Thermal Analysis of Initial Susceptibility,
Isothermal Remanence Magnetization, Surface
Analysis by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
and Paleointensity Determination by the New
Method, on Unzen Volcanic Rocks
著者名(英)
Naoko UENO, Zhong ZHENG, Kiyoko NEMOTO, Tamao
HATA
journal or
publication title
Journal of Toyo University. Natural science
number
52
page range
117-148
year
2008-03
URL
http://id.nii.ac.jp/1060/00002536/
Creative Commons : 表示 - 非営利 - 改変禁止
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.ja
Journal of Toyo University, Natural Science, No.52:117-148(2008) 117
Thermal Analysis of lnitial Susceptibility, Isothermal
Remanence Magnetization, Surface Analysis
by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Paleointensity
Determination by the New Method,
on Unzen Volcanic Rocks
Naoko UENO*,Zhong ZHENG**,Kiyoko NEMOTO***and Tamao HATTA***Abstract
Graphic curve of the temperature dependence of the initial susceptibility(κ)showed the variation with time in the 1991-1995 eruptions of Unzen. The demagnetization of the isothermal remanence magnetization(IRM)suggested that the variation with time might be probable. Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the same binding energy of Fe2p3/20rbit on these 1991-1995 samples. But that of the 1792 eruption seemed to have the different binding energy. Paleointensity determination by the new method developed by Zheng was successful on the recent Unzen volcanic rocks. The sample of the Old Unzen pumice obtained from the drilling core at about 640m depth showed quick decay of the natural remanence magnetization(NRM)in alternating field demagnetization. Susceptibility of the core sample varied during the temperature analysis, that might be caused from the chemical change of the specimen. Key words:initial susceptibility, IRM, XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy),binding energy, paleointensity determination, Zheng method, Unzen Vblcano * 上野直子:東洋大学自然科学研究室 〒112-8606 東京都文京区白山5-28-20 Natural Science Laboratory, Toyo University,52&20, Hakusan, Bunkyouku,Tokyo,112-8606 JAPAN E-mail:ueno@toyonet.toyo.ac.jp ** A 重:綜合開発株式会社地球科学事業部 〒133-0057 東京都江戸川区西小岩1-30-16 三幸ビル2号館 Sogo Kaihatu Co., Sanko Buil.1-3〔L16, Nishikoiwa Edogawaku, Tokyo,133-0057JAPAN *** ェ本清子,八田珠郎:独立行政法人 国際農林水産業研究センター生産環境領域 〒305-8686 茨城県つくば市大わし1-1 JIRCAS, Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries Research Center,1-10hwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,3058686 JAPAN1.Introduction The previous studies(Ueno,1997:Ueno,2000:Ueno and Nakada,2005)reported that the rock magnetic characters changed cyclically during the eruptioll of Unzen in 1991-1995.In this study, additional experiments are reported to find out the other characteristics that changed cyclically during the eruption. Thermal analysis of initial susceptibility, IRM acquisition and a new idea of the investigation concerned with the electron orbits are reported. The experiment with the electron orbits was performed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ESCA). The new method developed by Zheng(Ueno et. al,2005:Zheng et. a1,2005)was applied to the two of these samples and compared with the results by the traditional methods. The pumice part of USDP-1 drilling core of the depth in about 640m(639.10-27 sample)is also reported about alternating field demagnetization, hysteresis and initial susceptibility change with the temperature.
2.Samples
Sampling sites of most of the samples were appeared in the previous report(Ueno, 1997).Rock magnetic studies such as thermal demagnetization, alternating magnetic field demagnetization and hysteresis parameters were reported in Ueno(2000)and Ueno and Nakada(2005).Table.1 is the result appeared in the report of 2005. Results of the paleointensity studies by both of the Thelliers’method and Shaw method were also appeared in the same report of 1997. Sample named USDP was cut from the pumice part of USDP-1 drilling core of the depth in about 640m. The sample was belong to the eruption of 200-500 thousands years ago called the Old Unzen. 3.Therma1 Analysis of lnitia 1 Susceptibmaty Thermal analysis of the initial susceptibility(κ)in air was carried out with KLY-3S Kappabridge to find out the change of the magnetic phases during the ascending and descending of temperature(r).The results are shown in Fig.1-1~Fig.1-7. Samples are from the bomb or lava during the 1991-1995 eruption in Fig.1-1-Fig.1-6. Fig.1-7 is the result of the sample of 1792 eruption. Both of the samples erupted in early or middle stage of the eruption(Fig.1-1~Fig.1-4)showed the reversal curves during the ascending and descending of the temperature. While the early stage samples of Fig.1-1 and Fig.1-2 showed the single∠1κ/A T peak, the samples of the middle stage showed the double peaks in∠1κ/A T analysis. The samples of the final stage(Fig.1-5, Fig.1-6) showed decreased susceptibility after heating. It might be caused by the mineral change at high temperature, such as the mineral change from titano-magnetite to hematite.119 (吟 nON︶品駕莞Z廿旨8㊤⇒已⋮▽㊤]﹂。e﹂。,芭㊤§﹂g。眉㊤臣田Σ.︻Φ田已 Rock Magnetism of Unzen Vblcanic Rocks
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、-1-1-F1-、一亨一、-1-r4Nい」 」ΦセODifferential analysis curve(Aκ/AT)showed the peak at almost the same temperature with the Curie temperature obtained丘om the Js-T analysis. DoubIe Curie temperatures could not have been found in the middle stage samples, because・4 Js/AT had not been calculated to find the Curie Temperature in the Js-T analysis. 4.IRM acquisition IRM acquisition and demagnetization of the raw sample and the sample after heated were performed in applied pulse field. Results are shown in Fig.2-1-Fig.2-4. All were saturated within the applied field of 200 mT Two of the sample in 1991 eruption(Fig.2-1 ~Fig.2-2)seem to have the same simple pattern both in acquisition and demagnetization, The∠1 κ/∠1 T analysis curve of the sample from the middle stage (E202)has the drift in 20 mT AIso, that of the sample from 1792 eruption(U6・17) drifted much. These characteristics might be corresponding with the characteristics of the curves ofκ一T and∠1κ/A T shown in Fig.1-1, Fig.1-2, Fig.1-3 and Fig.1-7. 5.Surface Analysis by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy The essential cause of the magnetic character may due to the energy of electron orbits of the Fe. If the rock magnetic characters changed cyclically during the eruption, energy of the electron orbits also might change cyclically during the eruption. According to this idea, the binding energy of the electron orbits of the Fe was measured. The experiment was performed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ESCA)in JIRCAS. As shown in Fig.3-1, the binding energy of the Fe2p was the same with the samples of (cont. on page 126> Sample:U2-91(eS仙19915.30) 12 1200 (望\否盧山) 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 100 Fig 1-1. ぺ\. 胃eight Atm《)sphere Applied field Rate
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O[.O N一.Othe 1991-1995 eruptions. Only the sample of the 1792 eruption showed the smaller binding energy than others. If the binding energy is identical in the eruption of the same time, it could be useful to identify the eruption by binding energy. Additional experiments are reguired for this assumption. Each of the binding energy of the Fe2p3/2 0rbits was calculated using the binding energy of Cls orbits as standard(the bottom part of the Fig.3-1).The result of the wide spectra analysis was shown in Fig.3-2. In Fig.4-1-・Fig.4・-7,0riginal data of binding energy around Fe2p orbits for each sample are shown. X・ray analyses to find the difference in chemical composition between the samples were carried out, but the differences could not be found. Fig.5-1(U6-17)and Fig.5-2 (E202)are the typical examples of the X-ray analyses. 6.Paleoiltensity by the New Method Two samples E206(1991)and E202(1993)were used for the new method. The reason of the selection was due only to the residual amo皿ts of the samples, not to the magnetic character Expected paleointensity based on the data by observation at Unzen in 1991~1993 is 47μT(IGRF90,95). Zijiderveld diagram and unblocking temperature spectra of NRM are illustrated in Fig.6-1 and Fig.6-2. Microscopic observation and backscatterd electron images(BEI)by scanning electron microscope of E202 are shown in Fig.7・1 and Fig.7-2. 6-1Pαteointens吻by the trαdiオionα1 methoels Restllts of the Coe version of the Thelliersl method are illustrated in Fig.8-1 and Fig. 8-2.Both of the results are 42μT and in agree with the IGRF in ab皿t 10%. Results of the Shaw method are also illustrated in Fig.9-1(a),Fig.9-1(b)and Fig.9-2. Sample E206 in Fig.9-1 showed different paleointensity under different TRM temperature. In this case, change of ARM was little(ARM2/ARM1=1.026)but that of TRM was great. The alteration in TRM can safely detected or corrected only by the thermal remanent magnetization.
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Fig.10-1 shows unblocking temperature spectra of NRM and pTRM on E206. Arai diagram calculated from NRM and pTRM is also shown in the bottom of the same figure. Fig.10-2 is unblocking temperature spectra of TRM and pTRM. In the bottom, Arai diagram was made from TRM and pTRM. Corrected Thelliers「intensity was calculated from the ratio of intensities obtained丘om the NRM to full TRM. The corrected intensity is almost the same as that of the new method. The same figures of NRM-pTRM and TRM-pTRM are illustrated on E202 in Fig.11-1 and Fig.11-2 with Arai diagrarns. In the Fig.12-1, thermal demagnetization of pTRM obtained between 200℃~230℃on (cont, on page 139)・。
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日目3 3600 3200 2800 2400 800 600 400 Binding Energy[eV] Fig 3-2. B血ding energy of Wide spectra 200. 720 716 712 708 B口1di皿g Energy[eV] RESULTS Posiヒion Height 脚㎞ Shape aSym mix Area Area [eV〕 [counts] [eVユ [counヒS] [k] 1. 709.542 287 2.617ユ Voユgt O.00 0.フユ 17462 14.3 2・71L526 7474・OO°O V。↓gt O・000・09 78255 64・2 0.00 20.93. 714.512 240 4.0000 VOlgt O.OO 25457 Sh土rley 〔2713,2244) Goodness:6[d》ノN]/n = 9.204 x10A-1 Fig 4-L Original data of binding energy in Fe2p region of U6-17(1792) 0Rock Magnetism of Unzen Vblcanic Rocks 129 口§O 4000 3600 3200 2800 2400 720 718 716 714 712 Binding Energy [eV] U2-91 7to 708 RESUI」TS
123
Position [eV】 71e.083 712.097 714,771 Height 〔counts] 162 ∈12 122 FwhT9 〔eVl 4,0000 3,2405 3,9834 Shape Voiqヒ Voigt Voigヒ asym mlx O.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.00 Area [counts】 15774 42918 12399 Area 〔k) 21.9 59.6 17.2 Shirley (31s4t2531) Goodness・δ〔d・/N)/n=8.696 xlO^.1 Fig 4-2. Origina1 data of binding energy in Fe2p region of U2-91(1991) 臼§8 4000 3500 3000 2500 720 715 Binding Energy 〔eV] 710 RESWLTS POS1ヒlcn [eV】 1. 710、]40 2. フ12,304 3. 714.02] 4 717.827 Height 〔counヒsj 480 75フ 676 106 Fwhm [eVl 2.7796 2.1944 3,39E4 3.8939 Shape Volgt Voig[ Voigt Voigt asym m-x O.OO O.OO O.00 0.00 O.5] O.97 0,69 1.OO Area [counヒS] ]1972 3S678 5312S 878S Area [t] 24,i 27.4 40.8 6,7 Shirley C3073,23e8) Goodness: d[d》/N】/n = 7.593 x10^一1 Fig 4-3. Original data of binding energy in Fe2p region of E 206(1991)4soo 4000 1 y 35009 8 3000 2500 2㎜ 720 ・t 刀@tli 715 Bi且【ting Energア teV]
E202
710 RESULTS POSユヒエon [e▽] 1. 709.9]L6 2. 7ユ2.026 3. 713.864 4. 716.561 Shirley Heighヒ Fwhm [counヒS] [eV】 53ユ 3.2314 1220 2,7663 619 2.7422 271 3,9694 (3248,2217) Shape Voigt Voigヒ Vo±9ヒ Voigヒ asym Mlx 0.00 0.OO O.00 0.95 0.00 0,82 0.00 1.00 ltrea [counLS】 45272 7293] 38217 22S56 Area I制 2S.2 40,6 21.1 ]」2.7 Goodness; d[de/N〕/n = B,922 x10^-1 Fig 4-4. Original data of binding energy in Fe2p region of E 202(1993) 口旨δ 4500 4000 . 3500 3000 2500 7000 720 7i6 712 B血di皿g Energy[eV] UN-S 708 巳〉 RESULTS POSコ」ヒユon [eV] 1. 709.966 2. 712.271 3 . 714 .360 H巳ighヒ 〔counts] 749 e48 428 Fwhm 〔eVJ 2.8941 2.6914 3.5826 Shape Voig仁 Voigt Volgt asyTn mlx 0 .00 0.00 0 rOO 1.00 0 .00 0 ,02 Area [counヒs〕 s9396 48602 4ユ240 Area [制 39.8 32.6 27.6 Shirley (ヨ126,2203) Goodness: θ[dh/Nユノロ = 9,463 xコLO^-1 Fig 4-5. Original data of bi皿di皿g energy in Fe2p region of UN-S(1993)Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 131 旦日8 4㎜ 3500 3000 2500 2000 720 〆 況 :’奪. 715 710 Bimding.E㌔ergy 【eV] UN2-1 RBSULTS Posiヒion He].ghし Fwhm Shape 〔eV] [count8] [eV] ユ. 709.828 607 2.971] Voigt 2. 712.425 1077 3.3620 Voigt 3. 7ユ5.453 338 4.OOOO Voigt Shirley (3043r2164) Goodness:6[d●/N】/n = 8、611 x10^-1 asym.mエx O.00 0,26 0.00 1.00 0.00 0,07 Area [counts] 45888 77095 34602 Area 【91 29.0 48.8 21.9 Fig 4-6. Origi皿al data of binding energy in Fe2p region of UN2-1(1994) ロヨ3 4000 3000 2000 720 〉、ち 話7 へ㌔◆ ◆、 ・が 715 Binding Eロergy 【eV] UN 1-3 710 RESULTS
1234
Pos1しlon 〔eV】 7ユO.576 7ユ2.214 714,369 717.683 Height [counts] 658 1]39 699 262 Pw㎞ 【eV】 3.4846 2.6357 2.6830 4.0〔レ00. Shape Voigt Voigt VOユgt Voigヒ asym mユx 0.OO O.50 0,00 Z.00 0.00 ユ.OO O.00 0,98 Area 【co岨ヒs] 5448ユ 751ユ9 39944 22254 Area [制 28.4 39.ユ 20.8 11.6 Shirley (3123,2139) GoodlleSS、凸[d・IN]/n=8.6B6 x10^-1 Fig 4-7. Origina1 data of binding energy in Fe2p region of UN 1-3(1994)7㊤。4鳴」 ⑩埠”OO”一一 一ーΣ領壌ーoDOO〔 (N ウ卜〔)卜〔-Φ⇒}oω一αoか一国自』付」-× .一ー吟⑭停幽 一一 の一℃ .⊆m門り︹閃O .Φ]丙且︹< 一 .=閃パ℃Oω .O↑パ兵]﹂O已く パのΦ=図閃烏 .Oμパ「づ切O」〕Φ」 < . パOう ) ( 閃O < . 肩の ) ( 閃Z °。Oパの(自4頂 ・ ・ 雨Z) 閃O) Φ』) ㊤吟マ0-OO ・…・・……工T NON一ーoo⌒ .…・・°……レ 寸ρOOOi一〇り .・………・・口 祈 苦芥H 已あの .Φ↑W■0=04品= ⊂﹄切 .O●]﹂廿﹀工一L﹂O匡 O﹂O .O一︹㎏﹂Φ↑Oパ瞼①[︻o.㊦共 =込ω .口ρパ∈O』兵O ロパで .Φ●一﹂﹂ΦSO]吻O自04何※ N寓 ∀ マO ( エO) マO マO ∀O NΦ」 Φ」 ↑O uっΦ」 N㊤」i-X N」O㊤」 NΦ』。o実 o 回 ぷ之 .o D下r.椰 、L」:L ニ .」 1-. 巴 ・.や D..r-- ・→ … や .ご∴.’ 』..F. 「畠・層叩. .1.「『-” kP.+ .L.・.・.. 賜:こ:苓…’ …テ ..憂羊”..’+ ..:’::ニニニ’’・・令 :「ウ.+ u:i....1. 斑㊨’零「.+ 潤@・.ヰ ¥ OOO,Oむ⊃ OOO.O守 OOO.ON 9 e“ ON⇔O‘O[ y↑O-ON ∀㊤マO‘↑一 〇マ一〇‘⑰め ゜。 n°っ?㊤゜で O鴎 OO一 Oロ一 90N O頃N ロレ十●〆 ■ー°山’°占ーペ “-F’入■ーo山 専‘ [sdつユ ↑Z一出 ‥ 柳製罵 頃の…〇一 〇〇〇ー(閃工ー一〇 … 田製罵 寸N一〇,↑一‘O⊃ 申X ミヤ》S マNOO」Φ功コ ↑一‘O⊇ ⊥N入[ 申ミ゜ミ中
闇㌧《田阻艦
‘幽)も
133 Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 一u。δ閃工 一一”〇一「【一 「ー〉口苫ーOOOO一 (ぐう ウO中)NON回」Oω一〇りら一閃自宮」ー× .Nー吟ち幽ぽ 一 で」O .⊂句一〇一㊦O .ω↑一」【< O]⋮巳Oので㊤﹀]臼司〇一のU=o∂㊦= 廿 .=閃一廿Oの 「 .已閃WOO切 O .=mパ可Oの .O●↓工]﹂O⊂< .O一パ=]﹄O⊂< .Φ]パ工声゜糾OC<
u<<x
層〔....こ力 ) 「< o匡) 一の) Wの) 一く) ( oコO 摩さ i × ( 勺Z (泊Z (偲Z ・ . ・ . 閃雨閃閃閃ovvzz
))))) Ooo∀「-一マ 迫凱マO-σ⊃N 一〇〇マ一‘〔∀ NON一‘°〇一 口O∨⇔‘⑦O ロじ十●× 祷ウ←一一司 廿」o の司℃ O骨唱=]㊦⊂OC .Φ声W』」O㎏O一のΦ⊂o.焔逐 ⊆﹀切 .Φ]⋮∈O﹂工O =〉の .O↑一砂O⊂M一閃文 .Φ]唱﹂−伺ΦHOパのO二〇〇勺工 」 ・ ゜O)(。4エ ∀O 寸O 寸O ∀O .o』) N⑤』ーー= N袖O①] No」 o匡 N㊤」。o= D..1 D香 .び....じ D血..や .....1≡:.:i⊇ ナ …レ..Q 撃戟ヒ二1::才 .「 「x 」..「..1L @▼・争…◎ @.1『二び..◎ @ ...・....・..口 @ ・・→ o e..L 氈D....・o ●瓦__ロ ..■◆ OOO Oロ⊃ OOO,Oマ OOO.ONO 〇〇 ONOO-⑳一 Cマ一〇ーマ否 マ㊤寸O‘ト一 Oマ〔‥O-NN
ア・っO-O夢う ON Oe OO Ooo 90「 ON[ Oマ【 ロレ十●Y “〜°山ん占ー槽 Aーち︵“ー°] 〔sdつ〕遠了導‘ ↑Z一匡 杣田亘 ∀一‥一一 〇〇〇‘Σ閃湾‘一〇 . 7 田般罵 マN一〇.NON口 . . 申\ ミヤト尽 寸NOO」㊤のコ ‥ NON垣 ‥ ムN×〔 Wミ゜ミ●
淵£《hロμ幽附
牌軽慧
‘勾d酌ddD㎏砲
E206
After 5mT AFD ☆//レ
ρ「.’ 5簡T ’ Iσ〆 /◎/ 一●-XY イ〉-XZ Fig 6-L Z6酬dDia騨皿 \ 、 \ \、 へ稿 へ耐ρ\、E202
\。 After 5mT AFD 5mT +XY -{}・XZ Fig 6-2. ㈱|ock}㎎了e剛}rature Sρeotra of n閲目 2ロ5E-Ol 4E-3 _1 ゆ・已監、δ,… 1 eE-3 ハ ハ き1・5ト・ .. _、i l:1託ノ1::1 2、OE-4 0.OE剥{)0 0. OE+e O 100 200 T。mpe,杣,{・解 5°O am Zijiderve正d diagram and unblocking temperature spectra of NRM of E206 “,bleck}㎎ T飼Φr●ture ⑨■etre of 剛 2.5EイOl 2.0ξ一3 1,4E-3^ ° 1°o am T叔8t,,糾c}sw am 70° Zijiderveld diagram and unblocking temperatUre spectra of NRM of E202Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 135
NO昌]。包εめ⇔[ヱ声⊆⊆。乞。て警⋮巨罵乏あ三匡鱈
.N-卜宴
NC岱』○=ε琴;^一(;五8。。o口Σ
E206 ↓ ← 門 R T ・ → 〔 E 門 R N ・ ・ . ● ● ●
圃
■9白
▲
5 E206 ● 93 6138 36目6 4343 ’17 臼9・・ ↑}99 一 b abS吟」口
じ ー & 19F
圃
9940
一 babSr
噺 U = 60
82
5 亡L - 4 θ 2 千’、ζ、μT 仇・鋤丁 ● . ・Horizonta1 3e4 354\ \ \ 0 ..)artioa1 §e283 522 7き 43 1 5 u NRM 2θ4 158 3 ε竈3 Y Coe version of the Thelliers) method of E206Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 137 TR卜1 u × E202 ab5戸 b 「 目89 9ρワー8 79B7 9§4 4つ∀65
『
Honizon七a1 )ar七ica1 55∨ 5∨ 522 53蛋…22 寝・ 5臼2ら
\ k\ \ \ 5e2圃
Fig 8・2. Coe version of the Thelliers’ method of E202 4㌶
383@2di e
ユ3 / 3θ4 354ロω
n6 ’0 4
α0.0.
00.
0 シ 01 1 0
0 0 0 0
0」之
O.O Sample:E206-B1,2.Og Sample:E206-B亘 3.5 3.O o OmT OmT Han=46μT 2、5 5mT o 10mT l2・°y−。⑨18x ‖ ’・’ ,:,, 1.。。6x
LO TRM=TRM(400°C・OuT) α5 50mT100mT
O.0 05 1.0 1.5 0.0 10 2.0 3.0 4.O TRM/NRMO ARM2AgRMO Fig 9-1(a). Results of the Shaw method of E206 with TRM at 400℃ Sample:E206-B 1,2.Og Sample:E206-B 1 3.5 3.O o OmT OmT I{anニ265L↓T 2.5 0 5mT IO皿T 2 2,0 10mT ζ ピ 目 L5 v=LO32 x yニ0530x LoTRM=TRM(500°C,50u
O.5 50mTlOOmT
O.O l・0 2・0 3・0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.O TR酬RMO ARM2/NRMO Fig 9・1(b). Results of the Shaw method of E206 with TRM at 500℃Rock Magnetism of Unzen Vblcanic Rocks 139 E206 is illustrated. If all the domains are single, A pTRM/∠1 T does not spread out from the temperature range of pTRM. In this figure, pTRM tailed out for about 90℃from 230℃. Fig.12-2 is the same figure on E202. PTRM attached between 450℃-480℃was thermal demagnetized. The tail spreads out for about 40℃. As the traditional Thelliers’method requires single domain with no tail, correct intensity could not be obtained from these two samples with tails. Summary of paleomagnetic intensity by the new method(Zheng method)are listed in Table 2(E206)and Table 3(E202).The bomb sample(E206)laid and cooled directly on the ground showed 42μT, and the spherical slided dome lava sample(E202)of 2m height not affected so much by the ground rock showed 45μTAs the precise imtensity can be obtained from the new method, the difference from IGRF of 47 pt T represents the difference of the rock-contributed field. 7.Magnetic characters of the drilling core pumice The pumice part of USDP-1 drilling core of the depth in ab皿t 640m was numbered as USDP(or uncore or UNC). In Fig.13, results of hysteresis analysis by vibrating magnetometer and alternating field demagnetization(AFD)are shown. From the calculation of the hysteresis parameters, it is plotted in pseudo single domain region in Day Plot. NRM decreased to less than haIf in 10 mT The rapid decrease of NRM suggests the maglletic components are unstable. Thermal analysis of the initial susceptibility(κ)in air was carried out to find out the unstable reason. The results are shown in Fig.14 and Fig.15. Fig.14 showed the unstable (cont. on page 147) Sample:E202⇒B l,1.9g Sample:E202-Bl 1.2 1.0 LO 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0,0 ==S8.2pT TRM TRM(550°C.50u「1. 100rnT 0.5 LO
T㎜WO
1.5 0.8 §o.6き
」・・ 0,2 0.0 0,0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8ARM2㎜0
L( Fig 9-2. Results of the Shaw method of E202.口﹂㊦浸5唱烏ξ工]写P ΦON国]O§﹄、廿口田菱﹄[>O閃おO①αロ堕㊤﹂コ一閃﹂㊤ユ日O]切口還02ρ自コ
(還く{ぎの
ト,O O,O 吟,O マ,O O,O N.O 一,O (intPlegooped .N・O【壌蛋 O,OO
ON8
8 8一 O穿 8⇔ Ω居 日艮智(一目く(9喜↑
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マ ウ (O・ロノ∀)工9㎜9 1…δ,埠 1岩,O .已田亀旦で婦ξ泪↑写P ㊤O㏄口︸O∼昆﹄ごで弓口昆Z︸O閃﹂]O①qoワ㊤﹂コ]雨﹂①自日①]蜘自ヨOO一ρ自コ (日ミー套5°ウ ト,O O,O 埠,O ■,O め、O N,O 一,O (」貝)隅Oりoo押d .目-O中℃£〔』 O,OO
♀ 88
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↑⊃OO〜ゆ㊦11‘ゴ コ審富瓦 (=ロー=)廿一Φ一↑OΦ一口△ ◇ ト烏ぬく. ⇔\=匡↑O芝崖Z ξ\差↑○……
↑5〈.↑⇔\苦㏄字り祈N十 トー8畠亙身 冒司覧ち巴§吟ρ目一§日㊤↑oo§3自つ 8,0 8.O 。.⇔迦三㎜
㎞§⑭
鵠.O O否,O 宇]O.O ⑭ー岩,F 。り |山.d卿 吟山。.。四 旬 訓 “9P岩.マO ( 吟-岩,。っ ・っ[…古,O141 Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks .【已d」蜘口…唱百㎏<田写 NON鋼︸O目]ごで已閃∼口[﹄O閃担OΦOoり①﹂ヨ付﹄ΦO日Φ一bρロ理OO一﹄ロコ (還く{良望5°う O,O O.の O.㊥ O,.管 O、N O,一 .N-=切田 O,O O (in)P阿。ePSd 8 R 8 8↑ 金這 Ω活 9∋ 8マ 日き層く (O°§呂昌§↑ ●マ § 9再 9& 8P 8↑ 8 O O,O N,O マ.O 。6㌔
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ON 宇8
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自マ 8.っ § 尋N ◎OO一 〇NF ◎りO
O.O N.O ∨,O ・コ ц ….㎜ ・ぽ 二輌 マ,F q∋ C一 〇〇 C一 ’卜 ス一⇔∼N[‖自一囲 コ雷烏匡 (= gロ[=) 唱一〇一↑OΦ一句生 ◇ ↑庄UO〈 .」°⇔\=匡↑O ↑⇔\■匡」○・-:.・- ↑巨頃く .」°⇔\苦字=勺静N÷ 〒NON田”心一身肩喝〜憂、量ω』」冒◎一§
宇…8,0 NI…δ,N 一 cr‘ 8 岩 e t (oパml∀)工●〃酬9 co 一pTRM loss during廿hermal dcmagnetization Sample:E206 0.20 0.16 2 8 」 0 0 0 (日、S。。民§ξ-蚕㌦ O.04 0,00 0
Hlab=500uT
50 100 一Blocking Temp. 一◎-@P丁RM_remaining -Q-一 δpTRM」oss/δT 150 200 250 TemperatUre(°C) 300 350 400 0,000 宕\ωの三」差↑ε PSD-like grains dominant The behaviour of p [RM loss during thermal demagnetization shows t}le difference between unblocking temperature(T..{ub})and blocking temperature(T」b},given temperature intervals), E206 specimen was used to acquire a pTRM(T_{i+1},T」i}, H_{1ab})(cooljng from T_{i+1}to T_{i}in arthicia1 field H_{lab}=500 uT, then in zero field when TくT-{i}), and then thermal derriagnetization was perforrned to obtain itS unblockmg teniperatufe(T-{ub})dis廿ibudon、 Here the blocking temperatUre(T-{b})is equal to(T_{i+1},T_{i}). Fig 12-1. pTRM loss during thermal demagnetization of E206 pTRM loss during thermal demagnet立a60n Sample:E202 0.25 0.20 5 0 4- - む む (ε≧Oc三句§」プαト己 0.05 0.00 H lab=500uT 一 Blocking Temp. 黹フト pTRM_rema i n i ng 黷ュ〉一 δpTRM」oss/δT 0,006 O,005 O,004 O,003 O,002 O,001 0,000 350 400 450 500 Temperature(℃) 550 600 ト勺\器旦i差トOQ Fig 12-2. pTRM loss during thermal demagnetization of E202Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 143 ange G(°C) 。1 P 2 aeO_lntenSlty U Sample
@ :
‘Behavi・r 当 ドal (°C)1(mT)1(uT)l l iSUM(pTRMI)pTRM2
Plateau lCorrected 1 eliabnit E2°6’I PSDlika与5已4°°il°~3°
3 1 0.796 ‘ 0.96~1.00 40 士101 一 i d206-2 1, @ 「@」
1, 1 ” ” 0,823 40 ± 5 139 土 1 E206-3 ,r l ,1 「 「「 ’, ll ,’ 0.821 [0.98~1.08141 ± 6139 土 4 ‘ E206-4 ,「 @ l ll@.
n ” ’r ,1 0.831 「0.94~1.12141 土 8 . 40 土 51 .Mean
「 3 10.818±0.015! @ 同0士6ト39±1[ G
‘E206-5 PSD-lik 5 40 350 40~35q 3 1 0.964 0.73~0.87 34 ± 1
43土4i
E206-6 「1 け 1, @ 10~35(i4 1 0.857 LO5~L41 42 ~54 41± 4 E206-7 「1 Il “ II @! il 50-35q.5 0,874 0.88~1.41 36 〜60「「 43 ▲ 2 E206-8 1 II II.
h 1 「l l50~30…4 i 0,841 1.05~L34 39 ~54 i42 ± 4 Mean | . e 4 . 0.884±0.055 ‘ .S6 土 gi42 士 1 . i E‘ ‘ 1!
sotal ‘ ‘ 144 士 81 41 ± 4. i 1 Notes:N:Number of intervals from which apparent plateau paleofield was estimated, AFD:Strength of AF dem H」ab:a laboratory field to produce TRM(a artificial‘’NRM”)for the correction of magnetostatic interac pTRMl:acquired during lst RUN for ”pick-up” apparent paleointensity.pTRM2:acquired during 2nd Rl grain’s interaction.Reliability:E(excellent), G(good). R(reference). Table 2. Summary of paleomagnetic intensity of E206 by the new method1
a一l n ang引
l p
2 1aeo_mtenSlty u eliabniSample Beha、’ior
1(mT) (uT)1(°C) (°C)
N
βUM(pTRM1)pTRM2
ト Plateau ,Correctedl . E202-1 SD・likd 5 50 560 1200~56q81
1 0.946 0.25~L50 ll2 ~61μ4 ±31 E202-2 ,, ,1 ,■ ll ,, i ” 1( 0.950 0,68~L47 30 ~6244 ±21 E202-3 ,1 ,1 ,● 閥 n ’ “ . 0,991 0.77~L32 「 36 ~6847 ±4・E2024
,, ” ” “ .l l ,l l ヒ 0,955 0.74~L47 34 一`63
45。計
E202-5 ll ” ” ” ll 1, 0,946 0.63~1.45 31 ~6645 ラ」4
E202・6 ” “ ■, ,, 200~540、 7 0962 0.38~1.36 21 ~6247 ±4!..Mean
16 40 土12[45 ±1i I E 1 Notes:N:Number ofintervals ff)m which apparent plateau palcofield was estirnated AFD:Strer}gth ofAF demagnetization pre-treatT H」ab:a laboratory field to produee TRM(a artificial”NRM”)for the correction ofmagnetostatic intcraction effect. pTRM1:acquired during l st RUN fbr ”pick・up”apparent palcointensity.pTRM2:aequired during 2nd RUN fbr”correction”of grain,s interaction. Reliability:E(excellent), G(good), R(ref已㎝㏄). Table 3. Summary of paleomagnetic intensity of E202 by the new methodエ∩°りD甘ロエく廿5・ゆ窃上閃ロ閃・・笏㊤」理採= ..う一℃⑮筐 Z
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400 200 0 Sarnple: USDP-1(雲仙コァ,地調から) 0 胃eight Atiinsphere Appli6d field Rate 100 200 300 400 Temperature(℃) 500 220㎎ 1n air 300~tm ll℃fmin 600 35 30 25 20 宕 15ミ ? 10 5 0 一5 700 1200 1000 800 婁 さ 苧 600 巴 400 200 0 0 Sam le:USDP-1(雲仙コァ,地調から) Weight Atmosphere 《ppliod f{eld Rate 220㎎ In 8it 300A缶 11℃/min Fig 15. 100 200 300 400 500 60G 700 Temperature(℃) Thermal analysis of the initial susceptibility(κ)of USDP 一一 550℃and 650℃. 20 Is ↑℃\㎏㊨1 10@ 5
0 一5Rock Magnetism of Unzen Volcanic Rocks 147 curves under 450℃.Aκ/A T peaks were also changeable under 450℃.The curves up to the 550℃and 650℃(Fig.15)showed decreased susceptibility after heating. That might be caused by the mineral change during the experiments. 8.Results and Conclusions Graphic curve of the temperature dependence of the initial susceptibility(κ)shows change with time in the 1991-1995 eruptions of Unzen. In the demagnetization of the isothermal remanence magnetization(IRM),the change might be probable during 1991- 1995.Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the same binding energy of Fe2p3/20rbit on these 1991-1995 samples. But that of the 1762 eruption seemed to have the different binding energy. Paleointensity determination by the new method developed by Zheng was successful on the recent Unzen volcanic rocks. E206 erupted in 1991 showed 42±1μT, and E202 erupted in 1993 showed 45±1μTパn regard to the expected intensity of 47μT(IGRF 90,95). Difference from IGRF can be explained by the accuracy of the new method. The new method can show the individual local magnetic field condition of the sample. The sample of the Old Unzen pumice obtained丘om the drilling core at about 640m depth showed quick decay in alternating field demagnetization. Susceptibility varied during the temperature analysis that might be caused from the chemical change of the speclmen.