チャノコカクモンハマキの殺虫剤抵抗性に関する研究

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Title

チャノコカクモンハマキの殺虫剤抵抗性に関する研究( 本文

_{(Fulltext) )}

Author(s)

内山, 徹

Report No.(Doctoral

Degree)

博士(農学) 乙第145号

Issue Date

2015-09-24

Type

博士論文

Version

ETD

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/53646

※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。

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䝏䝱䝜䝁䜹䜽䝰䞁䝝䝬䜻䛾ẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶ䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲㻌

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䠎䠌䠍䠑ᖺ㻌

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ᒱ 㜧 ኱ Ꮫ ኱ Ꮫ 㝔㐃 ྜ ㎰ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉ 㻌

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ෆ㻌 ᒣ㻌㻌 ᚭ㻌

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䝏䝱䝜䝁䜹䜽䝰䞁䝝䝬䜻䛾ẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶ䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲㻌

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ෆ㻌 ᒣ㻌㻌 ᚭ㻌

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┠ ḟ

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➨

1 ❶ ⥴ ゝ ··· 1

➨

2 ❶ 㟼ᒸ┴࡟࠾ࡅࡿẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢᐇែ ··· 5

➨

1 ⠇ ∾அཎᆅᇦࡢಶయ⩌ ··· 5

1㸬ᮦᩱཬࡧ᪉ἲ ··· 6

2㸬⤖ᯝ ··· 8

➨

2 ⠇ ┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌ ··· 13

1㸬ᮦᩱཬࡧ᪉ἲ ··· 13

2㸬⤖ᯝ ··· 15

➨

3 ⠇ ⪃ᐹ ··· 23

➨

3 ❶ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ཬࡧࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᢬ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ⤒㐣 ··· 27

➨

1 ⠇ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ ··· 27

1㸬ᮦᩱཬࡧ᪉ἲ ··· 28

2㸬⤖ᯝ ··· 30

➨

2 ⠇ ࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ ··· 36

1㸬ᮦᩱཬࡧ᪉ἲ ··· 36

2㸬⤖ᯝ ··· 38

➨

3 ⠇ ⪃ᐹ ··· 43

➨

4 ❶ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ཬࡧࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᢬ᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧ ··· 50

➨

1 ⠇ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣㸦ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣㸧 ··· 51

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1㸬ᮦᩱཬࡧ᪉ἲ ··· 51

2㸬⤖ ᯝ ··· 54

➨

2 ⠇ ࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣㸦ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ๣ཬࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉࣟ

࣮ࣝ๣㸧 ··· 60

1㸬ᮦᩱཬࡧ᪉ἲ ··· 60

2㸬⤖ ᯝ ··· 62

➨

3 ⠇ ⪃ᐹ ··· 74

➨

5 ❶ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ ··· 77

᦬ せ ··· 91

Summary ··· 95

ㅰ ㎡ ··· 100

ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩

··· 102

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➨

1 ❶ ⥴ ゝ

ᖖ⥳ࡢỌᖺᛶస≀࡛࠶ࡿࢳࣕࡢᐖ⹸ࡣ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ 126 ✀ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ

㸦᪥ᮏᛂ⏝ື≀᪻⹸Ꮫ఍㸪2006㸧㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞᱂ᇵ⟶⌮ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࢳࣕᅬ࡛㜵㝖ᑐ㇟࡜

࡞ࡿᐖ⹸ࡣ10 ✀⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㏻ᖖ㸪ᖺ㛫ࡢẅ⹸๣ᩓᕸࡀ」ᩘᅇ࡟ཬࡪᐖ⹸

ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀ࣑ࢻࣜࣄ࣓ࣚࢥࣂ࢖Empoasca onukii Matsuda㸦࣓࣒࢝ࢩ┠㸸ࣚࢥࣂ࢖⛉㸧㸪 ࢳࣕࣀ࢟࢖ࣟ࢔ࢨ࣑࣐࢘Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood㸦࢔ࢨ࣑࣐࢘┠㸸࢔ࢨ࣑࣐࢘⛉㸧㸪

ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda㸦ࢳࣙ࢘┠㸸ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉㸧㸪ཬࡧ

ࢳࣕࣁ࣐࢟Homona magnanima Diakonoff㸦ࢳࣙ࢘┠㸸ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉㸧➼ࡢᩘ✀࡟㝈ࡽࢀ ࡿ㸬≉࡟㸪㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪㟼ᒸ┴࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢከⓎ⏕ഴྥࡀ⥆࠸࡚ ࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢ㔜せᗘࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࢳࣕࡢ㔜せᐖ⹸࡛࠶ࡿࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡣ㸪ᗂ⹸ࡀⴥࢆࡘ࡙ࡾྜࢃࡏ࡚ᕳⴥ ࢆࡘࡃࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛ⴥࢆຍᐖࡍࡿ㸦༡ᕝ࣭ฮ㒊㸪1979㸧㸬ᮏ✀ࡣගྜᡂࡢẕⴥ࡜࡞ࡿ ᡂⴥࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ཰✭≀࡜࡞ࡿ᪂ⴥ࡟ࡶᐤ⏕ࡋ㸪ከⓎ⏕᫬࡟ࡣ᪂ⱆࡢ⏕⫱㐜ᘏࡸ཰㔞ࡢ పୗ࡞࡝ࡢ῝้࡞⿕ᐖࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ㸬ᮏ✀ࡢᐤ୺᳜≀ࡣ30 ⛉ 54 ✀௨ୖ㸦ᮏ㛫㸪1972㸹 ༡ᕝ࣭ฮ㒊㸪1979㸧࡜ࡶ 90 ✀௨ୖ㸦ᱵ㇂࣭ᒸ⏣㸪2003㸧࡜ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㣗ᛶࡣ ᴟࡵ࡚ᗈ࠸㸬ࡇࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ࣈࢻ࢘࡞࡝ࡢᯝᶞ㢮㸪࣑࢝ࣥ࡞࡝ࡢ࢝ࣥ࢟ࢶ㢮㸪࢟ࢡ࡞࡝ ࡢⰼࡁ㢮㸪࢟ࣗ࢘ࣜ࡞࡝ࡢ㔝⳯㢮ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᮏ㛫㸪1972㸹༡ᕝ࣭ฮ㒊㸪1979㸧㸪㎰ᴗୖࡢ㔜せ✀࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢศᕸࡣ㸪୺࡟ᮏᕞࡢ㛵ᮾ௨ す㸪ᅄᅜ㸪஑ᕞ㸪ᑐ㤿㸪ఀ㇋ㅖᓥ㸪ᒇஂᓥ㸪ཬࡧ⌰⌫ิᓥ㸪ᾏእ࡛ࡣ㡑ᅜ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ࡯࠿㸦Tamaki㸪1991㸹஭ୖࡽ㸪1982㸹ᱵ㇂࣭ᒸ⏣㸪2003㸧㸪ヲ⣽࡞ศᕸࡣ୙᫂ ࡔࡀ୰ᅜࢆࡣࡌࡵ࢔ࢪ࢔࡟ࡶ⏕ᜥࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Lee et al.㸪2005㸧㸬ᮏ✀ࡣ㸪㟼ᒸ┴࡟࠾࠸࡚㏻ᖖ㸪ᖺ࡟ 4 ୡ௦ࢆ⤒㐣ࡍࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᡂ⹸ࡢⓎ⏕᫬ᮇࡣ㸪4 ᭶ୖ ᪪㹼6 ᭶ୖ᪪㸪6 ᭶ୖ᪪㹼7 ᭶ୗ᪪㸪7 ᭶୰᪪㹼8 ᭶ୗ᪪㸪8 ᭶ୗ᪪㹼11 ᭶ୖ᪪࡜ࡉࢀ㸪 ఇ╀ࡏࡎ࡟ᗂ⹸ែ࡛㉺෤ࡍࡿ㸦༡ᕝ࣭ฮ㒊㸪1979㸧㸬

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㏆ᖺ㸪㟼ᒸ┴ෆࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࢳࣕ⏘ᆅ࡛࠶ࡿ∾அཎᆅᇦࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡ ࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢከⓎ⏕ഴྥࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬౛࠼ࡤ㸪㟼ᒸ┴࡛ࡣᮏ✀࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪2014 ᖺࡲ ࡛ࡢ10 ᖺ㛫࡟ィ 4 ᅇࡢⓎ⏕ணᐹὀពሗࡀⓎ௧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㟼ᒸ┴⑓ᐖ⹸㜵㝖ᡤ㸪2015㸧㸬 ⌧ᅾ㸪㟼ᒸ┴ࡢࢳࣕᅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᮏ✀ࡢ㜵㝖࡛ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖᖺ 4 ᅇࡢᗂ⹸ࡢⓎ⏕᫬ᮇ࡟ࢪ࢔ ࢩࣝࣄࢻࣛࢪࣥ⣔㸦௨ୗ㸪DAH ⣔㸧᪻⹸ᡂ㛗ไᚚ๣㸦௨ୗ㸪IGR ๣㸧ࡸࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ ⹸๣ࢆᇶᖿ๣࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᖺᩘᅇࡢẅ⹸๣㜵㝖ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 DAH ⣔ IGR ๣ࡣ⬺⓶࣍ࣝࣔࣥཷᐜయ࢔ࢦࢽࢫࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢳࣙ࢘┠ᐖ⹸࡟≉␗ⓗ࡞ẅ ⹸άᛶࢆ♧ࡍ㑅ᢥᛶẅ⹸๣࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣㸪࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪ ࢻ๣㸪ཬࡧࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ࡀୖᕷࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Dhadialla et al.㸪1998㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢪ ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࡣ➽ᑠ⬊యࡢࣜ࢔ࣀࢪࣥཷᐜయ࡟స⏝ࡋ࡚␗ᖖ࡞➽཰⦰ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇ ࡋ㸪୺࡟ࢳࣙ࢘┠࡟ẅ⹸άᛶࢆ♧ࡍ㑅ᢥᛶẅ⹸๣࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ ࢻ๣ཬࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ๣ࡀୖᕷࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Lahm et al.㸪2007㸹Tohnishi et al.㸪2005㸹Cordova et al.㸪2006㸹Ebbinghaus-Kintscher et al.㸪2006㸹ṇᮌ㸪2014㸧㸬ࡇ

ࢀࡽࡢIGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࡸࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࡣ㸪ᅵ╔ኳᩛࡢಖㆤࡀྍ⬟࡞㑅ᢥᛶẅ⹸๣࡛ ࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ṧຠᮇ㛫ࡶ㛗࠸ࡓࡵ㸦ෆᒣ㸪2012㸧㸪ࣁ࣐࢟࢞㢮ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋࡓࢳࣙ࢘ ┠ᐖ⹸ࡢ㜵㝖࡟Ḟ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ẅ⹸๣࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪DAH ⣔ IGR ๣ࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㜵㝖ຠᯝࡢపୗࡀ㸪2004 ᖺ㡭ࡼࡾ∾அཎᆅᇦࡢⲔ⏕⏘⪅࠿ࡽᣦ ᦬ࡉࢀጞࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ୍ᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬 ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛࡟㸪ẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡓᐖ⹸ࡣ㸪඲ୡ⏺࡟࠾࠸࡚586 ✀㸪᢬ᢠᛶࡀ

☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓẅ⹸๣ᩘࡣ325 ࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Sparks and Nauen㸪2015㸧㸬ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ẅ⹸

๣᢬ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡓᐖ⹸ࡣ㸪⣙50 ✀ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦὾㸪1996㸧㸬඲ୡ⏺࡛ẅ⹸

๣᢬ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡓ㎰ᴗᐖ⹸ࡣ㸪ࢼ࣑ࣁࢲࢽTetranychus urticae Koch㸦ࢲࢽ┠㸸ࣁ ࢲࢽ⛉㸧㸪ࢥࢼ࢞Plutella xylostella Linnaeus㸦ࢳࣙ࢘┠㸸ࢥࢼ࢞⛉㸧㸪ࣔࣔ࢔ࣈ࣒ࣛ

ࢩMyzus persicae (Sulzer)㸦࣓࣒࢝ࢩ┠㸸࢔ࣈ࣒ࣛࢩ⛉㸧ࡢ㡰࡟஦౛ᩘࡀከ࠸㸦Sparks

and Nauen㸪2015㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᐖ⹸࡟ࡘ࠸

(8)

࡚ࡣ㸪᢬ᢠᛶ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎ᫂➼ࡢ◊✲ࡀ⢭ຊⓗ࡟㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪 ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪୙᫂࡞Ⅼࡀከ࠸㸬

ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶపୗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㟼ᒸ┴ࡢ୍㒊ࢳࣕ⏘ᆅ࡛㸪 1986 ᖺ࡟࣮࢝ࣂ࣓࣮ࢺ๣㸦ⓑ஭ࡽ㸪1988㸧㸪1997 ᖺ࡟᭷ᶵࣜࣥ๣࡜ࣆࣞࢫࣟ࢖ࢻ๣࡟ ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗ࡜㸪࣋ࣥࢰ࢖ࣝᒀ⣲⣔㸦௨ୗ㸪BU ⣔㸧ཬࡧ DAH ⣔ IGR ๣࡟ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡶ㸪ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪1997 ᖺ௨㝆㸪DAH ⣔ࡢᚋⓎ๣ࡸ㸪ࣁ࣐࢟࢞㢮㜵㝖ࡢᇶᖿ๣࡜ࡋ࡚ᗈࡃ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢪ࢔ ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡞࡝ࡢ᪂๣ࡀୖᕷࡉࢀࡿ୰㸪ᮏ✀ࡢẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢᐇែ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࡣ ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࡢヲ⣽ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ✀࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୍㐃ࡢẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ௒᪥࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬 ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࡛࢟ࡣ㸪1980 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽḟࠎ࡜ẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶ ࡀၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ⓑ஭ࡽ㸪1988㸹ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣ᪂๣ࡢⓏሙ ࡟ࡼࡾ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ỿ㟼໬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ౑⏝ᅇᩘࡢቑຍ࡟కࡗ࡚᪂ࡓ࡞᢬ᢠᛶࡀ㢧ᅾ ໬ࡋ㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶࡇࡢᝏᚠ⎔ࡣ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௒ᚋࡣ㎰⸆ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭Ⓩ㘓࡟せࡍࡿࢥࢫࢺࡢ ቑ኱࡜㎰⸆ࡢつไᙉ໬࡟క࠸㸪᪤Ꮡ๣ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ᪂つ๣ࡢⓏ㘓ᩘࡶఙࡧᝎࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ ᐃࡉࢀ㸦㕥ᮌ㸪2012a㸹ᒣᮏ㸪2012㸧㸪ᝏᚠ⎔࡟ᢿ㌴ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᐖ⹸඲⯡࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿ㎰ᴗ⏕⏘ୖᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᝏᚠ⎔࠿ࡽ⬺༷ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ྛᐖ⹸࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶࢆヲ⣽࡟ゎ᫂ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ ࡟㸪᪤Ꮡཬࡧ᪂つẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᢬ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᢬ᢠᛶ⟶⌮㸦Comins㸪 1977㸹Taylor and Georghiou㸪1979㸹Georghiou㸪1983㸹㕥ᮌ㸪2012a㸹㕥ᮌ㸪2012b㸹ᒣ ᮏ㸪2012㸧࡟⧅ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡶồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㟼ᒸ┴࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶࡢᐇ ែࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪┴ෆྛᆅ࠿ࡽ᥇㞟ࡋࡓᮏ✀ಶయ⩌ࡢẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࢆ᳨ᐃࡋ

ࡓ㸦➨2 ❶㸧㸬ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ཬࡧࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ࡘ

(9)

࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᢬ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ⤒㐣ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸦➨ 3 ❶㸧㸪᢬ᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ

᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸦➨4 ❶㸧㸬➨ 5 ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ

࣐࢟ࡢẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶࡢ≉ᚩࢆゎᯒࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢᮏ✀ಶయ⩌ࡀᛴ㏿࠿ࡘ 」ྜⓗ࡞᢬ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿཎᅉࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ㸬

ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୺せ࡞⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ෆᒣࡽ㸦2013㸧㸪Uchiyama and Ozawa㸦2014㸧ཬࡧෆᒣ࣭ ᑠ⃝㸦2015㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

(10)

➨

2 ❶ 㟼ᒸ┴࡟࠾ࡅࡿẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢᐇែ

㏆ᖺ㸪㟼ᒸ┴∾அཎᆅᇦࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢከⓎ⏕ഴྥࡀ⥆ ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸬㟼ᒸ┴ࡢࢳࣕᅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᮏ✀ࡢ㜵㝖࡛ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖᖺ4 ᅇࡢᗂ⹸ࡢⓎ⏕᫬ᮇ࡟ DAH ⣔ IGR ๣ࡸࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࢆᇶᖿ๣࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᖺᩘᅇࡢẅ⹸๣ᩓᕸࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽẅ⹸๣ࡢ࠺ࡕDAH ⣔ IGR ๣ࡢᮏ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㜵㝖ຠᯝࡢపୗࡀ㸪 2004 ᖺ㡭ࡼࡾ∾அཎᆅᇦࡢⲔ⏕⏘⪅࠿ࡽᣦ᦬ࡉࢀጞࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ୍ᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ẅ⹸๣ឤཷ ᛶࡢపୗࡀ␲ࢃࢀࡓ㸬 ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶపୗࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ᾏእ࡛ࡣሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡞࠸㸬ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㟼ᒸ┴ࡢ୍㒊ࢳࣕ⏘ᆅ࡛㸪࣮࢝ࣂ࣓࣮ࢺ๣㸦ⓑ஭ࡽ㸪1988㸧㸪 ᭷ᶵࣜࣥ๣㸪ࣆࣞࢫࣟ࢖ࢻ๣ཬࡧBU ⣔࡜ DAH ⣔ IGR ๣㸦ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤ ཷᛶࡢపୗࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㏆ᖺ㸪DAH ⣔ࡢᚋⓎ๣ࡸࢪ࢔ ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡞࡝ᩘ✀ࡢ᪂๣ࡀୖᕷࡉࢀࡿ୰㸪ᮏ✀ࡢẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢᐇែ࡟㛵ࡍࡿヲ ⣽࡞ㄪᰝࡣ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢከⓎ⏕ഴྥࡀ≉࡟㢧ⴭ࡛㸪⏕⏘ ⌧ሙ࠿ࡽࡶDAH ⣔ IGR ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㜵㝖ຠᯝࡢపୗࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࢳ ࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2004 ᖺ㹼08 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ DAH ⣔ IGR ๣ࢆ୰ᚰ ࡟ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢᐇែࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪2009 ᖺ㹼11 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡣ㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶ య⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྠᵝ࡟ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢᐇែࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬

➨

1 ⠇ ∾அཎᆅᇦࡢಶయ⩌

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺ㹼08 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢྠ୍⟠ᡤ࠿ࡽࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌ࢆ᥇㞟ࡋ㸪ࢳࣕࡢⓏ㘓ẅ⹸๣ࡢ୰࠿ࡽᮏ✀࡟㐺⏝ࡢ࠶ࡿIGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣㸪ࢪ ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ཬࡧࡑࡢ௚ྛ✀ẅ⹸๣ࡢྜィ16 ๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡜ࡑࡢ 4 ಸᕼ㔘 ⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬

(11)

1㸬ᮦᩱཬࡧ᪉ἲ

㸦1㸧౪ヨಶయ⩌ 㟼ᒸ┴∾அཎᆅᇦࡢ⌧ᆅ᥇㞟ಶయ⩌࡜ࡋ࡚㸪2004 ᖺ㹼08 ᖺࡢẖᖺ 6 ᭶ୗ᪪࡟㸪ᓥ⏣ ᕷ‮᪥ࡢ⌧ᆅࢳࣕᅬ㸦௨ୗ㸪‮᪥⣔⤫㸧ࡼࡾ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟㞤ᡂ⹸㸦P㸧⣙ 30㹼100 㢌ࢆ᥇㞟ࡋࡓ㸬᥇༸ᚋ㸪㔝ཱྀ㸦1991㸧ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⣼௦㣫⫱ࡋࡓ㸬ẅ⹸๣ ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃ࡟ࡣ㸪ᚋ௦㸦F2 ࡲࡓࡣ F3㸧ࡢ 2㹼3 㱋ᗂ⹸ࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬ᑐ↷ಶయ⩌࡜ࡋ࡚㸪 1960 ᖺ௦࡟㎰◊ᶵᵓ㺃㔝⳯Ⲕᴗ◊✲ᡤ㔠㇂Ⲕᴗ◊✲ᣐⅬࡢࢳࣕᅬ࡛᥇㞟࣭⣼௦㣫⫱ࡉ ࢀ㸪1980 ᖺ௦࡟㟼ᒸ┴㎰ᯘᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤⲔᴗ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟ศㆡࡉࢀࡓᚋ㸪⣼௦㣫⫱ࡋ ࡓẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ⣔⤫㸦㔠㇂⣔⤫㸧ࡢ2㹼3 㱋ᗂ⹸ࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⣔⤫ࡶ㸪ேᕤ㣫 ᩱ㸦࢖ࣥࢭࢡࢱLFS㸪᪥ᮏ㎰⏘ᕤᴗ㸦ᰴ㸧〇㸧ࢆ㣵࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ㸬㸦2㸧౪ヨẅ⹸๣ ࢳࣕࡢⓏ㘓ẅ⹸๣ࡢ୰࠿ࡽࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࡟㐺⏝ࡢ࠶ࡿẅ⹸๣ 16 ✀ࢆ౪ ヨࡋࡓ㸦Table 1㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢẅ⹸๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ỉ㐨Ỉࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᕼ㔘ࡋࡓᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡜ࡑ ࡢ4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮࡢ 2 ⃰ᗘࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸬ᑐ↷ࡣ㸪↓ฎ⌮࡜ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢẅ⹸๣ྡ ࡢ⾲グ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௨ୗ㸪๣ᆺྡࡣ┬␎ࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ẅ⹸๣ࡢ⣔⤫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Insecticide

Resistance Action Committee 㸦IRAC㸧ࡢศ㢮㸦Sparks and Nauen㸪2015㸧࡟ᚑࡗࡓ㸬㸦3㸧ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃ ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃࡣ㸪ᑠᮡ㸦1998㸧ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟‽ࡌ࡚㸪㟼ᒸ┴㎰ᯘᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤⲔᴗ◊ ✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ෆࡢ㎰⸆↓ᩓᕸࢳࣕᅬ࠿ࡽ᥇㞟ࡋࡓ᪂㩭࡞ࢳࣕࡢᡂⴥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢳࣕⴥᾐₕ ἲ࡟ࡼࡾᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ࢳࣕⴥࢆᡤᐃࡢ⸆ᾮ࡟10 ⛊㛫ᾐₕࡋ࡚㢼஝ᚋ㸪ℐ⣬ࢆᩜ࠸ࡓ୸ᆺ ࢫࢳ࣮ࣟࣝ〇ᐜჾ㸦ෆᚄ78mm㸪῝ࡉ 44mm㸧࡟ 6㹼7 ᯛධࢀ㸪2㹼3 㱋ࡢ౪ヨ⹸ࢆ 10 㢌ࡎࡘᨺࡋࡓ㸬ࢳࣕⴥࡢ஝⇱ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟㏻Ẽᛶࡢ࡞࠸⵹࡛㛢ࡌ㸪ᜏ ᐊ㸦25Υ㸪 16L-8D㸧࡟㟼⨨ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࢆྛฎ⌮࡟ 3 ཯᚟ࡎࡘ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦ྜィ 30 㢌㸧㸬IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ ཬࡧࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ฎ⌮3㹼6 ᪥ᚋࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ 1 ᪥࡜ 8 ᪥ཬࡧ 10 ᪥ᚋ ࡢ3 ᅇ㸪⏕Ṛࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢẅ⹸๣ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㐜ຠ

(12)

Table 1. Sixteen insecticides used for susceptibility examination

Formulationb _%AI _Manufacturer Diacylhydrazines (DAH)

Tebufenozide F 20 Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., Japan Chromafenozide F 10 Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Japan Methoxyfenozide F 20 Dow Chemical Japan, Ltd., Japan Benzoylureas (BU)

Lufenuron E 5 Syngenta Japan K. K., Japan

Flufenoxuron E 10 BASF Japan, Ltd., Japan Diamides

Flubendiamide WDG 20 Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., Japan Chlorantraniliprole F 10 DuPont Co., Ltd., Japan

Organophosphates

Chlorpyrifos E 40 Dow Chemical Japan, Ltd., Japan Acephate W 50 Arysta LifeScience, Ltd., Japan Methidathion E 40 Syngenta Japan K. K., Japan Profenofos E 40 Syngenta Japan K. K., Japan Pyrroles

Chlorfenapyr F 10 Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., Japan Carbamates

Methomyl W 45 DuPont Co., Ltd., Japan

Spinosyns

Spinosad F 20 Dow Chemical Japan, Ltd., Japan Avermectins, Milbemycins

Emamectin benzoate E 1 Syngenta Japan K. K., Japan Pyrethroids

Bifenthrin W 2 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Japan a_{The IRAC mode of action classification (Sparks and Nauen, 2015).}

Classificationa

_Insecticides

b_{E: Emulsifiable concentrate, F: Flowable. W: Wettable powder, WDG: Water-dispersible granule.}

(13)

ⓗ࡞ẅ⹸ຠᯝࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ฎ⌮8 ᪥ᚋ࡟ࡶⱞ᝖⹸ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡞⏕Ṛࡢุᐃ ࡣㄪᰝ3 ᅇ┠ࡢฎ⌮ 10 ᪥ᚋ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᳨ᐃࢆ㛤 ጞࡋࡓ2005 ᖺ࡜ 06 ᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟⏕Ṛࡢุᐃ࡟ 10 ᪥ࢆせࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ุ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ฎ⌮7 ᪥ᚋ࡟᭱⤊ⓗ࡞⏕Ṛࡢุᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ ࡢẅ⹸๣࡛ࡣฎ⌮2 ᪥ཬࡧ 7 ᪥ᚋࡢ 2 ᅇ⏕Ṛࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡞⏕Ṛࡢุᐃࡣㄪᰝ 2 ᅇ┠ࡢฎ⌮7 ᪥ᚋ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ⱞ᝖⹸ࡣṚ⹸࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࡗࡓ㸬ྛẅ⹸๣㸪ྛ⃰ᗘ࡛ࡢ Ṛ⹸⋡ࡣAbbott㸦1925㸧࡟ࡼࡾ⿵ṇࡋࡓ㸬

2㸬⤖ᯝ

㸦1㸧IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ Table 2 ࡟㸪‮᪥⣔⤫ཬࡧ㔠㇂⣔⤫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ 5 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡜ࡑ ࡢ4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⿵ṇṚ⹸⋡㸦௨ୗ㸪Ṛ⹸⋡㸧ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸ ๣5 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡜ࡑࡢ 4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿฎ⌮ 10 ᪥ᚋࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ 100%࡜࡞ࡾឤཷᛶࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅ ࡿฎ⌮10 ᪥ᚋࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺࡢ 96.6%࠿ࡽ 2008 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 7.14%࡟኱ࡁࡃపୗࡋࡓ㸬 ‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿฎ⌮ 10 ᪥ᚋࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪 2004 ᖺࡢ 93.1%࠿ࡽ 2005 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 25.1%࡟኱ࡁࡃపୗࡋࡓ㸬‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀ ࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿฎ⌮ 10 ᪥ᚋࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺࡢ 100%࠿ࡽ 2008 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 82.1%࡟పୗࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ཬࡧࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ẚ࡭࡚ឤཷ ᛶపୗࡢ⛬ᗘࡣᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ ࡅࡿฎ⌮10 ᪥ᚋࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺࡢ 100%࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ 2008 ᖺࡣ 96.4%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬‮᪥ ⣔⤫ࡢࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿฎ⌮10 ᪥ᚋࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺࡢ100%࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ 2007 ᖺࡣ 96.0%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽ BU ⣔ࡢ 2 ๣࡛ࡣ㸪᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ឤ ཷᛶࡢపୗࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬

(14)

T ebuf enoz id e 1, 000 8 93. 1 (30) 41. 4 (30) 13. 2 (30) 33. 4 (30) 7. 14 (28) 100 (2 8) (F , 20) 10 96. 6 66. 7 19. 4 37. 1 3. 69 100 4, 000 8 79. 3 (30) 13. 8 (30) 0 (3 0) 25. 0 (30) 3. 70 (27) 100 (3 0) 10 82. 8 17. 3 0 25. 0 0 100 C hr om af enoz id e 1, 000 8 93. 1 (30) 13. 8 (30) ― e ―― 100 (3 1) (F , 10) 10 93. 1 25. 1 ―― ― 100 4, 000 8 65. 5 (30) 6. 93 (30) ―― ― 100 (3 2) 10 72. 4 14. 3 ―― ― 100 M et hoxyf enoz id e 4, 000 8 100 (3 0) 79. 3 (30) ― 96. 3 (30) 82. 1 (28) 100 (3 2) (F , 20) 10 100 88. 9 ― 96. 3 88. 5 100 16, 000 8 86. 2 (30) 27. 6 (30) 75. 9 (30) 65. 5 (30) 31. 0 (29) 100 (3 0) 10 93. 1 29. 6 75. 2 75. 8 52. 0 100 L uf enur on 2, 000 8 100 (3 0) 96. 5 (30) 93. 8 (30) 85. 7 (30) 96. 7 (30) 100 (2 8) (E , 5) 10 100 100 100 85. 7 96. 4 100 8, 000 8 93. 1 (30) 65. 5 (30) 69. 0 (30) 67. 9 (30) 64. 3 (28) 82. 5 (24) 10 96. 6 85. 7 100 82. 1 65. 6 100 Fl uf enoxur on 4, 000 8 100 (3 0) 93. 1 (30) ― 84. 1 (30) ― 100 (2 8) (E , 10) 10 100 100 ― 96. 0 ― 100 16, 000 8 75. 9 (30) 69. 0 (30) ― 62. 0 (30) ― 100 (2 9) 10 89. 7 85. 7 ― 79. 3 ― 100 a E : E m ul si fia bl e c onc en tr at e, F : F low ab le . b U ppe r num er al s a re or di na ry dos e of e ac h i ns ec tic id e. c C or re ct ed m or ta lit y by m et hod of A bbot t ( 1925) . d N um ber o f l ar vae t es ted . e No d at a. Su sc ep tib le s tr ai n (K an ay a) Co rre ct ed m ort al ity c [% ] ( N d ) T abl e 2. E ff ec ts of I G R s on A dox ophy es honm ai popul at ions c ol le ct ed f ro m te a f ie lds of S hi m ad a-Y ui in th e M aki noha ra a re a of S hi zuoka P re fe ct ur e 2006 2007 2008 In se ct ic id es (F or m ul at ion a , % A I) D ilu tio n b Da ys a ft er tr ea tm en t Sh im ad a-Y ui s tr ain 2004 2005

(15)

㸦2㸧ࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ Table 3 ࡟㸪‮᪥⣔⤫ཬࡧ㔠㇂⣔⤫࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ 2 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ ࡜ࡑࡢ4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⿵ṇṚ⹸⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ๣ཬࡧ ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡜ࡑࡢ4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿฎ⌮ 8 ᪥ཬ ࡧ10 ᪥ᚋࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ 100%࡜࡞ࡾឤཷᛶࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ ࢔࣑ࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿฎ⌮7 ᪥ᚋ㸦2005 ᖺཬࡧ 06 ᖺ㸧ࡲࡓࡣ 8 ᪥ᚋࡢ Ṛ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪2005 ᖺࡢ 86.2%࠿ࡽ 2008 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 73.5%࡟పୗࡋࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢࣇࣝ ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿฎ⌮10 ᪥ᚋࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪2007 ᖺࡢ 96.8%࠿ ࡽ2008 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 85.2%࡟పୗࡋ㸪4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྠṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪2007 ᖺࡢ 51.6%࠿ࡽ 26.2%࡟኱ࡁࡃపୗࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ๣ࡣ 2009 ᖺ࡟ࢳࣕ࡟࠾࠸ ࡚Ⓩ㘓ࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪‮᪥⣔⤫࡛ࡣ᳨ᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬㸦3㸧ࡑࡢ௚ྛ✀ẅ⹸๣ Table 4 ࡟㸪‮᪥⣔⤫ཬࡧ㔠㇂⣔⤫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ྛ✀ẅ⹸๣ 9 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ ᗘ࡜ࡑࡢ 4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⿵ṇṚ⹸⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬㔠㇂⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࡢฎ⌮ 7 ᪥ᚋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ㸪࢔ࢭࣇ࢙࣮ࢺ๣ཬࡧࢡࣟࣝࣇ࢙ࢼࣆࣝ๣ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓ7 ๣࡛ 100% ࡜࡞ࡾឤཷᛶࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࡢฎ⌮7 ᪥ᚋ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢭࣇ࢙ ࣮ࢺ๣ཬࡧࢡࣟࣝࣇ࢙ࢼࣆࣝ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 96.7%ࢆ♧ࡋឤཷᛶࡣ㧗 ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ2004 ᖺ࡜ 05 ᖺࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡀ 90%௨ୖࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢ ࡣ㸪ࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ๣㸪ࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࣀ࣍ࢫ๣㸪ࢡࣟࣝࣇ࢙ࢼࣆࣝ๣㸪࣓ࢯ࣑ࣝ๣㸪ࢫࣆ ࣀࢧࢻ๣㸪࢚࣐࣓ࢡࢳࣥᏳᜥ㤶㓟ሷ๣ཬࡧࣅࣇ࢙ࣥࢺࣜࣥ๣ࡢ 7 ๣࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ 90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪࢔ࢭࣇ࢙࣮ࢺ๣ཬࡧ࣓ࢳ ࢲࢳ࢜ࣥ๣ࡢ2 ๣࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬

(16)

Fl ube ndi am id e 2, 000 8 86. 2 e (3 0) 90. 0 e (3 0) 90. 3 (30) 73. 5 (26) 100 (3 0) (W D G , 20) 10 ― f ― 96. 8 85. 2 100 8, 000 8 10. 3 e (3 0) 86. 7 e (3 0) 45. 2 (30) 14. 8 (28) 100 (2 9) 10 ―― 51. 6 26. 2 100 C hlo ra nt ra nilip ro le 2, 000 8 ――― ― 100 (3 0) (F , 10) 10 ――― ― 100 8, 000 8 ――― ― 100 (3 0) 10 ――― ― 100 a W D G : W at er -d is pe rs ib le gr anul e, F : F low ab le . b 2000 di lu tion i s or di na ry c onc en tr at ion of each in sect ic id e. c M or ta lit y c or re ct ed us ing t he m et hod of A bbot t ( 1925) . d N um be r o f l ar va e t es te d. e Th es e d ata a re f ro m 7 d ay s a fte r tr ea tm en t. f No d at a. D ilu tio n b Da ys af te r tr ea tm en t 2005 Sh im ad a-Y ui s tr ain Co rre ct ed m ort al ity c [% ] ( N d ) T ab le 3 . E ff ect s o f d iam id e i ns ect ic id es o n A dox ophy es honm ai popul at ions c ol le ct ed f ro m te a f ie lds of S hi m ad a-Y ui in th e M aki noha ra a re a of S hi zuoka P re fe ct ur e Su scep tib le s tr ai n (K an ay a) 2006 2007 2008 In se ct ic id es (F or m ul at ion a , % A I)

(17)

Chlorpyrifos 1,000 2 100 (30) 100 (30) 100 (29) (E, 40) 7 100 100 100 4,000 2 96.4 (30) 44.4 (30) 100 (28) 7 96.3 55.6 100 Acephate 1,000 2 37.1 (28) ―e _75.6 ₍₃₀₎ (W, 50) 7 80.8 ― 96.7 4,000 2 3.57 (29) ― 6.70 (28) 7 7.40 ― 25.0 Methidathion 1,000 2 31.0 (30) ― 96.7 (30) (E, 40) 7 46.3 ― 100 4,000 2 11.8 (27) ― 49.5 (27) 7 20.4 ― 71.0 Profenofos 1,000 2 96.4 (29) ― 100 (29) (E, 40) 7 100 ― 100 4,000 2 92.6 (28) ― 96.3 (29) 7 96.2 ― 100 Chlorfenapyr 2,000 2 100 (30) 70.4 (30) 76.7 (30) (F, 10) 7 100 96.3 96.7 8,000 2 3.57 (30) 29.6 (30) 21.1 (27) 7 14.8 55.6 39.8 Methomyl 1,000 2 92.6 (30) 81.5 (30) 93.0 (27) (W, 45) 7 100 96.3 100 4,000 2 39.3 (30) 77.8 (30) 76.3 (29) 7 44.4 81.5 86.7 Spinosad 2,000 2 55.1 (30) ― 73.9 (28) (F, 20) 7 100 ― 100 8,000 2 32.1 (29) 51.9 (30) 22.8 (27) 7 100 100 100 Emamectin benzoate 2,000 2 100 (29) 100 (30) 100 (29) (E, 1) 7 100 100 100 8,000 2 100 (27) 81.5 (30) 100 (29) 7 100 100 100 Bifenthrin 1,000 2 51.9 (28) ― 100 (28) (W, 2) 7 92.3 ― 100 4,000 2 37.1 (28) ― 87.0 (31) 7 77.0 ― 100

a_{E: Emulsifiable concentrate, F: Flowable, W: Wettable powder.} b_{Upper numerals are ordinary dose of each insecticide.} c_{Corrected mortality by method of Abbott (1925).} d_{Number of larvae tested.}

e_{No data.}

Susceptible strain (Kanaya) Corrected mortalityc_{[%] (N}d₎

Table 4. Effects of various insecticides on Adoxophyes honmai populations collected from tea fields of Shimada-Yui in the Makinohara area of Shizuoka Prefecture

Insecticides (Formulationa_{, %AI)}

Dilutionb _Days after

treatment ₂₀₀₄Shimada-Yui strain ₂₀₀₅

(18)

➨

2 ⠇ ┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌

➨1 ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺ㹼08 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚㸪㟼ᒸ┴∾அཎᆅᇦࡢ‮᪥⣔⤫࡟࠾ࡅࡿẅ⹸๣ ឤཷᛶࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪2009 ᖺ㹼11 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚㸪┴ෆྛᆅ࠿ࡽࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔ ࣥࣁ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌ࢆ᥇㞟ࡋ㸪IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣㸪ࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ཬࡧࡑࡢ௚ྛ✀ẅ⹸๣ࡢ ྜィ12 ๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡜ࡑࡢ 4 ಸᕼ㔘⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬

1㸬ᮦᩱཬࡧ᪉ἲ

㸦1㸧౪ヨಶయ⩌ 㟼ᒸ┴ࡢྛࢳࣕ⏘ᆅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌧ᆅ᥇㞟ಶయ⩌࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ḟࡢ9 ⣔⤫ 16 ಶయ⩌ࢆ౪ヨࡋ ࡓ㸬2009 ᖺ㹼11 ᖺࡢ 6 ᭶࠿ࡽ 9 ᭶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚㸪㟼ᒸᕷⵇ༊ෆ∾㸦௨ୗ㸪ෆ∾⣔⤫㸬2010 ᖺࡢ1 ᅇ᥇㞟㸧㸪ᕝ᰿ᮏ⏫ᆅྡ㸦௨ୗ㸪ᆅྡ⣔⤫㸬2010 ᖺࡢ 1 ᅇ᥇㞟㸧㸪ᓥ⏣ᕷ⯪ᮌ 㸦௨ୗ㸪⯪ᮌ⣔⤫㸬2009 ᖺཬࡧ 11 ᖺࡢィ 2 ᅇ᥇㞟㸧㸪ᓥ⏣ᕷ‮᪥㸦௨ୗ㸪‮᪥⣔⤫㸬 2009 ᖺ㸪10 ᖺ㸪11 ᖺ 6 ᭶ཬࡧ 8 ᭶ࡢィ 4 ᅇ᥇㞟㸧㸪⳥ᕝᕷ಴ἑࡢ㟼ᒸ┴㎰ᯘᢏ⾡◊ ✲ᡤⲔᴗ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦௨ୗ㸪಴ἑ⣔⤫㸬2009 ᖺཬࡧ 11 ᖺࡢィ 2 ᅇ᥇㞟㸧㸪∾அཎ ᕷᕸᘬཎ㸦௨ୗ㸪ᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫㸬2009 ᖺ㸪11 ᖺ 6 ᭶ཬࡧ 8 ᭶ࡢィ 3 ᅇ᥇㞟㸧㸪᥃ᕝᕷୖ ෆ⏣㸦௨ୗ㸪ୖෆ⏣⣔⤫㸬2009 ᖺࡢ 1 ᅇ᥇㞟㸧㸪☬⏣ᕷ➟ᱵ㸦௨ୗ㸪➟ᱵ⣔⤫㸬2009 ᖺࡢ1 ᅇ᥇㞟㸧ཬࡧ὾ᯇᕷኳ❳༊ᶓᒣ㸦௨ୗ㸪ᶓᒣ⣔⤫㸬2010 ᖺࡢ 1 ᅇ᥇㞟㸧ࡢ⌧ᆅ ࢳࣕᅬࡼࡾ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟㞤ᡂ⹸㸦P㸧ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ 20 㢌௨ୖ᥇㞟ࡋࡓ㸬᥇ ༸ᚋ㸪㔝ཱྀ㸦1991㸧ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⣼௦㣫⫱ࡋࡓ㸬ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃ࡟ࡣ㸪ᚋ௦㸦F2 ࡲࡓࡣF3㸧ࡢ 2㹼3 㱋ᗂ⹸ࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬ᑐ↷ಶయ⩌࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢ 2㹼3 㱋ᗂ⹸ࢆ ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⣔⤫ࡶ㸪ேᕤ㣫ᩱ㸦࢖ࣥࢭࢡࢱ LFS㸪᪥ᮏ㎰⏘ᕤᴗ㸦ᰴ㸧〇㸧ࢆ 㣵࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ㸬㸦2㸧౪ヨẅ⹸๣ ࢳࣕࡢⓏ㘓ẅ⹸๣ࡢ୰࠿ࡽࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࡟㐺⏝ࡢ࠶ࡿẅ⹸๣ 12 ✀ࢆ౪ ヨࡋࡓ㸦Table 5㸧㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢẅ⹸๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ỉ㐨Ỉࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᕼ㔘ࡋࡓᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡜ࡑ

(19)

Table 5. Twelve insecticides used for susceptibility examination

Formulationb %AI Manufacturer Diacylhydrazines (DAH)

Tebufenozide F 20 Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., Japan Methoxyfenozide F 20 Dow Chemical Japan, Ltd., Japan Benzoylureas (BU)

Flufenoxuron E 10 BASF Japan, Ltd., Japan Diamides

Flubendiamide WDG 20 Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., Japan Chlorantraniliprole F 10 DuPont Co., Ltd., Japan

Organophosphates

Chlorpyrifos E 40 Dow Chemical Japan, Ltd., Japan Profenofos E 40 Syngenta Japan K. K., Japan Spinosyns

Spinosad F 20 Dow Chemical Japan, Ltd., Japan Spinetoram SC 11.7 Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan Avermectins, Milbemycins

Emamectin benzoate E 1 Syngenta Japan K. K., Japan Pyrethroids

Bifenthrin W 2 Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Japan a_{The IRAC mode of action classification (Sparks and Nauen, 2015).}

Classificationa

_Insecticides

b_{E: Emulsifiable concentrate, F: Flowable. SC: Suspension concentrate, W: Wettable powder,} WDG: Water-dispersible granule.

(20)

ࡢ4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮࡢ 2 ⃰ᗘࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸬ᑐ↷ࡣ㸪↓ฎ⌮࡜ࡋࡓ㸬㸦3㸧ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃ ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃࡣ㸪ᑠᮡ㸦1998㸧ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟‽ࡌࡓࢳࣕⴥᾐₕἲ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᮏ❶➨ 1 ⠇࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬

2㸬⤖ᯝ

㸦1㸧IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ Table 6 ࡟㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌ཬࡧ㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ 4 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡜ ࡑࡢ4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⿵ṇṚ⹸⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ 4 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࡢṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ100%࡜࡞ࡾឤཷᛶࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ100㹼2.90%ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪⣔⤫㛫 ࡛ឤཷᛶࡀ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㸬⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᮏ๣ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ 90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ㸦」ᩘᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ⣔⤫ࡣ᭱᪂ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ㸬௨ୗྠᵝ㸬㸧 ࡢࡣᆅྡ⣔⤫㸪⯪ᮌ⣔⤫㸪‮᪥⣔⤫㸪಴ἑ⣔⤫㸪ᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫㸪ୖෆ⏣⣔⤫ཬࡧ➟ᱵ⣔ ⤫ࡢ 7 ⣔⤫࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ᮏ๣࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦ㸦⯪ᮌ㸪‮᪥㸪಴ἑཬࡧᕸᘬཎࡀ ヱᙜ㸧ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ከࡃࡢ⣔⤫࡛ឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪」ᩘᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ ࠶ࡿ⯪ᮌ⣔⤫㸪‮᪥⣔⤫㸪಴ἑ⣔⤫ཬࡧᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ᖺḟࡢ⤒㐣࡟ᚑࡗ࡚Ṛ⹸⋡ ࡀపୗࡍࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡣ100㹼49.4%ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪⣔⤫㛫࡛ឤཷᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓࡀࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀ ࢪࢻ๣࡯࡝㢧ⴭ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓࡢࡣ⯪ᮌ⣔⤫ཬࡧ‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢ 2 ⣔⤫࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲ ࡓ㸪」ᩘᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ4 ⣔⤫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪⯪ᮌཬࡧ‮᪥⣔⤫࡛ࡣᖺḟࡢ⤒㐣࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ Ṛ⹸⋡ࡀ 10%௨ୖపୗࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪಴ἑ⣔⤫ཬࡧᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫࡛ࡣṚ⹸⋡ࡢ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ప ୗࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪DAH ⣔ࡢ 2 ๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ࡀ ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ẚ࡭࡚ከࡃࡢ⣔⤫࡛ឤཷᛶపୗࡢ⛬ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪

(21)

Corrected mortalityc [%] (Nd) Tebufenozide 1,000 93.1 (29) 85.8 (29) 42.5 (29) 17.7 (28) (F, 20) 4,000 60.2 (31) 55.4 (27) 8.80 (32) 0 (27) Methoxyfenozide 4,000 100 (30) 100 (30) 100 (31) 88.8 (29) (F, 20) 16,000 93.1 (29) 96.5 (29) 44.4 (28) 18.8 (31) Lufenuron 2,000 100 (27) 100 (32) 96.2 (25) 91.3 (26) (E, 5) 8,000 96.6 (28) 100 (28) 88.9 (27) 59.9 (24) Flufenoxuron 4,000 61.7 (26) 38.5 (30) 81.0 (27) 70.4 (28) (E, 10) 16,000 41.0 (28) 25.4 (29) 75.5 (29) _(93.3)g ₍₂₉₎ Corrected mortalityc_{[%] (N}d₎ Tebufenozide 1,000 49.6 (30) 18.4 (28) 10.5 (29) 2.90 (30) (F, 20) 4,000 8.80 (32) 4.20 (28) 3.70 (32) _―e Methoxyfenozide 4,000 71.4 (30) 72.2 (33) 76.3 (29) 49.4 (28) (F, 20) 16,000 21.4 (30) 7.70 (28) 28.2 (25) 0 (27) Lufenuron 2,000 82.0 (30) 100 (27) 89.6 (28) 92.8 (30) (E, 5) 8,000 82.0 (30) 73.2 (37) 87.6 (30) 58.9 (31) Flufenoxuron 4,000 96.0 (26) 88.9 (28) (93.3)f₍₃₀₎ _(70.5)f ₍₂₉₎ (E, 10) 16,000 81.2 (29) 88.9 (27) _(85.9)g₍₂₉₎ _(85.7)g ₍₃₁₎ Tebufenozide 1,000 65.5 (27) 53.6 (29) 14.4 (30) 26.7 (24) (F, 20) 4,000 24.0 (30) 18.0 (29) 8.70 (29) 0 (31) Methoxyfenozide 4,000 100 (29) 91.6 (27) 85.7 (29) 84.9 (27) (F, 20) 16,000 85.8 (27) 23.4 (27) 33.7 (29) 10.4 (30) Lufenuron 2,000 100 (27) 100 (26) 90.3 (33) 100 (27) (E, 5) 8,000 96.9 (31) 88.0 (25) 92.1 (28) 81.9 (29) Flufenoxuron 4,000 61.7 (27) 40.2 (29) 52.4 (27) 28.8 (25) (E, 10) 16,000 75.9 (25) 35.6 (26) 55.4 (24) _(21.2)g ₍₂₉₎ Corrected mortalityc_{[%] (N}d₎ Tebufenozide 1,000 7.30 (29) 48.8 (28) 48.5 (32) 100 (27) (F, 20) 4,000 ― 10.9 (28) 10.6 (31) 89.7 (22) Methoxyfenozide 4,000 92.7 (29) 100 (27) 100 (27) 100 (26) (F, 20) 16,000 11.3 (27) 72.9 (27) 55.4 (29) 100 (29) Lufenuron 2,000 100 (27) 100 (28) 100 (26) 100 (28) (E, 5) 8,000 81.9 (29) 100 (27) 88.2 (27) 100 (29) Flufenoxuron 4,000 20.3 (29) 58.2 (25) 51.5 (29) 36.1 (25) (E, 10) 16,000 0 (25) 20.3 (27) 71.2 (29) 17.4 (24) Kawanehoncho-Jina

strain Shimada-Funaki strain

2010 2010 2009

2009 Jun-2011 2011

Insecticides

(Formulationa_{, %AI)} Dilution

b _{Corrected mortality}c_{[%] (N}d₎ Kikugawa-Kurasawa strain Insecticides

(Formulationa_{, %AI)} Dilution b

Shizuoka-Uchimaki strain

2009 2010 Jun-2011 Aug-2011 Insecticides

Shimada-Yui strain

2009 2011

Table 6. Effects of IGRs at 10 days after treatment on Adoxophyes honmai populations collected in tea fields of various area in Shizuoka Prefecture Insecticides (Formulationa, %AI) Dilutionb Kakegawa-Kamiuchida strain Iwata-Kasaume strain Aug-2011 2009 Makinohara-Nunohikihara strain Makinohara-Nunohikihara strain Hamamatsu-Yokoyama strain 2009 2010

(22)

Table 6. continued Corrected mortalityc [%] (Nd) Tebufenozide 1,000 100 (28) (F, 20) 4,000 100 (30) Methoxyfenozide 4,000 100 (32) (F, 20) 16,000 100 (30) Lufenuron 2,000 100 (28) (E, 5) 8,000 82.5 (24) Flufenoxuron 4,000 100 (28) (E, 10) 16,000 100 (29) a

E: Emulsifiable concentrate, F: Flowable.

b_{Upper numerals are ordinary dose of each insecticide.} c_{Corrected mortality by method of Abbott (1925).} d_{Number of larvae tested.}

e_{No data.}

f_{These data based on 2,000 dilution.} g_{These data based on 8,000 dilution.} Insecticides

Susceptible strain (Kanaya)

(23)

ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ⴭࡋࡃឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ‮᪥⣔⤫ཬࡧᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫࡛ ࡣ㸪࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡀ୧⣔⤫࡛␗࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪‮᪥⣔⤫ ࡛ࡣDAH ⣔ 2 ๣࡜ࡶ࡟኱ࡁࡃឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫࡛ࡣࢸࣈࣇ ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡛ⴭࡋࡃឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉㸪࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡛ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬 ⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ100㹼82.0% ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪DAH ⣔ࡢ 2 ๣ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⣔⤫㛫࡛ឤཷᛶ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔ ⤫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᮏ๣ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ⣔⤫ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪 ‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢ2009 ᖺཬࡧ 2011 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ 90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪」ᩘᖺࡢࢹ࣮ ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ 4 ⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ᖺḟࡢ⤒㐣࡟ᚑࡗ࡚Ṛ⹸⋡ࡀపୗࡍࡿഴྥࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬 ⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ 96.0㹼 20.3%ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪⣔⤫㛫࡛ឤཷᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫ࡍ࡭࡚࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮏ๣ ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ㸬」ᩘᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ 4 ⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ᖺ ḟࡢ⤒㐣࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ᮏ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀపୗࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ㸬௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪BU ⣔ ࡢ2 ๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣ࡀࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣࡟ẚ࡭࡚ከࡃࡢ⣔⤫࡛ឤ ཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⣔ ⤫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣ࡶឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿഴྥࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬㸦2㸧ࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ Table 7 ࡟㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌ཬࡧ㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ 2 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ ᗘ࡜ࡑࡢ 4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⿵ṇṚ⹸⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ๣ཬ ࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡜ࡑࡢ 4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ100%࡜࡞ࡾឤཷᛶࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ ࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡣ100㹼15.9%ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪⣔⤫㛫࡛ឤཷᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡗ ࡓ㸬⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᮏ๣ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ㸦」ᩘᖺ ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ⣔⤫ࡣ᭱᪂ᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ㸬௨ୗྠᵝ㸬㸧ࡢࡣ⯪ᮌ⣔⤫㸪‮᪥

(24)

Flubendiamide 2,000 100 (30) 96.9 (31) 96.6 (27) 15.9 (26) (WDG, 20)f _8,000 ₁₀₀ ₍₂₇₎ _85.0 ₍₂₈₎ _53.0 ₍₂₆₎ _11.5 ₍₂₈₎ Chlorantraniliprole 2,000 100 (30) 93.1 (29) ―e _32.8 ₍₂₇₎ (F, 10) 8,000 50.2 (25) 33.1 (28) ― 30.0 (28) Flubendiamide 2,000 92.7 (30) 52.5 (31) 34.1 (27) 32.0 (30) (WDG, 20)f _8,000 _46.0 ₍₃₀₎ _15.3 ₍₂₇₎ _7.40 ₍₂₆₎ ₀ ₍₂₉₎ Chlorantraniliprole 2,000 ― 72.0 (29) 45.6 (29) 21.9 (27) (F, 10) 8,000 ― 27.1 (30) 10.4 (30) 0 (29) Flubendiamide 2,000 100 (28) 100 (26) 96.0 (29) 41.8 (25) (WDG, 20)f _8,000 _60.9 ₍₂₉₎ _38.7 ₍₂₇₎ _50.0 ₍₂₈₎ _10.0 ₍₃₀₎ Chlorantraniliprole 2,000 ― 73.1 (27) 100 (32) 63.8 (29) (F, 10) 8,000 ― 20.5 (26) 63.4 (30) 10.4 (29) Flubendiamide 2,000 34.6 (27) 100 (30) 100 (30) 100 (29) (WDG, 20)f _8,000 _10.4 ₍₂₉₎ _80.8 ₍₂₈₎ _78.8 ₍₂₇₎ _95.8 ₍₂₈₎ Chlorantraniliprole 2,000 62.3 (28) ― ― ― (F, 10) 8,000 8.80 (25) ― ― ― Flubendiamide 2,000 100 (30) (WDG, 20)f 8,000 100 (29) Chlorantraniliprole 2,000 100 (30) (F, 10) 8,000 100 (30) a_{WDG: Water-dispersible granule, F: Flowable.} b_{Upper numerals are ordinary dose of each insecticide.} c_{Corrected mortality by method of Abbott (1925).} d_{Number of larvae tested.}

e_{No data.}

Shimada-Funaki strain

2010 2010 2009 2011

Insecticides (Formulationa, %AI)

Dilutionb _{Corrected mortality}c_{[%] (N}d₎ Kikugawa-Kurasawa strain Insecticides

b _{Corrected mortality}c_{[%] (N}d₎ Shizuoka-Uchimaki strain Kawanehoncho-Jina strain Insecticides

b _{Corrected mortality}c_{[%] (N}d₎ Shimada-Yui strain 2009 2011 2009 Jun-2011 Corrected mortalityc_{[%] (N}d₎ Kakegawa-Kamiuchida strain Iwata-Kasaume strain Hamamatsu-Yokoyama strain 2009 2010 Jun-2011 Aug-2011 Table 7. Effects of diamide insecticides at 10 days after treatment on Adoxophyes honmai populations collected from tea fields of various area in Shizuoka Prefecture

Dilutionb _{Corrected mortality}c_{[%] (N}d₎

Aug-2011 2009 2009

f_{Formulation of flubendiamide in 2011 is 18% flowable because the formulation was changed. 18% flowable represents an}

equivalent dose of insecticide.

Susceptible strain (Kanaya) Makinohara-Nunohikihara strain Makinohara-Nunohikihara strain 2010 Insecticides

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⣔⤫ཬࡧᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫ࡢ 3 ⣔⤫࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚∾அཎᆅᇦ࠿ࡽ᥇㞟ࡋࡓ⣔⤫࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪」ᩘᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ⯪ᮌ⣔⤫㸪‮᪥⣔⤫㸪಴ἑ⣔⤫ཬࡧᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫ࡢ࠺ࡕṚ ஸ⋡ࡢపୗࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ಴ἑ⣔⤫ࢆ㝖ࡃ3 ⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ᖺḟࡢ⤒㐣࡟ᚑࡗ࡚Ṛ⹸⋡ ࡀపୗࡍࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ๣࡟ ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡣ100㹼21.9%ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪⣔⤫㛫࡛ឤཷᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㸬⌧ ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᮏ๣ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓࡢࡣ⯪ᮌ⣔⤫㸪 ‮᪥⣔⤫㸪಴ἑ⣔⤫ཬࡧᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫ࡢ 4 ⣔⤫࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚∾அཎᆅᇦ࠿ࡽ᥇㞟ࡋࡓ ⣔⤫࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪」ᩘᖺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ࠶ࡿ‮᪥⣔⤫ཬࡧᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ᖺḟࡢ ⤒㐣࡟ᚑࡗ࡚Ṛ⹸⋡ࡀపୗࡍࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪୧ࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢ⣔⤫࡟㝈ࡗ࡚ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ ࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ๣࡛ࡶྠᵝ ࡟ឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬㸦3㸧ࡑࡢ௚ྛ✀ẅ⹸๣ Table 8 ࡟㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌ཬࡧ㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢࡑࡢ௚ྛ✀ẅ⹸๣ 6 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ ᗘ࡜ࡑࡢ 4 ಸᕼ㔘ᾮ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⿵ṇṚ⹸⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸ ⋡ࡣ㸪౪ヨࡋࡓ6 ๣࡛࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 100%࡜࡞ࡾឤཷᛶࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫ ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ 90%௨ୖࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࣀ࣍ࢫ๣㸪ࢫ ࣆࣀࢧࢻ๣㸪ࢫࣆࢿࢺ࣒ࣛཬࡧ࢚࣐࣓ࢡࢳࣥᏳᜥ㤶㓟ሷ๣ࡢ4 ๣࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪⌧ ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ 90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ ๣࡛ࡣ‮᪥⣔⤫㸦2011 ᖺ 8 ᭶᥇㞟㸧ࡢࡳ㸪ࣅࣇ࢙ࣥࢺࣜࣥ๣࡛ࡣ⯪ᮌ⣔⤫㸪‮᪥⣔⤫㸪 ᕸᘬཎ⣔⤫ཬࡧ➟ᱵ⣔⤫ࡢ4 ⣔⤫࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࣅࣇ࢙ࣥࢺࣜࣥ ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡣ 100㹼12.0%ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪⣔⤫㛫࡛ឤཷᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡗ ࡓ㸬௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⌧ᆅ᥇㞟⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ࣅࣇ࢙ࣥࢺࣜࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡋ࡚」ᩘࡢ⣔⤫࡛ឤཷ ᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬

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Chlorpyrifos 1,000 100 (28) 100 (29) 100 (30) 96.0 (28) (E, 40) 4,000 100 (29) 100 (30) 54.0 (29) 87.6 (27) Profenofos 1,000 100 (29) 100 (30) 96.6 (30) 100 (31) (E, 40) 4,000 100 (25) 100 (30) 100 (30) 96.0 (29) Spinosad 2,000 100 (30) 100 (29) 96.6 (30) 100 (28) (F, 20) 8,000 100 (29) 100 (27) 64.0 (29) 67.8 (34) Spinetoram 2,500 _―e _― _― ₁₀₀ ₍₂₆₎ (SC, 11.7) 10,000 ― ― ― 96.4 (26) Emamectin benzoate 1,000 100 (27) 100 (31) 100 (30) 100 (30) (E, 1) 4,000 100 (32) 100 (30) 96.6 (30) 100 (31) Bifenthrin 3,000 100 (25) 100 (28) 73.9 (29) 35.2 (27) (F, 7.2) 12,000 96.9 (27) 100 (30) 24.9 (28) 11.5 (29) Chlorpyrifos 1,000 100 (29) 100 (30) 100 (27) 88.1 (28) (E, 40) 4,000 93.3 (30) 100 (29) 97.0 (29) 79.2 (26) Profenofos 1,000 100 (30) 100 (29) 100 (33) 96.0 (29) (E, 40) 4,000 100 (30) 100 (30) 95.8 (27) 96.4 (31) Spinosad 2,000 100 (27) 100 (29) 100 (29) 100 (27) (F, 20) 8,000 96.7 (30) 93.3 (30) 96.3 (28) 94.9 (23) Spinetoram 2,500 ― ― 100 (27) 100 (29) (SC, 11.7) 10,000 ― ― 72.1 (25) 100 (25) Emamectin benzoate 1,000 100 (30) 100 (30) 100 (29) 100 (29) (E, 1) 4,000 100 (30) 96.3 (29) 100 (29) 100 (28) Bifenthrin 3,000 47.3 (24) 48.1 (29) 55.7 (25) 12.0 (27) (F, 7.2) 12,000 18.5 (28) 27.1 (29) 16.2 (25) 10.6 (29) Chlorpyrifos 1,000 100 (30) 100 (29) 100 (29) 100 (27) (E, 40) 4,000 90.0 (30) 100 (28) 100 (30) 82.1 (26) Profenofos 1,000 100 (29) 100 (29) 100 (31) 100 (26) (E, 40) 4,000 100 (30) 100 (27) 100 (30) 100 (27) Spinosad 2,000 100 (30) 100 (29) 100 (32) 100 (28) (F, 20) 8,000 100 (28) 100 (29) 93.1 (28) 100 (27) Spinetoram 2,500 ― 100 (32) ― 100 (31) (SC, 11.7) 10,000 ― 100 (30) ― 100 (31) Emamectin benzoate 1,000 100 (30) 100 (27) 100 (30) 100 (27) (E, 1) 4,000 100 (29) 100 (28) 100 (29) 100 (31) Bifenthrin 3,000 93.3 (28) 96.2 (29) 34.5 (30) 100 (31) (F, 7.2) 12,000 75.9 (29) 92.6 (29) 18.1 (36) 31.3 (28)

Dilutionb _{Corrected mortality}c_{[%] (N}d₎ Shizuoka-Uchimaki strain

Kawanehoncho-Jina

strain Shimada-Funaki strain

2010 2010 2009

2011 2009 2011

2011

Kikugawa-Kurasawa strain Makinohara-Nunohikihara strain Insecticides

(Formulationa_{, %AI)}

Jun-2011 Aug-2011 Insecticides

(Formulationa_{, %AI)}

Dilutionb _{Corrected mortality}c_{[%] (N}d₎ Shimada-Yui strain

2009

Table 8. Effects of various insecticides at 7 days after treatment on Adoxophyes honmai populations collected from tea fields of various area in Shizuoka Prefecture

2009 2010

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Table 8. continued Chlorpyrifos 1,000 100 (30) 100 (30) 100 (29) 100 (29) (E, 40) 4,000 100 (30) 100 (29) 100 (29) 100 (28) Profenofos 1,000 100 (29) 100 (29) 100 (30) 100 (29) (E, 40) 4,000 100 (30) 100 (30) 100 (30) 100 (29) Spinosad 2,000 100 (30) 100 (28) 100 (31) 100 (28) (F, 20) 8,000 100 (29) 100 (28) 100 (29) 100 (27) Spinetoram 2,500 ― ― ― 100 (30) (SC, 11.7) 10,000 ― ― ― 96.3 (28) Emamectin benzoate 1,000 100 (28) 100 (30) 100 (30) 100 (29) (E, 1) 4,000 100 (30) 100 (29) 100 (29) 100 (29) Bifenthrin 3,000 100 (27) 82.1 (30) 100 (30) 100 (28) (F, 7.2) 12,000 89.6 (29) 35.1 (24) 100 (28) 100 (31) a_{E: Emulsifiable concentrate, F: Flowable, SC: Suspension concentrate.}

b_{Upper numerals are ordinary dose of each insecticide.} c_{Corrected mortality by method of Abbott (1925).} d_{Number of larvae tested.}

e_{No data.} Insecticides (Formulationa, %AI)

Susceptible strain (Kanaya) Kakegawa-Kamiuchida strain Iwata-Kasaume strain Hamamatsu-Yokoyama strain 2009 2009 2010

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➨

3 ⠇ ⪃ᐹ

➨1 ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢⲔ⏕⏘⪅࠿ࡽࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ DAH ⣔ IGR ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㜵㝖ຠᯝࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬ࢆཷࡅ࡚㸪ᮏ✀㜵㝖ࡢᇶᖿ๣࡛࠶ࡿ DAH ⣔ IGR ๣ཬࡧࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࢆྵࡴྛ✀ẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿ‮᪥⣔⤫ࡢឤཷᛶࢆ ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬DAH ⣔ IGR ๣ࡢ㜵㝖ຠᯝࡢపୗࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀጞࡵࡓࡢࡣ 2004 ᖺ㡭࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࡀ㸪ㄪᰝࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓ2004 ᖺ௨㝆㸪‮᪥⣔⤫࡛ࡣࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ཬࡧࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ㢧ⴭࡔࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢ⏕⏘⪅࠿ࡽ ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓᮏ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㜵㝖ຠᯝࡢపୗࡣ㸪DAH ⣔ IGR ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡶ ୍ᅉ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 ᮏ✀ࡢIGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲᳨࡛ᐃࡋࡓ‮᪥⣔⤫࡜ྠ୍ᆅᇦࡢಶ య⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪1997 ᖺ㹼98 ᖺ࡟ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ⤖ ᯝࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᑠᮡ㸦1999㸧ࡀࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ࡢẅ ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ᫬Ⅼࡣ㸪ᮏ๣ࡀୖᕷࡉࢀ㸪⌧ሙ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ ࠿ࡽ1㹼2 ᖺࡋ࠿⤒ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡣ 2004 ᖺ㹼11 ᖺࡲ࡛ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢸࣈ ࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ࡢ⌧ሙ࡛ࡢ౑⏝࠿ࡽ8㹼15 ᖺࡀ⤒㐣ࡋ㸪ᮏ๣ࡢῈửᅽࡀୖ᪼ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ 㜵㝖ຠᯝࡢపୗ࡟ࡼࡾ౑⏝ࡀ୰Ṇࡉࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ≧ἣୗ࡛ࡢ᳨ᐃ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪‮᪥⣔⤫࡛ࡣࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡀ2004 ᖺ௨㝆ᛴ⃭࡟ప ୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᐇែࡀ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟➨ 2 ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌ࡀࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀ ࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ឤཷᛶࢆపୗࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿᐇែࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟∾அཎᆅ ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᮏ✀ࡢẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡀㄪᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ⓑ஭ࡽ㸪1988㸹ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧ࡶ ࡢࡢ㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣឤཷᛶࡢᐇែࡀ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪┴ෆྛ ᆅࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢᐇែࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓึࡵ ࡚ࡢሗ࿌࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ྠ᫬࡟㸪ᡃࡀᅜཬࡧᾏእ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢྛᆅಶయ⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ẅ ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࢆヲ⣽࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓึࡵ࡚ࡢ஦౛࡜࡞ࡿ㸬 ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣ࡣ㸪➨1 ⠇ཬࡧ➨ 2 ⠇ࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢྛ⣔⤫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

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᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᫂☜࡞ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟ ࣥ๣࡛ࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢ⣔⤫࡛ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ᮏ✀ࡢBU ⣔ IGR ๣ ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠᮡ㸦1999㸧ࡀሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᓥ⏣ᕷࡢಶయ⩌࡛ࣇࣝࣇ࢙ ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㟼ᒸ┴ࡢࢳࣕᅬ࡛ᮏ✀࡜ ΰⓎࡍࡿࢳࣕࣁ࣐࡛࢟ࡣ㸪1990 ᖺ௦࡟ࢡࣟࣝࣇࣝ࢔ࢬࣟࣥ๣㸦BU ⣔㸧ཬࡧࣇࣝࣇ࢙ ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᡴᅵ஭ࡽ㸪1994㸧ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑ ࢀ௨ᚋ㸪ࣁ࣐࢟๣࡜ࡋ࡚BU ⣔ IGR ๣ࡢ౑⏝ࡣᩗ㐲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡀ୍ᅉ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪 ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࡛࢟ࡣࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠿ࡗࡓྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣ࡣࣁ࣐࢟࢞௨እࡢ௚ᐖ⹸ࡢ㜵㝖๣࡜ࡋ࡚ᗈ ࡃ౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵ㸪ከࡃࡢ⣔⤫࡛ᮏ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ḟ࡟㸪IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࡢ஺ᕪ᢬ᢠᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸬୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ẅ⹸๣ࡢ⣔⤫ 㸦Sparks and Nauen㸪2015㸧ࡀྠ୍ࡢሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢస⏝Ⅼࡀඹ㏻࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྠ⣔⤫ࡢẅ ⹸๣ࡣ஺ᕪ᢬ᢠᛶࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪DAH ⣔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୍ ⯡ⓗ࡟ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣㸪ࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ཬࡧ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ࡢ 3 ๣ࡢ᢬ ᢠᛶࡀ஺ᕪ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡛ឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡍࢀࡤ㸪௚ࡢ 2 ๣࡛ࡶྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪DAH ⣔ 3 ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀྠㄪࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞᫂☜࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ྠᵝ࡟ ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣ཬࡧࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡽBU ⣔ 2 ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤ ཷᛶࡢపୗࡀྠㄪࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞᫂☜࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡴࡋࢁ㸪➨2 ⠇ࡢ⤖ᯝ ࡛ࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢಶయ⩌࡛ࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ⴭࡋ࠸ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ ୍᪉㸪ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣࡛ࡣ᫂☜࡞ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪DAH ⣔3 ๣ཬࡧ BU ⣔ 2 ๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྠ⣔⤫ẅ⹸๣㛫ࡢ஺ᕪ᢬ᢠᛶࡢ᭷↓ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡣ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨3 ❶ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆཷࡅ࡚෌ᗘ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸬 ᡃࡀᅜࡢᐖ⹸࡛ࡣ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡀࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐ ࡋ࡚ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓึࡵ࡚ࡢ஦౛࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Uchiyama and Ozawa㸪2014㸧㸬

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ࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࡣ㸪ࢳࣙ࢘┠ᐖ⹸࡟༟ຠࢆ♧ࡍ㑅ᢥᛶẅ⹸๣࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓩ㘓ࡉࢀ㸪ࢳࣕ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ๣ࡀ 2008 ᖺ࠿ࡽ㸪ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ๣ࡣ 2010 ᖺ࠿ࡽ⌧ሙ࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀጞࡵࡓ㸬ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣2 ✀࡜ࡶ࡟∾அཎᆅᇦࡢ 」ᩘ⣔⤫࡛ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬‮᪥⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ๣࡛2008 ᖺ ࡟ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡀ 90%ࢆୗᅇࡾ㸪ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ๣࡛ࡣྠᵝ࡟ 2010 ᖺ࡟ 90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓ㸬୧๣࡜ࡶ࡟⌧ሙ࡛ࡢ౑⏝ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓᙜᖺ࡛᪤࡟ឤཷᛶࡢప ୗࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗ࡟ࡣ௚๣࡜ࡢ஺ ᕪ᢬ᢠᛶࡢ㛵୚ࡀ␲ࢃࢀࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᮏ✀࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶప ୗࡢཎᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨3 ❶ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆཷࡅ࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸬 ࡑࡢ௚ྛ✀ẅ⹸๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㧗࠸Ṛ⹸⋡ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࣀ࣍ࢫ๣㸪࣓ࢯ࣑ ࣝ๣㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢧࢻ๣㸪ࢫࣆࢿࢺ࣒ࣛཬࡧ࢚࣐࣓ࢡࢳࣥᏳᜥ㤶㓟ሷ๣ࡢ 5 ๣࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡇࢀࡽࡣ⏕⏘⌧ሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢ㜵㝖๣ࡢೃ⿵࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୍ ᪉㸪ᮏ✀ࡣࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ๣ཬࡧࣅࣇ࢙ࣥࢺࣜࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ឤཷᛶࢆపୗࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬 ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟㸪1986 ᖺ࡟㟼ᒸ┴ᓥ⏣ᕷ࡛࣓ࢯ࣑ࣝ๣㸦ⓑ஭ࡽ㸪1988㸧㸪1997 ᖺ࡟ྠᕷ࡛ ࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ๣࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ឤཷᛶపୗࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧㸬࣓ࢯ࣑ࣝ๣࡟ࡘ ࠸࡚∾அཎᆅᇦࡢಶయ⩌ࡢ LC50್ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㸪1986 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 742㹼805ppm㸦ฎ⌮ 2 ᪥ᚋ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ⓑ஭ࡽ㸪1988㸧ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪2004 ᖺ㹼05 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 7.72㹼35.9ppm㸦ྠ 2 ᪥ᚋ㸧ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ෆᒣࡽ㸪2013㸧ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᮏ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢᅇ᚟ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬 ྠᵝ࡟ࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ๣࡟ࡘ࠸࡚∾அཎᆅᇦࡢಶయ⩌ࡢ LC50 ್ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜㸪1997 ᖺ㹼98 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 63.4㹼148ppm㸦ฎ⌮ 2 ᪥ᚋ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪2004 ᖺ㹼05 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 7.72㹼35.9ppm㸦ྠ 2 ᪥ᚋ㸧ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦ෆᒣࡽ㸪2013㸧ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࢡࣟ ࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ๣࡛ࡶឤཷᛶࡢᅇ᚟ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬࣓ࢯ࣑ࣝ๣ཬࡧࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ๣ࡣ㸪 ྠᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡸ㸪㠀㑅ᢥᛶẅ⹸๣࡟ࡼࡿኳᩛ࡬ࡢᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ⌮⏤࡟㸪㏆ ᖺ࡛ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀឤཷᛶࡢᅇ᚟࡟㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ ࠶ࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪ᯝᶞ㢮࡟ᐤ⏕ࡍࡿࣜࣥࢦࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࡛࢟㸪1992 ᖺཬࡧ

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2002 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⯚ᒣ࣭㧗ᶫ㸪 1995㸹ᮧୖ࣭ຌย㸪2005㸧㸬⯚ᒣ࣭㧗ᶫ㸦1995㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪1992 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣜࣥ ࢦࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿLC50್ࡀ250ppm ⛬ᗘ㸦ฎ⌮ 2 ᪥ᚋ㸧 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࡛࢟ࡣ 2004 ᖺ㹼05 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡟ ࠾ࡅࡿ್ࡀ7.72㹼35.9ppm㸦ྠ 2 ᪥ᚋ㸧ࢆ♧ࡋ㸦ෆᒣࡽ㸪2013㸧㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ ࣐࢟ࡢ᪉ࡀࣜࣥࢦࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ឤཷᛶపୗࡢ⛬ᗘࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪 ᯝᶞ㢮࡛ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕ࡜ྠᵝ࡟IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࡸࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࡢⓏ㘓ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ ࠿ࡽ㸪ࣜࣥࢦࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ౑⏝ẅ⹸๣ࡢኚ໬࡟క࠺ᮏ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷ ᛶࡢᅇ᚟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿㸪⯆࿡῝࠸㸬 ➨ 2 ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢᐇែࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ ࡲ࡛ࡣ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࡳ࡛ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢㄪᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸦ⓑ஭ࡽ㸪1988㸹 ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧㸪௚ࡢ⏘ᆅ࡛ࡣ∾அཎᆅᇦࡢẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪ࣁ࣐࢟๣ࢆ 㑅ᐃࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌ࡢẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡣ㸪ᮏ✀ ࡢ㜵㝖๣ࡢ㑅ᐃ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚㸪㔜せ࡞᝟ሗ࡜ࡋ࡚ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㟼ᒸ┴ᮾ㒊ࡢᐩኈᒣ㯄ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢⓎ⏕㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ ࡟ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࢆㄪᰝ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡶࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐ ࢟ࡢⓎ⏕㔞ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⌧ሙ࠿ࡽᣦ᦬ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡶ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪௒ᚋㄪᰝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪㟼ᒸ┴ྛᆅࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ẅ ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢᐇែࢆヲ⣽࡟ㄪᰝࡋ㸪≉࡟DAH ⣔ IGR ๣ཬࡧࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍ ࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸬

(32)

➨

3 ❶ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ཬࡧࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟

ᑐࡍࡿ᢬ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ⤒㐣

➨2 ❶࡛ࡣ㸪㟼ᒸ┴ྛᆅࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࡢ ᐇែࢆヲ⣽࡟ㄪᰝࡋ㸪≉࡟DAH ⣔ IGR ๣ཬࡧࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡛ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ㢧 ⴭ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟㸪ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉ᐖ⹸࡟࠾ࡅࡿIGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ ᑐࡍࡿ᢬ᢠᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᡃࡀᅜࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟㸦ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧ཬࡧࢳࣕ ࣁ࣐࢟㸦ᡴᅵ஭ࡽ㸪1994㸹ᑠᮡ࣭ኴ⏣㸪2001㸧㸪ᾏእࡢࢥࢻࣜࣥ࢞ Cydia pomonella Linnaeus 㸦Sauphanor and Bouvier㸪1995㸹Mota-Sanchez et al.㸪2008㸹Rodríguez et al.㸪2008㸧ཬ ࡧࣁࢫ࢜ࣅࣁ࣐࢟Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris)㸦ࢳࣙ࢘┠㸸ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉㸧㸦Dunley et al.㸪2006㸧࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉ᐖ⹸ࡢࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣ ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᢬ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡣሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ᾏእ࡛ࡣ㸪ẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡞ ᐖ⹸࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿࢥࢼ࢞ࡢࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㧗ᗘ᢬ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Troczka et al.㸪2012㸹Wang and Wu㸪2012㸧㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ IGR ⣔ ẅ⹸๣ཬࡧࢪ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᢬ᢠᛶࡢሗ࿌ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᩿∦ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪」ᩘᖺ ḟ࡟Ώࡗࡓ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ẅ⹸๣᢬ᢠᛶࡢ⤒᫬ⓗ࡞Ⓨ㐩≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ឤཷᛶపୗࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓIGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ཬࡧࢪ ࢔࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⹸๣㸦➨2 ❶㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢྠ୍⟠ᡤ࠿ࡽ 2004 ᖺ㹼11 ᖺ࡟࠿ ࡅ࡚ᮏ✀ಶయ⩌ࢆẖᖺ᥇㞟ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢẅ⹸๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᢬ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ⤒㐣ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬

➨

1 ⠇ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺ㹼11 ᖺࡢ 8 ᖺ࡟Ώࡗ࡚㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢྠ୍⟠ᡤ࠿ࡽࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌ࢆẖᖺ᥇㞟ࡋ㸪IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ 5 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶࢆ LC50 ್ࡢ⟬ฟ࡟ࡼࡾㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬

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1㸬ᮦᩱཬࡧ᪉ἲ

㸦1㸧౪ヨಶయ⩌ 㟼ᒸ┴∾அཎᆅᇦࡢ⌧ᆅ᥇㞟ಶయ⩌࡜ࡋ࡚㸪2004 ᖺ㹼11 ᖺࡢ 6 ᭶࠿ࡽ 9 ᭶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚㸪 ᓥ⏣ᕷ‮᪥ࡢ⌧ᆅࢳࣕᅬ㸦௨ୗ㸪‮᪥⣔⤫㸧ࡼࡾ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟㞤ᡂ⹸㸦P㸧 ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ20 㢌௨ୖ᥇㞟ࡋࡓ㸬᥇༸ᚋ㸪㔝ཱྀ㸦1991㸧ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⣼௦㣫⫱ࡋࡓ㸬 ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃ࡟ࡣ㸪ᚋ௦㸦F2 ࡲࡓࡣ F3㸧ࡢ 2㹼3 㱋ᗂ⹸ࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬ᑐ↷ಶయ⩌ ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢ2㹼3 㱋ᗂ⹸ࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⣔⤫ࡶ㸪ேᕤ㣫ᩱ㸦࢖ࣥࢭࢡࢱ LFS㸪᪥ᮏ㎰⏘ᕤᴗ㸦ᰴ㸧〇㸧ࢆ㣵࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ㸬㸦2㸧౪ヨẅ⹸๣ ࢳࣕࡢⓏ㘓ẅ⹸๣ࡢ୰࠿ࡽࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࡟㐺⏝ࡢ࠶ࡿIGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ 5 ✀ ࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸦Table 9㸧㸬ᑐ↷ࡣ㸪↓ฎ⌮࡜ࡋࡓ㸬㸦3㸧ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃ ẅ⹸๣ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃࡣ㸪ᑠᮡ㸦1998㸧ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟‽ࡌ࡚㸪㟼ᒸ┴㎰ᯘᢏ⾡◊✲ᡤⲔᴗ◊ ✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ෆࡢ㎰⸆↓ᩓᕸࢳࣕᅬ࠿ࡽ᥇㞟ࡋࡓ᪂㩭࡞ࢳࣕࡢᡂⴥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢳࣕⴥᾐₕ ἲ࡟ࡼࡾᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸬ẅ⹸๣ࡣ㸪LC50್㸦ᡂศ⃰ᗘ㸧ࢆồࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪Ỉ㐨Ỉࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 4㹼6 ẁ㝵࡟ᕼ㔘ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ࢳࣕⴥࢆᡤᐃࡢ⸆ᾮ࡟ 10 ⛊㛫ᾐₕࡋ࡚㢼஝ᚋ㸪ℐ⣬ࢆ ᩜ࠸ࡓ୸ᆺࢫࢳ࣮ࣟࣝ〇ᐜჾ㸦ෆᚄ78mm㸪῝ࡉ 44mm㸧࡟ 6㹼7 ᯛධࢀ㸪2㹼3 㱋ࡢ౪ ヨ⹸ࢆ 10 㢌ࡎࡘᨺࡋࡓ㸬ࢳࣕⴥࡢ஝⇱ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟㏻Ẽᛶࡢ࡞࠸⵹࡛㛢ࡌ㸪ᜏ ᐊ 㸦25Υ㸪16L-8D㸧࡟㟼⨨ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࢆྛฎ⌮࡟ 3 ཯᚟ࡎࡘ⾜࠸㸦ྜィ 30 㢌㸧㸪ฎ⌮ 3 㹼6 ᪥ᚋࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ 1 ᪥࡜ 8 ᪥ཬࡧ 10 ᪥ᚋࡢ 3 ᅇ⏕Ṛࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ࡣࢳ ࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㐜ຠⓗ࡞ẅ⹸ຠᯝࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ฎ⌮ 8 ᪥ᚋ࡟ࡶⱞ᝖⹸ࡀほ ᐹࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡞⏕Ṛࡢุᐃࡣㄪᰝ3 ᅇ┠ࡢฎ⌮ 10 ᪥ᚋ࡜ࡋ㸪Ṛ⹸⋡ࡣ 10 ᪥ ᚋࡢ⏕Ṛࢆࡶ࡜࡟⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ⱞ᝖⹸ࡣṚ⹸࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࡗࡓ㸬ྛẅ⹸๣࣭ྛ⃰ᗘ࡟ ࠾ࡅࡿṚ⹸⋡ࡣ㸪Abbott㸦1925㸧࡟ࡼࡾ⿵ṇࡋࡓ㸬LC50್ࡣ㸪Polo Plus version 2.0㸦LeOra Software㸪2002㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺἲ㸦Bliss㸪1953㸧࡟ࡼࡾ⟬ฟࡋࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᚓ

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Table 9. Five IGRs used for susceptibility examination

Formulationb _%AI _Manufacturer Diacylhydrazines (DAH)

Tebufenozide F 20 Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., Japan Chromafenozide F 10 Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Japan Methoxyfenozide F 20 Dow Chemical Japan, Ltd., Japan Benzoylureas (BU)

Flufenoxuron E 10 BASF Japan, Ltd., Japan a_{The IRAC mode of action classification (Sparks and Nauen, 2015).}

Classificationa

_Insecticides

b_{E: Emulsifiable concentrate, F: Flowable. W: Wettable powder, WDG: Water-dispersible granule.}

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ࡽࢀࡓLC50್ࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪᢬ᢠᛶẚ㸦ྛLC50್㸭㔠㇂⣔⤫ࡢLC50್㸧ࢆồࡵࡓ㸬

2㸬⤖ᯝ

Table 10 ࡟㸪‮᪥⣔⤫ཬࡧ㔠㇂⣔⤫࡟࠾ࡅࡿ IGR ⣔ẅ⹸๣ 5 ✀࡟ᑐࡍࡿ LC50್ཬࡧ ᢬ᢠᛶẚࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬㔠㇂⣔⤫࡟࠾ࡅࡿLC50್ࡣ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣㸪ࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪ ࢻ๣ཬࡧ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ 0.415ppm㸦ฎ⌮ 10 ᪥ᚋ㸧㸪0.846ppm㸦ྠ 10 ᪥ᚋ㸧ཬࡧ0.180ppm㸦ྠ 8 ᪥ᚋ㸧ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣ཬࡧࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ๣ ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚0.067ppm ཬࡧ 0.072ppm ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿฎ⌮ 10 ᪥ᚋࡢ LC50್㸦௨ୗ㸪࢝ࢵࢥෆࡣ᢬ᢠᛶẚ㸧ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺ࡟ 23.9ppm㸦57.7㸧࡜࡞ࡾ㸪௨ᚋ㸪 ᖺḟࡀ⤒㐣ࡍࡿ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ᛴ⃭࡟ୖ᪼ࡋࡓ㸬2011 ᖺ 8 ᭶࡟ࡣ 1,429ppm㸦3,443㸧࡟㐩ࡋ㸪 ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ 200ppm ࢆ኱ࡁࡃୖᅇࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ๣࡛ࡣᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟ࡢ࠶ࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ ࡛᢬ᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬ࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿฎ⌮10 ᪥ᚋࡢ LC50್ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺ࡟ 10.7ppm㸦12.7㸧ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪2005 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 1,841ppm㸦2,177㸧࡟ᛴ ୖ᪼ࡋ㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ 50㹼100ppm ࢆ኱ࡁࡃୖᅇࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ๣࡛ࡣᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟 ࡢ࠶ࡿ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ᢬ᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟ᑐࡍ ࡿฎ⌮10 ᪥ᚋࡢ LC50್ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺ࡟ 1.84ppm㸦10.2㸧ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋୖ᪼ഴྥ࡜࡞ࡗ ࡓ㸬2011 ᖺ 8 ᭶࡟ࡣ 52.9ppm㸦294㸧࡟㐩ࡋ㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ 25㹼50ppm ࢆୖᅇࡗࡓ㸬ࡋࡓ ࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ๣࡛ࡣᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟ࡢ࠶ࡿ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ᢬ᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬 ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪‮᪥⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪DAH ⣔ࡢ 3 ๣ࡍ࡭࡚࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᖺࠎ᢬ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ㸪᭱⤊ ㄪᰝᖺḟ࡟ࡣᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟ࡢ࠶ࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࡇ ࢀࡽ 3 ๣ࡢ᢬ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩⛬ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ཬࡧࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ᭱⤊ㄪᰝᖺḟ࡟᢬ᢠᛶẚࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ3,443 ಸཬࡧ 2,177 ಸࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪 ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ๣࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣྠᵝ࡟᢬ᢠᛶẚࡀ294 ಸࢆ♧ࡋ㸪࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪ ࢻ๣ࡀ௚ࡢ2 ๣࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬 ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥ๣࡟ᑐࡍࡿฎ⌮10 ᪥ᚋࡢ LC50್ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺ࡟ 0.673ppm㸦10.0㸧ࢆ♧

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Shimada-Yui strain Nb _LC 50c [ppm] (95% CI) Slope _RRd _N _LC 50 [ppm] (95% CI) Slope RR Tebufenozide 8 150 33.6 2.29 34.5 150 313 1.62 321 (F, 20, 200) (25.7-42.5) (182-1632) 10 150 23.9 2.27 57.7 150 167 2.54 402 (17.4-30.7) (128-257) Chromafenozide 8 150 16.7 2.31 17.8 150 3908 0.502 4166 (F, 10, 50-100) (12.8-21.2) (153- ―) 10 150 10.7 1.71 12.7 150 1841 0.462 2177 (6.66-14.8) (110- ―) Methoxyfenozide 8 150 3.28 1.89 18.2 150 16.1 1.64 89.2 (F, 20, 25-50) (1.54-4.71) (11.8-22.9) 10 150 1.84 1.66 10.2e ₁₅₀ _8.59 _1.76 _47.7g (0.310-3.21) (5.85-12.0) Lufenuron 8 150 0.878 1.85 5.85 150 2.28 1.31 15.2 (E, 5, 16.7-25) (0.035-1.53) (1.03-3.48) 10 150 0.673 2.18 10.0 150 1.20 1.38 17.9 (0.004-1.28) (0.223-2.06) Flufenoxuron 8 150 0.920 0.984 7.36 150 2.28 1.24 18.2 (E, 10, 25) (0.000-2.66) (0.984-3.54) 10 150 0.551 1.13 7.65 150 1.12 1.36 15.6 (0.000-1.96) (0.175-1.97) Shimada-Yui strain N LC50 [ppm] (95% CI) Slope RR N LC50 [ppm] (95% CI) Slope RR Tebufenozide 8 150 524 0.931 538 117 499 0.833 513 (F, 20, 200) (257->10000) (224-5175) 10 150 282 0.797 679 117 414 0.842 997 (145->10000) (195-2983) Chromafenozide 8 ―f _― _― _― _―f _― _― _― (F, 10, 50-100) 10 ―f ― ― ― ―f ― ― ― Methoxyfenozide 8 150 9.27 2.89 51.5 117 20.7 2.15 115 (F, 20, 25-50) (7.47-11.5) (15.2-30.2) 10 150 7.60 2.38 42.2g 117 18.6 1.78 103g (5.80-9.74) (13.2-28.8) Lufenuron 8 120 2.64 2.03 17.6 117 2.39 1.76 15.9 (E, 5, 16.7-25) (1.09-3.90) (1.55-3.41) 10 120 <3.13 ― <44.6 117 0.826 1.29 12.3 (―) (0.241-1.48) Flufenoxuron 8 ―f _― _― _― _―f _― _― _― (E, 10, 25) 10 ―f ― ― ― ―f ― ― ― 2005 Days after release 2007 2006 Insecticides (Formulationa_{, %AI,} Resitration concentration [ppm]) 2004 Days after release Insecticides (Formulationa, %AI, Resitration concentration [ppm])

Table 10. Susceptibility of Adoxophyes honmai populations collected from tea fields of Shimada-Yui in the Makinohara area of Shizuoka Prefecture to IGRs between 2004 and 2011

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Table 10. continued Shimada-Yui strain N LC50 [ppm] (95% CI) Slope RR N LC50 [ppm] (95% CI) Slope RR Tebufenozide 8 113 2016 1.28 2070 150 426 1.79 437 (F, 20, 200) (616->10000) (334-597) 10 113 634 2.47 1528 150 196 2.35 472 (411-2485) (171-228) Chromafenozide 8 ―f _― _― _― _―f _― _― _― (F, 10, 50-100) 10 ―f ― ― ― ―f ― ― ― Methoxyfenozide 8 112 21.3 2.77 119 150 32.9 1.66 183 (F, 20, 25-50) (16.8-27.5) (26.9-42.4) 10 112 16.1 2.81 89.5g 150 27.0 1.78 150g (12.7-20.2) (22.6-33.3) Lufenuron 8 114 4.37 2.53 29.1 150 1.94 0.585 12.9 (E, 5, 16.7-25) (2.95-5.66) (0.617-3.38) 10 114 3.44 2.37 51.3 150 0.553 0.506 8.25 (1.97-4.66) (0.029-1.44) Flufenoxuron 8 ―f _― _― _― ₁₅₀ _0.603 _0.997 _4.82 (E, 10, 25) (0.175-1.09) 10 ―f ― ― ― 150 0.397 0.865 5.51 (0.060-0.861) Shimada-Yui strain N LC50 [ppm] (95% CI) Slope RR N LC50 [ppm] (95% CI) Slope RR Tebufenozide 8 180 977 1.50 1003 150 2834 0.983 2910 (F, 20, 200) (697-1631) (1422-14317) 10 180 475 1.98 1145 150 (733 1.75 1766)e (387-605) (586-995) Chromafenozide 8 ―f ― ― ― ―f ― ― ― (F, 10, 50-100) 10 ―f _― _― _― _―f _― _― _― Methoxyfenozide 8 180 55.1 4.31 306 150 46.2 2.09 257 (F, 20, 25-50) (50.9-60.1) (39.9-54.4) 10 180 30.8 3.49 171g ₁₅₀ _25.3 _2.59 ₁₄₁g (27.5-34.1) (22.4-28.6) Lufenuron 8 180 (3.27 1.33 21.8)h 150 9.61 1.28 64.1 (E, 5, 16.7-25) (2.55-4.13) (7.10-13.3) 10 180 3.36 1.75 50.1 150 1.43 1.57 21.3 (2.52-4.36) (1.16-1.81) Flufenoxuron 8 180 (0.512 1.05 4.10)h ₁₅₀ _4.57 _1.17 _36.6 (E, 10, 25) (0.372-0.680) (3.43-6.00) 10 180 (0.302 0.976 4.19)h 150 1.63 1.14 22.6 (0.205-0.419) (1.11-2.22) 2008 Days after release Insecticides (Formulationa_{, %AI,} Resitration concentration [ppm]) Insecticides (Formulationa, %AI, Resitration concentration [ppm]) Days after release 2010 Jun-2011 2009

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Table 10. continued Shimada-Yui strain N LC50 [ppm] (95% CI) Slope RR N LC50 [ppm] (95% CI) Slope Tebufenozide 8 150 (3500 1.34 3593)h ₁₅₀ _0.974 _1.83 (F, 20, 200) (2213-8382) (0.502-1.37) 10 150 1429 1.73 3443 150 0.415 1.74 (1103-2032) (0.061-0.742) Chromafenozide 8 ―f ― ― ― 150 0.938 3.56 (F, 10, 50-100) (0.772-1.13) 10 ―f ― ― ― 150 0.846 3.87 (0.695-1.01) Methoxyfenozide 8 150 61.6 4.49 342 150 0.180 2.67 (F, 20, 25-50) (56.3-67.8) (0.085-0.243) 10 150 52.9 4.06 294g ₁₅₀ _<0.195 _― (48.0-58.3) (―) Lufenuron 8 150 6.22 1.80 41.5 150 0.150 0.848 (E, 5, 16.7-25) (5.10-7.67) (0.072-0.279) 10 150 3.90 1.69 58.2 150 0.067 0.827 (3.16-4.83) (0.026-0.129) Flufenoxuron 8 150 (3.94 0.866 31.5)h 150 0.125 1.96 (E, 10, 25) (2.86-5.49) (0.076-0.167) 10 150 1.58 1.17 21.9 150 0.072 1.77 (1.20-2.08) (0.024-0.111)

a_{E: Emulsifiable concentrate, F: Flowable.} b_{Number of larvae tested.}

c_LC

50 values were calculated by probit analysis. d_{Resistance ratio: LC}

50 of each data point/LC50 of susceptible strain. e_{RR of methoxyfenozide on 10 days are calculated by LC}

50 of susceptible strain on 8 days. f_{No data.}

Aug-2011

Susceptible strain (Kanaya)

h_{Numerals in the parentheses are reference data, because of no significance by chi-square test (p >0.05).} g_{RR of methoxyfenozide on 10 days are calculated by LC}

50 of susceptible strain on 8 days.

Days after release Insecticides (Formulationa, %AI, Resitration concentration [ppm])

チャノコカクモンハマキの殺虫剤抵抗性に関する研究

Title