アメリカ合衆国における最初の職業教育連邦補助法（スミス・ヒューズ法）の成立過程

全文

(1)アメリカ合衆国における最初の職業教育連邦補助法（スミス・ヒューズ法）の成立過程. ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᦨೋߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ 㧔ࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ㧕ߩᚑ┙ㆊ⒟ ᮮየ. ᕡ㓉. Enactment Process of the First Act for Federal Aid to Vocational Education㧔Smith-Hughes Act㧕in the United States. Tsunetaka YOKOO. ͉̲͛ͅ ੹ᣣᣣᧄߢߪ‫౏ޟޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵ߩᲧ㊀ߩૐਅ‫ ޠ‬㧝㧕߇ㅴⴕߔࠆ৻ᣇ‫࠾ޔ‬ ࡯࠻‫࡯࠲࡯࡝ࡈޔ‬໧㗴ߦ⽎ᓽߐࠇࠆ㕍ᐕߩᄬᬺ໧㗴ߩਅߢ‫ޟޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ⡯ᬺ⊛ᗧ⟵‫ޠ‬㧞㧕ߦߟ ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐᕈ߇ឭ⿠ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᡷ߼ߡ౏⾌ߦࠃࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵ߩᔅⷐᕈ߽ౣ⹺⼂ߐࠇ ߟߟ޽ࠆ㧟㧕‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩ໧㗴ᗧ⼂߆ࠄᧄⓂߢߪ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬วⴐ࿖㧔એਅࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ㧕ߢᦨೋߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌ ⵬ഥᴺߢ޽ࠆࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ㧔ᱜᑼฬ⒓㧦‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝ࠍⷙቯߔࠆ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬ㄘᬺ ߿Ꮏᬺߦ߅ߌࠆߎߩࠃ߁ߥᢎ⢒ߩᝄ⥝ߦ㑐ߔࠆᎺߣߩදജ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺ⑼⋡ߩᢎຬߩ㙃ᚑߦ㑐ߔ ࠆᎺߣߩදജࠍⷙቯߒ‫⾗ޔ‬㊄ࠍഀࠅᒰߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᡰ಴ߦߟ޿ߡⷙ೙ߔࠆᴺᓞ‫ޠ‬㧕ߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ ⸃᣿ࠍᗧ࿑ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬หᴺߪ‫ޔ‬නߦ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߦߟ޿ߡⷙቯߒߡ޿ߚߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ Ԙㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ᧦ઙ㧔‫⛽ߦ⊛౏ޟ‬ᜬߐࠇ▤ℂߐࠇߚ‫ޔߣߎࠆ޽ߢߩ߽ޠ‬ ‫ࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޟ‬Ბ㓏ࠃࠅਅ‫ޟߢޠ‬14 ᱦએ਄‫ߩޠ‬⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣ㧕‫ޔ‬ԙ⵬ഥኻ⽎ ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩಽ㊁㧔ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽㧕‫ޔ‬Ԛ⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃㧔ో ᣣ೙‫ޔ‬ቯᤨ೙‫ޔ‬ᄛ㑆㧕෸߮ߘࠇߙࠇߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߩ᧦ઙ㧔㧔㨍㧕ోᣣ೙Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐 ߢߪ‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ߩඨಽએ਄ࠍ‫ޟ‬ታ㓙⊛ߥ⺖ᬺ‫ߦޠ‬లߡࠆ‫ޔ‬㧔㨎㧕ᄛ㑆Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐 ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫↢ޔ‬ᓤߩᣣᏱߩᬺോࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆᢎ⢒ߦ㒢ቯߔࠆ‫ޔ‬㧔㨏㧕ቯᤨ೙Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ᢎ⢒ ᯏ㑐ߢߪ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ߩ⍮⊛࡮⡯ᬺ⊛⍮ᕈࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆ޽ࠄࠁࠆ⑼⋡߽⵬ഥኻ⽎ߦߔࠆ㧕 ߥߤ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲߩ㛽ᩰߣߥࠆⷙቯࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ߚ㧠㧕‫ߩߘޕ‬ᗧ ๧ߢߎߩᴺᓞߪ‫౏ޟޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ೙ᐲൻࠍଦߒ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲߩၮᧄࠍ᭴▽ߒ ߚ‫ޟޔࠅ޽ߢߩ߽ޠ‬วⴐ࿖ᢎ⢒ผ਄ߩ↹ᦼߩ㧝ߟ‫ޠ‬㧡㧕ߣߒߡ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚᢎ⢒ผ⊛ᗧ⟵ࠍᜬߟࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߣࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬ᣣᧄߩ෺ᣇߦ ߅޿ߡ⎇ⓥ߇⫾Ⓧߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩవⴕ⎇ⓥ߇␜ߔࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ߪએ ਅߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ ߕ߹ޕ‬1906 ᐕߩࡑࠨ࠴ࡘ࡯࠮࠶࠷Ꮊߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ࠬ࡜ࠣ࠳ޟ‬ᆔຬળႎ ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬ឭ಴߿หᐕߩో☨↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝දળ㧔National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education‫ޔ‬એਅ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧕⚿ᚑࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߦߒߡో☨ฦ࿾ߢ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേ㧔vocational education movement‫↥ޔ‬ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേ㧔industrial education movement㧕ߣ߽޿߁㧕߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇ ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㆇേߩਅߢ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ೙ቯࠍ᳞߼ࠆേ߈߇ᒝ߹ࠅ‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬෻ᤋߒߚᒻߢ ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ‫ޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ޠ‬㧔the Commission on National Aid to Vocational. -1-. 217.

(2) 218. 横尾恒隆. Education‫ޔ‬એਅ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ޠ‬㧕߇⸳⟎ߐࠇ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠឭ಴ࠍฃߌߡࠬࡒࠬ ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ߇೙ቯߐࠇߚ㧢㧕‫ޕ‬ એ਄߇వⴕ⎇ⓥߩ␜ߔࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫⎇ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ⓥߩᄙߊߢ ߪ‫⼏ޔ‬ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺߿⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍ߼ߋࠆ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ౝㇱߩ⼏⺰ߦ㑐ߔ ࠆታ⸽⊛ߥ⎇ⓥߪ‫ߦ߁ࠃ޿ߥ޿ߡࠇࠊⴕߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬ᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߪ‫ޡ࠻࠶ࡀࡌޔ‬ᚻᎿ ࡮↥ᬺᢎ⢒ผ. 1870 㨪 1917 ᐕ‫ޢ‬㧣㧕㧔History of Manual and Industrial Education 1870 to. 1917㧕‫ޡߩ╬ࠬࡦࠠ࡯ࡎޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ⊒ዷ‫ޢ‬㧤㧕㧔Development of Vocational Education㧕ߩࠃ ߁ߦવ⛔⊛ߥ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ผ⎇ⓥߩ♽⼆ߦ૏⟎ߠߊ⎇ⓥߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬ᢎ⢒ผࠍቭ௥ਥ ⟵ൻ߿㓏⚖᭴ㅧߦኻᔕߒߚᢎ⢒೙ᐲߩ⏕┙ߩᱧผߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆ‫ޟ‬ౣ⸃㉼ਥ⟵‫ޠ‬ᢎ⢒ผቇߩ ᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚߘࠇߦ߽ߺࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚ⁁ᴫߩਅߢ㧿࡮㧸࡮ࡠࠗ࠼㧔S.. J.. Lloyd㧕ߩ⎇ⓥ㧥㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩၫⴕᆔ. ຬળ߿ℂ੐ળߩ⼏੐㍳ߥߤߩ৻ᰴ⾗ᢱࠍಽᨆߒ‫ޔ‬หදળ߇ࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯߦᨐߚ ߒߚᓎഀࠍਛᔃߦ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᴺᓞߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ࠍ৻ቯ⒟ᐲ⸃᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ߩ࠼ࠗࡠߒ߆ߒޕ‬ⓥߩ ႐ว߽‫⼏ޔ‬ળߢክ⼏ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺ߪ৻ㇱࠍ㒰߈ಽᨆߩኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫߼ߚߩߎޕ‬ᓐߩ⎇ ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ߽‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ⼏⺰߇ᴺ᩺ߩౝኈߩᄌㆫߦਈ߃ߚᓇ㗀ߪቢోߦߪ⸃᣿ߐࠇߡ ޿ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߣࠇߘޕ‬หᤨߦᓐߩ⎇ⓥߦߟ޿ߡ߽‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ ⒟ࠍ‫ࠬ࡜ࠣ࠳ޟޔ‬ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬ឭ಴ߣ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱⚿ᚑψ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേዷ㐿ψ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥ ᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬ឭ಴ψࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯߣ޿߁৻⽾ߒߚᵹࠇߩ߽ߩߣᝒ߃ࠆ‫ޔ‬వⴕ ⎇ⓥߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍ〯ⷅߒߚ஥㕙ߩ޽ࠆߎߣߪุቯߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦవⴕ⎇ⓥߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ߩ⸃᣿ߦᒰߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬ ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦታ㓙ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺ߩಽᨆ߇৻ㇱࠍ㒰޿ߡⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫߹ޕ‬ ߚหᴺ೙ቯߦ㓙ߒߡ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ⼏⺰߇ਈ߃ߚᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ߽߶ߣࠎߤ⸃᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߕࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦࠇߘߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱⚿ᚑࠍ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߒߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇ േዷ㐿߆ࠄࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯ߹ߢߩേ߈ࠍ৻⽾ߒߚ߽ߩߣᝒ߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚߎߣߪุ ቯߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ߌࠇߤ߽ታ㓙ߦߪ‫┙⸳ޔ‬ᒰೋߩ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߢߪ‫↪૶ޔ‬⠪஥ߩੱ‛ࠍਛᔃߦ⑳┙߿ડᬺ┙ ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙ࠍ߼ߑߔੱ‫ࠍޘ‬฽ࠎߢ޿ߚߎߣ߽޽ߞߡ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋ߆ࠄ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ ᴺ೙ቯᡰេࠍ߼ߑߒߡ޿ߚ⸶ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬หදળ߇ߘࠇࠍᣇ㊎ߦߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߪ‫⚿ޔ‬ ᚑᓟ‫ޔ‬ዋߒ⚻ߞߡ߆ࠄߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ 㧝㧜㧕‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ߁ߦࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺ߦ ߟߥ߇ࠆᦨೋߩᴺ᩺ߢ޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱߇⸳┙ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߥߤ‫߁޿ߣޠ࡞࡯ࠢࠬ࡮ࠗࡂޟ‬ฬ⒓ࠍᜬߟᢎ ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦ߅ߌࠆㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬ടᎿᛛⴚ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒ࠍㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ਄⸥ߩ੐ᖱࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎ߊߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦㅪ㇌⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺ࠍಽᨆߒ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߦឭ ಴ߐࠇߚ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺ߩౝኈ߇‫ୃߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬ᱜㆊ⒟ࠍ⚻ߡ‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ᚑ┙ߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩߘࠇ߳ߣᄌൻߒߡ޿ߞߚ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠈ߁‫ߣࠇߘޕ‬หᤨߦᴺ᩺ ߩᄌㆫߦ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߦ߅޿ߡዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ⼏⺰߇ਈ߃ߚᓇ㗀߽⸃᣿ߔࠆᔅⷐ߽޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਄⸥ߩవⴕ⎇ⓥߩ㒢⇇ߦ㐓ߺᧄⓂߢߪ‫ ࡦ࠻ࡦࠪࡢߦ৻╙ޔ‬D.㧯.ߩ⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߢ෼㓸ߒ ߚㅪ㇌⼏ળߢឭ಴ߐࠇߚ⻉ᴺ᩺㧝㧝㧕ࠍಽᨆߒ‫ޔ‬ห⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᄌㆫ ࠍㆀߍ‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޔ‬ᚑ┙ߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩౝኈߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ‫ߣࠇߘޕ‬. -2-.

(3) アメリカ合衆国における最初の職業教育連邦補助法（スミス・ヒューズ法）の成立過程. หᤨߦ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩၫⴕᆔຬળ߿ℂ੐ળߩ⼏੐㍳㧝㧞㧕ࠍಽᨆߒ‫ޔ‬หදળߢߩ⼏⺰߇ᴺ᩺ߩ ౝኈߩᄌኈߦਈ߃ߚᓇ㗀ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᗧ࿑ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ˍȅΑηΑȆΪνȜΒ༹ଷ೰͈২ٛഎȆࠐफഎ෸ࠊ ᦨೋߦࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯߩ␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛⢛᥊ߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬หᴺ೙ ቯߩ␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛⢛᥊ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙᓤᒉ೙‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫ޠ‬໧㗴ߣᾫ✵ഭ௛⠪㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߋࠆഭ૶ ߩኻ᛫㑐ଥ‫ޔ‬ԙ౏┙ቇᩞߩㅴ⚖ㆃṛ໧㗴ߣ⟵ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆⚳ੌᓟߩሶߤ߽ߚߜߩዞഭ໧㗴߇ ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ೨⠪߆ࠄߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ධർᚢ੎ᓟߩ↥ᬺ㕟๮ߩㅴⴕߦࠃࠆ↢↥⃻႐߳ߩᯏ᪾ዉ ౉ߣಽᬺൻߩㅴⴕߦ઻޿‫ߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ਥߚࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᚻᲑߢ޽ߞߚᓤᒉ೙ߩ‫⴮ޟ‬ㅌ‫߇ޠ‬ᜰ ៰ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫৻ߩߘޕ‬ᣇߢഭ௛ㆊ⒟ో૕ࠍ૶↪⠪஥߇ᡰ㈩ߔࠆߎߣࠍᔒะߒߚ⁁ ᴫਅߢ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⚵วߦࠃࠆᓤᒉ೙ⷙ೙ߦኻ᛫ߒߡ૶↪⠪ߚߜ‫⵾☨ోߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬ㅧᬺ⠪දળ 㧔National Association of Manufacturers‫ޔ‬એਅ㧺㧭㧹㧕ߦ⚿㓸ߒߚੱ‫߿┙⑳ޔߪޘ‬ડᬺ┙ߩ ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙ࠍᔒะߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒഭ௛⚵วߪ෻⊒ࠍ␜ߒߚߌࠇߤ߽‫ઁޔ‬ᣇߢ ↢↥⃻႐߳ߩᯏ᪾ዉ౉ߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬⡯Ꮏߦᢙቇ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ‫ޔ‬࿑↹⵾࿑‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚߩℂ⺰ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂߇ ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ੐ᖱ߽෻ᤋߒߡ‫ߥ⊛☨ోޔ‬ഭ௛⚵ว⚵❱ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆࠕࡔ࡝ ࠞഭ௛✚ห⋖㧔American Federation of Labor, એਅ㧭㧲㧸㧕ߪ‫┙౏ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍਛᔃߣ ߔࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ⏕┙ࠍ᧦ઙߦ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧝㧟㧕‫ޕ‬ ߟ߉ߦᓟ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬19 ਎♿ᧃ߆ࠄ 20 ਎♿ೋᦼߦ߆ߌߡ‫⷏ޔ‬᰷‫ޔ‬ർ᰷ ಴りߩ‫ޟ‬ᣥ⒖᳃‫ߪߣޠ‬ቬᢎ߿↢ᵴ⠌ᘠߩὐߢ⇣ߥࠆ․ᓽࠍ߽ߟධ᰷‫᧲ޔ‬᰷಴りߩ‫ޟ‬ᣂ⒖᳃‫ޠ‬ ߩഀว߇Ⴧടߒ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߩሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇ㇺᏒㇱߩ౏┙ቇᩞߦᄢ㊂ߦ࿷☋ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩ⚿ᨐ‫┙౏ޔ‬ቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆㅴ⚖ㆃṛ߇໧㗴ߣߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㅴ⚖ㆃṛߩਅߢ ⟵ോᢎ⢒ᦼ㑆㧔ᒰᤨᄙߊߩᎺߢ 14 ᱦ߹ߢߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧕ࠍㆊ߉ߡᄙߊߩሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇‫ޔ‬ ᒰᤨߩ㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߖߕߦ౏┙ቇᩞࠍ㔌ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߪߦᦼᤨߩߎߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᾫ ✵⡯⒳ߩᓤᒉ⸠✵ߩ౉⡯ߩᦨૐᐕ㦂߇ 16 ᱦએ㒠ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚߚ߼‫┙౏ޔ‬ቇᩞࠍ㔌ࠇߚ 14 㨪 16 ᱦߩᐕ㦂ጀߩሶߤ߽ߚߜ߇໡ᐫ߿੐ോᚲߩ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩޠࠅ⿛޿૶ޟ‬ਇᾫ✵⡯⒳߿ૐᐲ ߩᾫ✵ߒ߆ᔅⷐߣߒߥ޿⡯⒳ߦᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ߚ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᐕ㦂ጀߩሶߤ߽ߚߜߩߎߣ ߇‫ޟ‬ᶉ⾌ߐࠇߚᐕઍ‫ޠ‬㧔Wasted Age㧕ߣߒߡ໧㗴ߦߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ሶߤ߽ߚ ߜߦኻߔࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇ឭ⿠ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧝㧠㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚ⁁ᴫਅߢ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋ⑳┙߿ડᬺ┙⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙ࠍᔒะߒߡ޿ߚੱ‫ࠍޘ‬ᄙߊ฽ࠎ ߢ޿ߚ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߢ߽‫┙౏ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙‫ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬⡯ᬺ ᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ೙ቯ߳ߩᡰេࠍᣇ㊎ߣߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥࠆ㧝㧡㧕‫ޕ‬ ˎȅड੝͈૖ު‫֗ޗ‬Ⴒཆ༞੩༹մȪΟȜΫΑ༹մȫ͈೹੄̷͂ͦͅచ̳ͥ˪˯ˬ˥ˡ͈฽ ؊ ߒ߆ߒᎿᬺᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺߪ‫ޔ‬૗߽หᴺ߇ᦨೋߩ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕ 1862 ᐕߦ೙ቯߐࠇߚ╙৻ᰴࡕ࡝࡞ᴺ㧔First Morrill Act㧕એ㒠ߩ৻ㅪߩ┙ᴺߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆฦᎺ߳ߩ࿖᦭࿾ઃਈࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᛛᏧ╬ߩኾ㐷⡯㙃ᚑࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ Ბ㓏ߩᎿቇ࡮ㄘቇᢎ⢒ߦኻߔࠆㅪ㇌⵬ഥ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬1887 ᐕߦ೙ቯߐࠇߚࡂ࠶࠴ᴺ 㧔Hatch Act㧕એ㒠ߩ┙ᴺߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ࠍㅢߓߚㄘ᳃ߦኻߔࠆㄘቇߩ⍮⼂ߩ᥉෸. -3-. 219.

(4) 220. 横尾恒隆. ߦ㑐ߒߡฦᎺ߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ᡰ಴߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ 㧝㧢㧕‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬Ꮏᬺഭ௛⠪ࠍ㙃ᚑߒ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ߘߩᢎ⢒ⷐ᳞ߦᔕ߃ࠆᴺᓞߪ‫ޔ‬㐳ࠄߊ೙ቯߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩᎿᬺ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ߦ㑐ߔࠆㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍ᭴ᗐߒߚߣ޿߁ὐߢ‫࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ ࠭ᴺߦ⋥ធ⊛ߦߟߥ߇ࠆᴺ᩺ߩᦨೋߩ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬1907 ᐕ㧝᦬ 22 ᣣߦਅ㒮ߢ ࠴ࡖ࡯࡞࠭࡮㧾࡮࠺࡯ࡆࠬ㧔Charles R. Davis㧕⼏ຬ߇ឭ಴ߒߚᴺ᩺㧝㧣㧕㧔એਅ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ ᩺㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬หᴺ᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡ‫ޟޔ‬ਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩㄘᬺࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞‫ޠ‬ 㧔agricultural high schools of secondary grade㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽㧔home economics㧕ߩᢎ ⢒‫ޟޔ‬ਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩㇺᏒߩࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞‫ޠ‬㧔city high schools of secondary grade㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆട Ꮏᛛⴚ㧔mechanic arts㧕ߣኅ᡽ߩᢎ⢒ࠍᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎߎߢ໧㗴ߣߥࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬หᴺ᩺ߢㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ߚߩ߇‫࡮ࠗࡂޟޔ‬ ࠬࠢ࡯࡞‫ߩޠ‬ฬ⒓ࠍ߽ߟᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߛߞߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᒰᤨ‫ޔߪߣޠ࡞࡯ࠢࠬ࡮ࠗࡂޟ‬ ᚻᎿࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞㧔manual training high school㧕‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞㧔technical high school㧕‫✚ޔ‬ว೙ࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞㧔comprehensive high school㧕ߩᛛⴚ߿⡯ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺖⒟ ߩࠃ߁ߦᛛⴚ߿⡯ᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ⢒ࠍਥߥ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ߽ߩࠍ฽߼ߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙ౉ቇ⠪ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᒰ ᤨߩ㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞߩୃੌߩቇᱧ߆ߘࠇߣห╬ߩቇജࠍ᳞߼‫ޔ‬ԙࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞⒟ᐲߩࠕ ࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢ⑼⋡㧔⧷⺆‫ޔ‬ᢙቇ㧔ઍᢙ‫ޔ‬ᐞ૗ߥߤ㧕‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ㧔‛ℂ‫ޔ‬ൻቇߥߤ㧕‫ޔ‬ᱧผ‫ޔ‬࿾ℂ‫ޔ‬ ᄖ࿖⺆㧕ࠍᢎ᝼ߔࠆᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ߚ 㧝㧤㧕‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ኻߒ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ࠍਛᔃߦዷ㐿ߐ ࠇߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ߁ߦೋ╬ቇᩞψࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߣ޿߁ᣢሽߩ౏ᢎ⢒೙ ᐲ߆ࠄ⁛┙ߒߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙߇ᔒะߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬వㅀߩࠃ߁ߦߎߩᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡ‫߁޿ߣޠ࡞࡯ࠢࠬ࡮ࠗࡂޟ‬ฬ⒓ࠍᜬߟᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐߇ᗐቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ 㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱╬ߩ࿅૕߇⸳┙ࠍ᭴ᗐߒߡ޿ߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߪ‫⋥ޔ‬ធ⊛ߦߪߎߩ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺ ߦ߅ߌࠆㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩਥߚࠆኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚߎߩᴺ᩺ߪ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦ࡞࡯ࠢࠬ࡮ࠗࡂޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫࠴࠶ࡂޔ‬ᴺએ㒠ߩ┙ᴺߢ ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ⵬ഥࠍฃߌߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚᎺ┙ㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ߩᜰዉߩਅߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯ ࡞ߦ㒝⸳ߐࠇࠆㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ಽ႐㧔branch agricultural experimental stations㧕߽⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߒ ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩ․ᓽߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪ 1908 ᐕ㧞᦬ 27 ᣣߩ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺㧝㧥㧕ߦ߽ᒁ߈⛮߇ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ หᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽‫ޔ‬෸߮ടᎿᛛⴚߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎຬ㙃ᚑ߽ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߦട߃ࠄࠇߚ ߣ޿߁ᄌൻߪ޽ߞߚ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃߇‫ޟޔ‬ਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩㄘᬺ ቇᩞ‫ޠ‬㧔agricultural schools of secondary grade㧕‫ޟޔ‬ㇺᏒߩਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩቇᩞ‫ޠ‬㧔city schools of secondary grade㧕ߦᡷ߼ࠄࠇߚߛߌߢ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᕈᩰߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪ 1907 ᐕ㧝᦬ 22 ᣣߩᴺ᩺ ߣߪᄌൻ߇ߥ߆ߞߚߣߺࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߟ߉ߦߎࠇࠄߩᴺ᩺ߦኻߔࠆ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩኻᔕߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬౨㗡ߢ߽⸅ࠇ ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬వⴕ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱߇ᒰೋ߆ࠄ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ೙ቯߦⓍᭂ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚ ߣᝒ߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ታ㓙ߦၫⴕᆔຬળ߿ℂ੐ળߩ⼏੐㍳ߥߤߩ⾗ᢱࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺ߦ㑐ߔࠆหදળߩᘒᐲߪⶄ㔀ߥዷ㐿ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߔߢߦ೎Ⓜߢ߽ᜰ៰ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫┙⸳ޔ‬ᒰೋߩ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ౝㇱߦߪ‫ߩ┙౏ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐 ⸳┙ߦࠃߞߡߢߪߥߊ‫߿┙⑳ޔ‬ડᬺ┙ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⸳┙ߦࠃߞߡ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝ࠍታ⃻ ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚੱ‫ࠅߥ߆߽ޘ‬฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޕ‬੐ᖱࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ‫ޔ‬หදળߩ⸳┙ᒰೋ ߩㆇേᣇ㊎ߩਛߦ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺೙ቯᡰេߪ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ ߒ߆ߒޕ‬1908. -4-.

(5) アメリカ合衆国における最初の職業教育連邦補助法（スミス・ヒューズ法）の成立過程. ᐕ㧝᦬ߩℂ੐ળߢ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߪ‫౏ޔ‬ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ⏕┙ࠍㅢߒߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ ⥝߇ᣇ㊎ߣߐࠇࠆߦ⥋ߞߚ‫ߣࠇߘߚ߹ޕ‬ㅪേߔࠆᒻߢ‫ޔ‬หදળߩℂ੐ળ߿ၫⴕᆔຬળߢ‫ޔ‬ ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺߳ߩኻᔕ߽⼏⺰ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ㧞㧜㧕‫ޕ‬ 㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩℂ੐ળ߿ၫⴕᆔຬળߩ⼏੐㍳ߦࠃࠇ߫‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߦߎߩ⒳ߩᴺ᩺ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ ߇ߺࠄࠇߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬1908 ᐕ㧟᦬ 14 ᣣߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚၫⴕᆔຬળߦ߅޿ߡߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ၫⴕ ᆔຬળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨਅ㒮ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺㧔1908 ᐕ㧞᦬ 27 ᣣឭ಴ߩ߽ߩߢ޽ ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧕ߦ⸒෸ߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺ߿ㄘᬺ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩ㈩ಽ෸߮ㆇ༡ߩᣇᴺ ߦߟ޿ߡ⋥ߜߦᔀᐩ⊛ߦ⺞ᩏߒ‫ޔ‬ႎ๔ߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩᏗᦸࠍ⴫᣿ߔࠆ‫ޠ‬㧞㧝㧕ߎߣ߇᳿ቯߐࠇ ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬᳿ቯߪ‫৻ޔ‬ᣇߢ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺ߩᔅⷐᕈߪ⹺߼ߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ࠬࡆ࡯࠺ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩ ౝኈࠍో㕙⊛ߦ⢐ቯߒߚ߽ߩߣߪ޿߃ߥ޿ᓸᅱߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩ৻࿃ߪ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᴺ᩺߇ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐߇‫߿⊛⋡ޔ‬ᕈ ᩰߩὐߢ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱߇⸳┙ࠍᔒะߒߡ޿ߚߘࠇߣߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ߚߎߣߦ޽ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ ࠆ‫ޕ‬వㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ 1907 ᐕ㧝᦬ 22 ᣣ෸߮ 1908 ᐕ㧞᦬ 27 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺㧔ߣࠅࠊߌ ೨⠪㧕߇ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚߩߪ‫ߣࠇߘߪ޿ࠆ޽࡞࡯ࠢࠬ࡮ࠗࡂޔ‬ห⒟ᐲ ߩਛ╬ቇᩞ㧔ߘߩߥ߆ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᚻᎿࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞߿ᛛⴚ ࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᚻᎿࡂࠗ㨯ࠬࠢ࡯࡞߿ᛛⴚࡂࠗ㨯ࠬࠢ࡯࡞߇⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߣߒߡߩᓎഀ ࠍᨐߚߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣߩℂ↱߆ࠄ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦኻߒߡุቯ⊛ߥ⼏⺰߇ዷ㐿ߐ ࠇ 㧞㧞㧕‫ޔ‬หදળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩ౏ᢎ⢒೙ᐲ߆ࠄ⁛┙ߒߚ‫ޔ‬Ԙోᣣ೙⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐㧔ߘߩߥ߆ ߦߪ‫ޔ‬⡯Ꮏ㙃ᚑࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ․ቯߩᾫ✵⡯⒳ߦߟ޿ߡߩᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ࠻࡟ ࡯࠼࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞㧔trade. school㧕߿‫ޔ‬14 ᱦએ਄ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒ. ߡ޿ߥ޿↢ᓤࠍ౉ቇߐߖ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺߦ㑐ߔࠆၮ␆⊛ߥᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆਛ㑆↥ᬺቇ ᩞ㧔intermediate industrial school㧕ߥߤ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ㧕‫ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ԙቯᤨ೙㧔⧯ᐕഭ௛⠪ ࠍኻ⽎ߦᤤ㑆ߩᤨ㑆Ꮺߦࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁߽ߩ㧕߿ᄛ㑆ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐⸳┙߇᭴ ᗐߐࠇߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥࠆ㧞㧟㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߘߩᓟ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺߩ೙ቯ⥄૕ߦኻߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᡰᜬߩᘒᐲࠍ ᣿⏕ߦߒߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬1908 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 14 ᣣߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚหදળℂ੐ળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬ ‫↥ޟ‬ᬺᢎ⢒ߣㄘᬺᢎ⢒ߩㅴⴕߦ߅ߌࠆ⋥ធ⊛ߢല₸⊛ߥេഥࠍⴕ߁ߩࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ ┙ᴺߩ೙ቯࠍ൘๔ߔࠆ‫߇ߣߎޠ‬᳿ቯߐࠇߚ 㧞㧠㧕‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬หᤨߦߎߩ⚵❱ߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩౝኈࠍ ⥄ಽߚߜߩᗧะߦᴪߞߚ߽ߩߦୃᱜߒߡ޿ߊࠃ߁ߥ௛߈߆ߌࠍߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ˏȅ̷͈ࢃ͈૖ު‫֗ޗ‬Ⴒཆ༞੩༹մ͈ਘୃ͂ȶ࣭ࡩ༞੩տ֥ٛȷ͈୭౾ ߘߩᓟ਄࡮ਅਔ㒮ߢឭ಴ߐࠇࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬หදળߩ⼏⺰ࠍ〯߹߃ߚ߽ߩ ߣߥߞߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕ‬1909 ᐕ㧝᦬ 20 ᣣߦਅ㒮ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺㧞㧡㧕ߢߪ‫ ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ ߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㄘ᧛෸߮ㇺᏒߩਛ╬ቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬⍴ᦼ⺖⒟‫ޠ‬㧔shorter courses㧕߇ട߃ࠄ ࠇߚ‫ޟߩߎޕ‬⍴ᦼ⺖⒟‫ޔߪޠ‬ೋ╬ቇᩞߦㅢቇߔࠆᐕ㒢ࠍㆊ߉‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ੐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ ⡯ᬺߦዞഭਛ߆ዞഭߒߚ⚻㛎߇޽ࠆੱ‫ࠍޘ‬ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ 1910 ᐕ㧝᦬㧡ᣣ਄㒮ߦ࡚ࠫ࠽ࠨࡦ࡮㧼࡮࠼࡝ࡃ࡯㧔Jonathan P. Dolliver㧕⼏ຬ߇ឭ಴ߒߚ ᴺ᩺㧔࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺㧕㧞㧢㧕ߢߪ‫⵬ޔ‬ഥኻ⽎ߣߒߡ㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞࠍතᬺߒߡ޿ߥ޿ੱ‫ߩޘ‬ ߚ߼ߩ‫⵬ޟ‬⠌⺖⒟‫ޠ‬㧔continuation courses㧕߽ⷙቯߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬. -5-. 221.

(6) 222. 横尾恒隆. 1910 ᐕ㧝᦬㧡ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߦ߅ߌࠆዞഭ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ‫ޟ‬⍴ᦼ⺖⒟‫ߣޠ‬ೋ╬ቇᩞ ߩ⺖⒟ᧂୃੌ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ‫⵬ޟ‬⠌⺖⒟‫ࠍޠ‬඙೎ߔࠆⷙቯߪ‫ޔ‬ᚑੱഭ௛⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᢎ⢒ᯏ 㑐ߣ‫ޔ‬వㅀߩ౏┙ቇᩞߩㅴ⚖ㆃṛߩਅߢ㧤ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߖߕߦዞഭߒߡ޿ࠆ ሶߤ߽ߚߜࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߘࠇ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬೨⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᄛ㑆ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߣᓟ⠪ࠍኻ ⽎ߣߔࠆቯᤨ೙ߩߘࠇࠍ඙೎ߔࠆࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩⷙቯߩ⪚⧘ߣߺࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߎߩⷙቯߪ‫⧯ޔߦߜߛߚޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ߦኻߒߡᤤ㑆ߩᤨ㑆Ꮺߦࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓߢ᝼ᬺࠍ ⴕ߁ቯᤨ೙⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐߳ߩ⵬ഥⷙቯߩᚑ┙ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߩߘޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ ᓟߩᴺ᩺㧙㧙 1910 ᐕ㧞᦬㧤ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺㧞㧣㧕‫ޔ‬1910 ᐕ㧢᦬ 22 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ ᴺ᩺㧞㧤㧕‫ޔ‬1911 ᐕ㧠᦬㧢ᣣឭ಴ߩࡍࠗࠫᴺ᩺㧞㧥㧕ߥߤߩᴺ᩺㧙㧙ߢߪ‫⵬ޟޔ‬⠌⺖⒟‫޿ߟߦޠ‬ ߡ‫ޟޔ‬⍴ᦼ‫ޟޠ‬ᄛ㑆‫ߩޠ‬⡯ᬺ⺖⒟ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߣߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ଐὼߣߒߡ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ኻ⽎ ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᄛ㑆ߦ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇೨ឭߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⏕߆ߦ 1910 㨪 11 ᐕߦ‫⧯ߢ࠷ࠗ࠼ޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⵬⠌ቇᩞߩᢛ஻ߦዧജߒߚߎ ߣߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ㧳࡮ࠤ࡞࠮ࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗ࠽࡯㧔G. Kershcensteiner㧕߇⸰☨ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᤤ㑆ߩᤨ㑆Ꮺ ߦࡄ࡯࠻࠲ࠗࡓߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ⵬⠌ቇᩞߩℂᔨ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⻠Ṷߒߡ߅ࠅ 㧟㧜㧕‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ 1910 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ╙㧠࿁ᄢળߢ‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߩᣇᑼߢ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ቯᤨ೙⡯ ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߚߩߪ੐ታߢ޽ߞߚ㧟㧝㧕‫ޔߕࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦࠇߘߒ߆ߒޕ‬ ᒰᤨ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ౝㇱߢ߽‫⧯ޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᄛ㑆ߦ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ ߎߣࠍ೨ឭߣߔࠆ⼏⺰߽ሽ࿷ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬⒳ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐߇ᤤ㑆ߩᤨ㑆Ꮺߦ᝼ᬺࠍⴕ߁ߴ ߈ߛߣ޿߁วᗧߪ‫ޔ‬ଐὼߣߒߡᚑ┙ߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧟㧞㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ߶߆ 1910 ᐕ㧢᦬ 22 ᣣߦ਄㒮ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫৻╙ޔ‬ᰴࡕ࡝࡞ᴺએ㒠 ߩ ࿯ ࿾ ઃ ਈ ᴺ ߩ ߽ ߣ ߢ ⸳ ┙ ߐ ࠇ ߚ Ꮊ ┙ ㄘ ቇ ࡮ Ꮏ ቇ ࠞ ࡟ ࠶ ࠫ ߩ ᜛ ᒛ ㇱ㐷㧔 extension department㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯ߇ᣂ⸳ߐࠇߚ‫⥸৻ޔߪ⊛⋡ߩߘޕ‬૑᳃ߦㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽‫ޔ‬ㄘ ᧛੐ᖱߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ᝼╬ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ 㧟㧟㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬⒳ߩᣉ⸳ߦኻߔࠆㅪ㇌⵬ഥߪ‫ޔ‬ᓟߢ ⸅ࠇࠆࠬࡒࠬ࡮࡟࡯ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺߇ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޟ‬ㄘᬺ᜛ᒛㇱ㐷‫ޠ‬ 㧔agricultural extension department㧕ߣ⋡⊛‫ޔ‬ᕈᩰ߇ᭂ߼ߡ㘃ૃߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળ ߢߩਔ⠪ߩክ⼏ߩ┹วߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᴺ᩺ክ⼏ߪ㔍⥶ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ 1910 ᐕ㧝᦬ 20 ᣣߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺એ㒠ߩ৻ㅪߩᴺ᩺㧔એਅ࠺࡯ ࡆࠬ࡮࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩⷐ᳞ߦᴪߞߚᒻߢ‫ޟ‬⍴ᦼ⺖⒟‫⵬ޟ߿ޠ‬⠌⺖⒟‫ޠ‬ ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯ߇฽߹ࠇࠆߥߤߩୃᱜ߇ട߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ଐὼߣߒߡ ㄘᬺਛ╬ቇᩞߦ㒝⸳ߐࠇࠆㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ಽ႐߇⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߶߆‫ޔ‬వㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ 1910 ᐕ㧢᦬ 22 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ┙ㄘቇ࡮Ꮏቇࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩ᜛ᒛㇱ㐷߽⵬ഥኻ ⽎ߦട߃ࠄࠇࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩౝኈߪ‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩⷐ᳞ߦో㕙⊛ߦᴪߞߚ߽ߩߢ ߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩᓟ࠺࡯ࡆࠬ࡮࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߪ‫࡯ࡃ࡝࠼ޔ‬਄㒮⼏ຬߩᱫ෰ߥߤߩ੐ᖱ߽޽ࠅਇᚑ┙ߦ ⚳ࠊߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᴺ᩺ᚑ┙ߩߚ߼ߩദജߪ‫࡮࡞ࡠࡖࠠޔ‬㧿࡮ࡍࠗࠫ㧔Carroll S. Page㧕਄ 㒮⼏ຬߥߤߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈⛮߇ࠇߚ㧟㧠㧕‫ ߒߛߚޕ‬1911 ᐕ㧠᦬㧢ᣣߦ਄㒮ߢห⼏ຬߦࠃߞߡឭ ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺㧔ࡍࠗࠫᴺ᩺㧕㧟㧡㧕෸߮หᐕ㧠᦬ 20 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺㧟㧢㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ ኻ⽎ߥߤߩὐߢ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߘࠇ߹ߢߩ࠺࡯ࡆࠬ࡮࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߣᄢ߈ߥᄌൻߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎ߁ߒߚ⁁ᴫߩਅߢ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩ⋡⊛╬ߪ⹏ଔߒߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝኈߦߪ⇼໧ ࠍ⴫᣿ߒ‫ୃߩߘޔ‬ᱜࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ ߕ߹ޕ‬1911 ᐕ㧝᦬ 20 ᣣ㐿௅ߩၫⴕᆔຬળߢ. -6-.

(7) アメリカ合衆国における最初の職業教育連邦補助法（スミス・ヒューズ法）の成立過程. ߪ‫ޔ‬1910 ᐕ㧢᦬ 22 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߩ‫ోޟ‬૕⊛ߥ♖␹ߣ⋡⊛‫ࠍޠ‬㜞ߊ⹏ଔߒߥ߇ࠄ ߽‫ޔ‬หᴺ᩺ߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙㅪ㇌᡽ᐭ߇ฦᎺߦᡰ಴ߔࠆ㊄㗵ߣห㗵ࠍ‫ޔ‬ฦᎺ߇ᡰ಴ߔࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆቇᩞߩဳߣ႐ᚲߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯ‫ޔ‬Ԛᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ↪⺆ߩቯ⟵‫ޔ‬ԛㅪ㇌ ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆ⋙⟨ߥߤߩὐߢୃᱜ߇ᔅⷐߛߣߩ⼏⺰߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧟㧣㧕‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ 1911 ᐕߩ 11 ᦬ߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ╙㧡࿁ᄢળߢ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߩℂ⺰⊛ᜰ ዉ⠪ߩ৻ੱߢ޽ࠆ࠺࡯ࡆ࠶࠼࡮ࠬࡀ࠶࠺ࡦ㧔David Snedden㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬1911 ᐕ㧠᦬㧢ᣣឭ಴ߩ ࡍࠗࠫᴺ᩺ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ߩಽ႐ߥߤߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪߆ࠄ⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ ߽ߩ߽ኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߩ໧㗴ὐࠍᜰ៰ߔࠆߣหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ▤ℂ⊛ߥ ᯏ㑐ࠍ‫ޔ‬㚂ㇺࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦߦ⸳⟎ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߛߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗ࠍ⴫᣿ߒߡ޿ߚ 㧟㧤㧕‫ߡ߇߿ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩ⼏⺰ߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩౝኈߦ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߦ߅ߌࠆߎࠇࠄߩᴺ᩺߳ߩᛕ್㧙㧙ߣࠅࠊߌ↪⺆ߩቯ⟵ߩ᣿⏕ൻ߳ߩⷐ᳞㧙㧙ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߩᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬ᴪߞߚୃᱜ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߊߎߣߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬1912 ᐕ㧞᦬ 26 ᣣ਄㒮ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚࡍࠗࠫᴺ᩺㧟㧥㧕ߢߪ‫⵬ޟޔ‬⠌⺖⒟‫ߩޠ‬ᢎ᝼ࠍ‫ޔ‬ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ਄ ⚖ቇᐕߩᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽ⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣⷙቯߐࠇߚ‫ߦ⊛⚳ᦨޕ‬ᚑ┙ߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ ࡯࠭ᴺߢߪ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ߦኻߒߡ᥉ㅢᢎ⢒ਛᔃߩᢎ⢒ࠍᣉߔ⵬⠌ቇᩞ߽ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߦ ฽߹ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩⷙቯ߽ߘߩḮᵹߩ৻ߟߣߒߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ 1912 ᐕ㧟᦬㧣ᣣߦਅ㒮ߢ࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮㧮࡮࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦ㧔William B. Wilson㧕⼏ຬ ߇ឭ಴ߒߚᴺ᩺ 㧠㧜㧕㧔࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦᴺ᩺㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ ቯ⟵ߦ‫ޟ‬14 ᱦએ਄‫ࠍޘੱߩޠ‬ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ઃߌട߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ⷙߩߎޕ‬ቯߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ㧤 ᐕ೙ೋ╬ቇᩞ਄⚖ቇᐕߩ⺖⒟ಽൻߦ઻޿ታᣉߐࠇࠆ⡯ᬺ੍஻ᢎ⢒㧔prevocational education㧕㧠㧝㧕. ࠍㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎߆ࠄᄖߔߣหᤨߦ‫┙౏ޔ‬ቇᩞߩㅴ⚖ㆃṛ໧㗴ߩ߽ߣߢ‫ޔ‬ೋ╬ቇᩞߩ. ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ⠪ߚߜࠍ౉ቇߐߖࠆᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍ‫ోޔ‬ᣣ೙ߩ߽ߩࠍ฽߼ߡㅪ㇌⵬ ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ൻߒߚୃᱜߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ߐࠄߦ 1912 ᐕ㧠᦬ 20 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦᴺ᩺㧠㧞㧕ߪ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߣᲧߴߡ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐࠍ߆ߥࠅ෻ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߣߥߞߚ‫⚿ߩߎޔߪߟ৻ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ߇ㅪ㇌⵬ ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߔࠆᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ ‫ߚߒ┙⁛ޟ‬Ꮏᬺቇᩞ޽ࠆ޿ߪኅ᡽ቇᩞ‫ޠ‬ 㧔Separate industrial or home-economics school㧕ߣ޿߁ᒻߢ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱߇⼏⺰ߩኻ⽎ߣߒߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ 㑐ࠍㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌࠆߎߣ߇᣿⏕ߦߐࠇߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚߎߩᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐ 㧠㧟㧕߇ฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ ⽎ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙోᣣ೙ࠢ࡜ࠬ㧔all-day classes㧕ߦട߃‫ޔ‬ԙ⡯ᬺߦᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬ ߘߩ⚻㛎ࠍᜬߟੱ‫ࠍޘ‬ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆቯᤨ೙࡮⵬⠌ࠢ࡜ࠬ㧔part-time and continuation classes㧕‫ޔ‬ Ԛᣣਛ⥄ಽߚߜ߇ᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ࠆ⡯ᬺߦߟ޿ߡߩᢎ᝼ࠍฃߌࠆ 16 ᱦએ਄ߩᚑੱഭ௛⠪ࠍኻ ⽎ߣߔࠆᄛ㑆ࠢ࡜ࠬ㧔evening. classes㧕߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬వㅀߩࠃ߁ߦᦨ⚳⊛ߦᚑ┙ߔࠆߎ. ߣߦߥࠆࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙ ోᣣ೙‫ޔ‬ԙቯᤨ೙‫ޔ‬Ԛᄛ㑆ߩ㧟⒳㘃ࠍᗐቯߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩⷙቯߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ వ㚟ߌߦߥࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩᴺ᩺㧔ࡍࠗࠫ࡮࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦᴺ᩺㧕߇㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ⼏⺰ࠍ෻ᤋߒߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ ࡊࡠ࠶ࠨ࡯ߪ‫ޔ‬หදળߩ੐ോዪ㐳ዞછ⨲‫ޔޘ‬1912 ᐕ㧠᦬㧝ᣣ߆ࠄ⠉ 1913 ᐕ㧠᦬㧝ᣣ߹ߢ ߩ㧝ᐕ㑆ߦ‫ޟ‬50,000 ࡑࠗ࡞એ਄ߩᣏⴕࠍߒߡ‫ޔޠ‬ᄙߊߩᎺ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߢ 100 ࿁એ਄ߩ⻠Ṷߥߤ ߩᵴേࠍⴕ߁ 㧠㧠㧕ߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ᚑ┙ߩߚ߼ߦ♖ജ⊛ߥᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߒ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬࿅૕ߩᡰ. -7-. 223.

(8) 224. 横尾恒隆. ᜬࠍᓧࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒߚ㧠㧡㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒᓐߩ♖ജ⊛ߥᵴേߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߪᚑ┙ߖߕߦ⚳ࠊߞߚ‫৻ߩߘޕ‬ ࿃ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆߎࠇࠄߩᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏߇‫৻╙ޔ‬ᰴࡕ࡝࡞ᴺ‫࠴࠶ࡂޔ‬ᴺએ㒠ߩ৻ㅪߩ ┙ᴺߩ♽⼆ߦ૏⟎ߠߊࠬࡒࠬ࡮࡟࡯ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߩߘࠇߣ┹วߒߚߎߣߦ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᴺ᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬ 1912 ᐕ㧝᦬એ㒠૗࿁߆ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ‫৻╙ޔ‬ᰴࡕ࡝࡞ᴺߥߤߩᴺᓞߦࠃߞ ߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚᎺ┙ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩᜰዉߩਅߢ‫⥸৻ޔ‬૑᳃ߦኻߒߡㄘᬺߣኅ᡽ߦ㑐ߔࠆᢎ᝼╬ࠍ ⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ޟ‬ㄘᬺ᜛ᒛㇱ㐷‫ߦࠇߘޔߒ┙⸳ࠍޠ‬ኻߒㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ࠍᡰ಴ߔࠆߎߣ ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ 㧠㧢㧕‫ޟߩߎޕ‬ㄘᬺ᜛ᒛㇱ㐷‫ࡦ࠰࡞ࠖ࠙࡮ࠫࠗࡍޔߪޠ‬ᴺ᩺߇ㅪ㇌ ⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿ߚᎿቇ‫ޔ‬ㄘቇࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩ᜛ᒛㇱ㐷ߣ⋡⊛‫ޔ‬ᕈᩰߩὐߢ㘃ૃߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒࠬࡒࠬ࡮࡟࡯ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߣࡍࠗࠫ࡮࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦᴺ᩺ߣߩ㑆ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߚࠆㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩ ኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ߚᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦ㆑޿߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬೨⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦߪㄘᬺᢎ⢒ߦኻߔ ࠆ⵬ഥᴺ᩺ߢ޽ߞߚߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒ࠍ฽߻ਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ࠍㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩ ኻ⽎ߣߒߚᴺ᩺ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬੐ᖱࠍ෻ᤋߒߡࠬࡒࠬ࡮࡟࡯ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ㑐ଥ⠪ ߩᡰᜬࠍฃߌߡ޿ߚߩߦኻߒ‫ࡦ࠰࡞ࠖ࠙࡮ࠫࠗࡍޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺኅ߿ഭ௛⚵วߥߤᎿᬺ㑐 ଥ⠪ߩᡰᜬࠍฃߌߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ 1913 ᐕߦߥࠆߣ‫⼏ޔ‬ળౝߢ߽ਔᴺ᩺ߩ⺞ᢛࠍ࿑ࠆേ߈߇⴫㕙ൻߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕหᐕߩ਄㒮ㆬ᜼ᓟ‫࡯ࡃ࡯࡟࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩឭ᩺⠪ߩ৻ੱߢ޽ࠆࠬࡒࠬ਄㒮⼏ຬߣ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩᓎຬߚߜߣߩ㑆ߦ⚩჻දቯ㧠㧣㧕߇⚿߫ࠇ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐ 1914 ᐕ㧝᦬ߩࠬࡒࠬ࡮࡟࡯ ࡃ࡯ᴺߩᚑ┙ߣࡍࠗࠫ࡮࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦᴺ᩺ߩਇᚑ┙ࠍฃߌߡ‫ޔ‬೨⠪ߩឭ᩺⠪ߢ޽ߞߚࠬࡒࠬ ਄㒮⼏ຬߩឭ᩺ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬หᐕ㧝᦬ߦㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫⸳߇ޠ‬ቯߐࠇ‫ߩߘޔ‬㧢᦬ ߹ߢߦหᆔຬળߪႎ๔ᦠࠍឭ಴ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ːȅȶ࣭ࡩ༞੩տ֥ٛ༭࣬੥ȷ೹੄̷͂ͦͬ਋̫̹ΑηΑȆΪνȜΒ༹մ͈೹੄ 1914 ᐕ㧢᦬㧝ᣣߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޔߪޠ‬ᒰᤨߩ␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛⁁ ᴫߥߤߩὐ߆ࠄ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ ߩಽ㊁㧔ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽㧕‫ޔ‬ԙ⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ⒳㘃㧔ోᣣ೙‫ޔ‬ቯᤨ೙‫ޔ‬ᄛ㑆 ቇᩞ㧕߿ᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᧦ઙߥߤ‫ޔ‬೙ቯߐࠇࠆߴ߈ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇࠆߴ߈᧦㗄 ߦߟ޿ߡߩ൘๔ࠍⴕߞߚ㧠㧤㧕‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚหႎ๔ᦠ߇ឭ಴ߐࠇߚߩߣหߓ‫ޔ‬1914 ᐕ㧢᦬ 1 ᣣߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺㧠㧥㧕෸߮ ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺㧡㧜㧕ߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠߩ൘๔ߩౝኈࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߢ‫৻ޔ‬ㇱߩⷙቯࠍ㒰߈‫ޔ‬1917 ᐕߦᦨ⚳⊛ߦᚑ┙ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺ߇ᚑ┙ߒߚߣߺࠆ ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩᴺ᩺ߦߪ‫ޟޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߩޠ‬ౝኈࠍ෻ᤋߒ‫ޔ‬หᆔຬળ⸳⟎એ೨ߩᴺ ᩺ߣߪ‫ޔ‬ౝኈ⊛ߦᄙߊߩὐߢ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ߚ‫⵬ޔߪߟ৻ޕ‬ഥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᯏ㑐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬వㅀߩ ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬ឭ಴એ೨ߩᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ಽ႐߿ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ᜛ᒛㇱ㐷ߦኻߔࠆ⵬ഥⷙቯ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ႎ๔ᦠឭ಴ᓟߩᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫࡯ࡃ࡯࡟࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩ ౝኈߣߩ㊀ⶄࠍㆱߌࠆߚ߼‫ⷙߩߘޔ‬ቯߪ೥㒰ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ੑߟ⋡ߪ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩቯ⟵ߩ᣿⏕ൻߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਔᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ ߩ⋡⊛ࠍ‫ߥ⋉᦭ޟ‬㓹↪‫ޠ‬㧔useful employment㧕߳ߩḰ஻ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇᣿⸥ߐࠇߚ‫⵬ߚ߹ޕ‬ ഥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩ᳓Ḱߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ࠫ࠶࡟ࠞޟޔ‬Ბ㓏ࠃࠅਅ‫ߩޠ‬Ბ㓏ߩ߽ߩߢ‫ޔ‬14 ᱦ. -8-.

(9) アメリカ合衆国における最初の職業教育連邦補助法（スミス・ヒューズ法）の成立過程. એ਄ߩ⠪ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇᣿⏕ߦߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߩ⿰ᣦߪ‫ޔ‬వㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥ ᆔຬળ‫⟎⸳ޠ‬એ೨ߩᴺ᩺‫ ߌࠊࠅߣޔ‬1912 ᐕ㧠᦬ 20 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦᴺ᩺ߦ߽฽߹ࠇߡ ޿ߚߌࠇߤ߽‫ࠬࡒࠬߩߎޔ‬ᴺ᩺߿ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫⿰ߩߎޔ‬ᣦ߇◲ẖ߆ߟ᣿⏕ߦ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߦߺࠄࠇߚ‫ࠢࠬ࡮ࠗࡂޟ‬ ࡯࡞‫ޟޠ‬ਛ╬Ბ㓏ߩቇᩞ‫ޔߕࠄ߅ߡࠇߐ↪૶߇⺆↪ߩ╬ޠ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱߇ᔒะߒߡ޿ߚᣢሽ ߩ౏ᢎ⢒೙ᐲ߆ࠄ⁛┙ߒߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎޿ߚⷙቯߣߐࠇߚߎߣ߽ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਃߟ⋡ߪ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ߩ૶ㅜ߇᣿⏕ൻߐࠇߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠇߘޕ‬એ೨ߩᴺ᩺ߢ ߽‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ࠍᢝ࿾߿ᩞ⥢ߩ⾼౉߳ߩలᒰ⑌ᱛⷙቯߪ޽ߞߚ߽ߩߩ‫ࠇߘޔ‬એᄖߩ૶ㅜߦ ߟ޿ߡߪ᣿⏕ߥⷙቯ߇ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫⵬ޔ‬ഥ㊄ߩ૶ㅜߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺ⑼⋡ߩ ᢎຬ㙃ᚑߩઁ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺ⑼⋡ߩᢎຬ╬ߩ⛎ਈ‫ߜࠊߥߔޔ‬Ԙㄘᬺ⑼⋡ߩᢎຬ‫⟨⋙ޔ‬⠪‫ޔ‬ᜰዉਥ੐‫ޔ‬ ෸߮ԙᎿᬺ⑼⋡ߩᢎຬߩ⛎ਈߦ㒢ቯߐࠇߚ㧔ᦨ⚳⊛ߦᚑ┙ߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߢ⵬ഥ ኻ⽎ߣߥߞߚኅ᡽⑼⋡ߩᢎຬ⛎ਈ߇‫⵬ޔ‬ഥኻ⽎ߦട߃ࠄࠇߚߩߪ 1916 ᐕ㧞᦬ 10 ᣣឭ಴ߩ ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺એ㒠ߩᴺ᩺ߢ޽ߞߚ㧕‫ޕ‬ ྾ߟ⋡ߪ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ߩޠ‬൘๔ࠍฃߌߡ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ 㑐ߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯ㧔Ԙోᣣ೙Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ႐ว‫ޔ‬᝼ᬺᤨ㑆ߩඨಽએ਄ࠍ‫↪᦭ޟ‬ ߥ޽ࠆ޿ߪ↢↥⊛ߥၮ␆ߦၮߠ޿ߚታ㓙⊛ߥ⺖ᬺ‫ߦޠ‬లߡࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ԙోᣣ೙ㄘᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐 ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽㧢ࡩ᦬㑆‫ޔ‬ቇᩞ㒝ዻߩㄘ႐޽ࠆ޿ߪߘߩઁߩㄘ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆㄘᬺታ⠌ࠍⴕ ߁ߎߣ‫ޔ‬Ԛᄛ㑆Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫↢ޔ‬ᓤߩᣣᏱߩᬺോࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆᢎ᝼ߦ㒢ቯߔࠆߎ ߣ‫ޔ‬ԛቯᤨ೙Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⧯ޔ‬ᐕഭ௛⠪ߩ⍮⊛࡮⡯ᬺ⊛ߥ⍮ᕈࠍะ਄ߐߖࠆߚ ߼ߩ޿߆ߥࠆ⑼⋡ࠍ߽ㅪ㇌ኻ⽎ߦߔࠆߣ޿߁ⷙቯ㧕߇⸳ߌࠄࠇߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬ਔᴺ᩺ ߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⵬ഥ㊄ߩ㧝㧛㧟ࠍቯᤨ೙ቇᩞ࡮ࠢ࡜ࠬߦలߡߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߣ ߔࠆⷙቯ߽⸳ߌࠄࠇߚ㧔ߥ߅ 1916 ᐕ㧞᦬ 10 ᣣឭ಴ߩࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺એ㒠ߩᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ࠇߎޔ‬ ࠄߩ⃻࿷ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒㧔ᯏ㑐㧕߇Ꮏᬺ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ᢎ⢒㧔ᯏ㑐㧕ߦᡷ߼ࠄࠇߚ㧕‫ޕ‬ ࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩౝኈ߇‫ޟޔ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫⻉ߩޠ‬൘๔ࠍ〯߹߃ߚ߽ߩߣߥ ߞߚߎߣ߽޽ߞߡ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߦኻߔࠆ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩᘒᐲߪ‫ߡ߼ࠊ߈ޔ‬ᅢᗧ⊛ߥ߽ߩߣ ߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬หදળߪ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩㅪ㇌⼏ળㅢㆊߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬࿅૕ߦ ௛߈߆ߌࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬Ԙડᬺߩ࿅૕ߢ޽ࠆวⴐ࿖໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲ㧔U.S. Chamber of Commerce㧕㧡㧝㧕‫ޔ‬ ԙ ഭ ௛ ⚵ ว ⚵ ❱ ߢ ޽ ࠆ 㧭㧲㧸㧡㧞㧕‫ ޔ‬Ԛ ቇ ᩞ ᢎ ຬ ߩ ࿅ ૕ ߢ ޽ ࠆ ో ☨ ᢎ ⢒ ද ળ 㧔 National Education Association‫ޔ‬㧺㧱㧭㧕㧡㧟㧕‫ޔ‬ԛኅ᡽ᢎ⢒࿅૕ߣߒߡߩో☨ኅ᡽ቇળ㧔American Home Economics Association㧕㧡㧠㧕ߣ޿ߞߚ᏷ᐢ޿࿅૕ߩᡰᜬࠍขࠅઃߌߡ޿ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ˑȅႲཆ૖ު‫֗ޗ‬տ֥͈ٛࢹ଼̪ͬ͛ͥ࿚ఴ͂ΑηΑȆΪνȜΒ଼༹ၛ ߒ߆ߒ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߪ‫ޔ‬ਔᴺ᩺ߩߔߴߡߩౝኈࠍᡰᜬߒߡ޿ߚࠊߌߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ ߩᴺ᩺ߦߟ޿ߡหදળ߇ਇḩࠍᗵߓߡ޿ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥ╬ࠍ▤ロߔࠆ⋡⊛ ߢ⸳┙ߐࠇࠆㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ㧔Federal Board for Vocational Education㧕ߩ᭴ᚑߢ޽ߞ ߚ‫ޕ‬ 1914 ᐕ㧢᦬㧝ᣣឭ಴ߩࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬หᆔຬળ⸳⟎ߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯࠍ฽ ࠎߢ޿ߚ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬หᆔຬળߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ㇷ᡽㐳ቭ‫ޔ‬ౝോ㐳ቭ‫ޔ‬໡ോ㐳ቭ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛㐳ቭߣ޿߁ ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ㑑௥෸߮วⴐ࿖ᢎ⢒㐳ቭߢ᭴ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍᗐቯߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦ↥ᬺಽ㊁ߩઍ⴫⠪ ߥߤᏱൕߩᆔຬࠍછ๮ߔࠆߎߣߪᗐቯߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧔ߚߛߒᴺᓞߩၫⴕߩߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ. -9-. 225.

(10) 226. 横尾恒隆. ഥᚻߥߤߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈࠍ㓹↪ߔࠆߎߣߪน⢻ߛߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧕㧡㧡㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇ㊎ߪ‫ޔ‬1915 ᐕ 12 ᦬㧢ᣣߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺㧡㧢㧕‫ޔ‬1915 ᐕ 12 ᦬㧣ᣣߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺㧡㧣㧕‫ߐޔ‬ ࠄߦߪ 1916 ᐕ㧝᦬ 31 ᣣߦ਄㒮ᢎ⢒࡮ഭ௛ᆔຬળߦઃ⸤ߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺㧡㧤㧕ߦ߽⛮ᛚߐ ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળࠍㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ㑑௥╬ߢ᭴ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁ⷙቯߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱߿ว ⴐ࿖໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲ߆ࠄߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬⡯ോߦኾᔨߢ߈ࠆੱ‫ࠍޘ‬ᆔຬળߩ᭴ᚑຬߦ฽߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫ୃޔ‬ ᱜࠍ᳞߼ࠆ⼏⺰߇಴ߐࠇߚ㧡㧥㧕‫ߩߘޔߡ⚻ࠍ✲⚻ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ᓟឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺㧔1916 ᐕ㧞 ᦬ 10 ᣣឭ಴ߩࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺㧢㧜㧕 ‫ޔ‬1916 ᐕ㧣᦬ 10 ᣣߦਅ㒮ߦࠕࠗࠩ࠶ࠢ࡮ࠪ࡯ࠥ࡞㧔Isaac Siegel㧕⼏ຬ߇ឭ಴ߒߚᴺ᩺㧢㧝㧕㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળࠍ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ㑑௥߿วⴐ࿖ ᢎ⢒㐳ቭߦട߃‫⵾ޔ‬ㅧᬺ‫ޔ‬໡ᬺ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺઍ⴫ߩࠃ߁ߦ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆฦ⇇ߩઍ⴫⠪ߥ ߤߦࠃߞߡ⚵❱ߔࠆߎߣ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߘߩᓟ‫ޔ‬਄㒮ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺㧔1916 ᐕ㧣᦬ 19 ᣣឭ಴ߩࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺߳ߩ ୃᱜ᩺ 㧢㧞㧕㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩ᭴ᚑߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ㅢࠅߩⷙቯߣߐࠇߡ ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬หᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒৻⥸෸߮ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬Ꮏᬺᢎ⢒╬ߩኾ㐷ኅࠍഥᚻߣߒߡછ๮ߒ‫ޔ‬ ߹ߚԙฦ↥ᬺಽ㊁߿ഭ௛⠪‫ޔ‬᥉ㅢᢎ⢒㑐ଥ⠪ߩઍ⴫⠪߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ⻁໧ᆔຬળࠍ⸳⟎ߔ ࠆߎߣࠍⷙቯߒߡ޿ߚ߽ߩߩ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળ⥄૕ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ㅢࠅㅪ㇌᡽ ᐭߩ㑐ଥ㑑௥╬ߢ᭴ᚑߔࠆࠃ߁ߦⷙቯߒߡ޿ߚ‫ⷙߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬ቯߪ‫ޔ‬หᐕ㧣᦬ߦ਄㒮ߢ޿ߞ ߚࠎน᳿ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬㧤᦬ 25 ᣣߦਅ㒮ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߦઃ⸤ߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺㧢㧟㧕ߦ߽ᒁ߈⛮߇ࠇߡ ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߪਇḩࠍᜬߜߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬ഥᚻ߿⻁໧ᆔຬળߦ㑐ߔࠆⷙቯ߇⸳ߌ ࠄࠇࠆߥߤߩ೨ㅴ㕙ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᆫ൓߽␜ߒ‫߇ޘੱߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ታ⾰⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬ ળ߇ᨐߚߔߴ߈ᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߳ߩᦼᓙࠍ⴫᣿ߒߡ޿ߚ㧢㧠㧕‫ޕ‬ ߿߇ߡ਄⸥ߩ⼏⺰ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ೙ቯ߇㑆ㄭߥᤨᦼߦߥࠆߣ‫ޔ‬਄㒮ߦ ឭ಴‫ޔ‬ክ⼏ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺ߦ߽‫ޔ‬ਅ㒮ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺ߣห᭽‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߦฦ↥ᬺ ಽ㊁ߩઍ⴫⠪߿ഭ௛⠪ߩઍ⴫ࠍട߃ࠆᣇะߢୃᱜ߇ട߃ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߕవㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ 1916 ᐕ 7 ᦬ߦ਄㒮ߢ޿ߞߚࠎน᳿ߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ ⢒ᆔຬળߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ଐὼߣߒߡㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ㑐ଥ㑑௥╬ߦࠃߞߡ᭴ᚑߔࠆߎߣߦߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇߦኻߒਅ㒮ߢߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᆔຬળߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ㑐ଥ㑑௥╬ߦട߃ߡ‫⵾ޔ‬ㅧᬺઍ⴫ 㧝ฬ‫ޔ‬໡ᬺઍ⴫㧝ฬ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺઍ⴫㧝ฬ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ઍ⴫㧝ฬ‫ޔ‬ว⸘㧠ฬߩᏒ᳃ࠍ฽߻ࠃ߁ߦୃᱜ ߐࠇߚ㧢㧡㧕‫ୃߩߘߦࠄߐޕ‬ᱜ᩺߇ 1917 ᐕ㧝᦬㧥ᣣߦਅ㒮ࠍㅢㆊߒߚᓟ‫ޔ‬ਔ㒮ද⼏ળࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬ ᴺ᩺ᚑ┙⋥೨ߩหᐕ㧞᦬ 14 ᣣߦ਄㒮ߦౣᐲឭ಴ߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔ ຬળߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩ㑐ଥ㑑௥╬એᄖߦട߃ࠄࠇࠆᆔຬߩੱᢙߪ㧠ੱ߆ࠄ㧟ੱߦ೥ᷫ ߐࠇ‫ߩߘޔ‬ౝ⸶ߪ‫⵾ޔ‬ㅧᬺઍ⴫‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺઍ⴫‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ઍ⴫ฦ㧝ੱߣߐࠇߚ㧢㧢㧕‫ޕ‬ ᦨ⚳⊛ߦ 1917 ᐕ㧞᦬ 23 ᣣߦᚑ┙ߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߢߪߎߩⷙቯߪ◲⇛ൻߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ ᆔຬળߦవㅀߩ㑐ଥ㑑௥‫ޔ‬วⴐ࿖ᢎ⢒㐳ቭߦട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬਄㒮ߩหᗧࠍ⚻ߡᄢ⛔㗔߇છ๮ߔࠆ 㧟ੱߩวⴐ࿖Ꮢ᳃߇฽߹ࠇࠆߎߣߩߺ߇ⷙቯߐࠇߚ 㧢㧣㧕‫ੱߩߘߒ߆ߒޕ‬ㆬߦᒰߚߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬ వㅀߩ 1917 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 14 ᣣߦౣឭ಴ߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺ߩ⿰ᣦ߇↢߆ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬Ԙഭ௛⠪ઍ⴫‫ޔ‬ԙ ㄘᬺઍ⴫‫ޔ‬Ԛ⵾ㅧᬺ෸߮໡ᬺઍ⴫ߩฦ㧝ฬ߇ㆬ಴ߐࠇߚ㧢㧤㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇ߹ߢߺߡ߈ߚㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩ᭴ᚑࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰߽޽ߞߡ‫ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ᩺߿ࡅࡘ ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺㧔ࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺㧕ࠍ߽ߣߦߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩᚑ┙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬1914. - 10 -.

(11) アメリカ合衆国における最初の職業教育連邦補助法（スミス・ヒューズ法）の成立過程. ᐕ㧢᦬ߩ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬ឭ಴߆ࠄ 1917 ᐕ㧞᦬ߩᦨ⚳⊛ߥᚑ┙߹ߢ‫⚂ޔ‬㧞ᐕඨ ߩᤨ㑆߇߆߆ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ వㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ㅢㆊߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬࿖ౝߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬࿅૕ߩᡰᜬࠍขࠅઃߌ‫ޔ‬ ߎߩᴺ᩺ㅢㆊߩߚ߼ߩㆇേࠍዷ㐿ߒߚ‫ߕࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦࠇߘޕ‬ᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏߇ㆃࠇߚߎߣߦߟ ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬వㅀߩㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩ᭴ᚑࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰ߩ߶߆‫ޔ‬Ԙᣢߦࠬࡒࠬ࡮࡟࡯ࡃ࡯ ᴺ߇ᚑ┙ߒߡ޿ߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ㄘ᳃ࠍઍ⴫ߣߔࠆੱ‫ޔߤߥޘ‬ᴺ᩺ߩᚑ┙ߦଐὼߣߒߡ ෻ኻߔࠆ൓ജ߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚߎߣ㧢㧥㧕߿‫ޔ‬ԙࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ࿖ౝߩ᡽ᴦᖱ൓㧔1916 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߦᄢ ⛔㗔ㆬ᜼߿ㅪ㇌⼏ળㆬ᜼߇੍ቯߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧕߇‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ክ⼏ߩㆃࠇߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚ㧣㧜㧕‫ޕ‬ ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᴫߩਛߢหᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏ࠍടㅦߒߚേ߈ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ௛߈߆ ߌࠍฃߌߚ 1915 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߩ⼏ળ෸߮ 1916 ᐕ㧝᦬ߩ⼏ળߢߩ࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦᄢ⛔㗔ߩṶ⺑ߦࠃ ࠆᴺ᩺ㅢㆊߩ⟨ଦࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧣㧝㧕‫ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ฃߌߡ 1917 ᐕ㧞᦬ 16 ᣣߦߪਔ㒮ද ⼏ળߢᅷද᩺߇ᚑ┙ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬਄㒮‫ޔ‬ਅ㒮ߢ߽ߘࠇߙࠇน᳿ߐࠇߚ㧣㧞㧕‫ޕ‬1917 ᐕ㧞᦬ 26 ᣣߦߪ‫ࡦ࠰࡞ࠖ࠙ޔ‬ᄢ⛔㗔߇ᚑ┙ߒߚᴺ᩺ߦ⟑ฬߒ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߦߎߎޔ‬ᴺߪᚑ┙ࠍ ߺߚ 㧣㧟㧕‫ޟߡߒ߁ߎޕ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ‫ޠ‬ឭ಴߆ࠄ⚂㧞ᐕඨߩᓟߦ‫࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ ࠭ᴺߪᦨ⚳⊛ߦᚑ┙ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ͂͛͘ ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ⻉ᴺ᩺ࠍಽᨆߒ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩᄌㆫㆊ⒟ߣᦨ⚳⊛ߦ ᚑ┙ߒߚࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩౝኈߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫ߣࠇߘޕ‬หᤨ ߦ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩၫⴕᆔຬળ߿ℂ੐ળߩ⼏੐㍳ࠍಽᨆߒ‫ޔ‬หදળߢߩ⼏⺰߇ᴺ᩺ߩౝኈߩᄌ ㆫߦਈ߃ߚᓇ㗀ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ߽ᗧ࿑ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ౨㗡ߢ߽ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦవⴕ⎇ⓥߢߪ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺߩ೙ቯㆊ⒟ߪ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱⚿ ᚑ߆ࠄหᴺᚑ┙߹ߢߩ৻⽾ߒߚᵹࠇߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆ௑ะ߇ᒝ߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ታ㓙ߦㅪ㇌⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᴺ᩺߿㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩℂ੐ળ‫ޔ‬ၫⴕᆔຬળߩ⼏੐㍳ࠍߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬หᴺߩ೙ቯ ㆊ⒟ߪ‫ⶄࠅߥ߆ޔ‬㔀ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩߎߣߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ㇌⵬ഥᴺ᩺ߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ 1907 ᐕ㧝᦬ 22 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠺࡯ ࡆࠬᴺ᩺ߩౝኈߣߘࠇߦኻߔࠆ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ෻ᔕࠍ⷗ߡ߽ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߩߎߕ߹ޕ‬ᴺ᩺ࠍߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ ㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ߚߩߪ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱߇⸳┙ࠍ᭴ᗐߒߡ޿ߚ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ 㑐ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߥߤ‫ߩޠ࡞࡯ࠢࠬ࡮ࠗࡂޟ‬ฬ⒓ࠍ߽ߟᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦ߅ߌࠆ ㄘᬺ‫ޔ‬ടᎿᛛⴚ‫ޔ‬ኅ᡽ᢎ⢒‫ޔ‬෸߮ㄘᬺࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߦ㒝⸳ߐࠇࠆㄘᬺ⹜㛎႐ಽ႐ߢ޽ߞ ߚ‫․ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᓽߪ‫ޔ‬1908 ᐕ㧞᦬ 27 ᣣឭ಴ߩ࠺࡯ࡆࠬᴺ᩺ߦ߽ᒁ߈⛮߇ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩߚ߼ߎࠇࠄߩᴺ᩺ߦኻߔࠆ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩᘒᐲߪᓸᅱߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬1908 ᐕ㧟᦬ 14 ᣣߩၫⴕᆔຬળߢߪ‫ޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒߳ߩㅪ㇌⵬ഥߩᔅⷐᕈߪ⹺߼ߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩౝኈߦߪ᭽ ‫ߥޘ‬ᬌ⸛ߩ૛࿾߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᗧะ߇⴫᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߘߩᓟߩᴺ᩺㧔࠺࡯ࡆࠬ࡮࠼࡝ࡃ࡯ᴺ᩺‫ࡦ࠰࡞ࠖ࠙࡮ࠫࠗࡍޔ‬ᴺ᩺㧕ߢߪ‫ోޔ‬ᣣ ೙ߩ⺖⒟ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޟޔ‬⍴ᦼ⺖⒟‫⵬ޟޠ‬⠌⺖⒟‫ߪߦࠄߐޔޠ‬ቯᤨ೙߿ᄛ㑆ߩ⺖⒟߇ㅪ㇌⵬ഥ ߩኻ⽎ߦട߃ࠄࠇࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩᗧะࠍ〯߹߃ߚ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ߞߚ‫߽ߣߎߩߎޕ‬ ޽ߞߡᴺ᩺ߦኻߔࠆหදળߩᘒᐲ߽Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥ߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ߞߚ‫ߕࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦࠇߘޕ‬ㅪ ㇌⼏ળߢߩᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏ߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮊ┙ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫߩᜰዉߩ߽ߣߢߩ‫ޟ‬ㄘᬺ᜛ᒛㇱ㐷‫ߦޠ‬ㅪ㇌⵬ഥࠍ ⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫࡯ࡃ࡯࡟࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏ߣ┹วߒߚߎߣ߽޽ߞߡ㔍⥶ߒߚ‫ޕ‬. - 11 -. 227.

(12) 228. 横尾恒隆. ߒ߆ߒ 1913 ᐕߩ਄㒮ㆬ᜼ᓟ‫࡯ࡃ࡯࡟࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩឭ᩺⠪ߩ৻ੱߢ޽ࠆࠬࡒࠬ਄㒮⼏ຬߣ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩᓎຬߚߜߣߩ㑆ߦ⚩჻දቯ߇⚿߫ࠇ‫࡯ࡃ࡯࡟࡮ࠬࡒࠬޔ‬ᴺ᩺ߩᚑ┙ߣ ᒁ߈ᦧ߃ߦ‫ޔ‬ㅪ㇌⼏ળߦ‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫ޕߚߞߥߦߣߎࠆࠇߐ┙⸳߇ޠ‬หᆔຬળႎ๔ᦠ ឭ಴ߣหߓ 1914 ᐕ㧢᦬㧝ᣣߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚࠬࡒࠬᴺ᩺߿ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺ߢߪ‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬ᴺ ᩺ߣᲧߴ‫ޔ‬Ԙㅪ㇌⵬ഥ㊄ߩ૶ㅜ‫ޔ‬ԙ⵬ഥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩᢎ⢒⺖⒟ߥߤߩὐߢ‫ޔ‬ ᦨ⚳⊛ߦᚑ┙ߔࠆࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩၮᧄ⊛ߥᨒ⚵ߺࠍ߶߷฽ࠎߛ߽ߩߣߥߞߚ‫ࠇߎޕ‬ ࠄߩᴺ᩺߇‫ޟ‬࿖ᐶ⵬ഥᆔຬળ‫⟎⸳ޠ‬એ೨ߩᴺ᩺ࠃࠅ߽‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩᗧะߦᴪߞߚ߽ߩߣ ߥߞߚߎߣ߽޽ߞߡ‫ޔ‬หදળߪᴺ᩺߳ߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥᡰᜬࠍ⴫᣿ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ઁޔ‬࿅૕㧔㧭㧲㧸‫ޔ‬วⴐ࿖໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲ‫☨ోޔ‬ኅ᡽ቇળߥߤ㧕ߦ߽ᴺ᩺ᡰᜬࠍ௛߈߆ߌ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬࿅૕ߩᡰ ᜬࠍขࠅߟߌࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߘࠇߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕߘߩᓟ߽ㅪ㇌࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ⴕ᡽ࠍ▤ロߔࠆߚ߼ߦ⸳⟎ߐࠇࠆㅪ ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߩ᭴ᚑࠍ߼ߋࠆ⺰੎ߩ߶߆‫⼏ޔ‬ળౝߩ੐ᖱ߽޽ߞߡㆃࠇࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ௛߈߆ߌࠍฃߌߚ࠙ࠖ࡞࠰ࡦᄢ⛔㗔ߩ⟨ଦࠍฃߌߡㅪ㇌⼏ળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᴺ᩺ࠍน ᳿ߔࠆߦ⥋ࠅ‫࠭࡯ࡘࡅ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߦߎߎޔ‬ᴺߪᚑ┙ߔࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩ⚻✲ࠍߺࠆߣࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩ೙ቯߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋ߆ࠄ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߢ৻⽾ߒߡㅊ ᳞ߐࠇߡታ⃻ߒߚ߽ߩߢߪᔅߕߒ߽ߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᒰೋ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐߦᴪߞߚౝ ኈߩ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚᴺ᩺ߩౝኈ߇‫ߦ޿ߛߒޔ‬หදળߥߤߩ⼏⺰ࠍ෻ᤋߒߚᒻߢୃᱜߐࠇ ߡ޿ߞߚㆊ⒟ߢ޽ࠆߣߺࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫߅ߥޕ‬หᴺ೙ቯߩ⚿ᨐ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޔ‬⡯ᬺᢎ ⢒ߪᢙ㊂⊛ߦᄢ߈ߥ⊒ዷࠍㆀߍࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߌࠇߤ߽‫ߩߎޔ‬ὐߦߟ޿ߡߪᯏળࠍᡷ߼ߡᬌ ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔ᵈ㧕㧝㧕૒‫ࠆߌ߅ߦ࠷ࠗ࠼ޡ৻⧷ᧁޘ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵ߩዷ㐿ߣ᭴ㅧ‫ޢ‬㘑㑆ᦠᚱ㧔1997 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬㧠㗁‫ޕ‬ 㧞㧕ᧄ↰↱♿‫ޡ‬ᢎ⢒ߩ⡯ᬺ⊛ᗧ⟵‫ᦠ៺╳ޢ‬ᚱ㧔2009 ᐕ㧕‫ޕ‬ 㧟㧕દ⮮৻㓶‫ޔ‬૒‫ޔ৻⧷ᧁޘ‬ၳౝ㆐ᄦ✬⪺‫ޡ‬ᣂ . ኾ㐷㜞ᩞߩ࿖㓙Ყセ‫ޢ‬ᴺᓞᢥൻ␠㧔2006. ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬㧞㨪㧟㗁‫ޕ‬ 㧠㧕Public Law No. 374, 64th Congress, "An Act to Provide for the Promotion of Vocational Education; to Provide for the Cooperation with the States in the Promotion of Such Education in Agriculture and the Trades and Industries; to Provide for the Cooperation with the States in the Preparation of Teachers of Vocational Subjects; and to Appropriate Money and Regulate Its Expenditure", Smith-Hughes Act , 1917.. ߎߩᴺᓞߩౝኈߪ‫ޔ‬᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㅪ. ㇌⵬ഥ┙ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ⵬ഥ㊄ᡰ಴ߩ᧦ઙߩᱧผ⊛ᄌㆫ࡯࡯ࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ߆ࠄ 1963 ᐕ ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᴺ߹ߢ‫ޡޠ‬ቇᩞߩᛛⴚ࡮⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߣቇᩞᄖߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒࡮⸠✵ߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߩ࿖ 㓙Ყセ⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬㧔ᐔᚑ㧡ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄✚ว⎇ⓥ㧔㧭㧕㧔ઍ⴫㧦૒‫ᧁޘ‬. ੨㧕⎇ⓥᚑ. ᨐႎ๔ᦠ㧕‫ޔ‬1994 ᐕࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 㧡㧕↰ਛ༑⟤‫ޡ‬ᛛⴚᢎ⢒ߩᒻᚑߣዷ㐿‫ޢ‬㧔ᄙ⾐಴ ‫ޔ‬1993 ᐕ㧕‫ޔ‬199 㗁‫ޕ‬ 㧢㧕⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ㆇേߩዷ㐿ߣࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺߩዷ㐿ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߩ߁ߜ‫ޔ‬વ⛔⊛ߥ⡯ᬺ ᢎ⢒ผ⎇ⓥߩ♽⼆ߦዻߔࠆ⎇ⓥߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬C. A. Bennett, History of Manual and Industrial. - 12 -.

(13) 229. アメリカ合衆国における最初の職業教育連邦補助法（スミス・ヒューズ法）の成立過程. Education 1870 to 1917,. Chas. A. Bennett Co., Inc., Peoria, Ill., 1937 , pp. 542-550; L. S.. Hawkins, C. A. Prosser, J. C. Wright, Development of Vocational Education, American Technical Society, Chicago 1951 , pp.33-122.. ߹ߚ‫ޟ‬ౣ⸃㉼ਥ⟵‫ޠ‬ᢎ⢒ผቇߩᓇ㗀ߩ߽ߣߢ಴ߐࠇߚ. ߽ߩߪᄙ޿ߌࠇߤ߽‫ޔߪߢߎߎޔ‬H. Kantor, D. Tyack ed., Work, Youth, and Schooling: Historical Perspectives on Vocationalism in American Education, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA 1982 ; D. J. Hogan, Class and Reform: School and Society in Chicago 1880-1930, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1985 ࠍ଀␜ߔࠆߦ⇐߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧣㧕Bennett, op. cit., pp. 532-550. 㧤㧕Hawkins, et.al., op. cit., pp.33-122. 㧥㧕S. J. Lloyd, An Investigation into the Development of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education and Its Role in Promoting Federal Aid to Vocational Education, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, 1979 . 10㧕᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬วⴐ࿖ߩో☨↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝දળ㧔㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡ ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐߩᒻᚑ㧙㧙⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩ▤ℂࠍ߼ߋࠆഭ૶ߩ⼏⺰ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍਛᔃ ߦ‫↥ޡޠ‬ᬺᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬35 Ꮞ╙㧞ภ㧔2005 ᐕ㧣᦬㧕‫ޕ‬ 11㧕ᧄⓂߢߪ‫ࡦ࠻ࡦࠪࡢޔ‬㧰࡮㧯ߩㅪ㇌⼏ળ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩᴺᓞ࿑ᦠ㙚㧔Law Library㧕ߦࡑࠗ ࠢࡠࡈࠖ࡞ࡓߢ଻ሽߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⻉ᴺ᩺ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ‫߅ߥޕ‬ಽᨆኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᴺ᩺ߩㆬቯߦᒰߚ ߞߡߪ‫ޔ‬Hawkins, et.al., op. cit, pp. 394-396 ߩᴺ᩺ߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ 12㧕ߎࠇࠄߩ⾗ᢱߪ‫ޔ‬㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߩᓟりߢ޽ࠆ‫࡮ࠕ࡝ࡖࠠޟ‬ኾ㐷ᢎ⢒දળ‫ޠ‬ 㧔Association for Career and Technical Education㧔㧭㧯㨀㧱㧕‫ࠕ࠾ࠫ࡯ࡃޔ‬Ꮊࠕ࡟ࠠࠨࡦ࠼࡝ࠕ㧕ߦᚲ⬿ߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 13㧕᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬วⴐ࿖ߩో☨↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝දળ㧔㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡ ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐߩᒻᚑ‫ޔޠ‬೨ឝ⺰ᢥ‫߅ߥޕ‬ᒰᤨߩᾫ✵ഭ௛⠪㙃ᚑࠍ߼ߋࠆഭ૶ߩኻ᛫ 㑐ଥࠍ߼ߋࠆᢥ₂ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬P. H.. Douglas,. American. Education, Columbia University, New York, 1921 , ᧁਅ. Apprenrticeship. and. Industrial. 㗅‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޡ‬ᛛ⢻㙃ᚑߣഭ⾗㑐. ଥ‫ᦠࠔࡧ࡞ࡀࡒޢ‬ᚱ㧔2000 ᐕ㧕ࠍ᜼ߍࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 14㧕↰ਛ༑⟤‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬207 㨪 221 㗁‫ޕ‬ 15㧕᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬วⴐ࿖ߩో☨↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝දળ㧔㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡ ߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐߩᒻᚑ‫ޔޠ‬೨ឝ⺰ᢥ‫ޔ‬12 㨪 15 㗁‫ޕ‬ 16㧕╙৻ᰴࡕ࡝࡞ᴺએ㒠ߩ࿯࿾ઃਈᴺߩዷ㐿ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Hawkins, et.al., op. cit., pp.75-79 ߦ⹦ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ 17㧕59th Congress, 2d Session, "H. R. 24757", in the House of Representatives, January 22,1907. 18㧕ᚻᎿࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߥߤߩᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᜕Ⓜ‫ޟ‬1900 㨪 10 ᐕઍߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆਛ╬ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ߩᚑ┙‫ޡޠ‬ጤᚻᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇ ㇱ⎇ⓥᐕႎ‫ ╙ޢ‬58 Ꮞ╙㧝ภ㧔1998 ᐕ 10 ᦬㧕ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 19㧕60th Congress, 1st Session, "H. R. 18204", in the House of Representatives, February 27, 1908. 20㧕ߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬วⴐ࿖ߩో☨↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝දળ㧔㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧕ߦ ߅ߌࠆ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐߩᒻᚑ‫ޠ‬೨ឝ⺰ᢥࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 21㧕"Minutes of the Executive Committee", the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial. - 13 -.

(14) 230. 横尾恒隆. Education, એਅ NSPIE-EC ߣ⇛ߔ , March 14, 1908, pp.9-10. 22㧕1909 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 17 ᣣߩℂ੐ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚ‫↥ޟ‬ᬺ⸠✵ߣ᥉ㅢᢎ⢒೙ᐲߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡ ᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ߩචੱᆔຬળ‫ߩޠ‬ႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᚻᎿࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞߿ᛛⴚࡂࠗ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߦ ߟ޿ߡุቯ⊛ߥ⷗⸃߇ㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ㧔"Minutes of the Board of Managers", the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education, એਅ NSPIE-BM ߣ⇛ߔ , December 17, 1909, pp.9-10, pp.11-12.㧕 23㧕㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱ߦ߅ߌࠆ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߩౕ૕௝ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬ วⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐߩᒻᚑ㧙㧙ో☨↥ᬺᢎ⢒ᝄ⥝දળ㧔㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱㧕ߩᵴേࠍਛᔃߦ‫↥ޡޠ‬ᬺᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬26 Ꮞ╙㧝ภ㧔1996 ᐕ㧝᦬㧕ࠍෳᾖߐࠇ ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 24㧕NSPIE-BM, December 14, 1908, op. cit., p.12. 25㧕60th Congress, 2d Session, "H. R. 18204", in the House of Representatives, January 20, 1909. 26㧕61st Congress, 2d Session, "S. 4675", in the Senate of the United States, January 5, 1910. 27㧕61st Congress, 2d Session, "H. R. 20374", in the House of Representatives, February 8, 1910. 28㧕61st Congress, 2d Session, "S.8809ާReport No.902ި", in the Senate of the United States, June 22, 1910. 29㧕62d Congress, 1st Session, "S.3", in the Senate of the United States, April 6, 1911. 30㧕ࠤ࡞࠮ࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗ࠽࡯ߩ⸰☨ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬E. A. Krug, The Shaping of American High School 1880-1920, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis, 1964 , p.235 ߦ߅޿ߡ⸒ ෸ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦࠞ࡝ࡔࠕ߅ߥޕ‬ᓐߩ৻ㅪߩ⻠Ṷߩ߁ߜ‫⵬ޔ‬⠌ቇᩞߩℂᔨ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆ ߽ߩߪ‫ޔ‬G. Kerschensteiner, Three Lectures on Vocational Training, The Commercial Club of Chicago, Chicago, 1911 ߦ෼㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 31㧕ቯᤨ೙⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᯏ㑐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ㧺㧿㧼㧵㧱╙㧠ᄢળߩ⼏⺰ߪ‫ޔ‬W. B. Hunter, "The Fitchberg Plan", in. Proceedings, Fourth Annual Convention, Boston, Massachusetts, NSPIE Bulletin,. no.13, 1911 , pp.93-108; F. B. Dyer, "Industrial Education in Cincinnati", in ibid., pp. 123-128; C. A. Prosser, D. Snedden, "Summation", in ibid., pp.143-144 ߦߺࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 32㧕NSPIE-EC, June 15, 1911, p.140. 33㧕 "S.8809ާReport No.902ި", June 22, 1910, op. cit. 34㧕Hawkins, et. al., op. cit., p.80, Lloyd, op. cit., pp. 135-136. 35㧕62d Congress, 1st Session, "S.3", in the Senate of the United States, April 6, 1911. 36㧕62d Congress, 2d Session, "H. R. 6333", in the House of Representatives, April 20, 1911. 37㧕NSPIE-EC, January 20, 1911, pp.113-114. 38㧕D. Snedden, "Report of Committee on National Legislation", Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting, NSPIE Bulletin, no.15, 1912 , pp.126-134. 39㧕62d Congress, 2d Session "S.3ާNo. 405ި", in the Senate of the United States, February 26, 1912. 40㧕62d Congress, 2d Session, "H. R.21490", in the House of Representatives, March 7, 1912. 41㧕⡯ᬺ੍஻ᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫↰ޔ‬ਛ༑⟤‫ޔ‬೨ឝᦠ‫ޔ‬218 㨪 236 㗁ࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 42㧕62d Congress, 2d Session, "H. R.23581", in the House of Representatives, April 20, 1912. 43㧕ߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬᜕Ⓜ‫ࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޟ‬วⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᢎ⢒ߣߒߡߩ⡯ᬺᢎ⢒೙ᐲ᭴ᗐ. - 14 -.

(15) アメリカ合衆国における最初の職業教育連邦補助法（スミス・ヒューズ法）の成立過程. ߩᒻᚑ‫ޠ‬೨ឝ⺰ᢥࠍෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ 44㧕"Annual Report of the Secretary of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education for the Period from April 1st, 1912 to April 1st, 1913", n.d.,㧔ࡃ࡯ࠫ࠾ࠕᎺࠕ࡟ࠠࠨ ࡦ࠼࡝ࠕߩ㧭㧯㨀㧱ᚲ⬿㧕‫ޕ‬ 45㧕Ibid., pp. 164-165. 46㧕62d Congress, 2d Session, "H. R. 18160", in the House of Representatives, January 17, 1912; 62d Congress, 2d Session, "H. R. 22871", in the House of Representatives, April 4, 1912; 62d Congress, 2d Session, "H. R. 22871", in the House of Representatives, 㧔Passed the House of Representatives, August 23, 1912 ; 62d Congress, 3d Session, "H. R. 22871", Passed the Senate with an Amendment, January 29, 1913 . 47㧕Hawkins, et. al., op. cit., p. 81. 48㧕Vocational Education: Report of the Commission on National Aid to Vocational Education, 63rd Congress 2nd Session, House of Representatives Document, no.1004, Vol.1, 1914 , Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 49㧕63d Congress, 2d Session, "S. 5706", in the Senate of the United States, June 1, 1914. 50㧕63d Congress, 2d Session, "H.R. 16952", in the House of Representatives, June 1, 1914. 51㧕NSPIE-EC, March 4, 1916, p.3; NSPIE-EC, May 13, 1916, ߦߟߌࠄࠇߚ"Business Men Endorse Federal Aid for Trade Schools"ߣ޿߁࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߩႎ๔ᦠ㧔Ibid., p.1.㧕‫࡮ࠬࡒࠬ߅ߥޕ‬ ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ᩺ߩㅢㆊߩߚ߼ߩㆇേߦో☨໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲ߇ᨐߚߒߚᓎഀߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬Hawkins, et. al., op. cit. p.118 ߦ⚫੺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 52㧕NSPIE-EC, September 15, 1915, p.6; NSPIE-EC, October 16, 1915, p.3; NSPIE-EC, December 4, 1915, p.4; NSPIE-EC, May 13, 1916, op. cit. p.3. 53㧕Ibid., p.4. 54㧕ࠬࡒࠬ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯࠭ᴺ೙ቯㆇേߣో☨ኅ᡽ቇળߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫⏷ޔ‬ፒዏሶ‫ࡔࠕޡ‬ ࡝ࠞਛ╬ቇᩞߦ߅ߌࠆࡎ࡯ࡓ࡮ࠛࠦࡁࡒ࠶ࠢࠬᢎ⢒ߩᚑ┙ㆊ⒟ߩ⎇ⓥ‫ޢ‬㧔㘑㑆ᦠᚱ㧕‫ޔ‬2000 ᐕ‫ޔ‬232 㨪 263 㗁‫ޔ‬෸߮ NSPIE-EC, op. cit., March 4, 1916, p.5 ߦ⹦ߒ޿‫ޕ‬ 55㧕"S. 5706" June 1, 1914, op. cit.; "H. R. 16952", June 1, 1914, ,op. cit. 56㧕 64th Congress, 1st Session, "H. R. 457", in the House of Representatives, December 6, 1915. 57㧕64th Congress, 1st Session, "S. 703", in the Senate of the United States, December 7, 1915. 58㧕64th Congress, 1st Session, "S. 703ާReport No. 97ި", in the Senate of the United States, January 31, 1916. 59㧕Lloyd, op. cit., pp.204-205; NSPIE-EC, March 4, 1916, op. cit., p.3. 60㧕64th Congress, 1st Session, "H. R. 11250", in the House of Representatives, February 10, 1916. 61㧕64th Congress, 1st Session, "H. R. 16971", in the House of Representatives, July 13, 1916. 62㧕64th Congress, 1st Session, "S. 703", in the Senate of the United States, July 19, 1916. 63㧕64th Congress, 1st Session, "S. 703", in the House of Representatives, August 25, 1916, Referred to Committee on Education. 64㧕NSPIE-EC, September 9, 1916, p.3. 65㧕64th Congress, 2d Session, "S. 703", in the Senate of the United States, February 14, 1917.. - 15 -. 231.

(16) 232. 横尾恒隆. ߎߩᴺ᩺ߪ‫ ࠎߚߞ޿ޔ‬1916 ᐕ㧣᦬㧡ᣣߦ਄㒮ࠍㅢㆊߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ 1917 ᐕ㧝᦬㧥ᣣߦୃᱜߩ ਄‫ޔ‬ਅ㒮ߢน᳿ߐࠇߚᓟ‫ޔ‬ਔ㒮ද⼏ળߢୃᱜߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᴺ᩺ߦߪ‫ޔ‬Ԙ਄㒮ࠍ ㅢㆊߒߚᴺ᩺ߩౝኈ‫ޔ‬ԙਅ㒮ߦࠃߞߡⴕࠊࠇߚୃᱜ‫ޔ‬Ԛਔ㒮ද⼏ળߦࠃߞߡⴕࠊࠇߚୃᱜ ߩਃ⠪߇ߣ߽ߦ૬⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 66㧕Ibid. 67㧕Public Law No. 374, 64th Congress, op. cit. 68㧕Hawkins, et. al., op. cit., p. 136. ߥ߅หᦠߦࠃࠇ߫‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩㅪ㇌⡯ᬺᢎ⢒ᆔຬળߦߪ‫ޔ‬ ㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߩㄘᬺ㐳ቭ‫ޔ‬໡ോ㐳ቭ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛㐳ቭ‫ޔ‬ᢎ⢒㐳ቭߦട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ഭ௛⠪ઍ⴫ߣߒߡࠕ࡯ࠨ ࡯࡮㧱࡮ࡎ࡯࡞࠳࡯㧔Arthur E. Holder㧕‫ޔ‬ㄘᬺઍ⴫ߣߒߡ࠴ࡖ࡯࡞࠭࡮㧭࡮ࠣ࡟ࠗ࠻ࡂ࠙ ࠬ㧔Charles A. Greathouse㧕‫⵾ޔ‬ㅧᬺ࡮໡ᬺઍ⴫ߣߒߡࠫࠚ࡯ࡓ࠭࡮ࡕࡦࡠ࡯㧔James P. Monroe㧕߇છ๮ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ 69㧕NSPIE-EC, September 15,1915, op. cit., p.6. 70㧕Hawkins, et. al., op. cit., pp.85-86. 71㧕Ibid., p.87. 72㧕NSPIE-EC, March 10, 1917, p.3; Hawkins, et. al., op. cit., p.120; Lloyd, op. cit., pp.219-220. 73㧕NSPIE-EC, March 10, 1917, op. cit., p.3; Hawkins, et. al., op. cit., p.120; Lloyd, op. cit., pp. 225-226.. - 16 -.

(17)