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雲仙火山岩の初期帯磁率と等温残留磁化の温度依存性,X線光電子分光による表面分析,および新法による古地球磁場強度の測定 利用統計を見る

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Thermal Analysis of Initial Susceptibility,

Isothermal Remanence Magnetization, Surface

Analysis by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

and Paleointensity Determination by the New

Method, on Unzen Volcanic Rocks

著者名(英)

Naoko UENO, Zhong ZHENG, Kiyoko NEMOTO, Tamao

HATA

journal or

publication title

Journal of Toyo University. Natural science

number

52

page range

117-148

year

2008-03

URL

http://id.nii.ac.jp/1060/00002536/

Creative Commons : 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.ja

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Journal of Toyo University, Natural Science, No.52:117-148(2008) 117

  Thermal Analysis of lnitial Susceptibility, Isothermal

       Remanence Magnetization, Surface Analysis

by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Paleointensity

      Determination by the New Method,

on Unzen Volcanic Rocks

Naoko UENO*,Zhong ZHENG**,Kiyoko NEMOTO***and Tamao HATTA***

Abstract

  Graphic curve of the temperature dependence of the initial susceptibility(κ)showed the variation with time in the 1991-1995 eruptions of Unzen. The demagnetization of the isothermal remanence magnetization(IRM)suggested that the variation with time might be probable. Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the same binding energy of Fe2p3/20rbit on these 1991-1995 samples. But that of the 1792 eruption seemed to have the different binding energy. Paleointensity determination by the new method developed by Zheng was successful on the recent Unzen volcanic rocks. The sample of the Old Unzen pumice obtained from the drilling core at about 640m depth showed quick decay of the natural remanence magnetization(NRM)in alternating field demagnetization. Susceptibility of the core sample varied during the temperature analysis, that might be caused from the chemical change of the specimen. Key words:initial susceptibility, IRM, XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy),binding energy, paleointensity determination, Zheng method, Unzen Vblcano * 上野直子:東洋大学自然科学研究室 〒112-8606 東京都文京区白山5-28-20    Natural Science Laboratory, Toyo University,52&20, Hakusan, Bunkyouku,Tokyo,112-8606 JAPAN    E-mail:ueno@toyonet.toyo.ac.jp ** A 重:綜合開発株式会社地球科学事業部 〒133-0057 東京都江戸川区西小岩1-30-16    三幸ビル2号館    Sogo Kaihatu Co., Sanko Buil.1-3〔L16, Nishikoiwa Edogawaku, Tokyo,133-0057JAPAN *** ェ本清子,八田珠郎:独立行政法人 国際農林水産業研究センター生産環境領域    〒305-8686 茨城県つくば市大わし1-1   JIRCAS, Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries Research Center,1-10hwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,3058686   JAPAN

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1.Introduction   The previous studies(Ueno,1997:Ueno,2000:Ueno and Nakada,2005)reported that the rock magnetic characters changed cyclically during the eruptioll of Unzen in 1991-1995.In this study, additional experiments are reported to find out the other characteristics that changed cyclically during the eruption. Thermal analysis of initial susceptibility, IRM acquisition and a new idea of the investigation concerned with the electron orbits are reported. The experiment with the electron orbits was performed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ESCA).   The new method developed by Zheng(Ueno et. al,2005:Zheng et. a1,2005)was applied to the two of these samples and compared with the results by the traditional methods.   The pumice part of USDP-1 drilling core of the depth in about 640m(639.10-27 sample)is also reported about alternating field demagnetization, hysteresis and initial susceptibility change with the temperature.

2.Samples

  Sampling sites of most of the samples were appeared in the previous report(Ueno, 1997).Rock magnetic studies such as thermal demagnetization, alternating magnetic field demagnetization and hysteresis parameters were reported in Ueno(2000)and Ueno and Nakada(2005).Table.1 is the result appeared in the report of 2005. Results of the paleointensity studies by both of the Thelliers’method and Shaw method were also appeared in the same report of 1997.   Sample named USDP was cut from the pumice part of USDP-1 drilling core of the depth in about 640m. The sample was belong to the eruption of 200-500 thousands years ago called the Old Unzen. 3.Therma1 Analysis of lnitia 1 Susceptibmaty   Thermal analysis of the initial susceptibility(κ)in air was carried out with KLY-3S Kappabridge to find out the change of the magnetic phases during the ascending and descending of temperature(r).The results are shown in Fig.1-1~Fig.1-7. Samples are from the bomb or lava during the 1991-1995 eruption in Fig.1-1-Fig.1-6. Fig.1-7 is the result of the sample of 1792 eruption. Both of the samples erupted in early or middle stage of the eruption(Fig.1-1~Fig.1-4)showed the reversal curves during the ascending and descending of the temperature. While the early stage samples of Fig.1-1 and Fig.1-2 showed the single∠1κ/A T peak, the samples of the middle stage showed the double peaks in∠1κ/A T analysis. The samples of the final stage(Fig.1-5, Fig.1-6) showed decreased susceptibility after heating. It might be caused by the mineral change at high temperature, such as the mineral change from titano-magnetite to hematite.

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  Differential analysis curve(Aκ/AT)showed the peak at almost the same temperature with the Curie temperature obtained丘om the Js-T analysis. DoubIe Curie temperatures could not have been found in the middle stage samples, because・4 Js/AT had not been calculated to find the Curie Temperature in the Js-T analysis. 4.IRM acquisition   IRM acquisition and demagnetization of the raw sample and the sample after heated were performed in applied pulse field. Results are shown in Fig.2-1-Fig.2-4. All were saturated within the applied field of 200 mT Two of the sample in 1991 eruption(Fig.2-1 ~Fig.2-2)seem to have the same simple pattern both in acquisition and demagnetization, The∠1 κ/∠1 T analysis curve of the sample from the middle stage (E202)has the drift in 20 mT AIso, that of the sample from 1792 eruption(U6・17) drifted much. These characteristics might be corresponding with the characteristics of the curves ofκ一T and∠1κ/A T shown in Fig.1-1, Fig.1-2, Fig.1-3 and Fig.1-7. 5.Surface Analysis by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy   The essential cause of the magnetic character may due to the energy of electron orbits of the Fe. If the rock magnetic characters changed cyclically during the eruption, energy of the electron orbits also might change cyclically during the eruption. According to this idea, the binding energy of the electron orbits of the Fe was measured. The experiment was performed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ESCA)in JIRCAS.   As shown in Fig.3-1, the binding energy of the Fe2p was the same with the samples of        (cont. on page 126>       Sample:U2-91(eS仙19915.30)        12    1200 (望\否盧山) 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 100 Fig 1-1. ぺ\. 胃eight Atm《)sphere Applied field Rate

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the 1991-1995 eruptions. Only the sample of the 1792 eruption showed the smaller binding energy than others. If the binding energy is identical in the eruption of the same time, it could be useful to identify the eruption by binding energy. Additional experiments are reguired for this assumption. Each of the binding energy of the Fe2p3/2 0rbits was calculated using the binding energy of Cls orbits as standard(the bottom part of the Fig.3-1).The result of the wide spectra analysis was shown in Fig.3-2.   In Fig.4-1-・Fig.4・-7,0riginal data of binding energy around Fe2p orbits for each sample are shown.   X・ray analyses to find the difference in chemical composition between the samples were carried out, but the differences could not be found. Fig.5-1(U6-17)and Fig.5-2 (E202)are the typical examples of the X-ray analyses. 6.Paleoiltensity by the New Method   Two samples E206(1991)and E202(1993)were used for the new method. The reason of the selection was due only to the residual amo皿ts of the samples, not to the magnetic character Expected paleointensity based on the data by observation at Unzen in 1991~1993 is 47μT(IGRF90,95).   Zijiderveld diagram and unblocking temperature spectra of NRM are illustrated in Fig.6-1 and Fig.6-2.   Microscopic observation and backscatterd electron images(BEI)by scanning electron microscope of E202 are shown in Fig.7・1 and Fig.7-2. 6-1Pαteointens吻by the trαdiオionα1 methoels   Restllts of the Coe version of the Thelliersl method are illustrated in Fig.8-1 and Fig. 8-2.Both of the results are 42μT and in agree with the IGRF in ab皿t 10%.   Results of the Shaw method are also illustrated in Fig.9-1(a),Fig.9-1(b)and Fig.9-2. Sample E206 in Fig.9-1 showed different paleointensity under different TRM temperature. In this case, change of ARM was little(ARM2/ARM1=1.026)but that of TRM was great. The alteration in TRM can safely detected or corrected only by the thermal remanent magnetization.

6-2Pαleoi就ensity by the new疏θ仇oば‘Zheng met加の

  Fig.10-1 shows unblocking temperature spectra of NRM and pTRM on E206. Arai diagram calculated from NRM and pTRM is also shown in the bottom of the same figure. Fig.10-2 is unblocking temperature spectra of TRM and pTRM. In the bottom, Arai diagram was made from TRM and pTRM. Corrected Thelliers「intensity was calculated from the ratio of intensities obtained丘om the NRM to full TRM. The corrected intensity is almost the same as that of the new method.   The same figures of NRM-pTRM and TRM-pTRM are illustrated on E202 in Fig.11-1 and Fig.11-2 with Arai diagrarns.   In the Fig.12-1, thermal demagnetization of pTRM obtained between 200℃~230℃on        (cont, on page 139)

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Rock Magnetism of Unzen Vblcanic Rocks 129 口§O 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 720 718 716     714     712    Binding Energy [eV] U2-91 7to 708 RESUI」TS

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Position  [eV】 71e.083 712.097 714,771 Height 〔counts]    162    ∈12    122  FwhT9   〔eVl 4,0000 3,2405 3,9834 Shape Voiqヒ Voigt Voigヒ asym mlx O.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.00  Area [counts】   15774   42918   12399 Area  〔k) 21.9 59.6 17.2 Shirley   (31s4t2531) Goodness・δ〔d・/N)/n=8.696 xlO^.1 Fig 4-2. Origina1 data of binding energy in Fe2p region of U2-91(1991) 臼§8 4000 3500 3000 2500 720    715 Binding Energy 〔eV] 710 RESWLTS   POS1ヒlcn     [eV】 1.  710、]40 2. フ12,304 3.  714.02] 4   717.827 Height 〔counヒsj    480    75フ    676    106  Fwhm  [eVl 2.7796 2.1944 3,39E4 3.8939 Shape Volgt Voig[ Voigt Voigt asym m-x O.OO O.OO O.00 0.00 O.5] O.97 0,69 1.OO  Area [counヒS]   ]1972   3S678   5312S    878S Area  [t] 24,i 27.4 40.8  6,7 Shirley C3073,23e8) Goodness: d[d》/N】/n = 7.593 x10^一1 Fig 4-3. Original data of binding energy in Fe2p region of E 206(1991)

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4soo 4000 1 y 35009 8 3000 2500 2㎜ 720 ・t 刀@tli  715 Bi且【ting Energア teV]

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710 RESULTS    POSユヒエon      [e▽] 1.  709.9]L6 2.  7ユ2.026 3.  713.864 4.  716.561 Shirley Heighヒ    Fwhm [counヒS]   [eV】    53ユ  3.2314   1220  2,7663    619  2.7422    271  3,9694 (3248,2217) Shape Voigt Voigヒ Vo±9ヒ Voigヒ asym Mlx 0.00  0.OO O.00  0.95 0.00 0,82 0.00  1.00  ltrea [counLS】   45272   7293]   38217   22S56 Area  I制 2S.2 40,6 21.1 ]」2.7 Goodness; d[de/N〕/n = B,922 x10^-1 Fig 4-4. Original data of binding energy in Fe2p region of E 202(1993) 口旨δ 4500 4000   . 3500 3000 2500 7000 720 7i6        712    B血di皿g Energy[eV] UN-S 708 巳〉 RESULTS    POSコ」ヒユon      [eV] 1.  709.966 2. 712.271 3 .   714 .360 H巳ighヒ 〔counts]    749    e48    428   Fwhm   〔eVJ 2.8941 2.6914 3.5826 Shape Voig仁 Voigt Volgt asyTn mlx 0 .00  0.00 0 rOO  1.00 0 .00  0 ,02  Area [counヒs〕   s9396   48602   4ユ240 Area  [制 39.8 32.6 27.6 Shirley (ヨ126,2203) Goodness: θ[dh/Nユノロ = 9,463 xコLO^-1 Fig 4-5. Original data of bi皿di皿g energy in Fe2p region of UN-S(1993)

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Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 131 旦日8 4㎜ 3500 3000 2500 2000 720 〆  況 :’奪. 715      710 Bimding.E㌔ergy 【eV] UN2-1 RBSULTS    Posiヒion     He].ghし    Fwhm  Shape      〔eV]     [count8]   [eV]  ユ. 709.828       607  2.971]  Voigt  2. 712.425      1077  3.3620  Voigt  3. 7ユ5.453       338  4.OOOO  Voigt Shirley   (3043r2164) Goodness:6[d●/N】/n = 8、611 x10^-1 asym.mエx O.00 0,26 0.00 1.00 0.00 0,07  Area [counts]   45888   77095   34602 Area  【91 29.0 48.8 21.9 Fig 4-6. Origi皿al data of binding energy in Fe2p region of UN2-1(1994) ロヨ3 4000 3000 2000 720    〉、ち 話7 へ㌔◆      ◆、 ・が   715 Binding Eロergy 【eV] UN 1-3 710 RESULTS

1234

Pos1しlon  〔eV】  7ユO.576  7ユ2.214  714,369  717.683 Height [counts]    658   1]39    699   262  Pw㎞   【eV】 3.4846 2.6357 2.6830 4.0〔レ00. Shape Voigt Voigt VOユgt Voigヒ asym mユx 0.OO O.50 0,00 Z.00 0.00 ユ.OO O.00 0,98  Area 【co岨ヒs]   5448ユ   751ユ9   39944   22254 Area  [制 28.4 39.ユ 20.8 11.6 Shirley  (3123,2139) GoodlleSS、凸[d・IN]/n=8.6B6 x10^-1 Fig 4-7. Origina1 data of binding energy in Fe2p region of UN 1-3(1994)

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7㊤。4鳴」 ⑩埠”OO”一一 一ーΣ領壌ーoDOO〔 (N ウ卜〔)卜〔-Φ⇒}oω一αoか一国自』付」-× .一ー吟⑭停幽 一一 の一℃  .⊆m門り︹閃O  .Φ]丙且︹< 一  .=閃パ℃Oω  .O↑パ兵]﹂O已く パのΦ=図閃烏  .Oμパ「づ切O」〕Φ」 <  . パOう  ) ( 閃O <  . 肩の  ) ( 閃Z    °。Oパの(自4頂 ・ ・ 雨Z) 閃O) Φ』) ㊤吟マ0-OO ・…・・……工T NON一ーoo⌒ .…・・°……レ 寸ρOOOi一〇り .・………・・口 祈 苦芥H       已あの  .Φ↑W■0=04品=    ⊂﹄切  .O●]﹂廿﹀工一L﹂O匡 O﹂O  .O一︹㎏﹂Φ↑Oパ瞼①[︻o.㊦共        =込ω  .口ρパ∈O』兵O ロパで  .Φ●一﹂﹂ΦSO]吻O自04何※ N寓 ∀      マO ( エO)      マO      マO      ∀O NΦ」 Φ」 ↑O uっΦ」 N㊤」i-X N」O㊤」 NΦ』。o実 o 回 ぷ之 .o D下r.椰 、L」:L ニ .」 1-. 巴 ・.や D..r-- ・→ … や .ご∴.’ 』..F. 「畠・層叩. .1.「『-” kP.+ .L.・.・.. 賜:こ:苓…’ …テ ..憂羊”..’+ ..:’::ニニニ’’・・令 :「ウ.+ u:i....1. 斑㊨’零「.+ 潤@・.ヰ ¥ OOO,Oむ⊃ OOO.O守 OOO.ON 9 e“ ON⇔O‘O[ y↑O-ON ∀㊤マO‘↑一 〇マ一〇‘⑰め ゜。 n°っ?㊤゜で O鴎 OO一 Oロ一 90N O頃N ロレ十●〆 ■ー°山’°占ーペ “-F’入■ーo山 専‘ [sdつユ ↑Z一出 ‥ 柳製罵 頃の…〇一 〇〇〇ー(閃工ー一〇  … 田製罵 寸N一〇,↑一‘O⊃   申X ミヤ》S マNOO」Φ功コ    ↑一‘O⊇    ⊥N入[ 申ミ゜ミ中

闇㌧《田阻艦

‘幽)も

(18)

133 Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 一u。δ閃工 一一”〇一「【一 「ー〉口苫ーOOOO一 (ぐう ウO中)NON回」Oω一〇りら一閃自宮」ー× .Nー吟ち幽ぽ  一 で」O  .⊂句一〇一㊦O  .ω↑一」【< O]⋮巳Oので㊤﹀]臼司〇一のU=o∂㊦= 廿  .=閃一廿Oの 「  .已閃WOO切 O  .=mパ可Oの .O●↓工]﹂O⊂< .O一パ=]﹄O⊂< .Φ]パ工声゜糾OC<

u<<x

    層〔....こ力 ) 「< o匡) 一の) Wの) 一く) ( oコO 摩さ i × ( 勺Z (泊Z (偲Z       ・     .    ・  . 閃雨閃閃閃

ovvzz

))))) Ooo∀「-一マ 迫凱マO-σ⊃N 一〇〇マ一‘〔∀ NON一‘°〇一 口O∨⇔‘⑦O ロじ十●× 祷ウ←一一司 廿」o の司℃       O骨唱=]㊦⊂OC .Φ声W』」O㎏O一のΦ⊂o.焔逐   ⊆﹀切  .Φ]⋮∈O﹂工O  =〉の  .O↑一砂O⊂M一閃文 .Φ]唱﹂−伺ΦHOパのO二〇〇勺工 」 ・ ゜O)(。4エ        ∀O        寸O        寸O        ∀O .o』) N⑤』ーー= N袖O①] No」 o匡 N㊤」。o= D..1 D香 .び....じ D血..や .....1≡:.:i⊇ ナ …レ..Q 撃戟ヒ二1::才 .「 「x  」..「..1L @▼・争…◎ @.1『二び..◎ @ ...・....・..口 @ ・・→    o e..L 氈D....・o ●瓦__ロ  ..■◆ OOO Oロ⊃ OOO,Oマ OOO.ON

O 〇〇 ONOO-⑳一 Cマ一〇ーマ否 マ㊤寸O‘ト一 Oマ〔‥O-NN

ア・っO-O夢う ON Oe OO Ooo 90「 ON[ Oマ【 ロレ十●Y “〜°山ん占ー槽 Aーち︵“ー°] 〔sdつ〕遠了導‘ ↑Z一匡 杣田亘 ∀一‥一一 〇〇〇‘Σ閃湾‘一〇 . 7 田般罵 マN一〇.NON口  . .   申\ ミヤト尽 寸NOO」㊤のコ  ‥     NON垣 ‥    ムN×〔 Wミ゜ミ●

淵£《hロμ幽附

牌軽慧

(19)

勾d酌ddD㎏砲

E206

After 5mT AFD   ☆//

ρ「.’ 5簡T  ’ Iσ〆 /◎/ 一●-XY  イ〉-XZ Fig 6-L Z6酬dDia騨皿 \  、  \ \、 へ稿 へ耐ρ\、

E202

\。 After 5mT AFD 5mT +XY  -{}・XZ Fig 6-2.       ㈱|ock}㎎了e剛}rature Sρeotra of n閲目        2ロ5E-Ol      4E-3        _1 ゆ・已監、δ,…       1 eE-3       ハ       ハ        き1・5ト・ ..  _、i        l:1託ノ1::1       2、OE-4        0.OE剥{)0      0. OE+e       O 100 200 T。mpe,杣,{・解 5°O am Zijiderve正d diagram and unblocking temperature spectra of NRM of E206        “,bleck}㎎ T飼Φr●ture ⑨■etre of 剛       2.5EイOl      2.0ξ一3       1,4E-3^       ° 1°o am T叔8t,,糾c}sw am 70° Zijiderveld diagram and unblocking temperatUre spectra of NRM of E202

(20)

Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 135

NO昌]。包εめ⇔[ヱ声⊆⊆。乞。て警⋮巨罵乏あ三匡鱈

.N-卜宴

NC岱』○=ε琴;^一(;五8。。o口Σ

(21)

E206 ↓ ← 門 R T ・ → 〔 E 門 R N ・ ・ . ● ● ●

 ■

9白

5 E206 ● 93 6138 36目6 4343 ’17 臼9・・ ↑}99  一   b abS吟

」口

じ ー & 19

F

9940

 一   b

abSr

噺 U = 6

0  

8

2  

5 亡L   - 4 θ 2 千’、ζ、μT 仇・鋤丁 ● . ・Horizonta1 3e4   354\  \    \ 0 ..)artioa1  §e283   522 7き   43 1 5 u NRM 2θ4 158      3 ε竈3 Y Coe version of the Thelliers) method of E206

(22)

Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 137 TR卜1 u × E202 ab5戸   b  「 目89 9ρワー8 79B7 9§4 4つ∀65

Honizon七a1 )ar七ica1 55∨  5∨    522 53蛋…22 寝・ 5臼2

\  k\ \ \ 5e2

Fig 8・2. Coe version of the Thelliers’ method of E202 4

383

@2di e

ユ3 /      3θ4     354

(23)

ロω

n6 ’0 4

α0.0.

00.

0 シ 0

1 1 0

0 0 0 0

0」之

O.O  Sample:E206-B1,2.Og      Sample:E206-B亘        3.5        3.O        o        OmT        OmT Han=46μT        2、5        5mT        o       10mT       l2・°

        y−。⑨18x ‖ ’・’ ,:,, 1.。。6x

       LO     TRM=TRM(400°C・OuT)  α5        50mT

100mT

       O.0     05       1.0       1.5      0.0     10     2.0     3.0     4.O      TRM/NRMO      ARM2AgRMO    Fig 9-1(a). Results of the Shaw method of E206 with TRM at 400℃  Sample:E206-B 1,2.Og      Sample:E206-B 1        3.5        3.O        o        OmT      OmT I{anニ265L↓T        2.5        0        5mT       IO皿T        2        2,0         10mT        ζ        ピ        目        L5        v=LO32 x       yニ0530x         Lo

  TRM=TRM(500°C,50u

       O.5        50mT

lOOmT

       O.O    l・0       2・0       3・0      0.0     1.0     2.0     3.0     4.O      TR酬RMO       ARM2/NRMO    Fig 9・1(b). Results of the Shaw method of E206 with TRM at 500℃

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Rock Magnetism of Unzen Vblcanic Rocks 139   E206 is illustrated. If all the domains are single, A pTRM/∠1 T does not spread out from the temperature range of pTRM. In this figure, pTRM tailed out for about 90℃from 230℃.   Fig.12-2 is the same figure on E202. PTRM attached between 450℃-480℃was thermal demagnetized. The tail spreads out for about 40℃.   As the traditional Thelliers’method requires single domain with no tail, correct intensity could not be obtained from these two samples with tails.   Summary of paleomagnetic intensity by the new method(Zheng method)are listed in Table 2(E206)and Table 3(E202).The bomb sample(E206)laid and cooled directly on the ground showed 42μT, and the spherical slided dome lava sample(E202)of 2m height not affected so much by the ground rock showed 45μTAs the precise imtensity can be obtained from the new method, the difference from IGRF of 47 pt T represents the difference of the rock-contributed field. 7.Magnetic characters of the drilling core pumice   The pumice part of USDP-1 drilling core of the depth in ab皿t 640m was numbered as USDP(or uncore or UNC).   In Fig.13, results of hysteresis analysis by vibrating magnetometer and alternating field demagnetization(AFD)are shown. From the calculation of the hysteresis parameters, it is plotted in pseudo single domain region in Day Plot. NRM decreased to less than haIf in 10 mT The rapid decrease of NRM suggests the maglletic components are unstable.   Thermal analysis of the initial susceptibility(κ)in air was carried out to find out the unstable reason. The results are shown in Fig.14 and Fig.15. Fig.14 showed the unstable        (cont. on page 147)       Sample:E202⇒B l,1.9g       Sample:E202-Bl    1.2       1.0 LO 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0,0 ==S8.2pT   TRM TRM(550°C.50u「1. 100rnT 0.5     LO

 T㎜WO

1.5 0.8 §o.6

」・・ 0,2 0.0 0,0 0.2   0.4    0.6   0.8

    ARM2㎜0

L( Fig 9-2. Results of the Shaw method of E202

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       .口﹂㊦浸5唱烏ξ工]写P ΦON国]O§﹄、廿口田菱﹄[>O閃おO①αロ堕㊤﹂コ一閃﹂㊤ユ日O]切口還02ρ自コ

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141 Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks        .【已d」蜘口…唱百㎏<田写 NON鋼︸O目]ごで已閃∼口[﹄O閃担OΦOoり①﹂ヨ付﹄ΦO日Φ一bρロ理OO一﹄ロコ        (還く{良望5°う   O,O        O.の        O.㊥        O,.管        O、N        O,一 .N-=切田 O,O O (in)P阿。ePSd 8   R 8 8↑ 金這  Ω活  9∋ 8マ 日き層く  (O°§呂昌§↑ ●マ §  9再 9& 8P 8↑ 8 O O,O N,O マ.O 。6㌔

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(27)

pTRM loss during廿hermal dcmagnetization         Sample:E206 0.20 0.16    2       8    」      0    0      0 (日、S。。民§ξ-蚕㌦ O.04 0,00 0

Hlab=500uT

50 100 一Blocking Temp. 一◎-@P丁RM_remaining -Q-一 δpTRM」oss/δT 150    200    250 TemperatUre(°C) 300 350 400 0,000 宕\ωの三」差↑ε       PSD-like grains dominant  The behaviour of p [RM loss during thermal demagnetization shows t}le difference between unblocking temperature(T..{ub})and blocking temperature(T」b},given temperature intervals), E206 specimen was used to acquire a pTRM(T_{i+1},T」i}, H_{1ab})(cooljng from T_{i+1}to T_{i}in arthicia1 field H_{lab}=500 uT, then in zero field when TくT-{i}), and then thermal derriagnetization was perforrned to obtain itS unblockmg teniperatufe(T-{ub})dis廿ibudon、 Here the blocking temperatUre(T-{b})is equal to(T_{i+1},T_{i}).        Fig 12-1. pTRM loss during thermal demagnetization of E206 pTRM loss during thermal demagnet立a60n          Sample:E202 0.25 0.20    5       0    4-      -    む       む (ε≧Oc三句§」プαト己 0.05 0.00 H lab=500uT 一     Blocking Temp. 黹フト pTRM_rema i n i ng 黷ュ〉一 δpTRM」oss/δT 0,006 O,005 O,004 O,003 O,002 O,001 0,000 350 400 450     500 Temperature(℃) 550 600 ト勺\器旦i差トOQ Fig 12-2. pTRM loss during thermal demagnetization of E202

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Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 143 ange G(°C) 。1 P  2 aeO_lntenSlty U Sample

@  :

‘Behavi・r     当 ドal    (°C)1(mT)1(uT)l l iSUM(pTRMI)

pTRM2

Plateau lCorrected  1 eliabnit E2°6’I PSDlik

a与5已4°°il°~3°

3 1 0.796 ‘ 0.96~1.00 40 士101 一      i d206-2 1, @        「

@」

1, 1 ” ” 0,823 40 ±  5 139 土  1 E206-3 ,r   l  ,1 「 「「 ’, ll ,’ 0.821   [0.98~1.08141 ±  6139 土  4   ‘ E206-4 ,「 @ l ll

@.

n ” ’r ,1 0.831    「0.94~1.12141 土  8       . 40 土 51   .

Mean

「 3 10.818±0.015! @ 同0士6ト

39±1[ G

E206-5 PSD-lik 5 40 350 40~35q 3 1  0.964 0.73~0.87 34 ± 1

43土4i

E206-6 「1 け 1, @ 10~35(i4 1   0.857 LO5~L41 42 ~54 41± 4 E206-7 「1 Il “         II @! il 50-35q.5 0,874 0.88~1.41 36 〜60「「 43 ▲ 2 E206-8   1 II II

     .

h  1  「l l50~30…4 i 0,841 1.05~L34 39 ~54 i42 ± 4 Mean   |   . e 4 . 0.884±0.055    ‘    .S6 土  gi42 士  1   . i E‘ ‘    1

     !

sotal ‘     ‘ 144 士 81 41 ± 4. i 1 Notes:N:Number of intervals from which apparent plateau paleofield was estimated, AFD:Strength of AF dem      H」ab:a laboratory field to produce TRM(a artificial‘’NRM”)for the correction of magnetostatic interac      pTRMl:acquired during lst RUN for ”pick-up” apparent paleointensity.pTRM2:acquired during 2nd Rl      grain’s interaction.Reliability:E(excellent), G(good). R(reference). Table 2. Summary of paleomagnetic intensity of E206 by the new method

1

 a一

l n ang引

l p

2 1aeo_mtenSlty u eliabni

Sample Beha、’ior

1(mT) (uT)1(°C) (°C)

N

βUM(pTRM1)

pTRM2

ト Plateau ,Correctedl      . E202-1 SD・likd 5 50 560 1200~56q

81

1 0.946 0.25~L50 ll2 ~61μ4 ±31 E202-2 ,, ,1 ,■ ll ,,   i ” 1( 0.950 0,68~L47 30 ~6244 ±21 E202-3 ,1 ,1 ,● 閥 n    ’ “ . 0,991 0.77~L32  「 36 ~6847 ±4・

E2024

,, ” ” “ .l   l ,l l ヒ 0,955 0.74~L47 34   一

`63

45

。計

E202-5 ll ” ” ” ll 1, 0,946 0.63~1.45 31 ~6645    ラ

」4

E202・6 ” “ ■, ,, 200~540、 7 0962 0.38~1.36 21 ~6247 ±4!..

Mean

16 40 土12[45 ±1i   I E 1 Notes:N:Number ofintervals ff)m which apparent plateau palcofield was estirnated AFD:Strer}gth ofAF demagnetization pre-treatT     H」ab:a laboratory field to produee TRM(a artificial”NRM”)for the correction ofmagnetostatic intcraction effect.     pTRM1:acquired during l st RUN fbr ”pick・up”apparent palcointensity.pTRM2:aequired during 2nd RUN fbr”correction”of     grain,s interaction. Reliability:E(excellent), G(good), R(ref已㎝㏄). Table 3. Summary of paleomagnetic intensity of E202 by the new method

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エ∩°りD甘ロエく廿5・ゆ窃上閃ロ閃・・笏㊤」理採= ..う一℃⑮筐 Z

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145 Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks

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1200 1000 800

¥…

  400 200 0 Sarnple: USDP-1(雲仙コァ,地調から) 0 胃eight Atiinsphere Appli6d field Rate 100 200 300      400 Temperature(℃) 500 220㎎ 1n air 300~tm ll℃fmin 600 35 30 25 20  宕 15ミ  ? 10 5 0  一5 700 1200 1000 800 婁 さ 苧 600 巴   400 200 0 0 Sam le:USDP-1(雲仙コァ,地調から) Weight Atmosphere 《ppliod f{eld Rate 220㎎ In 8it 300A缶 11℃/min Fig 15.  100       200       300       400       500       60G       700        Temperature(℃) Thermal analysis of the initial susceptibility(κ)of USDP 一一 550℃and 650℃. 20 Is ↑℃\㎏㊨1 10

@  5

0 一5

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Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 147 curves under 450℃.Aκ/A T peaks were also changeable under 450℃.The curves up to the 550℃and 650℃(Fig.15)showed decreased susceptibility after heating. That might be caused by the mineral change during the experiments. 8.Results and Conclusions   Graphic curve of the temperature dependence of the initial susceptibility(κ)shows change with time in the 1991-1995 eruptions of Unzen. In the demagnetization of the isothermal remanence magnetization(IRM),the change might be probable during 1991- 1995.Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the same binding energy of Fe2p3/20rbit on these 1991-1995 samples. But that of the 1762 eruption seemed to have the different binding energy. Paleointensity determination by the new method developed by Zheng was successful on the recent Unzen volcanic rocks. E206 erupted in 1991 showed 42±1μT, and E202 erupted in 1993 showed 45±1μTパn regard to the expected intensity of 47μT(IGRF 90,95). Difference from IGRF can be explained by the accuracy of the new method. The new method can show the individual local magnetic field condition of the sample.   The sample of the Old Unzen pumice obtained丘om the drilling core at about 640m depth showed quick decay in alternating field demagnetization. Susceptibility varied during the temperature analysis that might be caused from the chemical change of the speclmen.

Ac㎞owledgements

  We are grateful to Dr. Hideo Hoshizumi of Geological Survey of Japan for providing the core sample obtained by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (USDP-1).Sample erupted in 1792(U6-17)is a gift from Dr. Mitsuko Ozima.

References

Ueno, N.(1997)Preliminary report on geomagnetic paleointensity study of historic   volcanic rocks in Kyushu Japan. J. Toyo Univ. General Education(Nat. Sci.),41:19-38. Ueno, N.(2000)Preliminary investigation of the rock magnetic variation during the   recent eruption at Unzen. J. T()yo Univ. General Education(Nat. Sci.),44:71-81. Ueno, N., Z. Zheng and S. Sato(2005). Rock magnetic properties of an An-ei Lava, in   Sakurajima Volcano 一 Application to experimental study of geomagnetic paleointensity-   J.Toyo Univ. Natural Science,49:111-121.O Ueno, N and S. Nakada(2005).Variation of rock magnetic properties during the   1991-1995eruption at Unzen, Japan. J. Toyo Univ. Natural Science,49:123-137. Zheng, Z., X. Zhao and N. Ueno(2005)(in Japanese)(鄭、趙,上野 )テリエ法実験   における強磁性粒子の非理想挙動の検出と補正.地学雑誌,114(2):258-272.

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要旨

上野直子・鄭 重・根本清子・八田珠郎:雲仙火山岩の初期帯磁率と等温残留磁化の温度

依存性,X線光電子分光による表面分析,および新法による古地球磁場強度の測定

 著者らは雲仙普賢岳の溶岩(1991-1995)の岩石磁気の研究から,噴出時期により磁性

の変化があることを指摘したが,今回は初期帯磁率の温度変化・IRM獲得と消磁・X線

光電子分光による表面分析によるFe電子軌道の束縛エネルギーが噴出時期により違うか

どうか実験した.また,新しい測定法(鄭法)で古地球磁場強度を求めて,従来の結果と

比較した.

 初期帯磁率の温度変化は,初期・中期・後期でグラフの形が異なった.初期・中期の違

いはIRM獲得後のパルス消磁実験結果にもあるように見える.

 X線光電子分光による表面分析によるFe2p電子軌道の束縛エネルギーは1991-1995雲

仙普賢岳の溶岩については同じ値である.しかし,1792年のいわゆる新焼溶岩の値はわ

ずかに違っている.同一噴火では電子軌道の束縛エネルギーが同じであるという仮説が正

しければ,束縛エネルギーの差で岩体の噴火時代区分が可能になる.束縛エネルギーの研

究を進めると地質学・岩石学の分野で新しい情報が得られることが期待できる.束縛エネ

ルギーの違いの原因を調べるためにX線分析も行なったが,特に違いは見つけられなかっ

た.

 雲仙火山科学掘削岩石試料(USDP-1)のうち640mあたりの古期雲仙火山軽石につい

て交流消磁,初期帯磁率の温度変化,そしてヒステリシスを測定した.この古期雲仙火山

軽石(USDP)は交流消磁では1000e(10 mrl)の低磁場でNRMが半分以下になった.こ

れは安定な残留磁化が少ないためであり古地球磁場研究用には向いていない.初期帯磁率

の温度変化でも,450℃以下では昇温と降温のカーブの差が最高温度毎で違い,温度変化

中に磁性鉱物に変化が起きていることがわかる.なお,このUSDP試料のヒステリシス

から得られた(Hcr/Hc)=2.6と(Mrs/Ms)=O.1をチタノマグネタイトのDayダイア

グラム上にプロットすると,擬似単磁区構造の領域で,かつ1991-1995雲仙普賢岳の溶岩

の分布範囲内に位置する.

 新しい測定法(鄭法)で古地球磁場強度を2試料について求めた.期待値(IGRF90,

95)47μTに対して45±1μTおよび42±1μTが得られた.45μTのE202は直径約

2mのドーム溶岩落石の直接地面に接していない部分から採取したのに対して,42μTの

E206は火山弾で高温のうちから地面に接していたと考えられる.一般に個々の路頭の磁

場がIGRF値と一致するとは考えにくい.従来のテリエ法では大まかな値としてIGRFに

近い値がでるが,鄭法では個々の路頭の磁場の値を求めるとができたため,IGRFとの差

がでたと考える.また,この2試料のデータをもとにShaw法や従来のThellier法の問題

点を指摘した.

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