アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理：「職業教育国庫補助委員会報告書」（1914 年）を中心に

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(1)アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理. ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ᡽╷ߩ⺰ℂ 㧙㧙‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧔1914 ᐕ㧕ࠍਛᔃߦ ᮮየ. ᕡ㓉. ͉̲͛ͅ ߎࠇ߹ߢࠊ߇࿖ߢߪ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵ߩಾࠅᝥߡ߇ㅴࠎߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᣢߦ 1990 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㜞╬ቇᩞ⡯ᬺቇ⑼㧔ኾ㐷ቇ⑼㧕߿౏౒⡯ᬺ⸠✵ߩ❗ዊ㧙㧙⃻࿷ߢߪ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺ⸠✵‫ޠ‬ ߣ޿߁↪⺆ߩઍࠊࠅߦ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺ⢻ജ㐿⊒‫ࠆ޿ߡࠇߐ↪૶߇⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬㧙㧙߇ㅴⴕߒ‫౏ޔ‬ᢎ ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵ߩ‫ޟ‬Ყ㊀ߩૐਅ‫ޠ‬㧝㧕㧔૒‫৻⧷ᧁޘ‬㧕߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ ᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥߩಽ㊁ߢ߽‫౏ޟޔ‬ᢎ⢒‫ޠ‬᭎ᔨߩ໧޿⋥ߒߩ⼏⺰߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆਛߢ‫౏ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩਛ ߦ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍ૏⟎ߠߌࠆߎߣߦኻߔࠆ⇼⟵㧞㧕߽಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦᦨㄭߢߪ‫ⴕ┙⁛ޔ‬᡽ᴺੱ‫ࡓ࡝ࠬޟ‬ൻ‫ߩޠ‬ដߌჿߩਅߢ‫౒౏ޔ‬⡯ᬺ⸠✵ߦᄢ߈ߥᓎ ഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ߈ߚ㓹↪࡮⢻ജ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ᑄᱛ߇ 2011 ᐕ 10 ᦬ߦታᣉߐࠇ‫ޔ‬หᯏ᭴߇ⴕߞߡ߈ ߚ౏౒⡯ᬺ⸠✵ߩ❗ዊ߽ෂᗋߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫౏ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒⸠✵ߩ‫ޟ‬Ყ㊀ߩૐਅ‫ޠ‬ ߪ৻ጀㅴⴕߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧟㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ੹ᣣ‫ޟޔ‬ᣂත৻᜝ណ↪‫⚳ޟޠ‬り㓹↪‫ޟޠ‬ᐕഞᐨ೉‫ޟޠ‬ડᬺౝᢎ⢒‫․ࠍ╬ޠ‬ᓽߣߒߚ ‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄ⊛㓹↪‫ߩޠ‬ᄌኈ‫⽎ߦ⪲⸒߁޿ߣޠ࠻࡯࠾ޟޠ࡯࠲࡯࡝ࡈޟߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ᓽߐࠇࠆ㕍ᐕ ߩ㓹↪⁁ᴫߩᖡൻߩਅߢ‫ޟ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ⡯ᬺ⊛ᗧ⟵‫ޠ‬㧠㧕ࠍ໧޿⋥ߔ⼏⺰߽಴ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߣࠇߎߚ߹ޕ‬ 㑐ㅪߒߡࠊ߇࿖ߩᢎ⢒ߪ‫⻉ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ߣᲧߴߡ߽⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵‫ޟߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ⡯ᬺ⊛ᗧ ⟵‫ࠍޠ‬シⷞߒߡ޿ࠆߣߩᜰ៰߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬੐ታ‫ޔ‬࿖㓙⊛ߦߪ࡙ࡀࠬࠦߩ‫ޟ‬ᛛⴚᢎ⢒෸߮⡯ᬺᢎ ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᧦⚂‫ޠ‬㧔Convention on Technical and Vocational Education, 1989㧕㧡㧕߇‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚᢎ⢒ ߿⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᡽╷ࠍ┙᩺ߒ‫߿ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊߩߘޔ‬ᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߩታᣉࠍ਎⇇ฦ࿖ߩ᡽ᐭߩ ⽿ോߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌߡ޿ࠆ‫⻉ߚ߹ޕ‬ᄖ࿖ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵߇ᣣᧄߣ Ყߴߡ㊀ⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧢㧕‫ޕ‬ ਎⇇ผ⊛ߦߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ቇᩞᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᝄ⥝╷߇ขࠄࠇߚߩߪ 19 ਎♿ᓟඨ߆ ࠄ 1920 ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬േ߈ߩ଀ߣߒߡ‫ߩ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬㧳࡮ࠤ࡞࠮ࡦࠪࡘ ࠲ࠗ࠽࡯㧔G. Kerschensteiner㧕߇ᚻᎿᢎ⢒߿⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᝄ⥝ߦዧജߒߚߎߣ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬ว ⴐ࿖㧔એਅࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍⷙቯߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯ 㧔1917 ᐕ㧕‫ߩߢࠬࡦ࡜ࡈߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ᛛⴚ࡮⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚࠕࠬ࠹ࠖࠛᴺߩ೙ቯ 㧔1919 ᐕ㧕ߥߤࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧣㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩ߁ߜࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ㧔ᱜᑼฬ⒓㧦‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝ࠍⷙቯߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ ߔߥࠊߜㄘᬺ߿Ꮏᬺߦ߅ߌࠆߎߩࠃ߁ߥᢎ⢒ߩᝄ⥝ߦ㑐ߔࠆᎺߣߩදജ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺ⑼⋡ߩᢎຬ ߩ㙃ᚑߦ㑐ߔࠆᎺߣߩදജࠍⷙቯߒ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄ࠍഀࠅᒰߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᡰ಴ߦߟ޿ߡⷙ೙ߔࠆᴺᓞ‫ޠ‬㧕㧤㧕 ߪ‫ޔ‬නߦ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߦߟ޿ߡⷙቯߒߚߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬Ԙㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ ᬺᢎ⢒ߩቯ⟵‫ޔ‬ԙ⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩಽ㊁㧔ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽㧕‫ޔ‬Ԛ⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߥ ࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃㧔ోᣣ೙‫ޔ‬ቯᤨ೙‫ޔ‬ᄛ㑆㧕෸߮ߘࠇߙࠇߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߩ᧦ઙߦߟ޿ߡ ߽ⷙቯߒߡ߅ࠅ‫౏ޟޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ೙ᐲൻࠍଦߒ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲߩၮᧄࠍ᭴▽ߒ. -1-. 125.

(2) 横尾恒隆. 126. ߚ‫ޠ‬㧥㧕ᴺᓞߣߒߡ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄⓂߪ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ೙ቯߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߩ ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ޠ‬ 㧔Commission on National Aid to Vocational Education‫ޔ‬એਅ‫ޟ‬࿖ ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ޠ‬㧕ߩႎ๔ᦠ 㧝㧜㧕㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧕ࠍಽᨆߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦ ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᱜᒰൻߩ⺰ℂࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߩ⻉൘๔ߩᢎ⢒ผ⊛ ᗧ⟵ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦨೋߦߎߩႎ๔ᦠߦ㑐ߔࠆవⴕ⎇ⓥߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޕ‬ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⎇ⓥ߇ᣣ☨ߢ⫾Ⓧߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޟߪߡ޿߅ߦࠄࠇߘޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫߇ޠ‬ หᴺ೙ቯ߳ߩᄢ߈ߥᒢߺߣߥߞߚߣᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ߩࠄࠇߎߒ߆ߒޕ‬ⓥߩ߁ߜࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ ߩ߽ߩߢߪ‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߘߩ᭎⇛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⚫੺ߐࠇߡ޿ߡ߽‫ᧄߩߘޔ‬ᩰ⊛ ߥಽᨆߪⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬Ԙߎߩႎ๔ᦠߦࠃࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᱜᒰൻߩ⺰ℂ‫ޔ‬ԙหႎ๔ ᦠߩౝኈߣ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߦෳടߒߚ⻉࿅૕ߢߩ⼏⺰ߣߩ㑐ଥ‫ޔ‬Ԛႎ๔ᦠߩౝኈߣ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ ഥᆔຬળ‫⟎⸳ޠ‬એ೨ߦㅪ㇌⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺ߩߘࠇߣߩ⇣หߥߤߩὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ߶ߣ ࠎߤ⸃᣿ߐࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޔߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬Ԙࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯߦࠃ ߞߡో☨⊛ߥ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ߇⏕┙ߒߚߎߣࠍ㜞ߊ⹏ଔߔࠆ┙႐߆ࠄߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޔ‬ԙߎߩᴺᓞ೙ ቯߦኻߒߡᛕ್⊛ߥ┙႐ࠍขࠆ⎇ⓥߩ޿ߕࠇߦ߽౒ㅢߒߡᜰ៰ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ೨⠪ߩ┙႐ࠍขࠆ⎇ⓥ߆ࠄߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫⎇ࠆ౉ߦ⇵▸ߩߎޕ‬ⓥߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬વ⛔⊛ ߥ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ผ⎇ⓥߩ♽⼆ߦ૏⟎ߠߊ C࡮A࡮ࡌࡀ࠶࠻㧔C. A. Bennett㧕‫ޡ‬ᚻᎿ࡮↥ᬺᢎ⢒ผ 1870 㨪 1917 ᐕ‫ޢ‬㧝㧝㧕㧔History of Manual and Industrial Education 1870 to 1917, 1937㧕‫ޔ‬L ࡮S࡮ࡎ࡯ࠠࡦࠬ㧔L. S. Hawkins㧕‫ޔ‬C࡮A࡮ࡊࡠ࠶ࠨ࡯㧔C. A. Prosser㧕‫ޔ‬㧶࡮㧯࡮࡜ࠗ࠻ 㧔J. C. Wright㧕ߩ‫ޡ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ⊒ዷ‫ޢ‬㧝㧞㧕㧔Development of Vocational Education, 1951㧕‫ޔ‬㧹 ࡮㧸࡮ࡃ࡯ࡠ࡯㧔M. L. Barlow㧕ߩ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޡ‬วⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ↥ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᱧผ‫ޢ‬㧝㧟㧕㧔History of Industrial Education in the United States, 1967㧕╬ࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩ߁ߜࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേผ⎇ⓥߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍᒻᚑߒߚࡌࡀ࠶ ࠻ߩ‫ޡ‬ᚻᎿ࡮↥ᬺᢎ⢒ผ. 1870 㨪 1917 ᐕ‫ޔߪޢ‬ᒰᤨߩਥⷐߥ⾗ᢱߩಽᨆࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬1906. ᐕએ㒠ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ࿖ౝߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേ㧔vocational education movement‫↥ޔ‬ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേ 㧔industrial education movement㧕ߣ߽޿߁㧕ߩዷ㐿ㆊ⒟ߣࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ‫ޟߢ߆ߥߩߘޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ߣ⟎⸳ޠ‬หᆔຬળߦࠃࠆႎ๔ᦠឭ಴߇‫࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯߦ߻ߌߡߩ㊀ⷐߥᱠߺߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߚ߁߃ߢ 㧝㧠㧕‫ޔ‬Ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ ᔅⷐᕈ߿ߘࠇ߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩᔅⷐᕈ‫ޔ‬ԙㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃╬ߩὐ ࠍਛᔃߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝኈࠍ⚫੺ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧝㧡㧕‫ޟޔߪ࠻࠶ࡀࡌߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߦޠ‬ ࠃࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᱜᒰൻߩ⺰ℂߪᔅߕߒ߽ᧄᩰ⊛ߦߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ޿ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊ ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߩߎߣߪ‫ߩ࠻࠶ࡀࡌޔ‬ឭ⿠ߒߚᨒ⚵ߺߩਛߢ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥࠍ⊒ዷߐߖߚࡎ࡯ࠠࡦࠬ╬ ߩ‫ޡ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ⊒ዷ‫↥ޡߩ࡯ࡠ࡯ࡃޔޢ‬ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᱧผ‫߽ߦޢ‬ᜰ៰ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਄⸥ߩߎߣߪ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߦᛕ್⊛ߥ┙႐߆ࠄߩ⎇ⓥߦ߽ᜰ៰ߐࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬⒳ ߩ⎇ⓥߩߥ߆ߢᦨ߽ೋᦼߩ߽ߩߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ߇೙ቯߐࠇߚߩߣหߓ 1917 ᐕߦ಴ߐࠇߚ I ࡮L࡮ࠠࡖࡦ࠺࡞㧔I. L. Kandel㧕ߩ⎇ⓥࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࡖࠠޕ‬ ࡦ࠺࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬หᴺߦߟ޿ߡฦᎺߦᣢሽߩᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ߆ࠄߪ⁛┙ߒߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆᆔຬળ ⸳⟎ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍઁߩᢎ⢒ߣಽ㔌ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᔒะ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆߣᛕ್⊛ߥ⷗ ⸃ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ 㧝㧢㧕‫ߩߎߚ߹ޕ‬ᴺᓞߩ೙ቯࠍଦㅴߒ‫ޔ‬หᴺߩౝኈߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍ␜ߒ. -2-.

(3) アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理. ߚߣߐࠇࠆ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫৻ޟ߇ޠ‬ᣇ⊛ߥ⸽ੱߦࠃࠆ৻ᣇ⊛ߥᆔຬળ‫ ޠ‬㧝㧣㧕ߛߣᛕ್ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟߒ߆ߒޕ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫⥄ޠ‬૕ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩⷐ᳞߇ሽ࿷ߔ ࠆ‫ޔ‬ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩ⽷᡽⊛⽶ᜂߦᎺ߇⠴߃ࠄࠇߥ޿╬ߩℂ↱߆ࠄ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩ ᔅⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚߣ◲⇛ߥᒻߢ⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦㆊ߉ߥ޿㧝㧤㧕‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚࠠࡖࡦ࠺࡞ߣห᭽‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟߿หᴺ⥄૕ߦኻߒߡᛕ್⊛ߥᬌ ⸛ࠍട߃ߚ‫ޟ‬ౣ⸃㉼ਥ⟵‫ޠ‬ᢎ⢒ผቇߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚ৻ㅪߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ผ⎇ⓥߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇ േዷ㐿߿ࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯߩᢎ⢒ผ⊛ᗧ⟵ࠍߘߩ␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛⢛᥊߆ࠄ⸃᣿ߔࠆ ߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚߌࠇߤ߽‫ޟޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߩޠ‬ౝኈߦ㑐ߔࠆᧄᩰ⊛ߥಽᨆߪⴕߞ ߡ޿ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧝㧥㧕‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߩవⴕ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠ߇ࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯߦᄢ߈ ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߎߣߪᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠ⥄૕ߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߪ᭎⇛߇␜ߐ ࠇߡ޿ࠆߦㆊ߉ߕ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬㑐ߔࠆᧄᩰ⊛ߥಽᨆߪⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬หႎ ๔ᦠߦࠃࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᱜᒰൻߩ⺰ℂ߽߶ߣࠎߤ⸃᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥߣߒߡߪ‫৻↰ⷺޔ‬㇢ߩ‫ޟ‬ㄭઍ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩ↥ᬺᢎ⢒᡽╷㧙㧙ࠬࡒࠬ ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᴺᚑ┙ߦ㑐ߔࠆ␠ળቇ⊛⠨ኤ‫ޠ‬㧞㧜㧕ࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห⺰ᢥߪ‫ޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ᧄߩޠ‬ᢥࠍᲧセ⊛⹦⚦ߦಽᨆߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝኈߩ․ᓽࠍ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ␠ળ ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛⢛᥊ߣߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ߽ߩߣߒߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ⺰ᢥߢⷺ↰ߪ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ߣหᴺߩᢎ⢒ผ⊛ᗧ⟵ࠍ‫ޔ‬Ԙหᴺ೙ ቯߩ␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛⢛᥊㧔ߣࠅࠊߌᒰᤨߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩ⊒ዷߣᾫ✵ഭ௛⠪㙃ᚑߩⷐ ᳞㧕‫ޔ‬ԙหᴺ೙ቯߦ߅޿ߡਛᔃ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᜂߞߚో☨↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝දળ㧔National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education‫ޔ‬એਅ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧕ߣઁߩ࿅૕㧔ߣࠅࠊߌࠕࡔ࡝ࠞഭ ௛✚ห⋖㧔American Federation of Labor‫ޔ‬એਅ㧭㧲㧸㧕㧕߿᡽ᴦኅߣߩㅪ៤ߒߚᵴേߥߤߩ ὐ߆ࠄ⸃᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧞㧝㧕‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߣߣ߽ߦⷺ↰ߪ‫ޟޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߩߩ߽ߩߘޠ‬ಽᨆ߽ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⡯ᬺᢎ ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈ߿ߎߩ⒳ߩᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩᔅⷐᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆหႎ๔ᦠߩ⼏⺰ߦߟ޿ߡⷺ ↰ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩᎿ႐ഭ௛⠪ߩૐ⾓㊄߿ㄘᬺߦኻߔࠆ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩᛥ࿶ߥߤᒰᤨߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ␠ળ ߇ᛴ߃ࠆ⍦⋫ߦ⸅ࠇࠆߎߣߥߊ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߦࠃࠆᎿ႐ഭ௛⠪ߩ࿾૏ะ਄ߣㄘ᳃ߩ෼౉Ⴧᄢ ࠍ‫ޟ‬ᐘ㙄‫ޔߡߒߣޠ‬ᓐࠄߩ‫ޟ‬ਇḩࠍࠊ߈ߦߘࠄߘ߁‫ߣߚߞ޽ߢߩ߽ࠆߔߣޠ‬ᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆ 㧞㧞㧕. ‫ޕ‬. ߹ߚㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆߴ߈⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ᧦ઙߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߥߤߩὐ߆ࠄᬌ ⸛ߒ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ߁ߜోᣣ೙ቇᩞߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᯏ᪾Ꮏ૞ߥߤߩ‫ޟ‬න৻ ‫ޔޔޔޔޔޔ‬ ᛛⴚ㧔Unit Trade㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ਛᩭߣߔࠆ‫ޟ‬න⢻Ꮏߩ㙃ᚑ‫ޠ‬㧔றὐ ේᢥ㧕ࠍᔒะߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޟޔ‬⡯ᬺ ߩ␠ળቇ⊛ᢥൻ⊛⢛᥊ߦߟ޿ߡߩℂ⸃‫ޟ߿ޠ‬ഭ௛໧㗴ߥߤߩ␠ળ⊛⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ㗴⋡‫ޔߪޠ‬ឃ 㒰ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧞㧟㧕‫ޕ‬ ⷺ↰ߩ⎇ⓥߪ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ࠍߘߩ␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛⢛᥊ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߆ࠄ ⸃᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆὐߪᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޟߚ߹ޕ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߩޠ‬ౝኈߦߎࠇࠄߩ⢛᥊߇ߤ ߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆὐߢ߽ᭂ߼ߡ⥝๧ᷓ޿‫߆ߒޕ‬ ߒߘߩ෻㕙‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠ߇൘๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐௝ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ᚑ┙ߒߚࠬࡒ ࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩ߽ߣߢㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ․ᓽߣታ㓙એ਄ߦ⚿߮ߟߌ ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ௑ะ߇޽ࠆߎߣߪุቯߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬. -3-. 127.

(4) 横尾恒隆. 128. એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦᣣ☨ߩవⴕ⎇ⓥߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ೙ቯㆊ⒟ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ߣ⟎⸳ޠ‬หᆔຬળߦࠃࠆႎ๔ᦠߩឭ಴߇ᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߒߡ޿ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߥ ߇ࠄ߽‫৻ޔ‬ㇱࠍ㒰߈หႎ๔ᦠߩౝኈߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ᩰ⊛ߦಽᨆߪߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ߩߎޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߦࠃࠆ ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥᱜᒰൻߩ⺰ℂߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⸃᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕవⴕ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬ߇ޠ‬ᴺ೙ ቯଦㅴߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߣ⹏ଔߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇޽ࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߦߟ޿ߡ᥉ㅢᢎ⢒ᢎ ⢒೙ᐲߣ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲߩಽ㔌߿‫ߩޠࡓ࠭࠾ࠢ࠹ࡁࡕޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍᔒะߒ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫␠ޟ‬ ળቇ⊛ᢥൻ⊛⢛᥊‫␠ޟޔޠ‬ળ⊛⚻ᷣ⊛‫ߥޠ‬⢛᥊ߦ㑐ߔࠆౝኈ߇ឃ㒰ߐࠇߚߣᒝ⺞ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ ߽޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߩ߇ታᘒߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬వⴕ⎇ⓥߩ⁁ᴫࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎ߊߥࠄ߫‫ޟߕ߹ޔ‬࿖ᐶ ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߩޠ‬ౝኈࠍߘߩᧄᢥߦහߒߡౣᐲᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ߣࠇߘޕ‬ หᤨߦหႎ๔ᦠߩ⻉൘๔ߦ‫ߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߦෳടߒߡ߈ߚ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱‫↪૶ޔ‬⠪࿅ ૕ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆో☨⵾ㅧᬺ⠪දળ㧔National Association of Manufacturers‫ޔ‬એਅ㧺㧭㧹㧕‫ޔ‬ ో☨⊛ߥഭ௛⚵ว⚵❱ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ㧭㧲㧸╬ߩ⻉࿅૕ߩ⼏⺰‫ࠬ࡜ࠣ࠳ޟߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ᆔຬળ ႎ๔ᦠ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߤޔࠍࠇߘߩߤߥޠ‬෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚవⴕ⎇ⓥߩേะߦ㐓ߺᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬એਅߩੑὐࠍ⺖㗴ߣߔࠆ‫ߩߎޔߦ৻╙ߕ߹ޕ‬ ႎ๔ᦠߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩ⺰ℂࠍ‫ޔ‬Ԙᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫ޠ‬໧㗴ߥߤߩ⚻ᷣ⊛ℂ↱‫ޔ‬ ԙ౏┙ቇᩞߩㅴ⚖ㆃṛ໧㗴ߣ⟵ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆⚳ੌᓟߩሶߤ߽ߚߜߩዞഭ໧㗴ߥߤߩὐ߆ࠄ⸃ ᣿ߔࠆ‫ߦ߉ߟޕ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃෸߮ߘߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߥߤߩὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩ᧦ઙߥߤߩ൘๔ߩ․⾰ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎ߅ߥޕ‬ὐߩ⸃᣿ߦᒰߚ ߞߡߪ‫ޟޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫⟎⸳ޠ‬એ೨߆ࠄ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߩዷ㐿ㆊ⒟ߢឭ⿠ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ⼏⺰ ߇ߎߩႎ๔ᦠߩౝኈߦਈ߃ߚᓇ㗀ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛߽㊀ⷞߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ หᤨߦᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃‫ޔ‬ԙㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥ ࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ᧦ઙߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ˍȅȶ࣭ࡩ༞੩տ֥ٛȷ͈୭౾ ᦨೋߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ߩ⟎⸳ޠ‬ㆊ⒟ߦߟ޿ߡ⸅ࠇߡ߅ߊߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺߣߒߡߪ‫৻╙ޔ‬ᰴࡕ࡝࡞ᴺ㧞㧠㧕㧔First Morrill Act‫ޔ‬1862 ᐕ೙ቯ㧕 એ㒠ߩ৻ㅪߩᴺᓞࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ 㧞㧡㧕‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᴺᓞߪ‫ࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޔ‬Ბ㓏ߩㄘቇ࡮Ꮏ ቇᢎ⢒‫ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ࠍㅢߓߚㄘ᳃ߦኻߔࠆㄘቇߩ⍮⼂ߩ᥉෸ߥߤࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ߽ ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬Ꮏ႐ഭ௛⠪ࠍ㙃ᚑߒߚࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᢎ⢒ⷐ᳞ߦᔕ߃ࠆߚ߼ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺߪ‫ޔ‬ 㐳޿㑆೙ቯߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯߦߟߥ߇ࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ೙ቯㆇേߪ‫ޔ‬1906 ᐕએ㒠ో☨࡟ ࡌ࡞ߢⴕࠊࠇߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߪ‫ޔ‬1906 ᐕߩࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆ‫↥ޟ‬ᬺ࡮ᛛⴚᢎ⢒ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧔Report of the Commission on Industrial and Technical Education, એਅ‫ࠬ࡜ࠣ࠳ޟ‬ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧕ឭ಴‫ޔ‬෸߮หᐕ ߩ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱⚿ᚑࠍᄾᯏߣߒߡᆎ߹ߞߚߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧞㧢㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ೙ቯㆇേߪ‫ޔ‬ᣣ☨ߩవⴕ⎇ⓥ߇ᒝ⺞ߔࠆߩߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋ ߆ࠄ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߩਛᔃ⊛ߥ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ૏⟎ઃߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߚࠊߌߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰೋㅪ㇌⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺㧞㧣㧕㧔1907 ᐕ㧝᦬ 22 ᣣឭ಴෸߮ 1908 ᐕ㧞᦬ 27 ᣣឭ಴ߩ߽ ߩ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߢ⸳┙߇߼ߑߐࠇߡ޿ߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߣ޿߁ࠃࠅߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺࡂࠗ㨯ࠬ. -4-.

(5) アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理. 129. ࠢ࡯࡞‫ޔ‬ᚻᎿࡂࠗ㨯ࠬࠢ࡯࡞‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚࡂࠗ㨯ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߥߤᣢሽߩࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞೙ᐲߩ৻Ⅳߣ ߒߡᛛⴚᢎ⢒߿⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺ߣߒߡߩ⦡ᓀ߇ᒝ߆ߞߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬ ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߩਛᔃ⊛ߦᜂߞߡ޿ߚ࿅૕ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ߞߚ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ ৻ᣇߢ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺ߩᔅⷐᕈߪ⹺߼ߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩౝኈࠍో㕙⊛ߦ⢐ ቯߒߚ߽ߩߣߪ޿߃ߥ޿ᓸᅱߥᘒᐲࠍขߞߡ޿ߚ㧞㧤㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߘࠇએ㒠‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺㧔࠺࡯ࡆࠬ࡮࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺‫ࠖ࠙࡮ࠫ࡯ࡍޔ‬ ࡞࠰ࡦᴺ᩺ߥߤ㧕ߩౝኈ߇㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩᗧะߦᴪߞߚ߽ߩߦୃᱜߐࠇߡ޿ߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ หදળߪᴺ᩺ᚑ┙ࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦᡰេߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ ߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬1912 ᐕߦ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇ േߩో☨⊛ߥℂ⺰⊛ߥᜰዉ⠪ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧯࡮㧭࡮ࡊࡠ࠶ࠨ࡯㧔C.. A.. Prosser㧕߇੐ോዪ㐳ߦዞછᓟ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠍਛᔃߦߎߩ⚵❱ߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺೙ቯߩߚ߼ߦ♖ജ⊛ߥᵴേࠍ ዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ߞߚ㧞㧥㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆ࠺࡯ࡆࠬ࡮࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺‫ࡦ࠰࡞ࠖ࠙࡮ࠫࠗࡍޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߥߤߩᴺ᩺ ߩክ⼏ߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘ᳃ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᎺ┙ㄘᬺࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩ᜛ᒛㇱ㐷߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆࠬࡒ ࠬ࡮࡟࡯ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߩߘࠇߣ┹วߒߚߎߣ߽޽ߞߡ㔍⥶ߒߚ㧟㧜㧕‫ ߒ߆ߒޕ‬1914 ᐕ㧝᦬ߦਔ㒮 วห᳿⼏╙㧡ภߦࠃߞߡ‫࡯ࡃ࡯࡟࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩᚑ┙ߣᒁ߈ᦧ߃ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫⸳ޠ‬ ⟎߇᳿ቯߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ೙ቯߩേ߈߇ᧄᩰൻߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ 㧟㧝㧕. ‫ޕ‬. ߎߩᆔຬળߪ‫࡯ࡃ࡯࡟࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩឭ᩺⠪ߩ৻ੱߢ‫ޔ‬หᆔຬળߩႎ๔ᦠឭ಴ᓟ‫ࡒࠬޔ‬ ࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺ߩឭ᩺⠪ߩ৻ੱߣߥࠆ㧴࡮ࠬࡒࠬ㧔H. Smith㧕਄㒮⼏ຬ‫ޔ‬ห⼏ຬߣߣ߽ ߦߎߩᴺ᩺ߩឭ᩺⠪ߣߥࠆ㧰࡮㧹࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭㧔D. M. Hughes㧕ਅ㒮⼏ຬ‫ޔ‬หᆔຬળ⸳⟎એ ೨ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺ߩឭ᩺⠪ߦߥߞߚࡍࠗࠫ਄㒮⼏ຬࠍ฽߻ 㧠ੱߩㅪ㇌⼏ળ⼏ຬ‫ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱੐ോዪ㐳ߩࡊࡠ࠶ࠨ࡯ࠍ฽߻㧡ੱߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᏒ ᳃‫ޔ‬ว⸘㧥ฬߩᆔຬ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬หᆔຬળߪ‫ޔ‬1912 ᐕ㧠᦬ߦ⊒⿷ߒ‫ޔ‬ᆔຬ㐳ߦ ߪࠬࡒࠬ਄㒮⼏ຬ߇ዞછߒߚ㧔㧥㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ వㅀߩࠃ߁ߦࠠࡖࡦ࠺࡞ߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᆔຬળ߇‫৻ޟ‬ᣇ⊛ߥ⸽ੱߦࠃࠆ৻ᣇ⊛ߥᆔຬળ‫ ޠ‬㧟㧞㧕 ߢ޽ߞߚߣᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߦߟ৻ߪࠇߎޕ‬หᆔຬળߦ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߢᵴേߒߡ޿ߚੱ‫ࠍޘ‬ ߪߓ߼ߣߒߡ 㧟㧟㧕‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒㑐ଥ⠪ߪ฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬᥉ㅢᢎ⢒㑐ଥ⠪߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߦࠃࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ 㧟㧠㧕‫ߩߎߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᆔຬળߦߪ‫ޔ‬㧭㧲㧸↥ᬺᢎ⢒․೎ᆔຬ ળߩᆔຬ߽ോ߼ߚ㧭࡮ࡀࠬ࠲࡯㧔A. Nestor‫ޔ‬ᅚᕈ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨ࿖㓙ᚻⴼ⵾૞Ꮏ⚵วળ㐳㧕߇฽߹ ࠇߡ޿ߚ㧔㧥㗁㧕ߎߣߦ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵วߩᗧะߦ߽৻ቯ⒟ᐲ㈩ᘦߔࠆ૕೙߇ ขࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣߦߪᵈ⋡ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫౏ޔߪޠ‬⡬ળߩ㐿௅߿ᢎ⢒㐳㧔Ꮊ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒ‫ޔ‬㇭ߩ㧕‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵ว‫↪૶ޔ‬⠪ ╬߳ߩ⾰໧⚕⺞ᩏߥߤࠍ♖ജ⊛ߦⴕ޿㧔10 㗁㧕‫⿷⊒ޔ‬ᓟ௖߆㧞ࡩ᦬ᓟߩ 1914 ᐕ㧢᦬ߦᦨ ⚳ႎ๔ᦠࠍㅪ㇌⼏ળߦឭ಴ߒߚ㧔㧣㗁㧕‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޕ‬ឭ಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬ ߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩቯ⟵‫ޔ‬ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈ‫ޔ‬Ԛㅪ㇌⵬ഥ߇ߥߐࠇࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃 ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ൘๔ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߢߪߎࠇࠄߩὐߦߟ޿ߡߺߡ߅ߊߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ˎȅ૖ު‫͈֗ޗ‬೰݅ͅ‫̷͈͂࣬ۑ̳ͥ۾‬අಭ ߟ߉ߦߎߩႎ๔ᦠߦࠃࠆ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒‫ޠ‬㧔vocational education㧕ߩቯ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޟࠍ⺆↪ߩߎޔߪޠ‬ዋᐕ‫ޔ‬ዋᅚࠍ᦭↪ߥᬺോ㧔useful employment㧕. -5-.

(6) 横尾恒隆. 130. ߩߚ߼ߩḰ஻ߔࠆ⒳㘃ߩታ↪⊛ߥᢎ⢒ߦ㒢ቯ‫ߣࠆߔޠ‬หᤨߦ‫ޟޔ‬Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬໡ᬺ‫ޔ‬෸߮ ኅ᡽ߩ⍮⼂ࠍၮ␆ߣߔࠆ⡯ᬺߩല₸ࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬14 ᱦએ਄ߩੱ‫ߦޘ‬ኻߒߡਛ╬ Ბ㓏㧔secondary grade㧕ߢߩ⸠✵ࠍਈ߃ࠆᒻᘒߩᢎ⢒‫ߣޠ‬ቯ⟵ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔16 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩቯ⟵ߩ߁ߜ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒‫ࠍޠ‬ਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩ߽ߩߦ㒢ቯߒߚℂ↱ߣߒߡႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ 㧔ࡕ ࡝࡞ᴺߥߤߩᴺᓞࠍㅢߓߡ㧕ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫᲑ㓏ߦ߅ߌࠆኾ㐷⡯㙃ᚑ‫ޔ‬໡ᬺ࡮Ꮏᬺಽ㊁ߩᜰዉ⠪ 㙃ᚑߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦฦᎺߐࠄߦߪㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ⵬ഥࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁੐ᖱࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚ 㧔36 㨪 37 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩ߽ߩߦ㒢ቯߔࠆᣇ㊎ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷Ꮊߢ౏ᢎ⢒ ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲߩ⏕┙ࠍ൘๔ߒ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേዷ㐿ߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߩ৻ߟߣߥߞߚߣߐ ࠇࠆ‫ࠬ࡜ࠣ࠳ޟ‬ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ߿ޠ‬ᴺߦߟߥ߇ࠆᦨೋߩᴺ᩺ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨ ߃ࠄࠇࠆ 1907 ᐕ㧝᦬ 22 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺㧟㧡㧕ߦ߽ߺࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒‫ޟޔࠍޠ‬14 ᱦએ਄‫ࠍޘੱߩޠ‬ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߦ㒢 ቯߔࠆ൘๔ߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦᚑ┙ߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߦ߽⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧟㧢㧕ߌࠇ ߤ߽‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪ‫ޟ‬㧤ᐕ㑆ߩ৻⥸ᢎ⢒ࠍ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߔߴߡߩ࿖᳃ߦ଻㓚ߔࠆ‫ࠍߣߎޠ‬ ‫ޟ‬ౣ⏕⹺‫ ߩ߽ߚߒޠ‬㧟㧣㧕ߢ޽ߞߚߣ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬൘๔ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേࠍផㅴߒߚ࿅ ૕‫ޔ‬൓ജ‫⺰ޔ‬⠪ߩ㑆ߦ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ㐿ᆎᤨᦼߦߟ޿ߡ⺰੎߇޽ߞߚߎߣࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߢ ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേ㐿ᆎᤨߦ૶↪⠪࿅૕ߩ৻ߟ㧺㧭㧹ߩળ㐳㧶࡮㨃࡮ࡧࠔࡦ࡮ࠢ࡝࡯ࡧ 㧔J. W. Van Cleave㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍ 10 ᱦ೨ᓟߩᤨᦼߦ㐿ᆎߔߴ߈ߛߣ޿߁⼏⺰ࠍዷ㐿ߒ ߡ޿ߚ 㧟㧤㧕‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒో☨⊛ߥഭ௛⚵ว⚵❱ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ㧭㧲㧸ߪ‫ޔ‬㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ ᦼ㑆ࠍ౒ㅢᢎ⢒ߩᦼ㑆ߣߔࠆ┙႐߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍ 14 ᱦએ਄ߩ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߦ㒢 ቯߔࠆ┙႐ࠍขߞߡ޿ߚ㧟㧥㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚ⼏⺰ߩ⚻✲ࠍ〯߹߃ࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔ߇ޠ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣ ߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍ‫ޔ‬14 ᱦએ਄ߩ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⠪ߦ㒢ቯߒߚߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬㧭㧲㧸ߩ┙႐ߦ㈩ᘦ ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ߚ߽ߩߣߺࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ᧄߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᩰ⊛ߥ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒㐿ᆎએ೨ߩᤨᦼߦ‫ޔ‬૗ࠄ ߆ߩᒻߢ⡯ᬺ੍஻ᢎ⢒㧔precvocational education㧕ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ㧔ߘࠇߪ㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞ਄⚖ ቇᐕߩ⺖⒟ಽൻ‫ ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬14 ᱦએਅߩᤨὐߢߩߘࠇࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧕ߪุ ቯߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧔46 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔ߇ޠ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍ‫ޟ‬᳃ⴐߦࠃߞߡ⛽ ᜬߐࠇ▤ℂߐࠇߚ‫┙౏ߜࠊߥߔޔߩ߽ޠ‬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߢⴕࠊࠇࠆ߽ߩߦ㒢ቯߔࠆᣇ㊎߽⴫᣿ߒ ߡ޿ߚ㧔80 㗁㧕ߎߣ߽ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㇱಽ߽‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߩዷ㐿ㆊ⒟ߢߩഭ૶ߩ⼏⺰ࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㆇേዷ㐿ߩೋᦼߦߪ‫↪૶ޔ‬⠪‫ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬㧺㧭㧹ߦ⚿㓸ߒߚੱ‫߿┙⑳ޔ߇ޘ‬ડᬺ┙ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙ࠍᔒะߒߚߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵ว ߩో☨⊛ߥ⚵❱ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ߞߚ㧭㧲㧸ߪ‫┙౏ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙ߦࠃࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝ߩᔅ ⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ߚ 㧠㧜㧕‫⁁ߩߘޕ‬ᴫਅߢ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߪ‫┙౏ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ⏕┙ࠍᣇ㊎ߣߔࠆߦ޿ߚߞߚ 㧠㧝㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠ߇‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍ౏┙ߩ߽ߩߦ㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߒߚߩ߽‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩ੐ᖱࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߟ߉ߦㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩಽ㊁ߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޟޕ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬ ળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬਄⸥ߩቯ⟵ߦၮߠ߈⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆಽ㊁ߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬Ꮏ ᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ߩ㧟ߟߦ㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔40 㨪 41 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬໡ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ߩ ኻ⽎߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߒߚℂ↱ߣߒߡหႎ๔ᦠ߇᜼ߍߡ޿ߚߩߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ಽ㊁ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸠✵ࠍฃߌߚ. -6-.

(7) アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理. ഭ௛⠪߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ㧔40 㗁㧕‫৻ޕ‬ᣇኅ᡽ᢎ⢒߇ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߦ฽߹ࠇ ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙㄘ᧛ㇱߢኅᐸߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸠✵ࠍឭଏߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬ԙᩕ㙃჻‫⺞ޔ‬ℂᏧ‫ޔ࠼ࠗࡔޔ‬ ࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡖ࡯ߥߤኅ᡽ߩ⍮⼂ߦၮߠ߈‫ߟ߆߅ߥޔ‬ᅚᕈ߇ᓥ੐ߔࠆᄙߊߩ⡯⒳߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߣ ޿߁ੑߟߩℂ↱ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ㧔41 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩಽ㊁ࠍߎࠇࠄ㧟ߟߦ㒢ቯߔࠆᣇ㊎߽‫ߎޔ‬ ߩႎ๔ᦠ߇ೋ߼ߡߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦవㅀߩ‫ࠬ࡜ࠣ࠳ޟ‬ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧠㧞㧕ߦട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬వㅀߩ 1907 ᐕ㧝᦬ 22 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺એ᧪‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺ߦ߽⷗ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬Ԙ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒‫ࠍ⺆↪߁޿ߣޠ‬ਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩ߽ ߩߦ㒢ቯߒ‫ޔ‬ԙㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩಽ㊁ࠍㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ߩ㧟ߟߦ㒢ቯߔ ࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߒߚߌࠇߤ߽‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᣇ㊎ߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦหᆔຬળ⸳⟎એ೨ߩᴺ᩺ߦ߽⋓ࠅㄟ߹ ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߩ⻉൘๔ߩ․ᓽߪ‫ࠍࠄࠇߘޔ‬ℂ⺰⊛ߦᱜᒰൻߒߡ޿ߚὐߦ޽ߞ ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߟ߉ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦޠ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩᔅⷐᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺰ℂ ࠍ‫ޔ‬Ԙᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫⚻ߩߤߥ⺰ޠ‬ᷣ⊛ℂ↱‫ޔ‬ԙ౏┙ቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆㅴ⚖ㆃṛ໧㗴෸߮⟵ോᢎ ⢒ᦼ㑆⚳ੌᓟߩሶߤ߽ߚߜߩዞഭ໧㗴‫ޔ‬Ԛㅪ㇌ߣᎺߩ㑐ଥ߿ㅪ㇌߇ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⵬ഥࠍⴕ ߞߚ೨଀ߥߤߩὐ߆ࠄ⸃᣿ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ˏȅ૖ު‫͈͒֗ޗ‬Ⴒཆ༞੩͈ຈါ଻͈აၑ Ȫˍȫࠐफഎ̈́ၑဇͥ͢ͅ૖ު‫͈֗ޗ‬ຈါ଻ ᦨೋߦ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥℂ↱ߦࠃࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰߆ࠄߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐ ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬Ԙ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ㕙ߢߩ⻉ᄖ࿖ߣߩ┹੎‫ޔ‬ԙᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ ㅌ‫ޠ‬໧㗴ߥߤߩὐ߆ࠄ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩὐߩ߁ߜ⚻ᷣ㕙ߢߩ⻉ᄖ࿖ߣߩ┹੎ߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱╙㧝࿁ᄢળ 㧔1908 ᐕ㧝᦬㐿௅㧕ߩࡧࠔࡦ࡮ࠢ࡝࡯ࡧߩ⻠Ṷ㧠㧟㧕߿㧺㧭㧹ߩ↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ߇ 1912 ᐕ ߦឭ಴ߒߚႎ๔ᦠ 㧠㧠㧕ߣห᭽‫⚻ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕ߿ߪ߽ޔ‬ᷣ߇‫⥄ޔ‬࿖ߩ⼾ንߥᄤὼ⾗Ḯߩߺߦଐሽ ߢ߈ߥߊߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ‫ࠅࠃޟ‬ᄙߊߩ㗡⣖ࠍ⽼ᄁߒ‫᧚ޔ‬ᢱࠍ⽼ᄁߔࠆߩࠍዋߥߊߔࠆ‫ޠ‬ ⢻ജࠍ߽ߟఝ⑲ߥഭ௛⠪ߩ㙃ᚑߦଐ᜚ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⺰ߓߡ޿ߚ㧔18 㨪 19 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ Ꮏᬺ↢↥ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⻉ᄖ࿖ߣߩ┹੎ߩỗൻߣߘࠇߣ㑐ㅪߒߚഭ௛⠪㙃ᚑߩ໧㗴ߣ㑐ㅪߒߡ ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫߇ޠ‬㊀ⷞߒߡ޿ߚߩߪ‫⻉ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬࿖߇ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߣᲧߴߡ⡯ᬺᢎ ⢒೙ᐲࠍᢛ஻ߒߡ޿ߚߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ㧔23 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߪ‫⻉ޔ‬ᄖ࿖ߣࠅࠊߌ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ⡯ᬺ ᢎ⢒೙ᐲࠍ㜞ߊ⹏ଔߒߡ޿ߚ㧔17 㗁㧕‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേዷ㐿ߩਅߢߎߩㆇേߦෳട ߒߡ߈ߚ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱‫ޔ‬㧺㧭㧹ߥߤߩ࿅૕ߢߩ⼏⺰ࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ㧠㧡㧕‫ޕ‬ หႎ๔ᦠ߇⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩᔅⷐᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥℂ↱ߣߒߡ㊀ⷞߒߡ޿ߚ߽ ߁৻ߟߩὐߪ‫ޔ‬ᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫ޠ‬໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬19 ਎♿ඨ߫એ㒠‫⃻↥↢ޔ‬႐߳ߩᯏ᪾ߩዉ ౉ߦ઻߁ಽᬺൻߩㅴⴕ߽ᓤᒉ೙ߩᢎ⢒⊛ᯏ⢻߇༚ᄬߒߚߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߪ‫ޔ‬ಽᬺൻߩㅴⴕߦࠃࠅᓥ᧪ߩᾫ✵⡯⒳߇ᄙߊߩ⇣ߥࠆ⡯⒳ߦಽഀߐࠇ‫ޔ‬એ೨ߩߘߩ ⡯⒳ో૕ߦᾫ✵ߒߚഭ௛⠪߇ਇⷐߦߥߞߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ᓤᒉߚߜߪ‫৻ߩߘޔ‬ㇱߩᎿ⒟ߒ߆ᢎ᝼ߐ ࠇߥߊߥߞߚߎߣߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ 㧠㧢㧕‫ߣࠇߘޕ‬หᤨߦ‫ޔ‬㧺㧭㧹ߦ⚿㓸ߒߚੱ‫ࠍޘ‬ਛᔃ ߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵วߦࠃࠆᓤᒉ೙ⷙ೙㧔ߘߩߥ߆ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ណ↪ߔࠆᓤᒉߩᢙߩ೙㒢߿ᓤᒉߦኻߒߡ. -7-. 131.

(8) 横尾恒隆. 132. ৻ቯᦼ㑆ߩᓤᒉ⸠✵ࠍⷐ᳞ߔࠆߎߣ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ㧕߇ᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫ߩޠ‬ේ࿃ߛߣߔࠆ⼏⺰߽ዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ 㧠㧣㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫ޠ‬໧㗴߽‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേዷ㐿ߩᣧ޿ᤨᦼ߆ࠄ⼏⺰ ߩର਄ߦタߞߡ޿ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ㧠㧤㧕‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ᯏ᪾ߩዉ౉ߣಽᬺൻߩㅴⴕߦࠃࠆᓤᒉ೙ߩᢎ⢒⊛ᯏ⢻ߩ ༚ᄬࠍ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆℂ↱ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚ㧔19 㨪 20 㗁㧕‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬หႎ ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫ޠ‬໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേ㐿ᆎߩᤨᦼߩ㧺㧭㧹ߦ⷗ࠄࠇߚࠃ߁ ߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵วߦࠃࠆᓤᒉ೙ⷙ೙߇ߘߩේ࿃ߣߥߞߚߣ޿߁ᛕ್ߪߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߎߩߎޕ‬ ߣߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ೙ቯㆇേߩ৻⠢ࠍᜂߞߡ޿ߚ㧭㧲㧸߳ߩ㈩ᘦࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߣߒ ߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫⚻ޔߪޠ‬ᷣ⊛ℂ↱߆ࠄߺߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈߩ⼏⺰ࠍ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⚻ᷣ㕙ߢߩ⻉ᄖ࿖ߣߩ┹੎‫ޔ‬ԙᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫ߩߤߥ⺰ޠ‬ὐ߆ࠄዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߘޕ‬ ࠇߣหᤨߦหႎ๔ᦠ߇‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩᔅⷐᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆ㓙ߦ‫ޔ‬ഭ ௛⚵วߦ㑐ߔࠆᓤᒉ೙ⷙ೙߳ߩᛕ್ߥߤ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ⻉࿅૕ߩኻ┙ ࠍ᜗߈߆ߨߥ޿໧㗴߳ߩ⸒෸ߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮑᅱߦㆱߌߡ޿ߚߎߣߪᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ȫˎȫ࢖ၛ‫ݭૺ͈ࢷڠ‬ಁత࿚ఴ͂݅ྩ‫ۼܢ֗ޗ‬ਞၭࢃ͈ঊ̹̻͈̓͜ਖႻ࿚ఴ ߟ߉ߦ౏┙ቇᩞߩㅴ⚖ㆃṛ໧㗴߿⟵ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆⚳ੌᓟߩሶߤ߽ߚߜߩዞഭ໧㗴ߦߣ޿߁ ὐ߆ࠄߩ⼏⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬1880 ᐕઍએ㒠ߘࠇ߹ߢߩ⷏᰷‫ޔ‬ർ᰷಴ りߩ‫ޟ‬ᣥ⒖᳃‫ޔ⺆⸒ޔߪߣޠ‬ቬᢎ‫ޔ‬ᢥൻߩ㕙ߢ⇣ߥࠆ․ᓽࠍᜬߟ‫᧲ޔ‬᰷‫ޔ‬ධ᰷಴りߩ‫ޟ‬ᣂ ⒖᳃‫ޠ‬㧔New. immigrants㧕߇Ⴧടߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇౏┙ቇᩞߦᄢ㊂࿷☋ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃ. ߞߡ‫ߪߢࠞ࡝ࡔࠕߩᦼᤨߩߎޔ‬ㇺᏒㇱࠍਛᔃߦ‫ޔ‬ㅴ⚖ㆃṛ߇໧㗴ߣߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧠㧥㧕‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚᒰᤨᄙߊߩᎺߢ⟵ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆߇ 14 ᱦ߹ߢߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ㅴ⚖ㆃṛߒߡ޿ࠆᄙߊߩ ሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇ᒰᤨߩ㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ⺖⒟ࠍ⚳ੌߔࠆ೨ߦ‫⟵ޔ‬ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆߇⚳ੌߒߡߒ߹ ޿‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߩᄙߊ߇ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߖߕߦ౏┙ቇᩞࠍ㔌ࠇߡߒ߹޿‫ߩߘޔ‬ᄙߊ߇ਇᾫ ✵ഭ௛ߦᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇‫ޟޔ‬ᶉ⾌ߐࠇߚᐕઍ‫ޠ‬㧔Wasted years㧕ߣߒߡ໧㗴ߣߐࠇߡ޿ ߚ㧡㧜㧕‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬໧㗴߽߿ߪࠅ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߩዷ㐿ㆊ⒟ߢ‫ޔ‬ ‫ࠬ࡜ࠣ࠳ޟ‬ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬ 㧔ߣ ࠅࠊߌߘߩ‫ޟ‬ሶߤ߽ߣ↥ᬺߩ㑐ଥߦ㑐ߔࠆዊᆔຬળ‫ޠ‬㧔Sub-Committee on the Relation of Children to the Industry, એਅ‫ޟ‬ዊᆔຬળ‫ޠ‬㧕ߩႎ๔ᦠ㧔‫ޟ‬ዊᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧕㧡㧝㧕㧕‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧡㧞㧕‫ޔ‬㧺㧭㧹㧡㧟㧕‫ޔ‬㧭㧲㧸㧡㧠㧕ߥߤߢឭ⿠ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ౏┙ቇᩞߩㅴ⚖ㆃṛ໧㗴ߣ㑐ㅪߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨ㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߖߕߦ⟵ോ ᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆ߩ⚳ᦼߢ޽ࠆ 14 ᱦߦ㆐ߒߚሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇ᄙߊ޿ߚߎߣߣ㑐ㅪߒߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔ ຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ㇺᏒㇱߢ㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞߩᦨ⚳ቇᐕߦㅴ⚖ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ ౉ቇ⠪ߩ⚂ඨᢙߦㆊ߉ߕ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇᥉ㅢᢎ⢒ߣ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩਔ㕙ߢਇචಽߥᢎ⢒ ߒ߆ฃߌߡ޿ߥ޿ߣᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔24 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬หᤨߦႎ๔ᦠߪ‫⟵ޔ‬ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆⚳ੌᓟߩሶߤ ߽ߚߜߩዞഭ໧㗴ߦ⸒෸ߒ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇৻ᤨ⊛ߦᓥ੐ߔࠆᬺോࠍ⒖ࠅᱠ߈‫ߘޔ‬ ߩਛߢᛛ⢻߿⢻ജࠍ⊒㆐ߐߖࠆᯏળࠍᄬߞߡ޿ࠆߣᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔48 㨪 49 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߘߩ߁߃ߢ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ࠬ࡜ࠣ࠳ޟޔߪޠ‬ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬㧡㧡㧕‫ߩߘߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ ‫ޟ‬ዊᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ ޠ‬㧡㧢㧕ߣห᭽‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߇ߎ߁ߒߚ੐ᘒ߳ߩኻᔕ╷ߣߒߡߩᗧ๧ࠍᜬߟ ߣ޿߁⼏⺰ࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩቇᩞᢎ⢒߇ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢߥᢎ⢒ߦ஍ߞߡ޿ ࠆߣᛕ್ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߇ᢎ⢒ࠍ‫ޟ‬᳃ਥൻߔࠆ‫ޠ‬㧔democratize㧕ߎߣߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣߩ. -8-.

(9) アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理. ਥᒛࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߪࠇߘޕ‬Ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ⺖⒟߇ᣧᦼߦቇᩞࠍ㔌ࠇࠆሶߤ߽ߚߜࠍቇᩞ ߦߣߤ߼ࠆߩߦᓎ┙ߟ‫ޔ‬ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߇‫༵ࠆߥ⇣ޟ‬ᅢ‫ޔ‬⢻ജࠍ⹺߼‫ߩߡߴߔޔ‬⠪ߦߘߩ৻↢ ߩ઀੐ߩߚ߼ߦḰ஻ߔࠆ╬ߒ޿ᯏળࠍਈ߃ࠆ‫ߩߤߥޠ‬ὐߢ޽ߞߚ㧔23 㨪 25 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫ޠ‬໧㗴ࠍਛᔃߦߔࠆ⚻ᷣ⊛ℂ ↱ߦട߃ߡ‫┙౏ޔ‬ቇᩞߩㅴ⚖ㆃṛ໧㗴ߣ⟵ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆⚳ੌᓟߩሶߤ߽ߚߜߩዞഭ໧㗴ߣ޿ ߁ὐ߆ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩᔅⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߣࠇߘޕ‬หᤨߦหႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ ㅪ㇌ߣᎺߩ㑐ଥߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ߽⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍᱜᒰൻߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬એਅߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ ㇌ߣᎺߩ㑐ଥ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ȪˏȫႲཆ͂ਗ͈‫߸۾‬Ȃ‫͍ݞ‬Ⴒཆଽຸ̦‫̳ͥ۾֗ͅޗ‬༞੩࣐̹ͬ̽୶႕ ߎࠇ߹ߢߺߡ߈ߚԘ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥℂ↱‫ޔ‬ԙ౏┙ቇᩞߩㅴ⚖ㆃṛߣ⟵ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆⚳ੌᓟߩሶߤ ߽ߚߜߩዞഭ໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝ߩᔅⷐᕈࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢߪ޽ߞߡ߽‫ߩߎޔ‬⒳ߩᢎ⢒߳ߩ ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩℂ↱ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽චಽߥ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫┙⁛ߪߢࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔߪࠇߘޕ‬ એ᧪‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ੐㗄ߪᎺߩᮭ㒢ߣߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫⵬ޔ‬ഥ㊄ᡰ಴ߣ޿߁ᒻߢㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇㑐ਈ ߔࠆߎߣࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆℂ↱ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝ߩᔅⷐᕈߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌ߣᎺߩ㑐ଥ ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ㅪ㇌ߣᎺߩ㑐ଥߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆℂ↱ߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔ ຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫߇ޠ‬᜼ߍߡ޿ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߇ో☨⊛ߥ⺖㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙฦᎺ߿ ⥄ᴦ૕ߢߪ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⽷᡽⽶ᜂߦ⠴߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣߩੑὐߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߇ో☨⊛ߥᕈᩰࠍᜬߟℂ↱ߣߒߡหႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙᒰᤨࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ࿖᳃߇⒖ േߔࠆ௑ะ߇ᒝ߹ߞߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚഭ௛⠪߇೎ߩᎺߦ⒖േߔࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬ԙ ฦᎺߩ↥ᬺ߇⋧੕ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚ㧔31 㨪 33 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚᓟ⠪ߩὐߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ฦᎺߦߣߞߡ᥉ㅢᢎ⢒ࠍᣉߔߎߣ ߳ߩ⽶ᜂ߇ᄢ߈ߊ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆ⽷᡽⊛ߥ⽶ᜂߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߣߩ⼏⺰ࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆ ߣหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩࠃ߁ߥታ㓙⊛ߥᢎ⢒ߪㅢᏱߩᢎ⢒ࠃࠅ߽ࠦࠬ࠻߇߆߆ࠆߣᒝ⺞ߒߡ ޿ߚ㧔32 㨪 33 㗁㧕‫ޟߦࠄߐޕ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ޔߪޠ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄߇ߥ߆ߞߚᒰᤨߩ⁁ᴫߩ ਅߢ‫ࠆࠃߦ⾌౏ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲࠍ⏕┙ߒߡ޿ࠆᎺߩᢙ߇ో☨ 48 Ꮊߩ߁ߜ௖߆㧤Ꮊߩߺߢ ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁੐ታࠍ᜼ߍ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ߇ᓧࠄࠇߥߌࠇ߫⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߇⊒ዷߒߥ޿ߣߩ੍ᗐ߽␜ ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔32 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ หᤨߦߎࠇࠄߩ⼏⺰ࠍ⵬ᒝߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ԘᎺ߇න⁛ߢ ߢ߈ߥ޿੐ᬺࠍㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇ⴕߞߚ੐଀‫ޔ‬ԙᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⵬ഥࠍㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇ⴕߞߚ੐଀ߦ߽ ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߕ߹ޕ‬೨⠪ߦߟ޿ߡหႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮊߩᙗᴺ਄ߩᮭ೑ࠍଚኂߒߥ޿㒢ࠅ‫ోޟޔ‬ ૕⊛ߥ⑔␩ࠍჇㅴߔࠆߎߣ‫ࠈߒ߻ߪޠ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ⽿ോߛߣᒝ⺞ߒ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬੐଀ߣߒߡ ࿖㒐‫ޔ‬ᴡᎹ߿ᶏጯߩᡷୃ‫ޔ‬ㇷଢ੐ᬺࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚ㧔34 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚฦᎺ߿⥄ᴦ૕ߩ⽷᡽⽶ᜂߣ㑐ㅪߒߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߒߡㅪ ㇌᡽ᐭ߇⵬ഥࠍⴕߞߚ੐଀ߦ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪߟ৻ߩߘޕ‬ㄘቇ‫ޔ‬Ꮏቇࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩ⸳┙ࠍ⋡ ⊛ߣߒߚࡕ࡝࡞ᴺએ㒠ߩ࿯࿾ઃਈᴺߩ೙ቯߢ޽ߞߚ㧔35 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߪ‫┙ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᴺ ߇ᛛⴚߩಽ㊁ߢߩᜰዉ⠪㙃ᚑߦ⽸₂ߒߚߎߣߪ⹺߼ߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬Ꮏ႐ഭ௛⠪ࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆߎߣ ߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߣᜰ៰ߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬⒳ߩੱ‫ࠍޘ‬㙃ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫ߪߣࠇߘޔ‬೎ߩ┙ᴺߢ⵬ቢߔࠆᔅ ⷐ߇޽ࠆߣജ⺑ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔37 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬. -9-. 133.

(10) 横尾恒隆. 134. หᤨߦㄘᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߣታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ߩ⸳┙߳ߩ⵬ഥࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔ ࠆࡂ࠶࠴ᴺ╬ߩᴺᓞ㧔35 㗁㧕߿‫ޔ‬ᚑੱㄘ᳃ࠍኻ⽎ߦㄘᬺᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁‫ޟ‬ㄘᬺ᜛ᒛ੐ᬺ‫ޠ‬ 㧔farm extension work㧕ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆࠬࡒࠬ࡮࡟࡯ࡃ࡯ᴺ㧔36 㨪 37 㗁㧕ߦ߽⸒෸ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ࠇߎޔ‬ ࠄߩᴺᓞߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘ᧛ㇱߩቇᩞ㧔ߣࠅࠊߌࡂࠗ㨯ࠬࠢ࡯࡞㧕ߦㅢቇߒߡ޿ߥ޿ዋᐕ‫ޔ‬ዋᅚߦ ኻߔࠆㄘᬺᢎ⢒߇ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ዋᐕ‫ޔ‬ዋᅚߚߜߦኻߔࠆㄘᬺ ᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥ߇ᔅⷐߛߣ⺰ߓߡ޿ߚ㧔36 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ㅪ㇌ߣᎺߩ㑐ଥߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ԘฦᎺ߿⥄ᴦ૕ߢ ߪߎߩ⒳ߩᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⽷᡽⊛ߥ⽶ᜂߦ⠴߃ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޔ‬ԙᎺ߇න⁛ߢⴕ߁ߎߣߩ ߢ߈ߥ޿੐ᬺ߇ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇ⴕߞߚవ଀߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޔ‬Ԛㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⵬ഥ᡽╷ࠍ ⴕߞߚ੐଀߽ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣߥߤࠍ᜼ߍ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍᱜᒰൻߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ːȅႲཆ༞੩͈చય͂̈́ͥ૖ު‫࣬ۑ̳ͥ۾ͅ۾ܥ֗ޗ‬ ߟ߉ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫߇ޠ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦ 㑐ߔࠆ൘๔ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩᔅⷐᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ ߩઁ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃߿ᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߥߤㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᢎ ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ᧦ઙߦߟ޿ߡ߽൘๔ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߕ߹ޕ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߣߒߡߎ ߩႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙోᣣ೙ቇᩞ㧔all-day schools㧕‫ޔ‬ԙቯᤨ೙ቇᩞ㧔part-time schools㧕‫ޔ‬Ԛᄛ㑆ቇ ᩞ㧔evening school㧕ߩ㧟⒳㘃ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚ㧔46 㨪 47 㗁㧕‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ߁ߜቯᤨ ೙ቇᩞߪ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ᤤ㑆ߩᤨ㑆ߦࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍᗧ๧ߒ ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃ࠍ᝼ᬺᒻᘒߦࠃߞߡ㧟ߟߦ඙ಽߔࠆ⊒ᗐߪ‫ޔ‬૗߽ߎߩ ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ᦨ߇ޠ‬ೋߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫⊒ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᗐߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢߦవㅀߩ‫ࠬ࡜ࠣ࠳ޟ‬ ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ ޠ‬㧡㧞㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ߚ߹ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲߩᎺ೙ᐲߦ㑐ߒߡᎺߩ ┙ᴺ߇ၮߠߊߴ߈ේℂߣ᡽╷‫ޠ‬㧡㧣㧕㧔"Principles and Policies That should Underlie State Legislation for A State System of Vocational Education", 1912㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ߺࠄࠇߚ‫ߎߚ߹ޕ‬ ߩ᭴ᗐߪ‫ޔ‬1912 ᐕ㧠᦬ 20 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦᴺ᩺㧡㧤㧕ߦ߽ᣢߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫߆ߒޕ‬ ߒߎߩႎ๔ᦠߩ൘๔ߩ․ᓽߩ৻ߟߪ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬⒳㘃ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡ‫߿⊛⋡ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⺖ ⒟ߥߤߩὐ߆ࠄ‫ౕߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬૕௝ࠍ␜ߒߚߎߣߦ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ Ȫˍȫ஠඾ଷ‫࣬ۑ̳ͥ۾ͅࢷڠ‬ ߹ߕోᣣ೙⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐߆ࠄߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޟޕ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆోᣣ೙ቇᩞߩ⒳㘃ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙㄘᬺᢎ⢒ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆㄘᬺࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞޽ࠆ ޿ߪࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߩㄘᬺቇ⑼‫ޔ‬ԙᎿᬺᢎ⢒ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ోޟ‬ᣣ೙↥ᬺቇᩞ‫ޠ‬㧔all-day industrial school㧕ߩ㧞⒳㘃ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚ㧔47 㨪 50 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅‫ోޟ‬ᣣ೙↥ᬺቇᩞ‫ޟߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ᦨޟޔߪޠ‬ૐ㒢ߩല₸ࠍ଻㓚 ߔࠆ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ℂ↱߆ࠄߎߩ⒳ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽ඨಽએ਄ߩᤨ㑆ࠍቇᩞߩታ ⠌ቶ㧔school shop㧕߽ߒߊߪታ㓙ߩ૞ᬺ႐ߢߩ↢↥⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪ᦭↪ߥၮ␆ߦၮߠ޿ߚታ⠌ ߦలߡ‫ࠍߣߎࠆޠ‬൘๔ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔50 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ൘๔ߪ‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ᚑ┙ߔࠆࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߦ߽⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬หᴺᣉⴕ ߩߚ߼ߦㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇߚㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩ಴ߒߚ‫ޡ‬᡽╷ߩ⴫᣿‫ޢ‬㧡㧥㧕㧔"Statement. - 10 -.

(11) アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理. of Policies"㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ߩඨಽએ਄ࠍ‫ޟ‬ታ㓙⊛ߥ⺖ᬺ‫ߦޠ‬లߡ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠅߩᤨ㑆ߩඨ ಽએ਄ࠍ㑐ㅪ⑼⋡ߦలߡࠆߣ޿߁ⷙቯߣ޿߁ᒻߢౕ૕ൻߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ వㅀߩⷺ↰߇‫ోޟ‬ᣣ೙↥ᬺቇᩞ‫ߩޠ‬ᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎߩႎ๔ᦠߩ൘๔ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟޔ‬⡯ ᬺߩ␠ળቇ⊛ᢥൻ⊛⢛᥊ߦߟ޿ߡߩℂ⸃‫ޟ߿ޠ‬ഭ௛໧㗴ߥߤߩ␠ળ⊛⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ㗴⋡‫߇ޠ‬ឃ 㒰ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣߩ⷗⸃ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧢㧜㧕ߩ߽‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬੐ᖱࠍ〯߹߃ߚ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒታ㓙ߦߎߩ⒳ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߩޠ‬൘๔ߩ ౝኈࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠߣవㅀߩ‫ޡ‬᡽╷ߩ⴫᣿‫ߩߣޢ‬㑆ߦߪ࠾ࡘࠕࡦࠬߩ㆑޿߇޽ࠆ ߣߺࠆߎߣ߽น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕหႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄᣇ㊎ߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬ᄢ㊂ߩ᥉ㅢᢎ⢒ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿⡯ᬺቇᩞߪ‫ޔ‬ ߘߩฬߦ୯ߒߥ޿‫ߣޠ‬ᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔16 㗁㧕‫ోޟߚ߹ޕ‬ᣣ೙↥ᬺቇᩞ‫ࠇߘޔߪߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬ ߙࠇߩ⡯⒳ߦ㑐ߔࠆታ⠌ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬Ԙߘߩ⡯⒳ߩၮ␆ߣߥࠆ⑼ቇ߿ᢙቇ‫ޔ‬ԙ⧷⺆‫౏ޔ‬᳃‫ޔ‬ ↥ᬺผ෸߮࿾ℂ‫ޔ‬ೋ╬⚻ᷣߥߤߩ᥉ㅢ⑼⋡ࠍᢎ᝼ߔࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ߚ㧔49 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇߦኻߒ‫ޡ‬᡽╷ߩ⴫᣿‫ޔߪޢ‬᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ߩඨಽએ਄ࠍ‫ޟ‬ታ㓙⊛ߥ⺖ᬺ‫ߦޠ‬లߡࠆߎߣߩ ߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᱷࠅߩᤨ㑆ߩඨಽએ਄ࠍ㑐ㅪ⑼⋡ߦలߡࠆߴ߈ߛߣⷙቯߒߡ޿ߚ‫ⷙߩߎޕ‬ቯߪ‫ޔ‬ ታ⠌㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪ‫ޟ‬ታ㓙⊛ߥ⺖ᬺ‫ޠ‬㧕ߦ᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ߩඨಽએ਄ࠍలߡࠆὐߢߪ‫ޟޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔ ຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫౒ߣޠ‬ㅢߒߡ޿ࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߩ൘๔ߣᲧߴߡ߽෩ᩰߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩߎߣࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎ߊߥࠄ߫‫ోޔ‬ᣣ೙⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ‫␠ޟ‬ળቇ⊛ᢥൻ⊛⢛᥊‫␠ޟ߿ޠ‬ળ⊛⚻ᷣ⊛‫ޠ‬ౝኈ߇ឃ㒰ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁వㅀߩⷺ↰ߩ ⷗⸃ߪ‫ޡޔ‬᡽╷ߩ⴫᣿‫ߦޢ‬ᒰߡߪ߹ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޟޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪߦޠ‬ᔅߕ ߒ߽ᒰߡߪ߹ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ߩඨಽએ਄ࠍታ⠌ߦలߡ ࠆߴ߈ߛߣ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫߇ޠ‬൘๔ߒߡ޿ߚߎߣߪ‫ޡޔ‬᡽╷ߩ⴫᣿‫ߥ߁ࠃߩޢ‬෩ ᩰߥၮḰࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆ⸃㉼ߩ૛࿾ࠍᱷߒߡ޿ߚߎߣุ߽ቯߢ߈ߥ޿੐ታߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ Ȫˎȫ೰শଷ‫࣬ۑ̳ͥ۾ͅࢷڠ‬ ߟ߉ߦቯᤨ೙ቇᩞߦ㑐ߔࠆ൘๔ߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ㄘᬺᢎ⢒ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬ᣢߦࠬࡒࠬ ࡮࡟࡯ࡃ࡯ᴺߦࠃߞߡߎߩ⒳ߩᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡㅪ㇌⵬ഥ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ℂ↱߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬࿖ ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ቯᤨ೙ቇᩞߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ᭴ᗐߒߡ ޿ߚ㧔50 㨪 53 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬ቯᤨ೙ቇᩞࠍ‫ޔ‬Ԙዞᬺߒߡ޿ࠆ 14 㨪 18 ᱦߩዋᐕࠍኻ ⽎ߣߒ‫ޔ‬ԙᄛ㑆ߦ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ዞഭߒߡ޿ࠆ⧯ᐕഭ௛⠪ߩഭ௛ᤨ㑆ߩ৻ㇱࠍ‫ޔ‬ ቇᩞᢎ⢒ߦలߡࠆߣ޿߁ဳߩቇᩞߛߣⷙቯߒߡ޿ߚ㧔47 㗁㧕‫⧯ޕ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ߩߚ߼ߦߎߩ⒳ ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆℂ↱ߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬16 ᱦએਅߩሶߤ߽ߚߜ ߇‫ޔ‬ᣣਛߩഭ௛ߩᓟߢᄛ㑆ቇᩞߦㅢቇߔࠆߩߪり૕⊛ߦ᦭ኂߛߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚ㧔51 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎߩቯᤨ೙ቇᩞ⸳┙᭴ᗐߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേዷ㐿ߩㆊ⒟ߢ⊒ዷߒߡ߈ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߎޕ‬ ߩㆇേዷ㐿ᒰೋ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰ߪోᣣ೙ߩ߽ߩࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ⼏⺰߇ਛᔃ ߢ޽ߞߚߌࠇߤ߽‫ ߡ߇߿ޔ‬1910 㨪 11 ᐕߩࠤ࡞࠮ࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗ࠽࡯ߩ⸰☨ߣᓐ߇ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ࿖ ౝߢⴕߞߚ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ⵬⠌ቇᩞߩ⋡⊛‫ޔ‬ℂᔨ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ⻠Ṷࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߒߡ‫⺰⼏ޔ‬ ߩ㊀ὐߪ‫ߦ޿ߛߒޔ‬ቯᤨ೙ቇᩞߦ⒖ߞߡ޿ߞߚ㧢㧝㧕‫ޟޕ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ቯᤨ೙ ቇᩞߩ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⧯ᐕഭ௛⠪߇⥄ಽߩᓥ੐ߔࠆ⡯⒳ߢߩ᣹ㅴߩߚ߼ߩ⢻ജࠍ⊒㆐ߐߖ ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙᓐࠄߩ৻⥸⊛ߥ⍮ᕈࠍჇᄢߐߖ‫␠ߩߘޔ‬ળ⊛࡮౏᳃⊛ߥ⍮⼂ࠍ㙃߁ߎߣߩ㧞ߟ. - 11 -. 135.

(12) 横尾恒隆. 136. ࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ߚ㧔52 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ೨⠪߆ࠄߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߩߎޔߪޠ‬⒳ߩ ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫ߩ߳ޠ‬ኻᔕ╷ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡᝒ߃ߡ޿ߚ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ቯᤨ೙ቇᩞߦࠃ ߞߡ⡯႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᛛ⢻⠌ᓧߣቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆᛛⴚ߿⑼ቇߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ᝼ࠍ⚿วߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞ ߡ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ߩ⸠✵ߩߚ߼ߦ⡯႐ߣቇᩞߩදജࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣߩ⠨߃߆ࠄߢ ޽ߞߚ㧔51 㨪 52 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚᓟ⠪‫⧯ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ߩ৻⥸⊛ߥ⍮ᕈߩ᜛ᄢߣ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛࡮౏᳃⊛ߥ⍮⼂ߩ⢒ᚑ ߪ‫┙౏ޔ‬ቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆㅴ⚖ㆃṛߩ߽ߣߢ‫ޔ‬ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߖߕߦዞഭߒߡ޿ࠆ⧯ᐕ ഭ௛⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㇱಽߪ‫ޔ‬1910 ᐕઍߦߥߞߡ ߆ࠄߩ⵬⠌ቇᩞࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰ߩዷ㐿ߣߎߩ⒳ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⸳┙ࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߣ ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫␠ߌࠊࠅߣޔߜ߁ߩ⊛⋡ߩߎޕ‬ળ⊛࡮౏᳃⊛⍮⼂ࠍ㙃߁ߣ޿߁⋡⊛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩࠤ࡞࠮ࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗ࠽࡯ߩ⵬⠌ቇᩞ⺰㧢㧞㧕ߩᓇ㗀ࠍ⺒ߺขࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ࠇߘޕ‬ ߣหᤨߦߎߩ౏᳃ᢎ⢒㊀ⷞߩᣇ㊎ߪ‫ޔ‬㧺㧭㧹ߩ 1912 ᐕႎ๔ᦠߦߺࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬᳃ਥਥ ⟵ߩᜂ޿ᚻߩ⢒ᚑߩߺߥࠄߕ‫↪૶ޟޔ‬⠪‫ޟߣޠ‬ᓥᬺຬ‫ޟߣޠᧄ⾗ޟߜࠊߥߔޔޠ‬ഭ௛‫ߩޠ‬ 㑐ଥߩ౞Ṗൻ‫ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ㕍ᐕ໧㗴߳ߩኻᔕߣߒߡߩᗧ๧ࠍ߽ߟ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠆ㧢㧟㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚ౏᳃ᢎ⢒㊀ⷞߩ⼏⺰ߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ 1880 ᐕઍ߆ࠄჇടߒߚ‫ޟ‬ᣂ⒖᳃‫ߩޠ‬ሶߤ߽ߚߜߩ ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬ൻ‫ߣߚ޿ߡߒߑ߼ࠍޠ‬หᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ԙࡎ࡯ࡓࠬ࠹࠶࠼੐ઙ㧔1892 ᐕ㧕‫࡮ࡦࡑ࡞ࡊޔ‬ ࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࠠ㧔1894 ᐕ㧕ߥߤߦߺࠄࠇࠆ 1890 ᐕઍએ㒠ߩഭ૶ኻ┙ߩỗൻ㧢㧠㧕ࠍ〯߹߃ߚ߽ ߩߛߣ⷗ࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Ȫˏȫ࿡‫࣬ۑ̳ͥ۾ͅࢷڠۼ‬ ᦨᓟߦᄛ㑆ቇᩞߦ㑐ߔࠆ൘๔ߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬⒳ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߪ‫ޔ‬16 ᱦએ ਄ߩᚑᾫߒߚഭ௛⠪ߦ‫ߩߘޔ‬⡯ോߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᢎ᝼ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ㧔47 㗁㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬⒳ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ᄛ㑆࠻࡟࡯࠼࡮ࠬࠢ ࡯࡞㧔evening trade school㧕ߣᄛ㑆↥ᬺቇᩞ㧔evening industrial school㧕ࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ߚ㧔54 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߥ߅ᄛ㑆ቇᩞߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬వㅀߩቯᤨ೙ቇᩞߩ႐วߣ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ߩᡰ಴ ߩ᧦ઙࠍ‫ޔ‬ ‫↢ޟ‬ᓤߩᣣᏱߩ㓹↪ࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆࠢ࡜ࠬߩᢎ᝼‫ߦޠ‬㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬⒳ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐߇‫ޟ‬ᣢߦ⡯ߦዞ޿ߡ޿ࠆੱ‫ߩޘ‬ᾫ✵⡯⒳ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂ࠍ᜛ᒛߔ ࠆᢎ᝼‫ޔ߇ޠ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ߦ㑐ߒߡ‫߽ᦨޟ‬ᔅⷐߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߣޠ‬ℂ↱߆ࠄߢ޽ߞߚ㧔54 㗁㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ൘๔ߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦ೙ቯߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߦ߽⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇࠆ 㧢㧡㧕ߎߣߦߥࠆߌ ࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬వㅀߩቯᤨ೙ቇᩞߦ㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩߣᲧߴߡ‫⵬ޔ‬ഥ㊄ᡰ಴ߩ᧦ઙࠍ෩ᩰߦⷙቯߒߚ߽ ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎߒ߆ߒޕ‬൘๔ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨ⸳┙ߐࠇߟߟ޽ߞߚᄛ㑆⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩታᘒࠍ෻ᤋ ߒߚ߽ߩߢ߽޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᣢߦ೎Ⓜߢ߽⸅ࠇߚࠃ߁ߦߎߩ⒳ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬᥉ㅢ⑼⋡ߪ ᢎ᝼ߐࠇߕ‫↢ޔ‬ᓤߚߜ߇ᣣਛᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ࠆ⡯ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆౝኈ‫ߦࠇߘߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆౝ ኈ㧔⵾࿑‫ޔ‬ᢙቇ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ╬㧕ߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆߩ߇‫ࠆ޽ߢࠄ߆ߚߞ޽ߢ⊛⥸৻ޔ‬㧢㧢㧕‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬᝼ ᬺᒻᘒߦࠃࠆ㧟㘃ဳ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬Ԙోᣣ೙ቇᩞ‫ޔ‬ԙቯᤨ೙ቇᩞ‫ޔ‬Ԛᄛ㑆ቇᩞߩ㧟⒳㘃ࠍ᜼ߍ‫ޔ‬. - 12 -.

(13) アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理. ߘࠇߙࠇߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߥߤ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ᧦ઙߦߟ޿ߡ൘๔ߒ ߡ޿ߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬੐㗄ߪ‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ᚑ┙ߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߦ߽⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇࠆߎߣߦ ߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ̤ͩͤͅ ᧄⓂߢߪ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩ⻉ⷙቯߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߣ޿ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߣ⾰․ߩޠ‬ᢎ⢒ผ⊛ᗧ⟵ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߦหႎ๔ᦠߦ߅ ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒‫ⷙޠ‬ቯߩ․ᓽࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙߎߩ↪⺆ࠍ 14 ᱦએ਄ߩ ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩ߽ߩߦ㒢ቯߒ‫ޔ‬ԙㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩಽ㊁ࠍㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬ Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ߩ㧟ಽ㊁ߦ㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣࠍ൘๔ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߟ߉ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦޠ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩ⺰ℂࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣ ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߦෳടߒߡ߈ߚ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱‫ޔ‬㧺㧭㧹‫ޔ‬㧭㧲㧸ߢߩ⼏⺰ࠍ㓸ᄢᚑߔࠆᒻߢ‫ޔ‬ᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫⚻ߩߤߥ⺰ޠ‬ᷣ⊛ℂ↱߿౏┙ቇᩞߩㅴ⚖ㆃṛ ໧㗴ߣ⟵ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆⚳ੌᓟߩሶߤ߽ߚߜߩዞഭ໧㗴ߥߤߩὐ߆ࠄਥᒛߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬หᤨߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ㅪ㇌ߣᎺߩ㑐ଥߣ޿߁ὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ԘฦᎺ߿⥄ᴦ૕ߢߪߎߩ⒳ߩᢎ ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⽷᡽⊛⽶ᜂߦ⠴߃ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ޔ‬ԙᎺ߇න⁛ߢߪߢ߈ߥ޿੐ᬺࠍㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇ⴕߞߚ ੐଀߿ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⵬ഥࠍㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇ⴕߞߚ੐଀ߦ߽⸒෸ߒ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍᱜ ᒰൻߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߦᒁ߈⛯޿ߡᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃‫ޔ‬෸߮ߘߩᢎ⢒⺖ ⒟ߥߤߩὐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩ᧦ઙߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߩޠ‬ ൘๔ߩ․⾰ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙోᣣ೙‫ޔ‬ԙቯᤨ೙‫ޔ‬Ԛᄛ㑆ߣ޿߁ ᝼ᬺᒻᘒߦࠃࠆ㧟⒳㘃ࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬หᤨߦߘࠇߙࠇߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߥ ߤߩὐ߆ࠄㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ᧦ઙࠍ൘๔ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ో૕⊛ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫৻ޔߪޠ‬ᣇߢ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߢዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ⼏⺰ࠍ㓸ᄢᚑ ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺ߩౝኈߣᲧߴߡ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥ ㊄ᡰ಴ߩ᧦ઙࠍࠃࠅ᣿⏕ߥ߽ߩߣߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߦޠ‬ኻߔࠆ⹏ଔߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ߩߎߕ߹ޕ‬ႎ๔ ᦠࠍ‫৻ޟ‬ᣇ⊛ߥ⸽ੱߦࠃࠆ৻ᣇ⊛ߥᆔຬળ‫⹏ࠆߺߣ‛↥ߩޠ‬ଔ߆ࠄߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫߁ߎޕ‬ ߒߚ⹏ଔߪ‫ޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫߇ޠ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩᵴേ⊛ߥળຬࠍ᭴ᚑຬߣߒߡട߃ߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ߹ߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒㑐ଥ⠪ࠍ㒰ߊᢎ⢒㑐ଥ⠪߇ട߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߦ߽ࠃࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߩ⼏⺰߿⻉൘๔‫ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬Ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰‫ޔ‬ԙㅪ㇌ ⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃‫ޔ‬෸߮ᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߥߤㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐 ߩ᧦ઙߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേࠍਛᔃ⊛ߦᜂߞߚ࿅૕ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱‫↪૶ޔ‬⠪ ࿅૕ߣߒߡߩ㧺㧭㧹ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵วߩో☨⊛ߥ⚵❱ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ㧭㧲㧸ߩ⼏⺰ࠍ෻ ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߎߣߪุቯߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߩߎߚ߹ޕ‬ᆔຬળߦߪഭ௛⚵วࠍ ઍ⴫ߔࠆੱ‛ߣߒߡ㧭㧲㧸ߩ↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩᆔຬ߽ോ߼ߚࡀࠬ࠲࡯߇ട߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߎ ߣ߽ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ὐࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎ߊߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬หႎ๔ᦠࠍ಴ߒߚ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ޠ‬ ߇‫৻ޟ‬ᣇ⊛ߥ⸽ੱߦࠃࠆ৻ᣇ⊛ߥᆔຬળ‫⹏ߩߣߛޠ‬ଔߪᔅߕߒ߽ᅷᒰߢߪߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ ߇ߢ߈ࠃ߁‫ޕ‬ ߟ߉ߦㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆోᣣ೙Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߦ㑐ߔࠆหႎ๔ᦠߩ൘๔ߦ. - 13 -. 137.

(14) 横尾恒隆. 138. ߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬หႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬⒳ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬㧭㧲㧸ߩⷐ᳞ߦ㈩ᘦߒߡ‫ޔ‬᥉ ㅢᢎ⢒ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆᔅⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ߩඨಽએ਄ࠍታ⠌ߦలߡࠆߎߣࠍ ൘๔ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޡޔ‬᡽╷ߩ⴫᣿‫ࠅࠃ߇ޢ‬෩ᩰߥ᧦ઙࠍ␜ߔᩮ᜚ࠍਈ߃ߚ㕙ߩ޽ߞߚߎߣߪุ ቯߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ޿ߕࠇߦߖࠃ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫⻉ߚ߈ߡߺߢ߹ࠇߎޔߪޠ‬൘๔ࠍⴕ޿‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬ ౝኈߩᄙߊߪ‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ᚑ┙ߔࠆࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔ᵈ㧕㧝㧕૒‫ࠆߌ߅ߦ࠷ࠗ࠼ޡ৻⧷ᧁޘ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵ߩዷ㐿ߣ᭴ㅧ‫ޢ‬㘑㑆ᦠᚱ㧔1997 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬㧠㗁‫ޕ‬ 㧞㧕ዊ₹㊀ᄦ‫ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߣ౏౒ᕈ‫᧲ޢ‬੩ᄢቇ಴ ળ㧔1999 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬222 㗁‫ޕ‬ 㧟㧕㓹↪࡮⢻ജ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ᑄᱛ⺰ߣߘߩ໧㗴ὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ଐ↰᦭ᒄ‫⊛౏ޟ‬⡯ᬺ⸠✵ࠍ቞ࠅ ⊒ዷߐߖࠃ߁‫ޡޠ‬ᛛⴚߣᢎ⢒‫ ╙ޢ‬419 ภ‫ޔ‬㧝㨪㧟㗁‫ޔ‬૒‫౒౏ޟ৻⧷ᧁޘ‬⡯ᬺ⸠✵ࠍ߼ߋࠆ ੹ᣣߩ⼏⺰ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޠ‬ห਄⹹‫ޔ‬㧤㨪 11 㗁‫߅ߥޕ‬หᯏ᭴ߩᑄᱛ‫ⴕ┙⁛ޔ‬᡽ᴺੱ㜞㦂࡮㓚ኂ ࡮᳞⡯⠪㓹↪ᡰេᯏ᭴߳ߩ⒖ⴕߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ⴕ┙⁛ޟޔ‬᡽ᴺੱ㓹↪࡮⢻ജ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ߩᑄᱛߣ ᬺോߩ⒖▤ߩ߅⍮ࠄߖ‫ޠ‬㧔http://www.ehdo.go.jp/new/n_2011/pdf/0427_01.pdf㧕ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ ޿‫ޕ‬ 㧠㧕ᧄ↰↱♿‫ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ⡯ᬺ⊛ᗧ⟵‫ᦠ៺╳ޢ‬ᚱ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕‫ޕ‬ 㧡㧕United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Convention on Technical and Vocational Education, Adopted by the General Conference in Its Twenty-Fifth Session, Paris, 10 November, 1989 . ߥ߅ߎߩ᧦⚂ߩ㇌⸶ߪ‫ޔ‬የ㜞. ㅴ࡮↰ਛ༑⟤⸶‫ޟ‬ᛛⴚᢎ⢒෸߮⡯ᬺ. ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᧦⚂‫↰ޔޠ‬ਛ༑⟤✬‫ޡ‬࿖᳃ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠹ࠢࡁࡠࠫ࡯࡝࠹࡜ࠪ࡯⢒ᚑߩᢎ⢒ ⺖⒟㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ✚ว⊛Ყセ⎇ⓥ㧔ᐔᚑ㧢ᐕᐲ㨪ᐔᚑ㧤ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ 㧭㧕⎇ⓥᚑᨐႎ๔ᦠ㧕㧔1997 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬71 㨪 75 㗁ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 㧢㧕ᧄ↰↱♿‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬104 㨪 131 㗁‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚᢎ⢒⎇ⓥળ࡮㜞ᩞ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ‫ޡ‬㜞ᩞ Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒ߩᓳᮭ‫ޢ‬17 㨪 20 㗁‫ޕ‬ 㧣㧕19 ਎♿ᓟඨ߆ࠄ 1920 ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡߩ᰷☨⻉࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᝄ⥝╷ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ ↰ਛ༑⟤‫ޟ‬ᛛⴚ࡮⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᢎᏧ߇ᜏߊ␠ળዷᦸ㧙㧙‫ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟‫ߣޢ‬ᣂ⥄↱ਥ⟵‫ޡޠ‬ᛛⴚ ᢎ⢒⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬58 ภ㧔2001 ᐕ㧣᦬㧕‫ޔ‬35 㨪 45 㗁‫⼱⚦ޔ‬ବᄦ‫ޡ‬ᛛⴚᢎ⢒᭎⺰‫᧲ޢ‬੩ᄢቇ಴ ળ㧔1978 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬60 㨪 61 㗁‫ޔ‬82 㨪 86 㗁‫ޔ‬91 㨪 92 㗁ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 㧤㧕Public Law no.174, 64th Congress, "An act to Provide for the Promotion of Vocational Education; to Provide for Cooperation with the States in the Promotion of Such Education in Agriculture and the Trades and Industries; to Provide for Cooperation with the States in the Preparation of Teachers of Vocational Subjects; and to Appropriate Money and Its Expenditure",. "Smith-Hughes Act" 1917 . 㧥㧕↰ਛ༑⟤‫ޡ‬ᛛⴚᢎ⢒ߩᒻᚑߣዷ㐿‫ޢ‬㧔ᄙ⾐಴ ‫ޔ‬1993 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬199 㗁‫ޕ‬ 10㧕Vocational Education: Report of the Commission on National Aid to Vocational Education, House of Representatives Document, no. 1004, Vol.1, Government Printing Office, 㧔 Washington, D. C., 1914 .. એਅߎߩႎ๔ᦠߩᒁ↪▎ᚲߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ᧄޔ‬ᢥਛߦ⸥ߔߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬. - 14 -.

(15) アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理. 11㧕C. A. Bennett, History of Manual and Industrial Education 1870 to 1917, Chas. A. Bennett Co., Inc., Peoria, Ill., 1937 , pp.546-547. 12㧕L. S. Hawkins,. C. A. Prosser,. J. C. Wright,. Development of Vocational Education,. American Technical Society, Chicago, 1951 , pp.80-82, pp. 90-112, pp.543-574. 13㧕M. L. Barlow, History of Industrial Education, Chas. A. Bennett Co., Inc., Peoria, IL. 1967 , pp.58-61. 14㧕Bennett, op. cit. 15㧕Ibid. 16㧕I. L. Kandel, "Federal Aid to Vocational Education", The Carnegie Foundation of the Advancement of Teaching, Bulletin, no.10, New York, 1917 , p.97. 17㧕Ibid. 18㧕Ibid., p. 95. 19㧕A. G. Wirth, Education in the Technological Society: The Vocatinal-Liberal Studies Controversy in the Early Twentieth Century, University Press of America, 㧔Washington D.C., 1980 , p.162; H. Kantor, "Vocationalism in American Education: The Economic and Political Context, 1880-1930", in H. Kantor, D. B. Tyack, ed., Work, Youth, Schooling: Historical Perspectives on Vocationalism in American Education, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 1982 , p.34. 20㧕ⷺ↰৻㇢‫ޟ‬ㄭઍ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩ↥ᬺᢎ⢒᡽╷‫↥ޡޠ‬ᬺᢎ⢒‫ޢ‬1953 ᐕ㧤᦬ภ‫ޕ‬ 21㧕ห਄⺰ᢥ‫ޔ‬㧞㨪 18 㗁‫ޕ‬ 22㧕ห਄⺰ᢥ‫ޔ‬㧣㨪㧥㗁‫ޕ‬ 23㧕ห਄⺰ᢥ‫ޕ‬ 24㧕Thirty-Seventh Congress, Sess.Τ, Ch. 130,"An Act Donating Public Lands to the Several States and Territories which may provide Colleges for the Benefit of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts", Approved July 2, 1862 . 25㧕╙৻ᰴࡕ࡝࡞ᴺએ㒠ߩ࿯࿾ઃਈᴺߩዷ㐿ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Hawkins, et.al., op. cit., pp.75-79 ߦ⹦ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ 26㧕⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേዷ㐿ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Bennett, op. cit., pp.507-552; Hawkins, et. al., op. cit., pp.32-122 ߦ⹦ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ 27㧕59th Congress, 2d Session, "H. R. 24757", in the House of Representatives, January 22,1907; 60th Congress, 1st Session, "H. R. 18204", in the House of Representatives, Februrary 27, 1908. 28㧕᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬วⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᦨೋߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ㧔ࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ㧕ߩ ᚑ┙ㆊ⒟‫ޡޠ‬ᮮᵿ࿖┙ᄢቇᢎ⢒ੱ㑆⑼ቇㇱ♿ⷐΣ㧔ᢎ⢒⑼ቇ㧕‫ޢ‬no.13‫ޔ‬㧔2011 ᐕ㧞᦬㧕‫ޔ‬219 㨪 221 㗁‫ޕ‬ 29㧕ห਄⺰ᢥ‫ޔ‬221 㨪 224 㗁‫ޕ‬ 30㧕‫ޔ‬31㧕Hawkins, et. al., op. cit., pp.80-81; ᜕Ⓜ‫ޔ‬೨ឝ⺰ᢥ‫ޔ‬224 㨪 227 㗁‫ޕ‬ 32㧕Kandel, op. cit., p.97. 33㧕Kantor, op. cit., p.34. 34㧕Kandel, op. cit., p.95, ⷺ↰৻㇢‫ޔ‬೨ឝ⺰ᢥ‫ޔ‬10 㗁‫ޕ‬ 35㧕59th Congress, 2d Session, "H. R. 24757", January 22,1907, op. cit. 36㧕Smith-Hughes Act, op. cit.. - 15 -. 139.

(16) 横尾恒隆. 140. 37㧕↰ਛ༑⟤‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬236 㗁‫ޕ‬ 38㧕J. W. Van Cleave, "Industrial Education From the Standpoint of the Manufacturers", in "Proceedings of First Annual Meeting, Chicago: Part Σ", NSPIE Bulletin, no. 5, 1908 , pp. 19-20. 39㧕Report of the Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Convention of the American Federation of Labor 1909 㧔એਅ AFL, Proceedings, 1909 ߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢ⇛⸥ߔࠆ㧕, p.138; Industrial Education: Report of the Committee on Industrial Education of the American Federation of Labor, 62nd Congress, Senate Document, 1912 , no.936, p.7. 40㧕AFL, Proceedings, 1909 , pp.138-139; AFL, Proceedings, 1910 , pp. 275-276; ᜕Ⓜ‫ࠕޟ‬ ࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߩో☨↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝දળ㧔㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ ᐲ᭴ᗐߩᒻᚑ‫↥ޡޠ‬ᬺᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬35 Ꮞ╙㧞ภ㧔2005 ᐕ㧣᦬㧕‫ޕ‬ 41㧕ห਄⺰ᢥ‫ޕ‬ 42㧕Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Report of the Commission on Industrial and Technical Education, Columbia University, Teachers College, New York, 1906 , pp.21-22. 43㧕Van Cleave, op. cit., pp.15-21. 44㧕Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Convention of the National Association of Manufacturers, 1912 㧔એਅ NAM, Proceedings, 1912 ߩࠃ߁ߥᒻߢ⇛⸥ߔࠆ㧕, pp.155-156. 45㧕H. S. Pritchett, "The Aims of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education", "Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting, Chicago; Part Σ", NSPIE Bulletin, no.5, 1908 , pp.23-24; NAM, Proceedings, 1911 , p.186, pp.188-190, p.192. 46㧕P. H. Douglas, American Apprenticeship and Industrial Education, Columbia University,. New York, 1921 , p. 60. 47㧕NAM, Proceedings, pp.142-143; ᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬วⴐ࿖ߩో☨↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝දળ㧔㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐߩᒻᚑ‫ޠ‬೨ឝ⺰ᢥ‫ޕ‬ 48㧕Report of the Commission on Industrial and Technical Education, op. cit., pp.8-9; "Society for the Promotion for Industrial Education: Preliminary Announcement", n.d.; "Society for the Promotion for Industrial Education", n.d. ;"Proceedings of the Organization Meetings", NSPIE Bulletin, no.1, 1907 , pp.26-27, pp.31-32. 49㧕ㅴ⚖ㆃṛ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬M. Lazerson, Origins of the Urban Schools: Public Education in Massachusetts, 1870-1915, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971 , pp.137-142; ↰ਛ ༑⟤‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬207 㨪 217 㗁ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 50㧕"Report of the Sub-Committee on the Relation of Children and Industry", in Report of the Commission on Industrial and Technical Education, op. cit., pp.25-127; Lazerson, op. cit., pp.142-147; ↰ਛ༑⟤‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬218-219 㗁‫ޕ‬ 51㧕"Report of the Sub-Committee on the Relation of Children and Industry", in Report of the Commission on Industrial and Technical Education, op. cit. 52㧕C. W.. Eliot, "Industrial Education as an Essential Factor in Our Democracy", in. "Proceedings of the First Annual Meeting; Part Σ", op. cit., p.11. 53㧕NAM, Proceedings, 1912 , op. cit., pp.149-152. 54㧕AFL, Proceedings, 1909 , pp.133-134, p.137.. - 16 -.

(17) アメリカ合衆国における職業教育連邦補助政策の論理. 55㧕Report of the Commission on Industrial and Technical Education, op. cit., p.18. 56㧕Ibid., pp.21-22. 57㧕"Principles and Policies That should Underlie State Legislation for a State System of Vocational Education", in "Proceedings Sixth Annual Meeting Philadelphia, December 5-7, 1912", NSPIE Bulletin, no.16, 1913 , pp.292-297. 58㧕62d Congress, 2d Session, "H. R.23581", in the House of Representatives, April 20, 1912. 59㧕"Statement of Policies", Federal Board of Vocational Education, Bulletin, no.1, Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1917 , p.30, p.43. 60㧕ⷺ↰৻㇢‫ޔ‬೨ឝ⺰ᢥ‫ޔ‬㧤㗁‫ޕ‬ 61㧕ቯᤨ೙ቇᩞࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ᧁޔ‬ਅ. 㗅‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޡ‬ᛛ⢻㙃ᚑߣഭ⾗㑐ଥ‫ࡀࡒޢ‬. ࡞ࡧࠔᦠᚱ㧔2000 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬212-217 㗁‫ޔ‬᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬วⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺ ᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐߩᒻᚑ‫↥ޡޠ‬ᬺᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬26 Ꮞ╙㧝ภ㧔1996 ᐕ㧝᦬㧕‫ޔ‬ห‫ޟ‬20 ਎♿ೋᦼ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆቯᤨ೙࡮⵬⠌ቇᩞߩ᭴ᗐߩᒻᚑ‫ޡޠ‬ᢎ⢒⺰ฌ‫ ╙ޢ‬30 ภ㧔1987 ᐕ㧟᦬㧕 ߇⹦ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ 62㧕ࠤ࡞࠮ࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗ࠽࡯ߩ⵬⠌ቇᩞ⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬G. Kerschensteiner, Three Lectures on Vocational Training, The Commercial Club of Chicago, 1911 ߦ⹦ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ 63㧕NAM, Proceedings, 1912 , op. cit., p.150, pp.153-155. 64㧕ࡎ࡯ࡓࠬ࠹࠶࠼੐ઙ㧔1892 ᐕ㧕‫ࠠࠗ࡜࠻ࠬ࡮ࡦࡑ࡞ࡊޔ‬㧔1894 ᐕ㧕ߥߤߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ ᢧ⮮. ⋿‫⃻ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޡ‬ઍผ‫ޢ‬ጊᎹ಴ ␠㧔1976 ᐕ㧕ߥߤ߇⹦ߒ޿‫ޕ‬. 65㧕"Smith-Hughes Act", op. cit. 66㧕᜕Ⓜ‫ޟ‬1900 㨪 10 ᐕઍࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᄛ㑆‫ޔ‬ቯᤨ೙⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩᚑ┙‫ޠ‬ ‫ޡ‬ቇ ↢࡮↢ᓤߩࠠࡖ࡝ࠕࠕ࠶ࡊᡰេ╷ߩ㜞ᐲൻߣ↥ቇࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊߩᣣ☨੽Ყセ⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬ᐔ ᚑ 14 㨪ᐔᚑ 16 ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ㧔C 1 㧕⎇ⓥᚑᨐႎ๔ᦠ㧔⎇ⓥ⠪ઍ⴫ ᮮየᕡ㓉㧕‫ޔ‬㧔2005 ᐕ㧟᦬㧕‫ޕ‬. - 17 -. 141.

(18)