.6%ࠊ࣑ࢵࢡࢫࡀ2.2%࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ¹ࠋⓑேࡀ኱ከᩘࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸

ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࠕⓑேࠖ࡜࠸࠺࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ⣔ࠊ࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬ⣔ࠊࢫࢥ

ࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻ⣔ࠊ໭࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⣔࢖ࢠࣜࢫேࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⣔ࠊࢪࣉࢩ࣮ཬࡧ࢔࢖ࣝࣛ

ࣥࢻ⣔୍᫬ᅾ⪅ࠊ௚ⓑே⣔࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ศ࠿ࢀࡿࠋࢭࣥࢧࢫࡢㄝ᫂ᩥ࡟ࡣࠕ࢖ࣥࢢࣛ

ࣥࢻ࡜࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡣࡼࡾẸ᪘ⓗ࡟ከᵝ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ(ᚋ␎)ࠖ࡜グࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ²ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ ࡣከẸ᪘ᅜᐙࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ␲࠸ࡼ࠺ࡢ࡞࠸஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢከẸ᪘໬ࠊከᩥ໬໬ࡣ࡞ࡐ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡣ ࢣࣝࢺ⣔ࠊ࢔ࣥࢢ࣭ࣟࢧࢡࢯࣥ⣔ࠊࣀ࣐ࣝࣥ⣔࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞Ẹ᪘ࡀὶධࡋ࡚ᙧᡂࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡟࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡸࠊࣘࢢࣀ࣮ࠊࣘࢲࣖ⣔ࡢ⛣Ẹࡀὶධࡋࠊ➨

஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆࡛ࡣࠊᪧ᳜Ẹᆅ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡀࠊࡲࡓ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ EU ຍ┕ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ

ࡸࠊ㞴Ẹࡀὶධࡋࠊ⌧ᅾ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾཝ᱁࡞ධᅜ⟶⌮ᨻ⟇ࡀ௨๓࠿ࡽ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ௒᪥ࠊ࢖

ࢠࣜࢫࡣ୰ᮾ࠿ࡽࡢ㞴Ẹཷࡅධࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊEUຍ┕ᅜ㛫ࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡣ≉࡟ཝࡋࡃᑐᛂࡋ

࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊྠࡌEUຍ┕ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᮾḢ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ≉࡟

ཝࡋ࠸ど⥺ࢆྥࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊEUࡢᇶᮏᨻ⟇࡛࠶ࡿᅜቃࡢ⮬⏤໬ࢆయ⌧ࡋࡓࢩ࢙ࣥࢤࣥ༠ ᐃ࡟ࡣ⌧ᅾࡶຍ┕ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊEUຍ┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮࣐ࣝࢽ࢔ࠊࣈࣝ࢞ࣜ࢔࠿ࡽ

ࡢ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ2007ᖺ࠿ࡽ2013ᖺࡲ࡛࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡬ࡢධᅜ࡟ࡘ࠸୍࡚㒊ไ㝈ࢆㄢࡋ

࡚࠾ࡾࠊ2014 ᖺ࠿ࡽࡣኻᴗᡭᙜࡢ⏦ㄳࡢ୕࠿᭶㛫ࡢ೵Ṇࠊཬࡧ≀ஒ࠸ࡢᙉไ㏦㑏࡜୍

ᖺ㛫ࡢ෌ධᅜ⚗Ṇࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ³ࠋࡲࡓࠊEU ຍ┕ᅜእ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ࣏࢖ࣥ

1 Office for National Statistic, Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales 2011, 2012.(http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171776_290558.pdfࠊ2012ᖺ12᭶13᪥☜ㄆ)ࠊࡲࡓࠊ

௚ࡢ⤫ィㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡣᅜᐙ⤫ィᒁࡢ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡛㜀ぴྍ⬟

(http://www.ons.gov.uk/index.htmlࠊ2012ᖺ12᭶13᪥☜ㄆ)ࠋ

2 Ibidࠊp.1.

3 ࠗᮅ᪥᪂⪺࠘2014ᖺ1᭶3᪥ࠋ

2

ࢺ࣭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠊධᅜࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿ⛣Ẹࡢᢏ⬟ࡸ⤒㦂ࢆ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ィ⟬ࡋࠊ

ཷࡅධࢀᇶ‽ࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓ⪅ࡢࡳධᅜ࡛ࡁࡿไᗘࢆ2008ᖺ࠿ࡽᑟධࡋࡓ⁴ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ2014 ᖺ5᭶࡟ࡣࠊᅾ㈨᱁ࡢ࡞࠸⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜእ㏥ཤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ཝ᱁࡞ฎ⨨ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠

ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸⛣ẸἲࢆྍỴࡉࡏࡓ⁵ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢἲᚊࡣ EU ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡣ㐺⏝ࡉ

ࢀࡎࠊ2014ᖺ11᭶28᪥ࠊಖᏲඪ㤳┦ࢹ࣮ࣦ࢕ࢵࢻ࣭࣓࢟ࣕࣟࣥ(David Cameron)ࡀࠊ EU ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿไ㝈ⓗᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ EUຍ┕ᅜࡢ༠ຊࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊEU

࠿ࡽࡢ㞳⬺ࢆࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ෆᐜࡢ₇ㄝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⁶ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ2016ᖺ6᭶23᪥ࠊᅜ Ẹᢞ⚊ࡢ⤖ᯝEU㞳⬺ࡀỴᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᢞ⚊⤖ᯝࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾEU࡛ࡢ⛣Ẹࠊ㞴 Ẹᨻ⟇࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹ࡬ࡢ᤼௚ⓗ࡞ጼໃࡣࠊ௒᪥ᛴ㏿࡟㐍ࡴࣄࢺࡢࢢ࣮ࣟ

ࣂࣝ࡞⛣ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿᛴ⃭࡞᪉ྥ㌿᥮࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣ 1905 ᖺࡢእᅜேἲ(Aliens Act, 1905)࡛ࡢእᅜே࡟ᑐࡍࡿධᅜつไ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡾࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆ࡣࠊᖇᅜ࣭ࢥࣔࣥ

࢙࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡢὶධࢆつไࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ

➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ┤ᚋ࠿ࡽὶධࡋࡓᪧ᳜Ẹᆅ࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡣࠊࡑࡢ ᛴ⃭࡞ቑຍഴྥࠊ᐀ᩍࡸ⏕ά⩦័ࡢ㐪࠸ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ఱࡼࡾࡶ⫙ࡢⰍࡢ㐪࠸࠿ࡽࠊṔ௦࢖ࢠ

ࣜࢫᨻᗓ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚┠ࢆᘬࡃᏑᅾࡔࡗࡓࠋᙼࡽࡣࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ⁷ࠊࠕ⛣

Ẹၥ㢟ࠖ࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊᙼࡽࡢᏑᅾࡀ㛵ಀࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆᣦࡍࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼ

ࡽࡣ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ♫఍࡟ධࡿࡸ࠸࡞ࡸࠊ㞠⏝ࡸఫᏯ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㒊ศ࡛ᕪูࢆཷࡅࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ

♫఍ࡢ཯ᛂ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ1965ᖺࠊࣁࣟࣝࢻ࣭࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥ(Harold Wilson)ປാඪෆ㛶࡛ࡣ

ே✀㛵ಀἲ(Race Relations Act)࡜࠸࠺ἲᚊࢆసࡾࠊࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡶᨵṇࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ

ே✀ᕪูࡢ⚗Ṇ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᩍ⫱ศ㔝࡛ࡶࠊ␗ᩥ໬ࢆᑛ㔜ࡋཷࡅධࢀࡼ࠺

࡜ࡍࡿከᩥ໬୺⩏ᩍ⫱ࡸࠊே✀ᕪูࢆ᰿⤯ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ཯ே✀୺⩏ᩍ⫱ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ

4 ᯶㇂฼ᜨᏊࠕᅜ⡠࣭ධᅜ⟶⌮ᨻ⟇࡜ᑐእᨻ⟇ࡢ஺ᕪࠖࠗᅜ㝿ᨻ἞࠘➨173ྕࠊ2013ᖺࠊ148 㸫149㡫ࠋ

5 Immigration Act, 2014 c.22. ᮏἲࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᒸஂ៞ࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ 2014ᖺ⛣Ẹἲࠖ

ࠗእᅜࡢ❧ἲ࠘ࠊ➨260㸫2ྕࠊ2014ᖺࠊ6㸫7㡫ࠋ

6 BBC News (http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-30224493 2014ᖺ11᭶30᪥☜ㄆ)

7 බᩥ᭩࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ1950ᖺ௦࡛ࡣ᳜Ẹᆅ࣭᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜ࠿ࡽὶධࡍࡿ⛣Ẹࢆࠕ࣮࢝ࣛ

ࢻ⛣Ẹ(coloured Immigrants )ࠖ࡜⾲グࡋࠊ1960ᖺ㡭࠿ࡽࠕ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹ(New Commonwealth Immigrants, NCI)ࠖ࡜⾲グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᐃఫ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ࣭

࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕(coloured minority)ࠖ࡞࡝౑࠺ሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ≉ู࡞஦౛(ᚋ㏙ࡢ㐃ྜ⋤ᅜࣃࢫ࣏

࣮ࢺಖᣢ⪅➼)ࡸࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿሙྜࢆ㝖ࡁࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࠕ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝ

ࢫ⛣Ẹࠖ࡜⾲グࢆ⤫୍ࡍࡿࠋ

3 ࡓࠋ

ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ᳜Ẹᆅࠊ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡢὶධࢆつไࡍࡿືࡁࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᙼࡽࡣࠊ1948ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲ(British Nationality Act, 1948)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࠕẕᅜࠖ࢖ࢠ

ࣜࢫ࡬ࡢ⮬⏤࡞ධᅜ࡜ᐃఫࡢᶒ฼ࢆㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ࢖ࣥࢻࡢඹ࿴ᅜ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࠊ

ࡲࡓ࢝ࢼࢲࡢᕷẸᶒἲไᐃࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅไᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊᖇᅜ࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫࡢ୍

యឤࢆ㔜どࡋࡓἲᚊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ1948 ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲୖㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᶒ฼

ࡣࠊ1962ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲ(Commonwealth Immigrants Act, 1962)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ዣ

ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢἲᚊࡢᑐ㇟ࡣࠊࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᕷẸ඲యࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶ

ᑵປ┠ⓗࡢᮍ⇍⦎ປാ⪅ࡢධᅜࢆᢚไࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿἲᚊࡔࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ࡣᮍ⇍

⦎ປാ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ὶධࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹࡢࡳࢆ୺࡞ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ

ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࢀ௨㝆ࡶࠊ1965ᖺ࡟ࡣⓑ᭩ࠕࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ(Immigration from the Commonwealth)ࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜ࠿ࡽࡢᮍ⇍⦎ປാ⪅ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ

࡬ࡢ㛛ᡞࢆ㛢ࡊࡋࠊ1968 ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲ(Commonwealth Immigrants Act, 1968)࡛ࡢ⾑⤫୺⩏ࡢᑟධࠊ1971 ᖺ⛣Ẹἲ(Immigration Act, 1971)࡛ࡢ⾑⤫୺⩏ࢆᇶ

‽࡜ࡋࡓࠕࣃࢺࣜ࢔ࣝ(patrial)ࠖࡢᑟධ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ❧࡚⥆ࡅ࡟⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࢆᙉ໬ࡋࡓࠋࡋ

࠿ࡋࠊᅜ⡠ἲࡢᨵṇࡣ⾜ࢃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ1948 ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲୖㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᶒ

฼ࡀ⛣Ẹㅖἲ࡛ไ㝈ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ἲⓗ࡞▩┪ࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ▩┪ࡣࠊ1981 ᖺ࢖ࢠ

ࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲ(British Nationality Act, 1981)ࡢไᐃ࡟ࡼࡾゎᾘࡉࢀࡿࠋ1981ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ ᅜ⡠ἲࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡬ࡢ⮬⏤ධᅜ࡜ᐃఫࡢᶒ฼ࢆᣢࡘ⪅ࡣ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᕷẸ(British Citizen)ࡢࡳ࡜つᐃࡋࠊ⊂❧ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜࡢᕷẸࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ᳜ẸᆅᕷẸ࠿ࡽࠕẕ ᅜࠖ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡬ࡢᶒ฼ࢆࡣࡃዣࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᳜Ẹᆅ࠾ࡼࡧࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᕷẸࡣ

࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡬⮬⏤ධᅜཬࡧᒃఫࡢᶒ฼ࢆ᏶඲࡟ኻࡗࡓࠋᅜ⡠ἲࡣࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࣛࣥࢻ⣮தࡸ

㤶 ㏉㑏࡞࡝ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ಟṇἲࡀฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ኱ᯟ࡟ኚ᭦ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞⛣Ẹ ᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤ࡣࠊࡑࡢᑐ㇟ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊே✀ᕪ

ูⓗⰍᙬࡢ⃰࠸ᨻ⟇࡜ホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࠋ⬺᳜Ẹᆅ໬㐣⛬࡛ࡢ཯ே✀୺⩏ࠊᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞཯ே✀ⓗ

㢼₻ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ࡞ࡐ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡣே✀୺⩏ⓗ࡞ホ౯ࢆཷࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᨻ⟇ࢆᐇ⾜ࡋࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺

࠿ࠋ௒᪥ࡲ࡛⥆ࡃ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢ᤼௚ᛶࠊே✀ᕪูᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࡶ᭷ຠࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࡲࡓࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆ࡢ᳜Ẹᆅࠊ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ 㛤ࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫṔ௦ᨻᗓࡀ⮬ࡽࡢᅜ㝿ⓗᆅ఩ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟☜ಖࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼

ࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡶࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟᭷┈࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊࢯ㐃ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ෭ᡓ

4

యไࡢ☜❧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡣ⮬ࡽࢆ⡿ࢯ࡟ḟࡄ➨୕ᅜࡢᆅ఩࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋ࡚ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⬺᳜Ẹᆅ໬ࠊ ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫయไࡢኚᐜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡣࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢ෌⪃ࢆ

㏕ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜ࠿ࡽࡣ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᖇᅜ᫬௦ ࡢࠕ⮧Ẹࠖࡢᆅ఩ࢆᣢࡘ⛣Ẹࡀὶධࡋࠊᅜෆ࡛ࡣே✀ᕪูࡸὶධ࡟కࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡓࠕ⛣Ẹ ၥ㢟ࠖ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ≉࡟1960ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊே✀ᕪู࡬ࡢᢈุࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࠊᅜ㝿

ⓗ࡞❧ࡕ఩⨨ࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࠕ⛣Ẹၥ㢟ࠖ࡬ࡢᑐฎࡣᅔ㞴ࢆᴟࡵࡿၥ㢟

࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᅜෆ࡛ࡣከẸ᪘໬ࡢ㐍⾜ࠊᑐእⓗ࡟ࡣᖇᅜࡢゎయ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࢆ㏕ࡽࢀ

࡚࠸ࡓ୰࡛ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡀ௨ᚋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜᐙᘓタࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿ࠊ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤

ࢆ㏣࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ

࡚⾜ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࢆࠊ᳜Ẹᆅࠊࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࢖

ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ὶධࡋࡓ⛣Ẹࡀࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢே✀ᕪูᛶ࡟㔜ࡁ ࡀ⨨࠿ࢀࡓࠋࢪࢢ࣭ࣞ࢖ࢺ࣭࣮ࣥ࣊ࣥࣜ(Zig Layton-Henry)ࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿே✀

ࡢㅖၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ୺せᨻඪࡸᨻ἞ᐙࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ࠿ࢆࠊ

㆟఍㈨ᩱࡸ᪂⪺࡞࡝ࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣞ࢖ࢺ࣭࣮ࣥ࣊ࣥࣜࡣࠊᨻඪࡸᨻ἞ᐙ࡟ࡼ

ࡿே✀ᕪูព㆑ࡣㄆࡵࡘࡘࡶࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᨻᗓࡣࠊ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹࢆປാຊ୙㊊ࡢ ゎᾘ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘᏑᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ㔜どᨻ⟇ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡶつไࡋࡓ ࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᨻ἞ᐙࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᨻඪࡣ㑅ᣲࢆព㆑ࡋୡ ㄽࡢືྥ࡟ὀពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊ1950ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢୡㄽࡢ཯⛣Ẹឤ᝟ࡢ㧗ᥭࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ

ே✀ᕪูⓗ࡞ᨻ⟇ࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓୡㄽࡢᙳ㡪࡟㔜ࡁࢆ⨨ࡃ

◊✲࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢṔ௦ᨻᗓࡢே✀ព㆑ࢆᙉࡃッ࠼ࡓࡢࡀࠊ࢖࢔࣭ࣥࢫ࣌ࣥࢧ࣮

(Ian R. G. Spencer)࡛࠶ࡿ⁹ࠋࢫ࣌ࣥࢧ࣮ࡣ1962ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲࡢே✀ᕪูᛶ

8 Layton-Henry, Z., The politics of race in Britain, London: Allen & Unwin, 1984. Layton- Henry, Z., The politics of immigration, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1992. ࡯࠿ࠊ▼⏣⋹Ꮚ ࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥ㐃㑥⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤㸦ୖ㸧ࠖࠗṔྐᏛ◊✲࠘582ᕳࠊ1988ᖺࠊ1-12㡫ࠋ

▼⏣⋹Ꮚࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⱥ㐃㑥⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤 (ୗ)ࠖࠗṔྐᏛ◊✲࠘583ᕳࠊ1988ᖺࠊ19- 31㡫ࠋ

9 Spencer, I. R. G., British immigration policy since 1939 The making of multi-racial Britain, London: Routledge, 1997. ࡯࠿ࠊSolomos, John., Race and Racism in

Contemporary Britain, London: Macmillan education LTD, 1989.(௨ୗࠊᘬ⏝ࡢ㝿࡟ࡣ Solomosձ࡜⾲グ), Solomos, John, Race and Racism in Britain, Macmillan, 1989, (3rd

5

ࢆᙉㄪࡋࠊ࡞ࡐࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ἲᚊࡀసࡽࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࢫ࣌ࣥࢧ࣮ࡣࠊṔ௦ᨻᗓࡣ ࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻࠖ⛣Ẹࡢᩘࡢቑຍࢆၥ㢟どࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᢚไࢆᖖ࡟᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ1950 ᖺ௦࡟ࡣࠊᨻᗓࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࢆṇᙜ໬࡛ࡁࡿ࡯࡝ୡㄽࡀ㧗ᥭࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊᨻᗓࡢᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺

࡟⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡀᐇ⾜࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ1960 ᖺ௦ࡢ⛣Ẹࡢᛴቑ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ ࡑࡢᩘࡀྠ໬୙ྍ⬟࡟ࡲ࡛㐩ࡍࡿ࡜ண ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᨻᗓࡣࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ⛣Ẹᨻ

⟇ࡢṇᙜ໬ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡜ࡋ࡚❧ἲ໬࡟㋃ࡳษࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᨻᗓࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡬ࡢ

✚ᴟᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊⱝᯇ㑥ᘯࡣᨻᗓࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶᐁ൉ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡬ࡢ✚ᴟᛶࢆ୺ᙇࡋࡓࠋ ⱝᯇࡣࠊᐁ൉࡜࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡣᨻ἞ᐙ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ㑅ᣲࡸୡㄽ࡟ᕥྑࡉࢀࡎࠊ≀஦ࢆุ᩿ࡍ

ࡿ఩⨨࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ᥦ࡟ࠊࡑࡢᐁ൉ࡀࠕ⛣Ẹࠖࡢὶධቑຍ࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡑࡢ♫

఍ⓗ࡞㔜せᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ⥆ࡅࠊ⛣Ẹࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿᨻ⟇ࢆ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ

࡚ࠊ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᐇ⾜ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ッ࠼ࡿᐁ൉࡜⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡟ᾘᴟⓗ࡞㛶൉࡜ࡢᑐ❧ࡢᏑᅾࢆ

᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࠊ1950ᖺ௦ࡣ㛶൉ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀᙉࡃ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡣᐇ⾜࡟⮳ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ1960 ᖺ௦࡟ධࡿ࡜⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡟ᾘᴟⓗ࡞㛶൉ࡀᘬ㏥ࡋᙳ㡪ຊࢆኻࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊᐁ൉ࡢពぢࡀᨻ⟇

Ỵᐃ࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀࠊไ㝈ⓗ࡞⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡀᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ¹⁰ࠋ

ᐁ൉ࡢ✚ᴟᛶ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬࡣࠊࣛࣥࢻ࣮࣭ࣝࣁࣥࢭࣥ(Randall Hansen)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟

ヲ⣽࡟ศᯒࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣁࣥࢭࣥࡣࠊ1962 ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲࢆቃ࡟ࠊ࡞ࡐࡑࢀ

ࡲ࡛ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡀᐇ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ1962 ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝ

ࢫ⛣Ẹἲ௨㝆࡟࡞ࡐᛴ㏿࡟⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡀᒎ㛤ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆㄢ㢟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ1962 ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘

ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲ௨๓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࣁࣥࢭࣥࡣ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡞ෆົ┬࡜ᾘᴟⓗ࡞᳜Ẹᆅ┬࣭

ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ㛵ಀ┬ࡢᑐ❧ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ1950 ᖺ௦ࡢෆ㛶ࡀᖇᅜ࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ㔜どᨻ

⟇ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ᳜Ẹᆅ┬࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ㛵ಀ┬ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀᙉࡃࠊ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇

ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟᥎㐍ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ1960 ᖺ௦࡟ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ㔜どᨻ

⟇ࡢኚ᭦ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊෆົ┬࡜᳜Ẹᆅ┬࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ㛵ಀ┬ࡢᑐ

❧ᵓ㐀࡟ኚ໬ࡀぢࡽࢀࠊෆົ┬ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡼ

࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⤖ㄽ௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣁࣥࢭࣥࡣࠊ1962 ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲ௨㝆 ࡢᒎ㛤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ≉࡟1968ᖺࡢࢣࢽ࢔ࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔ே༴ᶵࠊࡑࢀ࡟క࠺1968ᖺࢥࣔࣥ࢘

࢙ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲࢆࠊࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ㔜どᨻ⟇ࡢ㌿᥮Ⅼ࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1971 ᖺ⛣Ẹἲࡢไ

Edition, 2001).(௨ୗࠊᘬ⏝ࡢ㝿࡟ࡣSolomosղ࡜⾲グ)

10 Wakamatsu, Kunihiro, “The Role of Civil Servants in the Formulation of Policy: An Analysis of the Policy of Process on Commonwealth Immigration from 1948 to 1964”, PhD thesis, University of Warwick, 1998.

6

ᐃ᫬࡟ࡣࡍ࡛࡟ࠊ㤳┦࢚ࢻ࣮࣡ࢻ࣭ࣄ࣮ࢫ(Edward Heath)ࡣࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚

ᗁ⁛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ1962 ᖺ௨㝆ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢⓎᒎࢆࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢኚ໬

࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ¹¹ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ1962ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲ௨㝆ࡢἲᚊࡢෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ࡣࠊ1948ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᙉࡃཷࡅ࡚సࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡶࡲࡓ୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢኚ໬ࡢഃ㠃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ᯶㇂฼ᜨᏊࡢ◊✲ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

᯶㇂ࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡞ࡐᅜ⡠ἲࡢᨵṇࡼࡾࡶ⛣Ẹㅖἲࡢไᐃࡀඃඛࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ

࠿ࢆㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ20 ୡ⣖ึ㢌࠿ࡽ 1981 ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲࡲ࡛ࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᯶㇂

ࡣࠊ୍㐃ࡢᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤࡟ࡣࠊᖖ࡟ࠕㄡࡀ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢᡂဨ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࡀୖࡗ࡚࠸

ࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡟⟅࠼ࢆฟࡏࡿ⪅ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ 㛤ࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᨻᗓ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫࡢព⩏ࡢపୗࠊEEC ຍ┕࡞࡝ࡢせᅉ࠿

ࡽᖇᅜ࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫయไࡢ෌⦅ࢆཷࡅ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࠊᚎࠎ࡟ࠕᡂဨࠖࡢ᮲௳࠿ࡽࢥࣔࣥ

࢙࢘ࣝࢫࡀእࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ㐣⛬ࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡜ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫయไࡢኚᐜ࡜ࡢ⧅ࡀ

ࡾࢆ♧ࡋࡓ¹²ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ➉㔝ෆ┿ᶞࡣ࢖ࢠࣜ

ࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆࠊୡㄽࡢ཯࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹឤ᝟ࡸᭀື࡜ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫࡢ⤒῭ⓗព

⩏ࡢపୗ࡜㛵ಀࡋࡓࠊ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜࡢࠕእᅜ໬ࠖ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ¹³ࠋ

ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣࠊ≉࡟⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿⅬ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟♧၀ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣྐᩱබ㛤ࡢ㒔ྜୖࠊ1962 ᖺࢥ

࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲ௨㝆ࠊ≉࡟1971ᖺ⛣Ẹἲ௨㝆࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫබᩥ᭩ྐᩱࢆ

ヲ⣽࡟᳨ウࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

୍᪉ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓྐᩱไ⣙ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊヲ⣽࡞ྐᩱศᯒࢆ⾜

ࡗࡓࡢࡀࠊ࣐࣮ࢡ࣭ࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࣀ࣮ࣛࣥ(Mark Robert Nolan)࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣀ࣮ࣛࣥࡣࠊ࢖

ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡢᨻ἞ࡢᔂቯࠊ࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢫࢺࡢᨻ἞࡬ࡢ⛣⾜ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ࢖ࢠ

ࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࢆㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ୺࡟1962ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ

⛣Ẹἲ௨㝆ࡢศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢫࢺࡢᨻ἞ࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊ࢖

࣮ࣀࢵࢡ࣭ࣃ࢚࢘ࣝ(Enoch Powell)࡜࠸ࡗࡓ཯⛣Ẹឤ᝟ࢆᡪືࡍࡿᨻ἞ᐙ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛

11 Hansen, R., Citizenship and immigration in post-war Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

12 Karatani Rieko, Defining British Citizenship, London: Routledge, 2003.

13 ➉㔝ෆ┿ᶞࠕ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹὶฟධ㸫ࡑࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢኚᐜ㸫ࠖ

ࠗ⥂⃽Ꮵㄽ㞟࠘ᮾி኱Ꮫ⤒῭Ꮫ఍ࠊ57ᕳ1ྕࠊ1991ᖺࠊ28㸫55㡫ࠋࡲࡓࠊࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࡜

ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ὾஭ࡶᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ὾஭♸୕Ꮚࠕ➨஧❶ ከẸ᪘࣭ከᩥ໬ᅜᐙ࢖ࢠ

ࣜࢫࠖᮌ⏿ὒ୍⦅ࠗ⌧௦ୡ⏺࡜࢖ࢠࣜࢫᖇᅜ࣑࠘ࢿࣦࣝ࢓᭩ᡣࠊ2007ᖺࠋ

7

࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡢᨻ἞ࡢ୰࡛ᢅࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⛣Ẹၥ㢟ࡀࠊࣃ࢚࢘

ࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ୍࡚ᗘᨻ἞ㄽதࡢሙ࡟ᘬࡁࡎࡾฟࡉࢀࠊࣄ࣮ࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚෌ࡧࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡢ㡿 ᇦ࡟ᡠࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ1970ᖺ௦ࡢ࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥປാඪᨻᶒ᫬ࡢ㛶൉࡜

ᐁ൉ࡢᑐ❧ࠊࡲࡓಖᏲඪࡀປാඪࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡟᫂☜࡞཯ᑐࢆᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ⛣Ẹၥ 㢟ࡀᨻ἞தⅬ໬ࡉࢀࠊ࣐࣮࢞ࣞࢵࢺ࣭ࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕ(Margaret Thatcher)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣏ࣆࣗ

ࣜࢫࢺⓗᨻ⟇ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋࡓ࡜ࡋࡓ¹⁴ࠋࣀ࣮ࣛࣥࡢ◊✲ࡣ 1970 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚ࠊᐁ൉ࠊ㛶൉཮᪉ࡢពᅗࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛ࠊᚓࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣀ࣮

ࣛࣥࡢ◊✲ࡣࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡢᨻ἞࠿ࡽ࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢫࢺ࡬ࡢᨻ἞ࡢ⛣⾜࡟↔Ⅼࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ

࡚࠾ࡾࠊᖇᅜ࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫయไࡢኚᐜ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊᖇᅜ࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝ

ࢫ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢኚᐜ࡟㔜ࡁࢆ⨨ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ㏣࠺ࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊᮏ

✏࡛ὀ┠ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣࠊෆ㛶࡜࠸࠺⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᨻᗓ࡜࠸

ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᨻ἞ᐙಶேࡢ⪃࠼ࡸࠊᨻ⟇ࡢ❧᱌ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿసᴗ㒊఍ࡢཧຍ⪅࡛࠶ࡿᐁ൉ࠊྛ

┬ᗇࡢᛮᝨࡀ◊✲ᑐ㇟࡜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊෆ㛶࡜࠸࠺⤌⧊ࡣࠊࡑࡢಶࠎேࡢᛮ᝿ࡸ

ྛ┬ᗇࡢ⌧ሙࡢ஦᝟ࢆ㚷ࡳ࡚ࠊ⥲ྜⓗ࡟ᨻ⟇ࡢุ᩿ࢆୗࡍሙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕࡀ㤳┦

࡟࡞ࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠊᡤㅝࢧࢵࢳࣕࣜࢬ࣒ࡢᨻ἞ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚୰ኸ㞟ᶒ໬ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࠊ 㛶㆟࡛ࡢ⮬⏤࡞ウ㆟ࡀᾘ⁛ࡋࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ¹⁵ࠊ1981 ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲࡣࢧࢵࢳ

ࣕࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ๓㠃࡟ᢲࡋฟࡉࢀࡿ๓࡟సࡽࢀࡓἲᚊ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㤳┦ಶேࡢពᚿࡢࡳࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ

࡚ฟ᮶ୖࡀࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ㛶㆟ཬࡧෆ㛶ጤဨ఍࡟↔

Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ෆ㛶ጤဨ఍ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓヂ

࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊసᴗ㒊఍ࡢศᯒࡢ⿵㊊ࡢࡼ࠺࡞఩⨨࡟㏣࠸ࡸࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢཷࡅࡽࢀ

ࡿࠋෆ㛶ጤဨ఍ࡣ㛶൉ཧຍࡢጤဨ఍࡛࠶ࡾࠊసᴗ㒊఍ࡢሗ࿌ࢆ⪺࠸࡚ࡑࢀࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࠊᨻ ᗓ࡟᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ሗ࿌ࢆࡍࡿᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿࠋෆ㛶ጤဨ఍ࡢỴᐃࡣ㛶㆟ྠᵝࡢᣊ᮰ຊࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾

ࡾࠊᨻᗓࡣᙧᘧⓗ࡞ᢎㄆࢆ⾜࡞࠺ࡔࡅ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ¹⁶ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᨻᗓࡢࠕ⛣Ẹࠖၥ㢟࡟

ᑐࡍࡿጼໃࢆ᳨ウࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿሙྜࠊෆ㛶ጤဨ఍࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ㏣࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜⪃

14 Nolan, Mark Robert, “Aspects of the New Commonwealth immigration question and its impacts. A study in policy making and elite politics, 1968-1981”, PhD thesis, University of Hull, 2013.

15 ᡞ⃝೺ḟࠕࢧࢵࢳࣕࣜࢬ࣒࡜ࣇ࢛࣮ࢡࣛࣥࢻᡓதࠖࠗឡ፾ἲᏛ఍㞧ㄅ࠘➨20ᕳ2ྕࠊ1993 ᖺࠊ29㡫ࠋ

16 ℈㔝㞝ኴࠕⱥᅜࡢෆ㛶ጤဨ఍ไᗘࠖᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ཬࡧ❧ἲ⪃ᰝᒁࠗࣞࣇ࢓ࣞࣥࢫ࠘727

ྕࠊ2011ᖺࠋ

8

࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ᮏ ✏ ࡛ ୺ ࡟ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ጤ ဨ ఍ ࡣ ࠊ ࢥ ࣔ ࣥ ࢘ ࢙ ࣝ ࢫ ⛣ Ẹ ጤ ဨ ఍(Commonwealth Migration Committee㸹CCM)(1960㸫1961)¹⁷ࠊ ࢥ ࣔ ࣥ ࢘ ࢙ ࣝ ࢫ ⛣ Ẹ ጤ ဨ ఍ (Commonwealth Immigration Committee㸹CI)(1964㸫1968)ࠊ⛣Ẹ࡜ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㛵 ಀ㛶൉ጤဨ఍(Ministerial Committee on Immigration and Community Relations㸹 IC)(1968㸫1974)ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㛵ಀ࡜⛣Ẹ㛵ಀ㛶൉ጤဨ఍(Ministerial Committee on Community Relations and Immigration㸹MCR)(1974㸫1976)࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ

⛣Ẹጤဨ఍(CCM)࡛ࡣࠊ኱ἲᐁࡀ㆟㛗ࢆົࡵࡓࠋࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹጤဨ఍(CI)࡛ࡣึ

ࡵࡣᯡᐦ㝔㆟㛗ࡀጤဨ఍ࡢ㆟㛗ࢆົࡵࡓࡀࠊ1966ᖺ11 ᭶࠿ࡽෆົ኱⮧ࡀ㆟㛗࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

⛣Ẹ࡜ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕㛵ಀ㛶൉ጤဨ఍(MCR)ࡢ㆟㛗ࡶෆົ኱⮧ࡀົࡵࡓࡀࠊ1976ᖺ௨㝆 ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇㛶൉㒊఍(Ministerial Group on Immigration Policy)

࡛ࡣࠊ㤳┦⮬ࡽࡀ㆟㛗ࢆົࡵࡓࠋ

ෆ㛶ጤဨ఍ࡣ㛶㆟࡜᭱⤊Ỵᐃࡢሙ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊෆ㛶ጤဨ఍ࡢࡳࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᨻ

⟇ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ⦎ࡾୖࡆࡿసᴗ㒊఍࡛ࡢලయⓗ㆟ㄽࡣ㏣࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊࢥࣔࣥ

࢙࢘ࣝࢫ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟㔜ࡁࢆ⨨࠸࡚ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢥ

࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫㅖᅜഃ࠿ࡽࡢពぢࡣぬ᭩࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡀࡗࡓሙྜ࡟ࡢࡳ▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉ

ࡽ࡟ࡣࠊᮏ✏ࡀᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿෆ㛶ጤဨ఍ࡣ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢഃ㠃ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⛣Ẹࡀ ὶධࡋࡓᆅᇦࡢᢪ࠼ࡿෆᐇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ࡣ㋃ࡳ㎸ࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣே✀㛵ಀ ᨻ⟇࡜ࡋู࡚࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ≉࡟ᡓᚋ㐕㏕

ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⛣Ẹၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓఫᏯၥ㢟࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ⛣Ẹᨻ

⟇࡜ே✀㛵ಀᨻ⟇࡜ࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㛵㐃ᛶࢆ㏣࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ศᯒࡣᮏ✏ࡢศᯒᑐ㇟࠿ࡽࡣእࢀ

ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

௨ୖࡢࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀෆ㛶ጤဨ఍ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡟ศᯒᑐ㇟ࢆ⤠ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ ෆ㛶࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ࠶ࡽࡺࡿពぢࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㞟⣙ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ㏣࠺ࠋෆ㛶ࡣᨻ

⟇࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗほⅬࢆᣢࡘᐁ൉࡜㐪࠸ࠊᅜෆእࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿពぢࢆ⥲ྜࡋ࡚≀஦ࢆุ

᩿ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ෭ᡓࠊ⬺᳜Ẹᆅ໬ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫయไࡢኚᐜ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜ㝿

ⓗ≧ἣࡶࠊ⤒῭ࡢ೵ࠊᛴ㏿࡞ከẸ᪘໬࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅜෆ≧ἣࡶど㔝࡟ධࢀ࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜

ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡟ᑐࡍࡿෆ㛶ࡢពᅗࢆ㏣࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ

17 1962ᖺ࠿ࡽᨻᶒ஺௦ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡣࠊࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹጤဨ఍(Commonwealth Immigration Committee; CCI)࡟ᨵኚࡉࢀࠊෆົ኱⮧ࡀ㆟㛗ࢆົࡵࡓࠋ

9

௒᪥ࡲ࡛⥆ࡃ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢ᤼௚ᛶࡸே✀ᕪูᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏ✏ࡢᵓᡂࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

➨୍❶࡛ࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ┤ᚋࡢࢡ࣓ࣞࣥࢺ࣭࢔ࢺ࣮ࣜ(Clement Attlee)ປാඪෆ㛶

࠿ࡽ࣐ࢡ࣑ࣛࣥಖᏲඪෆ㛶ࡲ࡛ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋᪧ᳜Ẹᆅ࠿ࡽ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡬ࡢ⛣Ẹ ࡢὶධࡣ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ┤ᚋ࠿ࡽၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᙼࡽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿἲⓗ࡞つไ ࡀึࡵ࡚ᑟධࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀࠊ࣐ࢡ࣑ࣛࣥಖᏲඪෆ㛶ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛➨୍❶࡛ࡣࠊ࢖

ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ὶධࡋࡓ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊཬࡧࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ♫఍ࡢ཯ᛂࠊࡑࡋ࡚❧ἲ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛

ࡢṔ௦ෆ㛶ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ

➨஧❶࡛ࡣࠊ1960 ᖺ௦༙ࡤࡢ࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥປാඪᨻᶒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡟

ࡘ࠸࡚ᢅ࠺ࠋປാඪࡣࠊ1962 ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲࢆே✀ᕪูⓗ࡜ᢈุࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᨻᶒ࡟ᑵ࠸࡚࠿ࡽࡣࠊⓑ᭩ࠕࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࠖ࡟ࡼࡿつไࢆ

⾜࠸ࠊ1968 ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲ࡛ࡣ⾑⤫୺⩏ࡢᑟධࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿධᅜつไ

ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᨻ⟇ࡣ࡞ࡐྲྀࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠋ࢘࢕ࣝࢯࣥປാඪෆ㛶 ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ

➨୕❶࡛ࡣࠊࣄ࣮ࢫಖᏲඪෆ㛶ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࣄ࣮ࢫಖᏲඪෆ㛶᫬࡟ไᐃࡉ

ࢀࡓ1971ᖺ⛣Ẹἲࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲู࡛ࠎ࡟⟶⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᕷẸ࡜እᅜே࡜

ࢆ୍ᣓ⟶⌮ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟⮬⏤࡟ධᅜ࡛ࡁᐃఫ࡛ࡁࡿᶒ฼ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ⪅ࢆࠕࣃࢺ

ࣜ࢔ࣝࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾑⤫୺⩏ⓗᇶ‽࡛㑅ูࡍࡿἲᚊࡔࡗࡓࠋ1971 ᖺ⛣Ẹἲࡣࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝ

ࢫ⛣Ẹࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᨻ⟇ࡢ㞟኱ᡂ࡜ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ¹⁸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢࠕࣃࢺࣜ࢔ࣝࠖつᐃࡣࠊ 1973 ᖺ⛣Ẹつ๎࡟ࡼࡾᣑ኱ࡍࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᨻ⟇ࡀ࡞ࡐྲྀࡽࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࢆࠊ➨୕❶᳨࡛ウ ࡍࡿࠋ

➨ᅄ❶࡛ࡣࠊ1971 ᖺ⛣Ẹἲ࡜࠸࠺኱ࡁ࡞㌿᥮Ⅼࢆ⤒࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋࢆᘬࡁ⥅࠸ࡔ࢘࢕ࣝ

ࢯࣥࠊࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ࣭࢟ࣕࣛࣁࣥ(James Callaghan)ປാඪෆ㛶ࠊཬࡧ1981ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ ᅜ⡠ἲࢆไᐃࡋࡓࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕෆ㛶ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࢆ㏣࠺ࠋ1971 ᖺ⛣Ẹἲࡣ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢᑐࢥ

࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᨻ⟇ࡢ㞟኱ᡂ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟⛣Ẹἲࡢᨵṇࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡼ

࠺࡞᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ⛣Ẹၥ㢟࡜ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࠊၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜ືࢆ

࡜ࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ᅜ⡠ἲᨵṇࡢ㆟ㄽࡀάⓎ໬ࡋࠊࢧࢵࢳ࣮ࣕಖᏲඪ ෆ㛶࡟ࡼࡗ࡚1981ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲࡀไᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣఱ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ➨ᅄ❶

18 ᐑෆ⣖Ꮚࠕ➨஧ḟ኱ᡓᚋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜ⡠ᴫᛕࡢᵓ㐀㌿᥮㸸ᅜ⡠ἲ⏕ᚐฟධᅜ⟶⌮ἲไ ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽࠖ㛵すᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ༤ኈㄽᩥࠊ2013ᖺࠊ22㡫ࠋ

10

࡛ࡣ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ࠸ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ

ࡑࡋ࡚᭱ᚋ࡟⤖ㄽࢆ㏙࡭ࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡀ௒᪥ࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᤼௚ᛶ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⧅ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࠿ࢆ

᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ

11

➨୍❶ࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻࠖ⛣Ẹࡢὶධ࡜ὶධつไἲࡢᑟධ¹⁹ ᗎ

ᮏ❶ࡣࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋᨻᶒ㐠Ⴀࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࢔ࢺ࣮ࣜປാඪෆ㛶࠿ࡽࠊ࣐ࢡ࣑ࣛࣥಖ Ᏺඪෆ㛶ࡲ࡛ࡢ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ࣐ࢡ࣑ࣛࣥಖᏲඪෆ㛶࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᑟධࡉࢀࡓ 1962 ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲࡣୖ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᕷẸ࡟ᑐࡍࡿධ ᅜ⟶⌮ཬࡧࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᕷẸࡢ≢⨥⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅜእ㏣ᨺࢆつᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢἲᚊࡢୗࠊ ᑵປ┠ⓗ࡛ධᅜࡍࡿࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᕷẸࠊ≉࡟ࠊᮍ⇍⦎ປാ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ὶධࢆつไࡋࡓࠋ 1962 ᖺἲࡢไᐃ⌮⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫᕷẸࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࡶᮍ⇍⦎ປാ⪅ࢆつ ไᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜෆࡢኻᴗ⪅ࡀቑ኱ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓ≧ἣࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ⛣

Ẹປാ⪅ࢆࡇࢀ௨ୖὶධࡉࡏࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ⤒῭ⓗせᅉࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡸࡍ

࠸²⁰ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⌧ᐇ࡟ࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜෆࡢປാຊ୙㊊ࡣ⥆࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊእᅜே࡟ᑐࡍࡿປ

ാチྍドࡣ1969ᖺ࡟ࡣ68,000㏻ࡶⓎ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ²¹ࠋࡲࡓࠊ1962ᖺἲࡣࠊつไᑐ㇟

࡜࡞ࡗࡓᮍ⇍⦎ປാ⪅ࡀ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᐜ᫆࡟᝿ീࡉࢀࡿⅬࠊ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣

Ẹࡼࡾࡶὶධᩘࡢከ࠸࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻඹ࿴ᅜᕷẸࢆᑐ㇟እ࡜ࡋࡓⅬ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᙜ᫬ࡢ㆟఍

ࡸ᪂⪺࠿ࡽே✀ᕪูⓗᛶ᱁ࢆᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓࠋ࡛ࡣࠊປാຊࡀᚲせ࡞᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ࡞ࡐ࣐ࢡ࣑ࣛ

ࣥಖᏲඪෆ㛶ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே✀ᕪูⓗ࡞ἲᚊࢆไᐃࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࠋࡇࡢἲᚊ࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ 㢟ࢆゎỴࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ

ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࡲࡎࠊ➨୍⠇࡛➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ὶධࡋࡓ⛣Ẹ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋࠊ

⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࢖ࢠࣜࢫ♫఍ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞཯ᛂࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ➨஧⠇࡛ࡣࠊ➨஧ḟ ୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋ࡟ᡂ❧ࡋࡓ࢔ࢺ࣮ࣜປാඪෆ㛶࠿ࡽ࢔ࣥࢯࢽ࣮࣭࢖࣮ࢹࣥ(Anthony Eden) ಖᏲඪෆ㛶ࡲ࡛ࠊ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㐙⾜ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚➨୕⠇

࡛ࠊ࣐ࢡ࣑ࣛࣥಖᏲඪෆ㛶ࡀࠊ⛣Ẹၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᳨ウࡋࠊ1962 ᖺࢥࣔࣥ࢘

࢙ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹἲࡢไᐃ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ

➨୍⠇ ࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻࠖ⛣Ẹࡢὶධ࡜࢖ࢠࣜࢫ♫఍ࡢኚᐜ

19 ᮏ❶ࡣࠊᣋ✏ࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹၥ㢟ࡢኚᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸫1950ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ1960ᖺ௦ึ㢌ࢆ

୰ᚰ࡟ࠖࠗすὒྐ◊✲࠘᪂㍴➨42ྕࠊ2013ᖺࠊ130㸫156㡫ࠋ࡟ຍ➹ಟṇࡋࡓ㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

20 ୰ᕝΎࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡬ࡢ⛣ẸࡢṔྐⓗᴫᛕ̿⛣Ẹἲࡢኚ㑄ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚̿ࠖぢᇛᖾ㞝ᩍᤵ㡴ᑑ グᛕ/ぢᇛᖾ㞝ඛ⏕㡴ᑑグᛕ஦ᴗ఍⦅ࠗἲไ࡜ᩥ໬࠘ࠊ1999ᖺࠊ191㸫211㡫ࠋ

21 ᯶㇂฼ᜨᏊࠕ➨ᅄ❶ ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇࡜ᅜẸᅜᐙ̿࢖ࢠࣜࢫᖇᅜࡢ⾶㏥࡜୍஑භ஧ᖺࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝ

ࢫ⛣Ẹἲࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽ̿ࠖᑠ಴඘ኵ⦅ࠗᅜ㝿⛣ືㄽ ⛣Ẹ࣭⛣ືࡢᅜ㝿♫఍Ꮫ࠘ᒣᕊ᭩ᡣࠊ 1997ᖺࠊ136㡫ࠋ

12 (1)⛣Ẹࡢὶධ࡜ࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࠖࡢ≉Ṧᛶ

➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟ὶධࡍࡿ⛣Ẹࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡣࠊ୺࡟୕ࡘ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ

➨୍࡟࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࠊ➨஧࡟࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࠊࡑࡋ࡚➨୕࡟ࠊ᳜Ẹᆅ࣭

᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࠊᡤㅝࠕ࣮࢝ࣛࢻࠖ⛣Ẹ࡛࠶ࡿ²²ࠋ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ ࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ୰ࡢ࣏࣮ࣛࣥࢻ㌷ே࡜ࡑࡢᐙ᪘ࡸࠊす࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࠊ༡࣮ࣚ

ࣟࢵࣃ࠿ࡽࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᚿ㢪ປാ⪅ィ⏬㸦European Volunteer Workers Scheme㸧࡟

ࡼࡿ⛣Ẹࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣປാ┬ࡢཝ㔜࡞⟶⌮ࡢୗ࡛ປാຊࡢ୙㊊ࡋࡓ⏘ᴗ࡟ᑵᴗ ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ࡯࠿ࠊࣘࢲࣖே࡞࡝ࡢእᅜேࡣእᅜேἲࡢୗ࡛ධᅜ⟶⌮ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ²³ࠋࡑ

ࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᮏᅜ࡟⮬⏤࡟ධᅜ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡀࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࡜ᖇᅜ࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘

ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡣ1800ᖺྜྠἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟

⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚௨᮶ࠊᅜෆ⛣ື࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⛣Ẹࡣ18ୡ⣖ᚋ༙࠿ࡽ

኱つᶍ࡟ὶධࡋࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡓ²⁴ࠋ

ᖇᅜ࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ⮧Ẹ࡜ࡋ࡚ᖇᅜෆࢆ⮬⏤࡟ධᅜࡋᐃఫ

࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᶒ฼ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ18 ୡ⣖࠿ࡽ⥆ࡃࡇࡢᶒ฼ࡣࠊᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺

࡟ࠊ1948ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲ(British Nationality Act, 1948)࡛෌☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ➨஧ḟୡ

⏺኱ᡓ௨㝆ࡇࡢᶒ฼ࢆ≉࡟⾜౑ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊ᳜Ẹᆅ࣭᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࠊ࢝ࣛ

࠙⾲1ࠚ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹ⥲ᩘࡢ᥎⛣(1901㸫1971ᖺ)(༢఩㸸ே)

ᐩᒸḟ㑻ࠗ⌧௦࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹປാ⪅ ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㈨ᮏ୺⩏࡜ே✀ᕪู࠘᫂▼᭩ᗑࠊ1988ᖺࠊ 36㡫ࠋࢭࣥࢧࢫฟ඾ࠋ(1931ᖺࠊ51ᖺࡣ࢖ࣥࢢࣛࣥࢻ࣭࢙࣮࢘ࣝࢬࡢࡳࠊ1961ᖺ௨㝆ࡣࢢ

࣮ࣞࢻ࣭ࣈࣜࢸࣥࡢ㞟ィࠊ1961ᖺ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⣔ࠊ1966ᖺ⥲ேཱྀࠊ1971ᖺ⥲ேཱྀࡣᴫ⟬)

22 ὶධᩘࡣ⾲1ࢆཧ↷ࠋ

23 ୰ᕝࠊ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠊ197㡫ࠋ

24 ྠୖࠊ195㸫197㡫ࠋ

ᪧ䝁䝰䞁䜴䜵䝹䝇 ᪂䝁䝰䞁䜴䜵䝹䝇

㻝㻥㻜㻝 㻞㻝㻘㻡㻞㻣㻘㻤㻠㻟 㻥㻜㻢㻘㻜㻟㻥 㻠㻞㻢㻘㻡㻢㻡 㻟㻠㻟㻘㻟㻤㻞

㻝㻥㻝㻝 㻞㻢㻘㻜㻣㻜㻘㻠㻥㻣 㻥㻝㻣㻘㻝㻠㻤 㻟㻣㻡㻘㻟㻞㻡 㻤㻟㻘㻡㻞㻠 㻣㻣㻘㻥㻣㻤 㻟㻤㻜㻘㻟㻞㻝

㻝㻥㻞㻝 㻞㻣㻘㻤㻤㻢㻘㻢㻥㻥 㻥㻜㻟㻘㻡㻜㻡 㻟㻢㻠㻘㻣㻠㻣 㻢㻢㻘㻠㻣㻜 㻝㻟㻣㻘㻥㻥㻢 㻟㻟㻠㻘㻞㻥㻞

㻝㻥㻟㻝 㻟㻥㻘㻥㻡㻞㻘㻟㻣㻣 㻥㻝㻤㻘㻟㻝㻡 㻟㻤㻝㻘㻜㻤㻥 㻢㻥㻘㻤㻜㻡 㻝㻡㻡㻘㻤㻣㻥 㻟㻝㻝㻘㻡㻠㻞

㻝㻥㻡㻝 㻠㻟㻘㻣㻡㻤㻘㻤㻤㻤 㻝㻘㻡㻥㻞㻘㻜㻡㻜 㻢㻞㻣㻘㻜㻞㻝 㻤㻣㻘㻥㻡㻣 㻞㻟㻝㻘㻡㻞㻥 㻢㻠㻡㻘㻡㻠㻟

㻝㻥㻢㻝 㻡㻝㻘㻞㻤㻟㻘㻤㻥㻞 㻞㻘㻟㻢㻡㻘㻤㻟㻜 㻤㻣㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻝㻜㻘㻟㻞㻥 㻡㻤㻝㻘㻠㻞㻥 㻤㻜㻠㻘㻜㻣㻞

㻝㻥㻢㻢 㻡㻞㻘㻟㻜㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻢㻡㻥㻘㻝㻟㻜 㻤㻣㻤㻘㻡㻟㻜 㻝㻝㻠㻘㻢㻢㻜 㻤㻞㻣㻘㻢㻡㻜 㻤㻟㻤㻘㻞㻥㻜

㻝㻥㻣㻝 㻡㻟㻘㻥㻤㻣㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻟㻘㻞㻟㻝㻘㻣㻟㻡 㻥㻡㻣㻘㻤㻟㻜 㻝㻠㻞㻘㻤㻞㻡 㻝㻘㻝㻡㻝㻘㻜㻥㻜 㻥㻣㻥㻘㻥㻥㻜

⮬἞㡿䞉᳜Ẹᆅ

⥲ேཱྀ ⛣Ẹ⥲ᩘ 䜰䜲䝹䝷䞁䝗⣔

㻔໭䜰䜲䝹䝷䞁䝗䜢ྵ䜐㻕 ௚䛾ㅖእᅜ⏕䜎䜜

13

࠙⾲2ࠚ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹ୺せᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⣧ὶධᩘ(1955ᖺ㸫1961ᖺ)(༢఩㸸ே)

ͤ1961ᖺࡣࠊ1᭶࠿ࡽ8᭶ࡲ࡛ࡢྜィࠋ

CCM(61)2, Progress Report of Inter-departmental Working Party on the Social and Economic Problems Arising from the growing influx into the United Kingdom of Coloured Workers from other Commonwealth Countries, 1 February 1961, pp3 – 5.

CAB134/1469. (1955 – 1960ᖺ)ࠋCCM(61)11, Report by the Interdepartmental Working Party Note by the Secretaries, 27 September 1961, p.2. CAB134/1469. (1961ᖺࡢࡳ)ࠋ

࠙⾲3ࠚ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹ୺せᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ⣧ὶධᩘ(1960 ᖺ8᭶㸫1961 ᖺ8᭶)(༢఩㸸

ே)

CCM(61)11, Report by the Interdepartmental Working Party Note by the Secretaries, 27 September 1961, p.2. CAB134/1469.

す䜲䞁䝗ㅖᓥ 䜲䞁䝗 䝟䜻䝇䝍䞁

㻝㻥㻡㻡 㻞㻣㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻢㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻘㻤㻜㻜

㻝㻥㻡㻢 㻞㻥㻘㻤㻜㻜 㻡㻘㻡㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜

㻝㻥㻡㻣 㻞㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻢㻘㻢㻜㻜 㻡㻘㻞㻜㻜

㻝㻥㻡㻤 㻝㻡㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻢㻘㻞㻜㻜 㻠㻘㻣㻜㻜

㻝㻥㻡㻥 㻝㻢㻘㻠㻜㻜 㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻤㻢㻜

㻝㻥㻢㻜 㻡㻜㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻢㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜

㻝㻥㻢㻝 㻠㻟㻘㻢㻡㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻠㻣㻜 㻝㻟㻘㻝㻠㻜

14

࣮ࢻ⛣Ẹࡔࡗࡓ²⁵ࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᭱ࡶ᪩ࡃ኱つᶍ࡟ὶධࡋࡓࡢࡣす࢖ࣥࢻㅖᓥ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ

࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣⱥㄒࢆẕㄒ࡜ࡋ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍࢆಙ௮ࡋࠊྠ໬࡟⇕ᚰࡔࡗࡓ²⁶ࠋᙼࡽࡢὶධ ࡢࣉࢵࢩࣗせᅉ࡟ࡣࠊす࢖ࣥࢻㅖᓥࡢᅜࠎࡢ㧗࠸ኻᴗ⋡ࡸேཱྀቑຍ⋡ࠊ1952 ᖺ࢔࣓ࣜ

࡛࢝ไᐃࡉࢀࡓ࣐ࢵ࣭࢛࢝ࣛࣥ࢘ࣝࢱ࣮ἲ(McCarran– Walter Act, 1952)ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᣲࡆ

ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ²⁷ࠋ࢖ࣥࢻࠊࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡣ 1950ᖺ௦ᚋ༙࠿ࡽቑຍࡋࠊ୍ᗘῶᑡ ࡋࡓࡀࠊ1960ᖺ௦ึ㢌࡟ᛴቑࡋࡓࠋᙼࡽࡢὶධࡢࣉࢵࢩࣗせᅉࡣࠊ1947ᖺࡢ࢖ࣥࢻ࣭

ࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥศ㞳⊂❧ࡢ㝿ࡢேཱྀ⛣ືࠊ≉࡟ࠊࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡢሙྜࡣ1960ᖺࡢ

࣐ࣥࢢࣛࢲ࣒ᘓタ࡟ࡼࡿ࢔࣮ࢨ࣮ࢻ࣭࢝ࢩ࣑࣮ࣝᆅ᪉ࡢ 250 ࡢᮧࡢỈἐࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ

28ࠋ࢖ࣥࢻ⣔⛣Ẹࡣ୺࡟ࢩ࣮ࢡᩍᚐࡸࣄࣥࢬ࣮ᩍᚐࠊࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ⣔⛣Ẹࡣ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍᚐ

࡛ࠊ⊂⮬ࡢゝㄒࠊ⏕ά⩦័ࡸఏ⤫ࢆ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ♫఍࡟ᣢࡕ㎸ࢇࡔࠋ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࡸ࢟ࣉࣟࢫ࠿

ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹࡢὶධࡶぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ1962 ᖺἲࡲ࡛࡟ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ୺࡟ࡇࢀࡽࡢேࠎ

࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡇࡇ࡛ࠊ⾲1ࡼࡾ1961ᖺࡢ⛣Ẹ⥲ᩘࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ⣙

580,000ே࡟ᑐࡋࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⛣Ẹࡣ⣙870,000ேࡔࡗࡓࠋὶධᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࢔࢖ࣝࣛ

ࣥࢻ⛣Ẹࡢ᪉ࡀከ࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣࠊே✀ࡸ⫙ࡢⰍࡢ㐪

࠸ࡢࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢔࢖ࣝࣛࣥࢻ⛣Ẹࡼࡾࡶ␗㉁࡞Ꮡᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚♫఍࡟ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(2)࢖ࢠࣜࢫ♫఍ࡢኚ໬

➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࡢ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡛ࡣࠊேཱྀቑຍ⋡ࡢపୗࠊᡓ᫬୰ࡢປാ⪅ࡢ⫋ሙ㞳⬺࡞

࡝ࢆ⌮⏤࡟ࠊປാ⪅୙㊊ࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ²⁹ࠋᨻᗓࡣࡑࡢゎỴࡢࡓࡵ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᚿ㢪 ປാ⪅ィ⏬ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ᑟධࡋࡓࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿ࡎࠊ1950 ᖺ௦࡟ቑຍࡋࡓ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡀ 㔜せ࡞ປാຊ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋⱥㄒࡀẕㄒࡢす࢖ࣥࢻㅖᓥ⣔⛣Ẹࡣࠊ୺࡟⑓㝔┳ㆤ⫋ࡸ஺㏻࣭

㐠㍺⏘ᴗ࡟ᚑ஦ࡋࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ࣭ࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ⣔ࡢ⛣Ẹࡣࠊ୺࡟ᕤᴗປാ⪅࡜࡞ࡗࡓ³⁰ࠋ୙ᬒ Ẽ࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹつไ᥎㐍ὴࡣᮏᅜᕷẸࡢ௙஦ࢆዣࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᙼࡽࢆᢈุࡋࡓ

25 ὶධᩘࡣ⾲2ࠊ⾲3ཧ↷ࠋ

26 ᐩᒸḟ㑻ࠗ⌧௦࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ⛣Ẹປാ⪅࠘᫂▼᭩ᗑࠊ1988ᖺࠊ24㡫ࠋ

27 ୰ᕝࠊ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠊ199㡫ࠋ࣐ࢵ࣭࢛࢝ࣛࣥ࢘ࣝࢱ࣮ἲ࡜ࡣࠊ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝1952ᖺ࡟ᡂ❧ࡋࡓ ἲᚊࠋ1924ᖺ⛣Ẹἲ࡛ᑟධࡉࢀࡓᅜู⛣Ẹᩘ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ไᗘ(Quota System)ࢆᙉ໬ࡋࠊྛᅜ࠿

ࡽࡢධᅜ⪅ᩘࢆ1920ᖺࡢᅜໃㄪᰝ࡛ࡢேཱྀᩘࡢ1㸣ࡢ6ศࡢ1࡜ࡋࡓࠋᯇᮧ㉰,ᐩ⏣⹡⏨⦅ⴭ

ࠗⱥ⡿ྐ㎡඾࠘◊✲♫ࠊ2000ᖺࠊ40㡫ࠋ

28 ࣒ࣁ࣐ࣥࢻ࣭࢔ࣥ࣡ࣝࠗ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ୰ࡢࣃ࢟ࢫࢱࣥ࠘᫂▼᭩ᗑࠊ2002ᖺࠊ22㡫ࠋ

29 ᮌ⏿ὒ୍ࠗᨭ㓄ࡢ௦ൾ࠘ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍ࠊ1987ᖺࠊ249㡫ࠋ

30 ὾஭ࠊ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠊ2007ᖺࠊ68㡫ࠋ

15

31ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᐇ㝿࡟ኻᴗࡋࡓᮏᅜᕷẸ࡜࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡢᴗ✀ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊᮏᅜປാ⪅࠿ࡽ

ࡢᢈุࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ୖࡀࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ³²ࠋࡑࡢ࠺࠼ࠊ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡣ௙஦ࢆዣ࠺࡝ࡇࢁ࠿┿

ࡗඛ࡟ゎ㞠ࡉࢀࡓࠋ1958ᖺ࠿ࡽ1959ᖺࡢ୙ᬒẼ᫬࡟ࡣࠊࢢࣛࣇ 1ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢝

࣮ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡢኻᴗ⪅ᩘࡀቑ኱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࠊࡑࡢ஦ᐇࢆఛ࠼ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ࢖ࢠࣜ

ࢫࡣ᏶඲㞠⏝ࡢ᫬௦࡛ࠊᬒẼࡀୖྥࡅࡤࡍࡄ࡟ປാຊ࡜ࡋ࡚྾཰ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ㒔ᕷ㒊ࡣࠊ⏘ᴗ㠉࿨ࡸ஧ᗘࡢୡ⏺኱ᡓࡢᙳ㡪࡛ࠊఫᏯ୙㊊࡜㐣ᐦ࡟ᝎࢇ

࡛࠸ࡓࠋ≉࡟➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓࡢᙳ㡪ࡣᙉࡃࠊ⤊ᡓ᫬ࡢఫᏯ୙㊊ᩘࡣ135୓ᡞ࡜ぢ✚ࡶ

ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ³³ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ⤊ᡓᚋࡣఫᏯ୙㊊ࢆ࠸࠿࡟ゎᾘࡍࡿ࠿ࡀ⥭ᛴⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࡞

ࡗࡓࠋఫᏯᘓタᡞᩘࢆ㧗Ỉ‽࡛⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀປാඪࠊಖᏲඪ཮᪉ࡢ┠ᶆ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ㑅 ᣲබ⣙࡟ࡣᘓタ┠ᶆࡀᩘ್࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖࡆࡽࢀఫᏯᘓタᡞᩘ➇தࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ³⁴ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ

CCM(61)2, Progress Report by the Interdepartmental Working Party Note by the Secretaries, Annex 3, 7 February 1961, CAB134/1469. TNA.

31 ᮌ⏿ࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ1987ᖺࠊ259㡫ࠋ

32 ㆙ᐹ࠿ࡽࡢሗ࿌࡟ࡼࡿࠋCCM(61)2, Progress Report by the Interdepartmental Working Party Note by the Secretaries, 7 February 1961, CAB134/1469. TNA.

33 ୗ⥲⸅ࠗ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ኱つᶍࢽ࣮ࣗࢱ࢘ࣥ࠘ᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍ࠊ1975ᖺࠊ16㸫17㡫ࠋ

34 ㇏Ọ㑳Ꮚࠗ᪂∧ ࢧࢵࢳࣕࣜࢬ࣒ࡢୡ⣖ స⏝ࡢᨻ἞Ꮫ࡬࠘ວⲡ᭩ᡣࠊ2010ᖺࠊ71㸫73㡫ࠋ

16

࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡢὶධࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓఫᏯ୙㊊࡟ᢿ㌴ࢆ࠿ࡅࡓࠋఫᏯ୙㊊ࡣ୺࡟㞠⏝ࡢከ࠸

㒔ᕷ㒊࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㒔ᕷ㒊࡟ࡣ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᮏᅜᕷẸࡶὶධࡋ࡚࠸

ࡓࡀࠊ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡀࡼࡾၥ㢟どࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊᙼࡽࡢ㞟ఫഴྥ࡜ࡑࡇ࡛⏕ࡌ

ࡿ㐣ᐦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ³⁵ࠋ㐣ᐦࡢཎᅉࡣࠊ1957ᖺᐙ㈤ἲ(Rent Act, 1957)࡜ᙼࡽ࡬ࡢᕪูࡀᣲ ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ1957ᖺᐙ㈤ἲࡣධᒃ⪅஺௦᫬ࡢᐙ㈤್ୖࡆࢆㄆࡵࡓἲᚊ࡛࠶ࡾࠊẸ㛫㈤㈚

ఫᏯࡢᘓタពḧࢆ㧗ࡵࡿពᅗࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊẸ㛫ᐙ୺ࡣᐙ㈤⤫ไࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀᏑᅾ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㝈ࡾ㈤㈚࡛ࡣඈ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡋࠊ㈤㈚ఫᏯࢆᣢࡕᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚኎༷ࡋࡓࠋࡲ

ࡓࠊᐙ㈤ࢆୖࡆࡿࡓࡵ࡟೉ᐙேࢆ㏣࠸ฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡋࠊ❧㏥ࡁࡸᐙ㈤ቑ㢠ࢆᣄྰࡍࡿ೉ᐙ

ேࡢ㒊ᒇ࡬ࡈࡳࡸࡡࡎࡳࡢṚ㧁ࢆࡤࡽࡲ࠸ࡓࡾࠊᭀຊⓗ࡟㏣࠸ฟࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿẸ㛫ᐙ୺

ࡶᏑᅾࡋࡓ³⁶ࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊ᪂ࡋࡃධᒃࡍࡿ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊⓑேࡼࡾࡶ୍ᒙ㧗

࠸㈤ᩱࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓ³⁷ࠋࡲࡓࠊබⓗᶵ㛵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊே✀ᕪูࡣᏑᅾࡋࠊ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹ ࡀබႠఫᏯࢆ೉ࡾࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣࠊ⮬἞య࠿ࡽᚅᶵࣜࢫࢺ࡬ࡢⓏ㘓࡟㛵ࡍࡿ༑ศ࡞

᝟ሗࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡣࠊ㧗࠸㈤ᩱ

ࢆᡶ࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࠊఫᏯࡢ୍㒊ࢆ௚ே࡟㈚ࡋࡓࡾୗᐟேࢆ⨨࠸ࡓࡾࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㐣 ᐦࢆᣍ࠸ࡓࠋ㐣ᐦ≧ែ࡛ࡣ⤥‮࣭⤥Ỉタഛ࡞࡝ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞࢔࣓ࢽࢸ࢕ࢆ༑ศ࡟౑࠼

ࡎࠊ୙⾨⏕࡞⎔ቃࢆ⏕ࡳࡸࡍ࠿ࡗࡓ³⁸ࠋᨻᗓࡣ1961ᖺ࡟ఫᏯἲ࡜බ⾗⾨⏕ἲ(Public Health Act, 1961)ࢆไᐃࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ≧ἣࡢᨵၿࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓ³⁹ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊබႠఫᏯࠊẸ 㛫ఫᏯࡢᘓタࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ㐣ᐦఫᏯᒃఫ⪅ࡢ᪂ᒃ࡬ࡢ㌿ฟࡶᅔ㞴ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡓఫᏯၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㒔ᕷ㒊࡬ࡢ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡢᛴቑࡣࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᨻᗓࡢఫᏯᨻ⟇

ࡢ㞀ᐖ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹࡢ㞟ఫ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ኱⾗ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣᒁᆅⓗ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊᨻᗓࡣ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢ୍

ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ♫఍࡟ࡣྂࡃ࠿ࡽே✀ᕪูឤ᝟ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ἞

35 ᐩᒸࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ1988ᖺࠊ250㡫ࠋྠฟ㌟ᆅᇦࡢேࠎ࡛⩌ࢀࢆ࡞ࡍഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊす࢖ࣥࢻㅖ ᓥࡢࣔࣥࢺࢭࣛࢵࢺ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ3,000ேࡀྠᆅ༊࡟ᒃఫࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ౛࡟ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࣃ

࢟ࢫࢱࣥ⣔⛣Ẹࡢᣑ኱ᐙ᪘ࠊྜྠᐙ᪘ᙧែࢆዲࡴഴྥ(࣒ࣁ࣐ࣥࢻ࣭࢔ࣥ࣡ࣝࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ51㡫)

ࡶࡇࢀ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹࡢྛᆅᇦ࡬ࡢὶධ⪅ᩘࡣ⾲4ཧ↷ࠋ

36 ࣛࢵࢡ࣐ࢽࢬ࣒࡜࿧ࡤࢀࠊ♫఍ၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋෆ⏣຾୍ࠕᡓᚋ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿఫᏯἲ ไࡢᒎ㛤࡜ᨻ⟇ࠖࠗẚ㍑ἲᏛ࠘17ᕳ1ྕࠊ1983ᖺࠊ20㡫ࠋ

37 ఫᏯ㉎ධࡢ㝿ࡶྠᵝࡔࡗࡓࠋᐩᒸࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ1992ᖺࠊ30㡫ࠋ

38 1960ᖺࡢẸ㛫㈤㈚ఫᏯୡᖏ࡛ࠊᑓ⏝ᾎᐊࡢᑓ⏝ࡣ36%ࠊඹ⏝25%ࠊ࡞ࡋࡀ39%ࠊᐊෆ౽ᡤ

ࡣࠊᑓ⏝58%ࠊඹ⏝39%ࠊ࡞ࡋࡀ3%࡛࠶ࡿࠋReport of the Committee on Housing in Greater London, Cmnd.2605, London, HMSO, 1965. Table 5.1. p.109.

39 ෆ⏣ࠊ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠊ28㡫ࠋ

17

⾲4᪂ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫ⛣Ẹࡢᆅᇦศᕸᴫ⟬(1960ᖺ) (༢఩㸸ே) ͤ㆙ᐹ࡟ࡼࡿᴫ⟬ࠋᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡾᏛ⏕ࡸᏊ౪ࢆྵࡲࡎ(ྵࡵࡓᆅᇦࡣ୙᫂)ࠋ CCM(61)2, Progress Report by the Interdepartmental Working Party Note by the Secretaries, Annex 1, 7 February 1961, CAB134/1469.

⾜ᨻ⟶༊㆙ᐹ⟶㎄༊ᇦす䜲䞁䝗ㅖᓥ⣔䜲䞁䝗䞉 䝟䜻䝇䝍䞁⣔ᮾ䜰䝣䝸䜹⣔す䜰䝣䝸䜹⣔䜰䝕䞁⣔௚⥲ᩘ 䝻䞁䝗䞁䝻䞁䝗䞁㻢㻢㻘㻜㻜㻜㻝㻠㻘㻡㻜㻜㻢㻘㻡㻜㻜㻝㻥㻘㻜㻜㻜㻙㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜㻝㻜㻥㻘㻜㻜㻜 ᮾ㒊䝧䝑䝗䝣䜷䞊䝗㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜㻤㻡㻜㻞㻜㻡㻜㻝㻜㻟㻜㻝㻘㻥㻢㻜 ༡す䝤䝸䝇䝖䝹㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜㻝㻡㻜㻙㻙㻙㻝㻡㻜㻞㻘㻟㻜㻜 ༡ᮾ䝞䝑䜻䞁䜺䝮䝅䝱䞊㻞㻘㻢㻜㻜㻥㻜㻜㻢㻜㻝㻠㻜㻙㻡㻜㻟㻘㻣㻡㻜 䝃䜴䝃䞁䝥䝖䞁㻡㻡㻜㻠㻜㻜㻝㻜㻜㻝㻣㻜㻤㻜㻞㻜㻜㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜 す䝭䝗䝷䞁䝗䝞䞊䝭䞁䜺䝮㻞㻢㻘㻜㻜㻜㻥㻘㻜㻜㻜㻙㻟㻜㻜㻝㻘㻞㻜㻜㻠㻜㻜㻟㻢㻘㻥㻜㻜 䝁䞂䜵䞁䝖䝸䞊㻞㻘㻟㻜㻜㻟㻘㻤㻜㻜㻙㻡㻜㻙㻙㻢㻘㻝㻡㻜 䝇䝍䝑䝣䜷䞊䝗㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜㻞㻘㻥㻜㻜㻙㻡㻜㻠㻜㻝㻜㻢㻘㻜㻜㻜 䜴䜷䝹䝞䞊䝝䞁䝥䝖䞁㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜㻥㻜㻜㻙㻙㻙㻝㻜㻜㻠㻘㻜㻜㻜 ᮾ䝭䝗䝷䞁䝗䝎䞊䝡䞊㻝㻘㻣㻡㻜㻝㻘㻢㻡㻜㻝㻜㻝㻞㻜㻝㻜㻣㻜㻟㻘㻢㻝㻜 䝺䝇䝍䞊㻝㻘㻜㻜㻜㻝㻘㻜㻡㻜㻙㻙㻙㻙㻞㻘㻜㻡㻜 䝜䝑䝔䜱䞁䜺䝮㻡㻘㻣㻜㻜㻞㻘㻜㻜㻜㻙㻞㻡㻜㻙㻙㻣㻘㻥㻡㻜 ໭す䝷䞁䜹䝅䝱䞊㻤㻜㻜㻡㻜㻜㻝㻝㻜㻞㻢㻜㻝㻡㻜㻣㻜㻝㻘㻤㻥㻜 䝸䝞䝥䞊䝹㻝㻘㻠㻜㻜㻟㻜㻜㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜㻟㻜㻜㻝㻘㻡㻜㻜㻢㻘㻡㻜㻜 䝬䞁䝏䜵䝇䝍䞊㻣㻘㻜㻜㻜㻝㻘㻝㻜㻜㻠㻜㻞㻘㻡㻜㻜㻝㻜㻞㻜㻜㻝㻜㻘㻤㻡㻜 ໭ᮾ䝙䝳䞊䜹䝑䝇䝹㻥㻜㻣㻟㻜㻠㻜㻝㻜㻜㻙㻝㻟㻜㻝㻘㻜㻥㻜 䝃䜴䝇㻌䝅䞊䝹䝈㻝㻜㻝㻜㻜㻝㻜㻞㻜㻟㻡㻜㻝㻜㻜㻡㻥㻜 䝶䞊䜽䝅䝱䞊䝤䝷䝑䝗䝣䜷䞊䝗㻟㻡㻜㻣㻘㻜㻜㻜㻟㻜㻟㻜㻝㻜㻙㻣㻘㻠㻞㻜 䝝䝎䞊䝇䝣䜱䞊䝹䝗㻠㻘㻜㻜㻜㻢㻜㻜㻙㻙㻙㻙㻠㻘㻢㻜㻜 䝝䝹㻟㻜㻟㻜㻟㻜㻝㻡㻜㻡㻜㻠㻜㻟㻟㻜 䝸䞊䝈㻟㻘㻜㻜㻜㻥㻜㻜㻝㻜㻜㻡㻜㻜㻙㻙㻠㻘㻡㻜㻜 䝅䜵䝣䜱䞊䝹䝗㻥㻜㻜㻝㻘㻤㻜㻜㻞㻡㻜㻠㻡㻜㻞㻘㻟㻜㻜㻟㻜㻜㻢㻘㻜㻜㻜 㻌㻔䝝䜲㻌䜴䜱䞁䜹䝮㻌㻝㻘㻣㻜㻜㻕 䜴䜵䞊䝹䝈䜹䞊䝕䜱䝣㻟㻡㻜㻝㻞㻜㻞㻜㻙㻞㻟㻜㻞㻜㻜㻥㻞㻜 䝇䝁䝑䝖䝷䞁䝗䜾䝷䝇䝂䞊㻡㻜㻝㻘㻣㻣㻜㻢㻜㻝㻤㻜㻙㻤㻜㻞㻘㻝㻠㻜 䝇䝁䝑䝖䝷䞁䝗䜶䝕䜱䞁䝞䝷㻝㻠㻜㻡㻡㻜㻝㻝㻜㻞㻜㻜㻙㻝㻜㻜㻝㻘㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻟㻟㻘㻜㻞㻜㻡㻟㻘㻢㻜㻜㻤㻘㻥㻥㻜㻞㻢㻘㻜㻞㻜㻠㻘㻣㻠㻜㻢㻘㻣㻟㻜㻞㻟㻟㻘㻝㻜㻜⥲ᩘ

18

Ᏻࢆᝏ໬ࡉࡏࡿせᅉ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ➨୍ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࠊࣦࣜ࢓ࣉ

࣮ࣝ࡜࣮࢝ࢹ࢕ࣇ࡛ࡣࠊኻᴗࡋࡓⓑே⯪ဨࡀ཯㯮ேᭀືࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⁴⁰ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ➨஧

ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᚋࡢ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹ㞟ఫᆅ༊࡛ࡣࠊࢸࢹ࢕࣭࣮࣎࢖࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿⓑே㟷ᑡᖺࡀ㯮

ே⊁ࡾࢆ⾜࠺࡞࡝ࠊ୙✜࡞✵Ẽࡀ⁻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ⁴¹ࠋࡇࡢே✀ᕪูឤ᝟ࡣࠊ1958ᖺ8᭶ୗ᪪

࠿ࡽ9᭶㢌࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢࣀࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࣭ࣄࣝᆅ༊࡜ࣀࢵࢸ࢕࣒ࣥ࢞ࡢே✀ᭀື

ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࠊࢭࣥࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞ሗ㐨࡟ࡼࡗ࡚඲ᅜ࡟▱ࢀΏࡗࡓ⁴²ࠋᭀື┤ᚋ࡟⾜ࢃ

ࢀࡓࠗࢹ࢖࣮࣭࢚ࣜࢡࢫࣉࣞࢫ࠘(Daily Express)⣬ࡢୡㄽㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹつไ

ᨭᣢ⪅ࡀ 79%ࠊࣟࣥࢻ࡛ࣥࡣ 81%࡟㐩ࡋࡓࠋࢠࣕࣛࢵࣉୡㄽㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹ

ࡀ㞄ே࡜࡞ࢀࡤᘬࡗ㉺ࡍ࡜⟅࠼ࡓேࡀ 61%ࠊⓑே࡜㯮ே࡜ࡀྠࡌ᮲௳࡛බႠఫᏯࡢᚅ ᶵࣜࢫࢺ࡟Ⓩ㘓ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟཯ᑐ࡜⟅࠼ࡓேࡀ54%࡟ୖࡗࡓ⁴³ࠋᭀື࠿ࡽ1ᖺᚋࡢ1959 ᖺ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ⥲㑅ᣲ࡛ࠊ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹ㞟ఫᆅ༊࠿ࡽ᪂ࡋࡃ㑅ฟࡉࢀࡓ㆟ဨࡣ࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣

Ẹࡢὶධつไࢆồࡵ࡚άືࡋࠊ1961 ᖺ࡟ࣂ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞㑅ฟ㆟ဨࡀࣂ࣮࣑࣒ࣥ࢞⛣Ẹつ ไྠ┕ࢆタ❧ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⛣Ẹつไࢆッ࠼ࡓ⁴⁴ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ1959ᖺ⥲㑅ᣲ࡛⛣Ẹၥ 㢟ࡣ඲ᅜⓗ࡞தⅬ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋಖᏲඪࡢሙྜࠊ1950 ᖺ௦࡟ά㌍ࡋࡓ㔜㙠㆟ဨࡢከ ࡃࡣࠊ➨஧ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓ୰ࡢグ᠈࠿ࡽᖇᅜ࣭ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫࢆ㔜どࡋࠊ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᮏᅜ࡬ࡢ

⮬⏤ධᅜ࡜࠸࠺ᖇᅜ௨᮶⥆ࡃఏ⤫ࡢᨺᲠ࡟཯ᑐࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊಖᏲඪ඲య࡛⛣Ẹつไࢆබ⣙

࡟࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⁴⁵ࠋປാඪࡶ᰾රჾࡢ୍᪉ⓗᗫᲠ㐠ືࡸࠊᅜ᭷໬ᨻ⟇࡞࡝

ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚᪤࡟ศ⿣≧ែ࡟࠶ࡾ⁴⁶ࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿㄽதࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋಖᏲඪࠊ ປാඪ཮᪉࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ⛣Ẹၥ㢟ࡣ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟ᑐฎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶

ࡿࠋ

➨஧⠇ 1948ᖺ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᅜ⡠ἲ࡜ࣃࢫ࣏࣮ࢺ࣭ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ

(1) ࢥ࢙ࣔࣥ࢘ࣝࢫࡢ㔜せᛶ࡜࣮࢝ࣛࢻ⛣Ẹ࡬ࡢ༴㝤ព㆑ ̿ ࢔ࢺ࣮ࣜປാඪෆ㛶

40 ᮌ⏿ࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ1987ᖺࠊ260㡫ࠋ

41 ὾஭ࠊ๓ᥖㄽᩥࠊ2007ᖺࠊ69㡫ࠋ

42 ࡇࡢᭀື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃࡣࠊỤᕝ₶ࠕ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑡᩘẸ᪘(ethnic minorities)࡜1962 ᖺࠕⱥ㐃㑥⛣Ẹἲࠖࡢᡂ❧㐣⛬ࠖࠗ୰ኸ኱Ꮫ♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤ◊✲ሗ࿌࠘➨10ྕࠊ1990ᖺࠊ41 㸫52㡫ࠋ

43 Z.Layton-Henry, op.cit., 1984., p.37.

44 Ibid., p.38.

45 Dean, D., “The Conservative government and the 1961 Commonwealth Immigration Act:

the inside story”, Race and Class, vol.35, no.2, p.61.

46 㜰㔝ᬛ୍ࠕ➨8❶ ࢖ࢠࣜࢫᨻඪ࡟࠾ࡅࡿὴ㛸ࠖす⏣▱୍ࠊἙ⏣₶୍⦅ⴭࠗᨻඪὴ㛸࣑࠘ࢿ

ࣦࣝ࢓᭩ᡣࠊ1996ᖺࠊ354㸫364㡫ࠋ