➨ 2 ⠇ ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ㸦ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻཬࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛ
R strain ܴSstrain 䗠㽢 ↓ F1 strain F1 strain ܴF1 strain ܲ㽢 ↓ F2 strainBRstrain
Rstrain 䗢㽢 ↓ F1 strain ܲ BSstrain
Sstrain 䗢㽢 ↓
Sstrain 䗢㽢 ↓ F1’ strain F1’ strain ܴF1’ strain ܲ㽢 ↓ F2’ strainBR’strain
Rstrain 䗢㽢 ↓ F1’ strain ܲ BS’strain
Sstrain 䗢㽢 ↓
R strain ܲ Fig. 7. The strains of Adoxophyeshonmaiused for crossing experiment for flubendiamideand chlorantraniliprole.
㸦4㸧ࢹ࣮ࢱゎᯒ࡛♧ࡋࡓᡭἲࡼࡾࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻཬࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉࣟ
࣮ࣝᢠᛶ㑇ఏᏊࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ༢୍ྰࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸬 㸦3㸧౪ヨẅẅឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃ
ヨ㦂ࡣ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻỈ㸦᭷ຠᡂศ 18%㸪᪥ᮏ㎰⸆㸦ᰴ㸧〇㸧ཬࡧࢡࣟ
ࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝỈ㸦᭷ຠᡂศ10%㸪ࢹ࣏ࣗࣥ㸦ᰴ㸧〇㸧ࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬ẅ
ឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃࡣ㸪ᑠᮡ㸦1998㸧ࡢ᪉ἲ‽ࡌ࡚㸪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ෆࡢ㎰⸆↓ᩓᕸࢳࣕᅬࡽ
᥇㞟ࡋࡓ᪂㩭࡞ࢳࣕࡢᡂⴥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࢳࣕⴥᾐₕἲࡼࡾᐇࡋࡓ㸬LC50್ࢆồࡵࡿࡓ
ࡵ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻࡣỈ㐨Ỉࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 250㹼640,000 ಸࡢ 6㹼8 ẁ㝵㸪ࢡࣟࣛ
ࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝࡣྠᵝ 250㹼256,000 ಸࡢ 6㹼8 ẁ㝵ᕼ㔘ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ࢳࣕ
ᡂⴥࢆᡤᐃࡢ⸆ᾮ10⛊㛫ᾐₕࡋ࡚㢼ᚋ㸪ℐ⣬ࢆᩜ࠸ࡓᆺࢫࢳ࣮ࣟࣝ〇ᐜჾ㸦ෆ
ᚄ78mm㸪῝ࡉ44mm㸧6ᯛධࢀ㸪2㹼3㱋ࡢ౪ヨࢆ10㢌ࡎࡘᨺࡋࡓ㸬ࢳࣕⴥࡢ
⇱ࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ㏻Ẽᛶࡢ࡞࠸࡛㛢ࡌ㸪ᜏ ᐊ㸦25Υ㸪16L-8D㸧㟼⨨ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࢆ
ྛฎ⌮3ࡎࡘ⾜࠸㸦ྜィ30㢌㸧㸪ฎ⌮3㹼6᪥ᚋࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ1᪥8᪥ཬࡧ10
᪥ᚋࡢ3 ᅇ⏕Ṛࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬୧ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅࡶ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟
ᑐࡋ࡚㐜ຠⓗ࡞ẅຠᯝࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ฎ⌮ 8 ᪥ᚋࡶⱞࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡞
⏕Ṛࡢุᐃࡣㄪᰝ3ᅇ┠ࡢฎ⌮10᪥ᚋࡋ㸪Ṛ⋡ࡣ10᪥ᚋࡢ⏕Ṛࢆࡶ⟬ฟࡋ ࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ⱞࡣṚࡋ࡚ᢅࡗࡓ㸬
㸦4㸧ࢹ࣮ࢱゎᯒ
ᮏ❶➨1⠇ྠᵝ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆゎᯒࡋࡓ㸬
2㸬⤖ ᯝ
㸦1㸧ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻ
1㸧RཬࡧS⣔⤫ࡢẅឤཷᛶ
Table 14㸪Rཬࡧ S⣔⤫㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆࡶ㓄ࡼࡾసฟࡋࡓྛ⣔⤫ࡢࣇࣝ࣋
ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻᑐࡍࡿẅឤཷᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬R ཬࡧ S ⣔⤫ࡢ LC50್ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ
LC50
(ppm) (95% CI)b Slope ± SE RRc nd dfe χ2
R 129 (96.7–168) 2.34 ± 0.43 39.6 135 10 6.43
S 3.26 (2.59–4.42) 2.95 ± 0.52 1.00 141 10 8.15
F1 (R × S) 32.4 (24.0–43.3) 2.68 ± 0.45 9.94 147 10 11.4
F1′ (S × R) 33.5 (24.4–41.3) 4.16 ± 0.90 10.3 139 10 8.80
F2 (F1 × F1) 10.8 (7.74–14.3) 1.87 ± 0.27 3.31 191 16 12.0
F2′ (F1' × F1') 13.3 (9.72–17.8) 1.79 ± 0.25 4.08 188 16 13.1 Backcross
BR (R × F1) 42.0 (30.0–60.0) 2.26 ± 0.24 12.9 251 22 38.3
BR′ (R × F1') 36.6 (25.1–50.9) 2.02 ± 0.26 11.2 242 22 26.4
BS (S × F1) 6.30 (4.80–8.27) 1.91 ± 0.23 1.93 220 19 11.6
BS′ (S × F1') 8.58 (5.56–11.7) 2.45 ± 0.42 2.63 224 19 21.8
a The strains used for crossing (male × female of a strain).
b Confidence interval.
c Resistance ratio: LC50 of each data point/LC50 of S strain.
d Number of larvae tested; including controls.
e Degree of freedom.
Strain (cross)a
Table 14. Susceptibility of 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Adoxophyes honmai to flubendiamide
129ppmཬࡧ3.26ppm࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬R⣔⤫ࡢLC50್ࡣᮏࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ100ppmࢆୖᅇࡾ㸪 ᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟࡞ࡿ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪R⣔⤫ࡢᢠᛶẚࡣ39.6ಸ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬Fig. 8ࡣ㸪RཬࡧS⣔⤫ࡢࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻ⃰ᗘ㸫ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡ࡢ 㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬R⣔⤫࠾ࡅࡿࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡢഴࡁࡣ 2.34㸪ྠᵝS⣔⤫ࡢഴ ࡁࡣ2.95࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Table 14㸧㸬
2㸧F1ཬࡧF1′⣔⤫ࡢẅឤཷᛶ
F1ཬࡧF1′⣔⤫ࡢLC50್ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ32.4ppmཬࡧ33.5ppmࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦Table 14㸧㸬
ࡲࡓ㸪ඹศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୧⣔⤫ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢഴࡁࡢᖹ⾜ᛶ
᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦P>0.05㸧㸦Fig. 8㸧㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟
ࡢࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣకᛶ㑇ఏ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᖖᰁⰍయᛶࡢ㑇ఏ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪F1ཬࡧF1′⣔⤫ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡣ㸪RཬࡧS⣔⤫ࡢ┤
⥺ࡢ㛫⨨ࡋࡓ㸦Fig. 8㸧㸬F1ཬࡧ F1′⣔⤫ࡢඃᛶᗘ Dࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ0.249ཬࡧ 0.267
ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪୧⣔⤫ࡶ0 < D < 1ࡢ್࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࣇࣝ
࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣඃᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
3㸧F2ཬࡧF2′⣔⤫㸪ᡠࡋ㓄ࡼࡿ4⣔⤫ࡢẅឤཷᛶ
F2ཬࡧ F2′⣔⤫ࡢ LC50್ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ10.8ppmཬࡧ13.3ppmࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࡣ
F1ཬࡧF1′⣔⤫ࡢ್ࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉࡗࡓ㸦Table 14㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪୧⣔⤫ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥ
ࢪ࣑ࢻ⃰ᗘ㸫ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡ࡢ㛵ಀࢆFig. 9♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻ⃰
ᗘ㸫ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪F1ཬࡧ F1′⣔⤫ࡢᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡽࡸࡸ S ⣔⤫ᐤࡾ
⨨ࡋࡓ㸦Fig. 9㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪25%ཬࡧ75%ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡㸦ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺ್4.3ཬࡧ 5.7㸧ࡢ⨨ࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Fig. 9㸧㸬
BRཬࡧBR′⣔⤫ࡢLC50್ࡣ㸪42.0 ppmཬࡧ36.6ppm࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Table 14㸧㸬ࣇࣝ࣋
ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻ⃰ᗘ㸫ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪R⣔⤫F1⣔⤫ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇ ᖐ┤⥺ࡢ㛫⨨ࡋࡓࡀ㸪F1′⣔⤫ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡸࡸ S ⣔⤫ᐤ
ࡾ⨨ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢵࢺࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦Fig. 10㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪50%ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡㸦ࣉࣟ
Fig. 8. Dose responses of Adoxophyes honmai R, S, F1, and F1′ strains to flubendiamide.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Probit of mortality
Flubendiamide concentration (ppm) R
S F1 F1'
F1'→ ←F1
Fig. 9. Dose responses ofAdoxophyes honmaiF2 and F2′strains to flubendiamide.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Probit of mortality
Flubendiamide concentration (ppm) F2
F2'
S→ F1'→ ←F1
5.7 ←R 4.3
Fig. 10. Dose responses ofAdoxophyes honmaibackcross strains to flubendiamide.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Probit of mortality
Flubendiamide concentration (ppm) BR
BR' BS
BS' 5.0
S→ F1'→ ←F1
←R
ࣅࢵࢺ್5.0㸧ࡢ⨨ࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Fig. 10㸧㸬BSཬࡧBS′⣔⤫ࡢ LC50್ࡣ㸪6.30ppmཬࡧ8.58ppmࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦Table 14㸧㸬ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻ⃰ᗘ㸫ࣉ
ࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪S ⣔⤫ F1ཬࡧ F1′⣔⤫ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡢ㛫
⨨ࡋࡓ㸦Fig. 10㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪50%ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡㸦ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺ್ 5.0㸧ࡢ⨨ࣉ
ࣛࢺ࣮ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Fig. 10㸧㸬
F2ཬࡧ F2′⣔⤫㸪ᡠࡋ㓄ࡼࡿ 4⣔⤫ࡢẅឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ
࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ㸪」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡾᨭ㓄ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
㸦2㸧ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ
1㸧RཬࡧS⣔⤫ࡢẅឤཷᛶ
Table 15㸪Rཬࡧ S⣔⤫㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆࡶ㓄ࡼࡾసฟࡋࡓྛ⣔⤫ࡢࢡࣟࣛ
ࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡍࡿẅឤཷᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬RཬࡧS⣔⤫ࡢLC50್ࡣ㸪ࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀ48.2ppmཬࡧ1.33ppm࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬R⣔⤫ࡢLC50್ࡣᮏࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ50ppm㏆
࠸್ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟࡞ࡿ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪R ⣔⤫ࡢᢠ ᛶẚࡣ36.2ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬Fig. 11ࡣ㸪RཬࡧS⣔⤫ࡢࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ⃰
ᗘ㸫ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬R ⣔⤫࠾ࡅࡿࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡢഴࡁࡣ 1.53㸪ྠᵝS⣔⤫ࡢഴࡁࡣ1.99࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Table 15㸧㸬
2㸧F1ཬࡧF1′⣔⤫ࡢẅឤཷᛶ
F1ཬࡧF1′⣔⤫ࡢLC50್ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ11.6ppmཬࡧ9.82ppmࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦Table 15㸧㸬
ࡲࡓ㸪ඹศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪୧⣔⤫ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢഴࡁࡢᖹ⾜ᛶ
᭷ពᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦P>0.05㸧㸦Fig. 11㸧㸬ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐
࢟ࡢࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣకᛶ㑇ఏ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᖖᰁⰍయᛶࡢ 㑇ఏ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪F1ཬࡧF1′⣔⤫ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡣ㸪R⣔⤫
S⣔⤫ࡢ┤⥺ࡢ㛫⨨ࡋࡓ㸦Fig. 11㸧㸬F1ཬࡧF1′⣔⤫ࡢඃᛶᗘ Dࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ
LC50
(ppm) (95% CI)b Slope ± SE RRc nd dfe χ2
R 48.2 (31.5–73.5) 1.53 ± 0.28 36.2 159 13 13.3
S 1.33 (0.864–1.79) 1.99 ± 0.41 1.00 146 10 8.92
F1 (R × S) 11.6 (9.12–14.7) 3.30 ± 0.45 8.72 168 13 14.4
F1′ (S × R) 9.82 (7.15–12.8) 2.82 ± 0.55 7.38 140 10 7.89
F2 (F1 × F1) 12.9 (9.80–17.1) 2.07 ± 0.24 9.70 219 19 19.4
F2′ (F1' × F1') 10.4 (8.06–13.4) 2.13 ± 0.25 7.82 225 19 16.1 Backcross
BR (R × F1) 28.2 (14.9–68.0) 1.63 ± 0.21 21.2 220 19 68.6
BR′ (R × F1') 15.9 (11.7–20.7) 2.86 ± 0.40 12.0 197 16 18.2
BS (S × F1) 4.93 3.63–6.72) 2.08 ± 0.22 3.71 255 22 29.1
BS′ (S × F1') 4.83 (3.24–6.57) 2.02 ± 0.35 3.63 230 19 12.5
a The strains used for crossing (male × female of a strain).
b Confidence interval.
c Resistance ratio: LC50 of each data point/LC50 of S strain.
d Number of larvae tested; including controls.
e Degree of freedom.
Strain (cross)a
Table 15. Susceptibility of 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Adoxophyes honmai to chlorantraniliprole
Fig. 11. Dose responses of Adoxophyes honmai R, S, F1, and F1′ strains to chlorantraniliprole.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Probit of mortality
Chlorantraniliprole concentration (ppm) R
S F1 F1'
F1→ ←F1'
0.207ཬࡧ0.114ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪୧⣔⤫ࡶ0 < D < 1ࡢ್࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡ
ࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣඃᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧ࡛
࠶ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
3㸧F2ཬࡧF2′⣔⤫㸪ᡠࡋ㓄ࡼࡿ4⣔⤫ࡢẅឤཷᛶ
F2ཬࡧF2′⣔⤫ࡢLC50್ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ12.9ppmཬࡧ10.4ppmࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦Table 15㸧㸬
ࡲࡓ㸪୧⣔⤫ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ⃰ᗘ㸫ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡ࡢ㛵ಀ
ࢆFig. 12♧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪25%ཬࡧ75%ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡㸦ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺ್4.3ཬࡧ5.7㸧
ࡢ⨨ࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬
BRཬࡧBR′⣔⤫ࡢLC50್ࡣ㸪28.2 ppmཬࡧ15.9ppm࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Table 15㸧㸬ࢡࣟࣛ
ࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ⃰ᗘ㸫ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪R⣔⤫F1ཬࡧF1′⣔⤫
ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡢ㛫⨨ࡋࡓࡀ㸪F1ཬࡧ F1′⣔⤫ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ᑐ ࡋ࡚ࡸࡸS⣔⤫ᐤࡾ⨨ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢵࢺࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦Fig. 13㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪50%ࣉࣟࣅ
ࢵࢺṚ⋡㸦ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺ್5.0㸧ࡢ⨨ࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Fig. 13㸧㸬 BSཬࡧ BS′⣔⤫ࡢLC50್ࡣ㸪4.93ppmཬࡧ4.83ppmࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦Table 15㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢡ
ࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ⃰ᗘ㸫ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪S⣔⤫F1ཬࡧF1′
⣔⤫ࡢࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡢ㛫⨨ࡋࡓࡀ㸪50%ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺṚ⋡㸦ࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺ್
5.0㸧ࡢ⨨ࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Fig. 13㸧㸬
F2ཬࡧ F2′⣔⤫㸪ᡠࡋ㓄ࡼࡿ 4⣔⤫ࡢẅឤཷᛶ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ
࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ㸪」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡾᨭ 㓄ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
Fig. 12. Dose responses ofAdoxophyes honmaiF2and F2′strains to chlorantraniliprole.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Probit of mortality
Chlorantraniliprole concentration (ppm) F2
F2'
S→ F1→ ←F1'
5.7 ←R 4.3
Fig. 13. Dose responses ofAdoxophyes honmaibackcross strains to chlorantraniliprole.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Probit of mortality
Chlorantraniliprole concentration (ppm) BR
BR' BS BS'5.0
S→ F1→ ←F1'
←R
➨ 3 ⠇ ⪃ᐹ
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ 2 ✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ
ᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡘ࠸࡚㸪R ཬࡧ S⣔⤫ࢆࡶࡋࡓ㓄ヨ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏ ᵝᘧࢆゎ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬㓄ぶࡋࡓࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ2 ✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿ
R ⣔⤫ࡣ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢ⌧ᆅࢳࣕᅬࡽ᥇㞟ࡋࡓ⣔⤫ࢆ౪ヨࡋࡓ㸬ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ
ᑐࡍࡿR⣔⤫ࡣ㸪LC50್ࡀᮏࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ200ppmࢆࡁࡃୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Table 13㸧㸬
ࡲࡓ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻᑐࡍࡿR⣔⤫࠾ࡅࡿࣉࣟࣅࢵࢺᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡢഴࡁࡣ㸪㓄
࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⣔⤫ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡶࡁࡗࡓ㸦Table 13㸪Fig. 4㹼6㸧㸬୍⯡㸪ẅ
ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩కࡗ࡚㞟ᅋෆ࡛ࡢ࣍ࣔ᥋ྜయ RR ࡀቑຍࡋ㸪⸆ᾮ⃰ᗘ㸫Ṛ⋡ᅇᖐ┤⥺
ࡢഴࡁࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࢝ࣥࢨ࣡ࣁࢲࢽTetranychus kanzawai Kishida 㸦ࢲࢽ┠㸸ࣁࢲࢽ⛉㸧ࡢẅῈửヨ㦂࡛ࡶࡇࡢࡇࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦᱓ཎ㸪1977㸧㸬 ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻᑐࡍࡿR⣔⤫ࡣ㸪㧗ᗘᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋ㸪㞟ᅋෆࡀ
࣍ࣔ᥋ྜయRR࡛⣧⣔ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪2✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍ
ࡿR⣔⤫ࡣ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻᑐࡍࡿLC50್ࡀᮏࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ100ppmࢆࡸࡸୖ
ᅇࡾ㸪ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡋ࡚ࡣྠᵝᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ50ppmࢆⱝᖸୗᅇࡗࡓ㸬
ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻᑐࡍࡿR⣔⤫࠾ࡅࡿᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡢഴࡁࡣ㸪㓄࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⣔
⤫ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ྠ⛬ᗘࡲࡓࡣᑠࡉࡃ㸦Table 14㸪Fig. 8㹼10㸧㸪ྠᵝࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜ
ࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡍࡿR⣔⤫࠾ࡅࡿᅇᖐ┤⥺ࡢഴࡁࡶྠ⛬ᗘࡲࡓࡣᑠࡉࡗࡓ㸦Table
15㸪Fig. 11㹼13㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻ࠾ࡅࡿ F2ཬࡧ F2′⣔⤫ࡢ⸆ᾮ⃰ᗘ㸫
Ṛ⋡ࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࡣ㸪S⣔⤫ᐤࡾ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Fig. 9㸧㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪୧ࢪ࣑ࢻ
⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿR⣔⤫ࡣ㸪ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㏵ୖ࠶ࡾ㸪㞟ᅋෆࡀ࣍ࣔ᥋ྜయRR ࡢࡳ
࡞ࡽࡎ୍㒊࡞ࡀࡽ࣊ࢸࣟ᥋ྜయRSཬࡧ࣍ࣔ᥋ྜయSSࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ᮏ❶࠾࠸࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ2✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ
ᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ㸪ࡶᖖᰁⰍయᛶࡢ」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡿඃᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ
♧ࡍࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࠾ࡅࡿẅᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡀึࡵ࡚ࡢሗ࿌࡞ࡿ㸬ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉ᐖࡢẅᢠᛶࡘ࠸࡚㸪 㑇ఏᵝᘧࡀ᫂☜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ၏୍ࡢࡋ࡚㸪ࢥࢻࣜࣥ࢞ࡢࣆࣞࢫࣟࢻᢠᛶ ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ㸪ᖖᰁⰍయᛶࡢ」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡿຎᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Bouvier et al.㸪2001㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪 ࢩࣟࢳࣔࢪࣚࢺ࢘Spodeptera exigua (Hübner)㸦ࢳࣙ࢘┠㸸ࣖ࢞⛉㸧࡛၏୍ࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࠶
ࡾ㸪ᖖᰁⰍయᛶࡢ」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡿຎᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦Jia et al.㸪2009㸧㸬ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୰ᅜࡢࢥࢼ࢞࠾
࠸࡚ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡀᖖᰁⰍయᛶ࡛ຎᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝ ᘧࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Guo et al.㸪2014b㸧㸬ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ
࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟⥆࠸࡚㸪ࢥࢼ࢞ࡢࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ᭱㏆
࡞ࡗ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸦⚟⏣࣭ᯘᕝ㸪2014㸹ΎỈࡽ㸪2014㸧㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࢥࢼ࢞ࡢ
ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࡣຎᛶ㏆࠸࠸࠺㸦すᯇ㸪⚾ಙ㸧㸬 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ2 ✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ
ᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ㸪ᖖᰁⰍయᛶࡢ」ᩘᅉᏊ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࢳ
ࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࡳඃᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ♧ࡍ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
➨2❶ཬࡧ➨3❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡀ DAH⣔IGR ࡸࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ
ᑐࡋ࡚ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿᐇែࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸬ẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࢩ࣑
࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸪ᢠᛶ㑇ఏᏊࡀప㢖ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢⓎ㐩㏿ᗘࡣຎᛶ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ
ඃᛶࡢሙྜࡼࡾࡶ㐜ᘏࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ㐜ᘏຠᯝࡣಶయࡢ⛣ฟධࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ㧗ࡲࡿࡇࡀ
♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Georghiou and Taylor㸪1977a㸹Taylor and Georghiou㸪1979㸧㸬ࡇࡢ⪃
࠼ᇶ࡙ࡃ㸪ඃᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ 2 ✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᢠᛶࡣ㸪ຎᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࢳࣙ࢘┠ᐖ㸦࠼ࡤ㸪ࢥ ࢻࣜࣥ࢞ࡢࣆࣞࢫࣟࢻᢠᛶ㸦Bouvier et al.㸪2001㸧㸪ࢩࣟࢳࣔࢪࣚࢺ࢘ࡢࢸࣈ
ࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻᢠᛶ㸦Jia et al.㸪2009㸧㸪ࢥࢼ࢞ࡢࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᢠᛶ 㸦Guo et al.㸪2014b㸧㸧ẚ࡚㸪ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ㏿࠸ࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸬
ᡃࡀᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ㸪ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡ
ࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࢥࢼ࢞㸦⚟⏣࣭ᯘᕝ㸪2014㸹ΎỈࡽ㸪2014㸧࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢳࣕࣀ
ࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟᪥⣔⤫࡛ࡣ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻཬࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ
ᑐࡋ࡚㸪2010 ᖺཬࡧ2011 ᖺࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢLC50್ࡀᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࢆୖᅇࡾ㸪⌧ሙ࡛ࡢ
⏝ࡽࡑࢀࡒࢀ4ᖺཬࡧ2ᖺ࡛ᢠᛶࡀᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟ࡢ࠶ࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ㐩ࡋࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪 ࢥࢼ࡛࢞ࡣ༓ⴥ┴ཬࡧ㮵ඣᓥ┴ࡢಶయ⩌࡛㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ2013ᖺឤཷᛶపୗࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⚟⏣࣭ᯘᕝ㸪2014㸹ΎỈࡽ㸪2014㸧㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍ
ࡿᢠᛶࡀ㢧ᅾࡋࡓᮇࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡀࢥࢼ࢞ࡼࡾࡶ᪩࠸ࡇ࡞
ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪୧✀ࡢࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㛵ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡣඃᛶ㸪ࢥࢼ࢞ࡣ
ຎᛶ㏆࠸㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦すᯇ㸪⚾ಙ㸧㸪ඃᛶࡢ᪉ࡀຎᛶࡼࡾࡶᢠᛶⓎ㐩
㏿ᗘࡀ㏿࠸㸦Georghiou and Taylor㸪1977a㸹Taylor and Georghiou㸪1979㸧ࡇࡽ㸪ࢳ
ࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࡛࢟᪩࠸ᮇᢠᛶࡀ㢧ᅾࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
୍⯡ⓗ㸪」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡾࡶ༢୍ᅉᏊࡼࡾᢠᛶࡀᨭ㓄ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ࡀ㸪ᢠᛶ㑇 ఏᏊࡀᣑᩓࡋࡸࡍ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪ẅࢲࢽᢠᛶ㸦Roush and McKenzie㸪1987㸧ࡸ㸪ᤕ㣗ᛶࢲࢽMetaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt)㸦ࢲࢽ┠㸸࢝ࣈࣜ
ࢲࢽ⛉㸧ࡢࣆࣞࢫࣟࢻཬࡧ࣮࢝ࣂ࣓࣮ࢺᢠᛶ㸦Hoy et al.㸪1980㸹Roush and
Hoy㸪1981㸧㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡼࡾᨭᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢸࣈࣇ
࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ2✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ㸪」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࡇࡽ㸪ᢠᛶ㑇ఏᏊࡀᣑᩓࡋࡃࡃ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࡼ࠺
࡞≉ᐃࡢᆅᇦ࡛ᛴ㏿ᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ
ཬࡧ 2 ✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ㑇ఏᏊᩘࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡀ㸪 Lande㸦1981㸧ࡣ㑇ఏᏊᩘࡢゎᯒ᪉ἲࢆᥦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᚋࡣゎᯒࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
➨ 5 ❶ ⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅᢠᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᾏእࢆྵࡵ࡚
ࢇㄪᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪㟼ᒸ┴࡛ࡣ㐣ཤᩘࡢឤཷᛶపୗ㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪1980ᖺ௦㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡢࢳࣕࣁ࣐࡛࢟ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࣓
ࢯ࣑ࣝ㸦࣮࢝ࣂ࣓࣮ࢺ⣔㸧㸦ᑿᓮ࣭➉ᓥ㸪1984㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ
࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌࡛ࡶឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ⓑࡽ㸪1988㸧㸬1990ᖺ௦
࡞ࡿ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌࡛ࡣ㸪ࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ㸦᭷ᶵ
ࣜࣥ⣔㸧ࡸࣇ࢙ࣥࣉࣟࣃࢺࣜࣥ㸦ࣆࣞࢫࣟࢻ⣔㸧࡞ᪧ᮶ࡢẅࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪 ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻࡸࢡࣟࣝࣇࣝࢬࣟࣥ࡞ᙜࡢ᪂つẅᑐࡋ࡚ࡶឤཷᛶࡀ పୗࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧㸬ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ▱ぢࡣ࠸
ࡎࢀࡶ᩿∦ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢẅᢠᛶࡢయീࡣ᫂ࡢࡲࡲ᪥⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢᮏ✀ಶయ⩌ࡀ㸪ᆺⓗ࡞」ྜᢠᛶ㝗ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡲ
࡛ᮏ✀༟ຠࢆ♧ࡋᇶᖿ㜵㝖ࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓIGR⣔ẅཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ
ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ㧗ᗘࡢᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿᐇែࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦➨ 2 ❶ཬࡧ➨ 3
❶㸧㸬ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢDAH⣔ IGR ཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠ ᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡼࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚᫂ࡽࡉࢀࡓ㸬ḟ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ㢧 ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ2✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ㸦➨3 ❶㸧ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᢠ ᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆヲ⣽᳨ウࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡿඃᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝ ᘧࢆ♧ࡍࡇࢆ✺ࡁṆࡵࡓ㸦➨4 ❶㸧㸬ࢳࣙ࢘┠ᐖࡢẅᢠᛶࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᮏ✀
ྠᵝࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ♧ࡍࡣ㸪ࢥࢼ࢞ࡢࣇ࢙ࣥࢺ࢚࣮ࢺ㸦᭷ᶵࣜࣥ⣔㸧ᑐࡍࡿ
ᢠᛶ㸦ᐑ⏣㸪1989㸧ࡋ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅ
ᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࡣ≉␗ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱
ぢࢆከ㠃ⓗ⪃ᐹࡋ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅᢠᛶࡢ≉ᚩࢆゎᯒࡍࡿ
ࡶ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢᮏ✀ಶయ⩌ࡀᛴ㏿ࡘ」ྜⓗ࡞ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿཎᅉࢆ᥈
ࡾࡓ࠸㸬
➨ 2 ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿせẅࢆ⥙⨶ⓗ౪ヨ ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ㸦DAH⣔㸧ࡸࣇࣝࣇ
࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ㸦BU ⣔㸧ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿ IGR ⣔ẅᑐࡋ࡚㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌
ࡀឤཷᛶࢆపୗࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿᐇែࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬ྠ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢಶయ⩌࡛ࡣࣆࣞࢫ
ࣟࢻᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗ㸪ࡉࡽࡣࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ࡢࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻཬࡧࢡࣟ
ࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚㸪ឤཷ
ᛶࡢపୗࡀࢃࢀࡓẅᩘࡣ11ཬࡧ㸪㐣ཤࡢሗ࿌㸦ᑿᓮ࣭➉ᓥ㸪1984㸹ᑠᮡ㸪1999㸧
ࡶྵࡵࡿ15ཬࡪ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ✀ࡣᆺⓗ࡞」ྜᢠᛶ㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉ᐖࡢࢥࢻࣜࣥ࢞㸦ᢠᛶࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓẅᩘ㸸22㸧ࡸࣁ
ࢫ࢜ࣅࣁ࣐࢟㸦ྠ㸸9㸧㸦APRD㸪2015㸧ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢ」
ྜᢠᛶࡣୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ᐖࡢࢥࢻࣜࣥ࢞༉ᩛࡋ㸪㝿❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡕ࡞ࡳ㸪ࢪ࣑
ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ☜ㄆࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡀᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣึࡵ
࡚࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ୡ⏺࡛ࡣࢥࢼ࢞ḟ࠸࡛2␒┠࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨3❶㸧㸬ྠᵝ㸪DAH⣔IGR
ᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ☜ㄆࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡀᡃࡀᅜ࡛ึࡵ࡚ࡢ
࡞ࡗࡓ㸦➨3❶㸧㸬
ẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡣ㸪㔝እࡢᐖಶయ⩌ࡢ୰ࡶࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᢠᛶ㑇ఏ Ꮚࢆࡶࡗࡓᑡᩘࡢಶయࡀ㸪ẅࡼࡿឤཷᛶಶయࡢ㝖ཤࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ಶయ⩌ࡢ୰✚
ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Crow㸪1957㸧㸬୍⯡㸪ẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡣ㸪ձᢠᛶ㑇 ఏᏊࡢඃᛶᗘཬࡧ㢖ᗘ➼ࡢ㑇ఏⓗせᅉ㸪ղẅࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࡸṧຠᛶ➼ࡢ㜵㝖ⓗせᅉ㸪 ճᐖࡢୡ௦ᩘࡸ⛣ືศᩓ➼ࡢ⏕≀ⓗせᅉ࡞୕ࡘࡢせᅉࡀ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Georghiou and Taylor㸪1976㸹Georghiou and Taylor㸪1977a㸹Georghiou and Taylor㸪1977b㸹㸪
1996㸹FAO㸪2012㸹ᒣᮏ㸪2012㸧㸬 Table 16ࡣ㸪FAO㸦2012㸧ࡀࠕ⸆ᢠᛶ⟶⌮
㛵ࡍࡿ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࠖ♧ࡋࡓࠕ⸆ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㛵ࡍࡿ㑇ఏⓗ㸪㜵㝖ⓗཬࡧ⏕
≀ⓗせᅉࡑࡢᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࠖࢆྲྀࡾࡲࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡢ୕ࡘࡢせ
Table 16. Genetic, operational, and biological factors for resistance development (based on FAO, 2012) Factor LowerHigher Genetic factors Occurrence of resistance geneAbsentPresent Number of resistance mechanismsOneSeveral Gene frequencyLowHigh Dominance of resistanceRecessiveDominant Fitness of "R" individualsPoorGood Cross resistanceNegative or nonePositive Past selectionNoneSignificant Modifying genesAbsentPresent Operational factors Activity spectrum of the pesticideNarrow spectrumBroad spectrum Pesticide application rate Application coverageGoodPoor Systemicity Treatment frequencyLowHigh Presence of secondary pestsAbsent (only the target pest is treated)Present (not targeted (potential) pests are also treated) Life stages treated with related pesticidesSingleMultiple Proportion of population treated PersistenceShortLong Number of crops treatedOneMany Crop sequenceCrops separated by time or geographyCrops inter-planted; no break between planting; continuous Pest control tacticsMultiple control tactics (chemical, biological, cultural)Continuous use of single method or compound Non target effectsSelective activity, no effect on natural enemiesNon selective, natural enemies also killed Biological factors Population sizeSmallLarge Reproductive potentialLowHigh Generation turnoverOne or less generations per yearMany generations per year Type of reproductionSexualAsexual DispersalLittleMuch Seed bankLargeSmall or none Pesticide metabolismDifficultEasy Number of target sites of the pesticideMultiple sitesSingle, specific Pest host rangeNarrowWide
Potential for resistance development Effect of factor is variable; may increase of decrease risk of resistance Effect of factor is variable; may increase of decrease risk of resistance
Lable rate; heterozygotes killed (If R gene is incompletely dominant)Less than label rate; heterozygotes survive, More than label rate; only some homozygous resistant individuals survive and reproduce (especially if there is little immigration)
ᅉࢆ୰ᚰ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅᢠᛶࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ࠸㸬
➨୍ࡢࠕ⸆ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㛵ࡍࡿ㑇ఏⓗせᅉࠖࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢳࣙ࢘┠ᐖ࠾ࡅ
ࡿẅᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࡣẅࡢ✀㢮ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ከࡃࡣຎᛶ㑇ఏࡍ
ࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬࠼ࡤ㸪ࢥࢼ࢞ࡢẅᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧ㸦Table 17㸧ࡣ㸪ከ ࡃࡢሙྜ㸪ຎᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅬ⏣㸪2015㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉ᐖ࡛၏୍㑇ఏᵝᘧࡀ᫂ࡽ
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢥࢻࣜࣥ࢞ࡢሙྜࡶ㸪ࣆࣞࢫࣟࢻᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ」ᩘᅉᏊࡼ
ࡿຎᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Bouvier et al.㸪2001㸧㸬ࡇࢀᑐࡋ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢ ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࡣ㸪ࡶᖖᰁⰍ యᛶࡢ」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡿඃᛶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦➨4 ❶㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪ᮏ✀࠾ࡅࡿẅ
ᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࡣ㸪ࡢࢳࣙ࢘┠ᐖࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪 ࢥࢼ࡛࢞▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸦Table 17㸧㸪ẅࡢ✀㢮ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧ ࡀ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ᢠᛶ㑇ఏᏊࡢඃᛶᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ඃᛶࡣຎᛶࡼࡾᢠᛶࡀ
Ⓨ㐩ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸦Table 16㸧㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡣࢥࢼ࢞ࡸ
ࢥࢻࣜࣥ࢞ࡼࡾࡶᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡸࡍ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬࠼ࡤ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ ࢼ࢞ࡢࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣຎᛶ㑇ఏࡉࢀ㸦すᯇ㸪⚾ಙ㸧㸪⏝
ࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚ࡽ 7 ᖺᚋ᫂ࡽ࡞ឤཷᛶపୗࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦⚟⏣࣭ᯘᕝ㸪2014㸹Ύ Ỉࡽ㸪2014㸧㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᢠᛶࡣ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ
࣑ࢻࡢሙྜ㸪⏝㛤ጞᚋࢃࡎ4ᖺ㸦ᖺ1ᅇࡢ⏝࡛⣼✚4ᅇ㸧࡛㸪ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛ
ࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝࡢሙྜࡣ⏝㛤ጞᚋࢃࡎ2ᖺ㸦ᖺ1ᅇࡢ⏝࡛⣼✚ 2ᅇ㸧࡛☜ㄆࡉ
ࢀࡓ㸦Table 12㸧㸬
ࡲࡓ㸪ẅᢠᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ㑇ఏᏊࡀ」ᩘᏑᅾࡍࡿࡼࡾ༢୍࡛࠶ࡿ᪉ࡀᢠᛶࡢ 㠃ⓗ࡞ᣑᩓࡣ᪩࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Roush and McKenzie㸪1987㸹Hoy et al.㸪1980㸹 Roush and Hoy㸪1981㸧㸬࠼ࡤ㸪ࢥࢼ࢞ࡢẅᢠᛶ㛵ࡍࡿ㑇ఏᏊᩘࡣ㸪ẅ
ࡢ✀㢮ࡼࡾࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡛࠶ࡾ㸦Table 17㸧㸪୍ᐃࡢഴྥࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞
࠸㸬ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢ IGR ⣔ẅཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶ
Table 17. Inheritance of resisitance to various insecticides inPlutella xylostella(based on Sonoda, 2015) InsecticidesClassificationaReference Number of R geneDominance PhenthoateOrganophosphatesPolyIncompletely dominantMiyata, 1989 FipronilPhenylpyrazolesSingleIncompletely recessiveSayyed and Wright, 2001 Permethrin, cypermethrin, decamethrin, fenbaleratePyrethroids, PyrethrinsMore than singleIncompletely recessiveLiu et al., 1981 DeltamethrinPyrethroids, PyrethrinsPolyIncompletely dominantBslasubramani et al., 2008 SpinosadSpinosynsSingleIncompletely recessiveZhao et al., 2002; Sayyed et al., 2008 SingleIncompletely dominantSayyed et al., 2004 AbamectinAvermectins, MilbemycinsPolyIncompletely recessiveLiang et al., 2003 BT toxinPolyIncompletely recessiveTabashnik et al., 1994; Hama et al., 1992 PolyIncompletely dominantSayyed and Wright, 2001 TeflubenzuronBenzoylureas (BU)SingleRecessiveTalekar and Shelton, 1993 FufenozideDiacylhydrazines (DAH)PolyIncompletely recessiveSun et al., 2010 IndoxacarbIndoxacarbSingleIncompletely recessiveSayyed and Wright, 2006 ChlorantraniliproleDiamides䇷Incompletely recessiveGuo et al., 2014 䇷Nearly completely recessiveNishimatsu, personal communication a The IRAC mode of action classification (Sparks and Nauen, 2015).
Inheritance Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they produce
ࡣ㸪ࡶ」ᩘ㑇ఏᏊᨭ㓄ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸦➨4❶㸧㸪ᮏ✀ࡢ୧ᑐࡍࡿ
ᢠᛶࡣᣑᩓࡋࡃ࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡀ㸪୧ᑐࡍࡿࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐
࢟ࡢᢠᛶࡀ∾அཎᆅᇦ࡞㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Table 6㸪Table 7㸧ཎᅉࡢࡦࡘ
ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬
ᢠᛶ㑇ఏᏊ㢖ᗘࡣᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㏿ᗘ῝ࡃ㛵ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ึᮇࡢ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗࠸
ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ㏿ᗘࡣ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸦Georghiou and Taylor㸪1997a㸧㸬➨3❶࡛ࡶ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࡀ㸪 ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡀ▷ᮇ㛫Ⓨ㐩ࡋࡓࡢࡣ 㸦Table 12㸧㸪ᢠᛶ㑇ఏᏊࡢึᮇ㢖ᗘࡀ㧗ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡣ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋
ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻࡢୖᕷᙜᖺ㸦2007ᖺ㸧㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡽ᥇㞟ࡋࡓಶయ⩌ࡢ୰ឤཷᛶప
ୗࡀࢃࢀࡿಶయࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࡇࡽࡶ࠺ࡀ࠼ࡿ㸦Table 3㸧㸬
ẅᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣ㸪ձ⓶㏱㐣ᛶࡢపୗ㸪ղస⏝Ⅼ࠾ࡅࡿẅ
ឤཷᛶࡢపୗ㸪ճゎẘศゎ㓝⣲άᛶࡢቑ㸪ࡢ3ࡘᩚ⌮ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸦Brattsten et al.㸪 1986㸹Scott㸪1990㸧㸪せ࡞࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡣస⏝Ⅼ࠾ࡅࡿẅឤཷᛶࡢపୗゎẘ ศゎ㓝⣲άᛶࡢቑࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୧᪉ࡀ㛵ࡍࡿࡉࢀࡿ㸦ᅬ⏣㸪2012㸧㸬ࢳ
ࣙ࢘┠ᐖࡢIGR⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ゎẘศゎ㓝
⣲άᛶࡢቑࡀ㛵ࡍࡿ࠸࠺࠸ࡃࡘࡢሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ẅࡢゎẘศゎ㛵ࢃࡿ
࡞㓝⣲ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࢳࢺࢡ࣮࣒ࣟP450㸪࢝ࣝ࣎࢟ࢩ࢚ࢫࢸ࣮ࣛࢮ㸪ࢢࣝࢱࢳ࢜ࣥ㌿⛣㓝
⣲ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅬ⏣㸪2012㸧㸬ࢩࣟࢳࣔࢪࣚࢺ࢘ࡢDAH ⣔IGR 㸦ࢸࣈࣇ࢙
ࣀࢪࢻࡲࡓࡣ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ㸧㸦Smagghe et al.㸪1998㸹Waldstein and Reissig㸪 2000㸹Smagghe et al.㸪2003㸹Jia et al.㸪2009㸧ཬࡧࢥࢻࣜࣥ࢞ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻᑐ ࡍࡿᢠᛶ㸦Reyes et al.㸪2004㸹Ioriatti et al.㸪2007㸧ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࢳࢺࢡ࣮࣒ࣟP450 ࡀ㛵ࡋ㸪ࣁࢫ࢜ࣅࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ࢝ࣝ࣎࢟ࢩ࢚ࢫࢸ
࣮ࣛࢮࢢࣝࢱࢳ࢜ࣥ㌿⛣㓝⣲ࡀ㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ahmad et al.㸪2002㸹 Ahmad and Hollingworth㸪2004㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪ࢳࣙ࢘┠ᐖ࡛ࡣDAH⣔IGRᑐ ࡍࡿᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡣࢳࢺࢡ࣮࣒ࣟ P450 ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿゎẘศゎ㓝⣲άᛶࡢቑࡀ㛵
ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢ IGR ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶ㸦➨3
❶㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゎẘศゎ㓝⣲άᛶࡢቑࡀ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ࢥࢼ࢞
ࡢࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪స⏝Ⅼࡢࣜࣀࢪ
ࣥཷᐜయࡢኚ␗ࡼࡿẅឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ㛵ࡍࡿ࠸࠺㸦Troczka et al.㸪2012㸹 Guo et al.㸪2014a㸹Guo et al.㸪2014b㸧㸬ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪᭱㏆࡛ࡣࣜࣀࢪࣥཷᐜయ㑇 ఏᏊࡢⓎ⌧ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢపୗ㸦Lin et al.㸪2013㸹Gong et al.㸪2014㸧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣቑ㸦Sun et al.㸪 2012㸧ࡀ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ᮍࡔ᫂࡞Ⅼࡀከ࠸㸦ᅬ⏣㸪2015㸧㸬ࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶ㸦➨3 ❶㸧ࡣ స⏝Ⅼࡢẅឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ẅࡢᕪᢠᛶࡣ㸪ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀᐦ᥋㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃ
ࡕ㸪ྠ⣔⤫ࡢẅࡢస⏝Ⅼࡣඹ㏻ࡍࡿሙྜࡀከࡃ㸪ࡲࡓඹ㏻ࡢゎẘ㓝⣲ࡀാࡃࡇ
ࡀከ࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤྠ⣔⤫ࡢẅ㛫࡛ᕪᢠᛶࢆ♧ࡶ㸪␗⣔⤫ࡢẅ
㛫࡛ඹ㏻ࡢゎẘ㓝⣲ࡀാ࠸࡚ᕪᢠᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦⏣࣭Ἑ㔝㸪2009㸧㸬
➨3❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢ DAH⣔IGRཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅࡢࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠ⣔⤫ẅ㛫ࡢᕪᢠᛶࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྠ⣔
⤫ࡢẅ㛫ࡢᕪᢠᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢥࢼ࢞ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙
ࣀࢪࢻ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶDAH⣔IGR㸧㸦Cao and Han㸪2006㸧ࡸྠ✀ࡢࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽ
ࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝཬࡧࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ㸧㸦Wang et al.㸪2013㸧
࡛ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢIGR⣔ẅཬࡧ ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀゎẘศゎ㓝⣲άᛶࡢቑཬࡧస⏝Ⅼ ࡢẅឤཷᛶపୗࡀ㛵ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡽ㸪ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ
࣒ࡀඹ㏻ࡍࡿྠ⣔⤫ࡢẅ㛫࡛ᕪᢠᛶࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪➨3 ❶࡛
ࡣࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ⣔⤫ࡢẅ㛫࡛ᢠᛶࡀᕪࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡢ స⏝Ⅼࡢឤཷᛶపୗࡢ㛵ࡔࡅ࡛ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ✀ࡢࢪ࣑
ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣ㸪స⏝Ⅼࡢឤཷᛶపୗࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎゎẘศゎ㓝⣲άᛶࡢ ቑࡶ㛵ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬࠸ࡎࢀࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅࡸIGR⣔ẅ
ᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᚋࡢヲ⣽࡞ゎ᫂ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ල యⓗࡣ㸪ḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢧ࣮ࡼࡿẅᢠᛶཎᅉ㑇ఏᏊࡢ᥈⣴࡞ࡀᣲࡆࡽ
ࢀࡿ㸬
ࡇࢁ࡛㸪ẅᢠᛶᕪᢠᛶࡀ㛵ࡍࡿ㸪ᢠᛶࡣⓎ㐩ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Table 16㸧㸬ୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢ IGR ⣔ẅཬࡧ ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣᕪᢠᛶࡢ㛵ࡀࢃࢀࡿࡇࡽ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢ ẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࢆຓ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
➨ࡢࠕ⸆ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㛵ࡍࡿ㜵㝖ⓗせᅉࠖࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡣࡌࡵ㸪⸆ฎ⌮
⃰ᗘᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸬High dose/refuge strategy㸦㧗⸆㔞㸭ಖㆤ༊
ᡓ␎㸧㸦Gould㸪1998㸹FAO㸪2012㸹㕥ᮌ㸪2012a㸹㕥ᮌ㸪2012b㸧ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ᇶ࡙ࡃ㸪 ẅᢠᛶ㑇ఏᏊࡀඃᛶ࡛㸪࡞࠾ࡘᢠᛶ㑇ఏᏊࢆ࣊ࢸ࡛ࣟࡶࡘ RS ಶయ ࡀᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࡢฎ⌮࡛ࡍ࡚Ṛஸࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡃࡃ㸦Table 16㸧㸪୍᪉㸪 RS ಶయࡀᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࡢฎ⌮࡛⏕ᏑࡍࡿሙྜࡣᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡉࢀࡿ㸦Table
16㸧㸬ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ 2 ✀ࢪ࣑ࢻᢠᛶࡘ࠸
࡚㸪ᢠᛶ࣍ࣔRRಶయ㸪RS ಶయཬࡧឤཷᛶ࣍ࣔSSಶయࡢ⸆⃰ᗘ㸫Ṛ⋡ࡢ㛵ಀ 㸦Fig. 4㸪Fig. 8㸪Fig. 11㸧ࡽ᥎ᐹࡍࡿ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻཬ ࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ㸦ࡑࢀࡒࢀ200ppm㸪100ppmཬࡧ50ppm㸧
࡛ࡣ㸪RSಶయࢆ㝖ཤ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸦Fig. 4㸪Fig. 8㸪Fig. 11㸧㸬ࡇࡢࡇ
ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡀࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ 2 ✀ࢪ࣑ࢻᑐࡍࡿᢠ ᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
ḟᐖ㸦ᙜヱᐖࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ⸆ฎ⌮ࢆせࡍࡿᐖ㸧ࡢᏑᅾࡢ᭷↓ࡶẅ
ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ᐦ᥋㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ḟᐖࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿሙྜࡣ▷ᮇ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕᢠᛶ ࡀⓎ㐩ࡍࡿゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Table 16㸧㸬ࢳࣕ᱂ᇵ࡛ࡣࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢḟ
ᐖࡋ࡚ࢳࣕࣁ࣐࢟ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ㸬㟼ᒸ┴ࡢሙྜ㸪ᆅᇦࡼࡾඃ༨✀ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪 ୧✀ࡣΰᅾࡋ㸪ࡑࡢⓎ⏕ࡣࡰྠㄪࡍࡿࡇࡽ㸦༡ᕝ࣭ฮ㒊㸪1979㸧㸪ྠ୍ẅ
࡛୧✀ࢆྠ㜵㝖ࡍࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢⓎ
⏕㔞ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࢳࣕࣁ࣐࢟ࡀከⓎ⏕ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㸪⤖ᯝⓗࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟
ࡶẅࡼࡿῈửࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㸬ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ྠᵝ∾அཎᆅ ᇦࡢࢳࣕࣁ࣐࡛࢟ࡶDAH⣔ IGR ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗ࡚
࠾ࡾ㸦ᑠ⃝࣭ෆᒣ㸪2013㸧㸪ḟᐖࡢࢳࣕࣁ࣐࢟ࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ẅᩓᕸᅇᩘࡀቑ ຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢳࣕ᱂ᇵ≉᭷࡞せᅉࡶࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟
ࡢẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࢆຓ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
ᐖᑐࡍࡿṧຠᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗࠸ẅ㸪ᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦Table 16㸧㸬ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟㜵㝖ࡢᇶᖿࡋ࡚⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ IGR ⣔ẅ
ࡸࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢẅࡼࡾࡶṧຠᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗࠸ࡓࡵ㸦ෆᒣ㸪2012㸧㸪
ᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬ᐇ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࡛࢟ࡣ㸪IGR ⣔ẅ
ཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡋ࡚ࡼࡾࡶⴭࡋࡃឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ㸦➨ 2 ❶㸧㸪㧗ᗘࡢ
ᢠᛶࡶⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦➨3 ❶㸧㸬ࡉࡽ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢDAH⣔IGR 㸦ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ
࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ㸧ཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ㸦ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻ㸧ᑐࡍࡿ
ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ࡢẅࡼࡾࡶ㏿࠸ࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦➨ 3 ❶㸧㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡓࡇࡽࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢẅ࡛ࡣᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬
㎰స≀ࡢ᱂ᇵࡀ㸪㛗ᮇ㛫ࢃࡓࡾ㞟ᅋ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿ㸪ࡲࡓẅࡢᩓᕸࡴࡽࡀ࡛
ࡁࡸࡍ࠸㸪ẅᢠᛶࡣⓎ㐩ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Table 16㸧㸬ࢳࣕ᱂ᇵࡣࡇ
࠺ࡋࡓ᮲௳࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࢳࣕࡣᖖ⥳ࡢỌᖺᛶస≀࡛ᗈ࡞ᅵᆅ࡛᱂ᇵࡉ
ࢀࡿࡇࡀከ࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ࡢୡ௦ࡣ㏵ษࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㛗ᮇࢃࡓࡿ
ẅࡼࡿ㐃⥆Ὲửࡀࡅࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢳࣕ᱂ᇵࡣ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࠾࠸࡚
ࡣ㏻ᖖ㸪ࢳࣕᶞࡢⴥᒙࢆ 10cm ⛬ᗘ☜ಖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽⴥࡀ㔜࡞ࡾྜࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᒸ 㔝㸪2008㸧㸪ᩓᕸࡴࡽࡀ࡛ࡁࡸࡍ࠸㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩓᕸࡴࡽࡣẅࡢ⃰ᗘ໙㓄ࢆ⏕ࡴࡇ
⧅ࡀࡾ㸪ẅࡀ༑ศࡽ࡞ࡗࡓప⸆㔞ࡢ㒊࡛ࡣ㸪ᢠᛶಶయࡀ㑅ᢤࡉ
ࢀࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢳࣕ᱂ᇵࡢ≉Ṧᛶࡶ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅ
ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ᢿ㌴ࢆࡅ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
➨୕ࡢࠕ⸆ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㛵ࡍࡿ⏕≀ⓗせᅉࠖࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ
࣐࢟≉ᚩⓗᛮࢃࢀࡿせᅉࡣᑡ࡞࠸㸦Table 16㸧ࡀ㸪ಶయ⩌ࢧࢬࡢࡁࡉࡣᮏ✀ࡢ
≉ᚩࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࠼ࡤ㸪ᮏ✀࠾࠸࡚IGR⣔ẅཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐ ࡍࡿᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ∾அཎᆅᇦࡣ㸪⣙7000ha࠸࠺つᶍ࡛ࡲࡲࡗࡓ
⏬୍ⓗ࡞ࢳࣕࡢ᱂ᇵࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ᡂࡣ୍ᬌ
5km௨ୖ㣕⩧ࡋ࡚⛣ືศᩓࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Shirai and Kosugi㸪2000㸧ࡇࡽ㸪
ࡁ࡞ಶయ⩌ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸬ᮏ✀ࡢಶయ⩌ࢧࢬࡀࡁ࠸࠸࠺ࡇ
ࡣ㸪ಶయ⩌ෆࡢ㑇ఏⓗከᵝᛶࡀಖࡓࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ࢳࣕࣀ
ࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡣ≉∾அཎᆅᇦ࡛ᕧ࡞㑇ఏᏊࣉ࣮ࣝࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶
ࡾ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪ẅᢠᛶ㑇ఏᏊࡀฟ⌧ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
ࡑࡢࡢ⏕≀ⓗせᅉࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᐤ⠊ᅖࡢᗈࡉࡣᮏ✀ࡢ≉ᚩࡢࡦࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᆺⓗ
࡞」ྜᢠᛶ㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢳࣙ࢘┠ᐖࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࢥࢼ࢞ࡣࣈࣛࢼ⛉᳜≀ᐤ⏕ࡋ 㸦Talekar and Shelton㸪1993㸧㸪ࢥࢻࣜࣥ࢞ࡣࣜࣥࢦࡸࢼࢩ➼ࡢᯝᶞ㢮ᐤ⏕ࡍࡿ
㸦van der Geest and Evenhuis㸪1991㸧㸬ࡑࢀᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢᐤ
⠊ᅖࡣ㸪30⛉54✀௨ୖ㸦ᮏ㛫㸪1972㸹༡ᕝ࣭ฮ㒊㸪1979㸧ࡶ90✀௨ୖ㸦ᱵ㇂࣭ᒸ
⏣㸪2003㸧ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㣗ᛶࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᗈ࠸㸬ᐤ⠊ᅖࡀᗈ࠸ẅᢠ ᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࡽ㸦Table 16㸧㸪ᮏ✀ࡢ㣗ᛶࡢᗈࡉࡀẅᢠᛶࢆࡉࡽຓ
㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࠾ࡅࡿẅᢠᛶ⟶⌮㸦Comins㸪1977㸹Taylor and Georghiou㸪1979㸹Georghiou㸪1983㸹㕥ᮌ㸪2012a㸹㕥ᮌ㸪2012b㸹ᒣᮏ㸪2012㸧ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡶゐࢀ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸㸬ẅᢠᛶᑐ⟇ࡢࡦࡘࡋ࡚㸪ឤཷᛶࡢᅇᚋẅࢆ
⏝ࡍࡿᡭἲࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬᪤ẅᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢឤཷᛶࢆᅇࡉ
ࡏࡿࡣ㸪ձឤཷᛶಶయ⩌ࡢ⛣ධࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ㸪ࡲࡓࡣឤཷᛶಶయࡢಖㆤ༊ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ㸪 ղᢠᛶಶయࡢ㐺ᛂᗘࡀឤཷᛶಶయࡼࡾࡶప࠸ࡇ㸪ճᢠᛶࡀຎᛶ㑇ఏࡍࡿࡇ㸪 ࡢ୕ࡘࡢ᮲௳ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺㸦Tabashnik et al.㸪2003㸹ᒣᮏ㸪2012㸧㸬➨2❶
࠾࠸࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢ࣮࢝ࣂ࣓࣮ࢺཬࡧ᭷ᶵࣜࣥᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡣ㸪 1980ᖺ௦㹼90ᖺ௦ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᅇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬๓㏙ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࢳࣕ᱂ᇵ ࡣẅࡢᩓᕸࡴࡽࡀ࡛ࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡇࡽ㸪ẅࡀ฿㐩ࡋ࡞࠸㒊ࡀឤཷᛶಶయࡢ ಖㆤ༊ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬ࢳࣙ࢘┠ᐖ࡛ࡣࢥࢼ࢞ࢆࡣࡌࡵࢩࣟࢳ
ࣔࢪࣚࢺ࢘ࡸSpodoptera littoralis (Boisduval)㸦ࢳࣙ࢘┠㸸ࣖ࢞⛉㸧࠾࠸࡚㸪ᢠᛶಶ యࡢ㐺ᛂᗘࡣឤཷᛶಶయࡼࡾࡶప࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Gao and Han, 2006㸹Jia et al., 2009㸹Smagghe and Degheele, 1997㸧㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ࢼࢩࣄ࣓ࢩࣥࢡGrapholita molesta (Busck) 㸦ࢳࣙ࢘┠㸸ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉㸧ࡢ࣮࢝ࣂ࣓࣮ࢺᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡣຎᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Kanga et al.㸪2001㸧㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢ࣮࢝ࣂ࣓࣮ࢺࡸ᭷ᶵ
ࣜࣥᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶᅇ㸦➨2 ❶㸧ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢ୕ࡘࡢ᮲௳ࡀ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪ᮏ✀ࡢIGR⣔ẅ㸦ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ㸧ཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ
㸦ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻཬࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ㸧ᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝ ᘧࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶඃᛶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽ㸦➨ 4 ❶㸧㸪ឤཷᛶࡢᅇࡣᮇᚅ࡛ࡁ࡞
࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࢥࢼ࡛࢞ࡣࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢᅇࡶሗ࿌
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Wang et al.㸪2012㸧ࡇࡽ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࠾࠸࡚IGR⣔ ẅཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡋ࡚ឤཷᛶࡀᅇࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᚋ ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶಶయࡢ㐺ᛂᗘ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅᢠᛶࢆ㸪ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㛵ࡍ
ࡿ㑇ఏⓗ㸪㜵㝖ⓗཬࡧ⏕≀ⓗせᅉࡢ୕ࡘࡢせᅉࢆ୰ᚰከ㠃ⓗ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲
ࡽࡣ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩῝ࡃ㛵ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㑇ఏⓗせᅉࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ 㑇ఏᵝᘧࡸᕪᢠᛶ㸪㜵㝖ⓗせᅉࡋ࡚ẅࡢฎ⌮⃰ᗘ㸪ḟᐖ㸦ࢳࣕࣁ࣐࢟㸧
ࡢᏑᅾ㸪ẅࡢṧຠᮇ㛫㸪ཬࡧࢳࣕ᱂ᇵࡢ≉Ṧᛶ㸪⏕≀ⓗせᅉࡋ࡚ᮏ✀ࡢಶయ⩌
ࢧࢬࡢࡁࡉ➼ࡢྛせᅉࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓ㸬Table 18 ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ཬ ࡧࢥࢼ࢞࠾࠸࡚IGR⣔ཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅࢆ⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡢᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ
ࢆ㸪㑇ఏⓗ㸪㜵㝖ⓗཬࡧ⏕≀ⓗせᅉ㸦Table 16㸹FAO㸪2012㸧ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡘ࠸࡚ホ౯ ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࡛࢟ࡣᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆุ᩿࡛ࡁࡓ21 せᅉࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࡑࡢࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ14㹼16せᅉࡀࠕᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠖヱᙜ ࡋࡓ㸬ẅᢠᛶࡀୡ⏺ⓗၥ㢟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢥࢼ࢞㸦APRD㸪2015㸧࡛ࡣ10せᅉ ࡀࠕᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠖヱᙜࡋࡓࡇࡽ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡣࢥ ࢼ࢞༉ᩛࡍࡿࡑࢀ௨ୖẅᢠᛶࡀⓎ㐩ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ᐖࡔ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㛵ࡍࡿ㑇ఏⓗ㸪㜵㝖ⓗཬࡧ⏕≀ⓗせᅉࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪࡞ࡐ∾அཎᆅᇦࡢ ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡀᛴ㏿ࡘ」ྜⓗ࡞ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸪ᐖ㸪
ᆅᇦ㸪ཬࡧస≀࡛ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟≉᭷ࡢせ ᅉࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸㸬ࡲࡎ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢIGR⣔ẅ
ཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶඃᛶ㸦➨ 4 ❶㸧㸧ࡣ㸪ࢥࢼ
࢞ࡸࢥࢻࣜࣥ࢞࡞ࡢᐖࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸≉᭷ࡢせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࢳࣕࡣỌᖺᛶࡢᖖ⥳
ᶞ࡛࠶ࡿࡶ∾அཎᆅᇦ࡛ࡣつᶍ࡛㠃ⓗ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚ࢳࣕࡀసࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
ࡽ㸪ᐖࡀࡁ࡞ಶయ⩌ࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ୰࡛ࡑࡢୡ௦ࡣࣜࢭࢵࢺࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ㛗ᮇ
ࢃࡓࡗ࡚㐃⥆ࡋࡓẅῈửࡀᐇࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ∾அཎᆅᇦ࠾ࡅ
ࡿࢳࣕ᱂ᇵࡢ≉Ṧᛶࡣ㸪ᆅᇦཬࡧస≀࡛ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸≉᭷ࡢせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪
∾அཎᆅᇦࡣ㟼ᒸ┴ཬࡧᗓ┴ࡢࢳࣕ⏘ᆅẚ࡚ࡶ௨๓ࡽẅᩓᕸᅇᩘࡀከ࠸
ࡇ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗㢖ᗘࡢẅᩓᕸࡣᆅᇦ࡛ࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸≉᭷ࡢせ ᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ྠㄪࡋ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿḟᐖ㸦ࢳࣕࣁ࣐
࢟㸧ࡢᏑᅾࡣ㸪ᐖཬࡧస≀࡛ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸≉᭷ࡢせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺㸪
∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟≉᭷ࡢᛴ㏿ࡘ」ྜⓗ࡞ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡣ㸪ᕼ
᭷࡞㑇ఏᵝᘧࡢ㸪ࢳࣕ᱂ᇵࡢ≉Ṧᛶࡸ㧗㢖ᗘࡢẅᩓᕸ࡞ࡀ」ྜⓗ㛵ࡋ
Factor Potential for resistance development
Adoxophyes honmai Plutella xylostella Genetic factors
Occurrence of resistance gene Higher Higher
Number of resistance mechanisms Higher Higher
Gene frequency Higher Unknown
Dominance of resistance Higher Lower
Fitness of "R" individuals Unknown Various
Cross resistance Higher Higher
Past selection Higher Higher
Modifying genes Unknown Unknown
Operational factors
Activity spectrum of the pesticide Lower Lower
Pesticide application rate Higher Lower
Application coverage Higher Various
Systemicity Unable to be judged Unable to be judged
Treatment frequency Higher Higher
Presence of secondary pests Higher Higher
Life stages treated with related pesticides Various Various
Proportion of population treated Unable to be judged Unable to be judged
Persistence Higher Higher
Number of crops treated Lower Lower
Crop sequence Various
(Higher in the Makinohara area)
Various
Pest control tactics Higher Higher
Non target effects Lower Lower
Biological factors
Population size Various
(Higher in the Makinohara area)
Various
Reproductive potential Unable to be judged Unable to be judged
Generation turnover Higher Higher
Type of reproduction Lower Lower
Dispersal Unknown Higher
Seed bank Unknown Unknown
Pesticide metabolism Unknown Unknown
Number of target sites of the pesticide Unknown Unknown
Pest host range Higher Lower
Total number of factors corresponding to "Higher" 14 to 16 10 Table 18. Potential for resisitance development in Adoxophyes honmai and Plutella xylostella assumes the case of using the IGR and diamide insecticides. (based on FAO, 2012)
࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ಶయ⩌ࡢ≉␗ᛶ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྠᆅᇦࡢ」ᩘࡢࢳࣕᐖಶయ⩌࠾࠸࡚㸪ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ẅ
ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᐇࡽࡶࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸬࠼ࡤ∾அཎᆅᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪࢝ࣥ
ࢨ࣡ࣁࢲࢽTetranychus kanzawai Kishidaࡢ」ྜᢠᛶ㸦ฮ㒊㸪1973㸹ᮧ㸪1985㸧ࡸ㸪 ኳᩛ࠾ࡅࡿᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡋ࡚ࡶᕼ࡞࡛࠶ࡿࢣࢼ࢞࢝ࣈࣜࢲࢽ Amblyseius
longispinosus (Evans)㸦ᮧ㸪1986㸹ᮃ᭶㸪1990㸧㸪ࢳࣕᐤ⏕ࡢࢳࣕࣀ࣑ࢻࣜࣄ࣓ࣚࢥ
ࣂ࡛ࡣึ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࢿ࢜ࢽࢥࢳࣀࢻ⣔ẅᢠᛶ㸦ᑠ⃝㸪2009㸧㸪ୡ⏺ึ☜ㄆ
࡞ࡗࡓࢡ࣡ࢩ࣒ࣟ࢝࢞ࣛࢩPseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni)ࡢẅᢠ ᛶ㸦ᑠ⃝㸪2010㸧࡞㸪ᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ከࡃࡢẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ☜ㄆ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬
IGR ⣔ẅཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅࡣ㸪ᅵ╔ኳᩛࡢಖㆤࡀྍ⬟࡞㑅ᢥᛶẅ࡛࠶
ࡿࡶṧຠᮇ㛫ࡶ㛗࠸ࡓࡵ㸦ෆᒣ㸪2012㸧㸪ᚋࡶࣁ࣐࢟࢞㢮ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓࢳ
ࣙ࢘┠ᐖࡢ㜵㝖ᑐ⟇࠾࠸࡚ᇶᖿⓗ࡞ᙺࢆᢸ࠺ணࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࡞㸪ࢳ
ࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡣ᪤୧ᑐࡋ࡚㧗ᗘᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿᐇែࡀ᫂ࡽ
࡞ࡗࡓ㸬≉ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡣ㸪ᾏእࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎᡃࡀᅜࡢ ࢥࢼ࡛࢞ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡽ㸦Troczka et al.㸪2012㸹Wang and Wu㸪2012㸹⚟⏣࣭
ᯘᕝ㸪2014㸹ΎỈࡽ㸪2014㸧㸪ᚋ㸪ྠᵝࡢᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᐖ࠾࠸࡚ᛴ
㏿㢧ᅾࡋ㸪ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀ
ࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡲࡽࡎᐖࡢẅᢠᛶᑐ⟇ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㔜せ࡞ሗࡋ
࡚ᗈࡃά⏝࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬
せ
ࢳࣕࡢ㔜せᐖ࡛࠶ࡿࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda㸦ࢳࣙ࢘
┠㸸ࣁ࣐࢟࢞⛉㸧ࡣ㸪ᗂࡀⴥࢆࡘ࡙ࡾྜࢃࡏ࡚ᕳⴥࢆࡘࡃࡾ㸪ከⓎ⏕ࡣ᪂ⱆࡢ
⏕⫱㐜ᘏࡸ㔞ࡢపୗ࡞ࡢ῝้࡞⿕ᐖࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ㸬㏆ᖺ㸪㟼ᒸ┴ෆࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࢳࣕ
⏘ᆅ࡛࠶ࡿ∾அཎᆅᇦࢆ୰ᚰࡋ࡚㸪ᮏ✀ࡀከⓎ⏕ࡍࡿഴྥ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୍ᅉࡋ࡚
ẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㟼ᒸ┴࠾ࡅࡿᮏ✀ࡢẅ
ᢠᛶࡢᐇែࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡽ᥇㞟ࡋࡓᮏ✀ಶయ⩌ࡢẅឤ
ཷᛶࢆ᳨ᐃࡋࡓ㸬ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ IGR ⣔ẅཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ⤒㐣ࢆ᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡶ㸪ᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ᫂ࡽ
ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆࡶ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢẅᢠᛶࡢ≉ᚩࢆゎᯒࡍࡿ
ࡶ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢᮏ✀ಶయ⩌ࡀᛴ㏿ࡘ」ྜⓗ࡞ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿཎᅉࢆ⪃
ᐹࡋࡓ㸬
1㸬㟼ᒸ┴࠾ࡅࡿẅឤཷᛶࡢᐇែ
㸦1㸧∾அཎᆅᇦࡢಶయ⩌
2004ᖺ㹼08ᖺࡅ࡚㸪㟼ᒸ┴∾அཎᆅᇦࡢྠ୍⟠ᡤࡽࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟
ಶయ⩌㸦ᓥ⏣ᕷ᪥⣔⤫㸧ࢆ᥇㞟ࡋ㸪ࢳࣕࡢⓏ㘓ẅࡢ୰ࡽᮏ✀㐺⏝ࡢ࠶ࡿIGR
⣔ẅ㸪ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅཬࡧࡑࡢྛ✀ẅࡢྜィ16ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ
ࡑࡢ4ಸᕼ㔘⃰ᗘ࠾ࡅࡿẅឤཷᛶࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࢪࢩࣝࣄࢻࣛࢪࣥ㸦DAH㸧⣔
IGR ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ㸪ࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻࡢ3
ᑐࡍࡿ⿵ṇṚ⋡ࡣ㸪2004 ᖺࡽ 2008 ᖺࡅ࡚࠸ࡎࢀࡶపࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ឤཷᛶࡀపୗ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬࣋ࣥࢰࣝᒀ⣲㸦BU㸧⣔IGRࡢࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥཬࡧࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥ
࡛ࡣ㸪᫂ࡽ࡞ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅࡢࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ
࣑ࢻᑐࡍࡿṚ⋡ࡣ㸪2005 ᖺࡽ 2008 ᖺࡅ࡚పࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚
࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢྛ✀ẅࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࠾ࡅࡿ2004ᖺ05ᖺࡢṚ⋡ࡀ90%
௨ୖࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࢡࣟࣝࣆࣜ࣍ࢫ㸪ࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࣀ࣍ࢫ㸪ࢡࣟࣝࣇ࢙ࢼࣆࣝ㸪࣓
ࢯ࣑ࣝ㸪ࢫࣆࣀࢧࢻ㸪࢚࣐࣓ࢡࢳࣥᏳᜥ㤶㓟ሷཬࡧࣅࣇ࢙ࣥࢺࣜࣥࡢ7 ࡛
࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘ࠾ࡅࡿṚ⋡ࡀ 90%ࢆୗᅇࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࢭࣇ࢙࣮ࢺ㸪࣓
ࢳࢲࢳ࢜ࣥࡢ2࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 㸦2㸧┴ෆྛᆅࡢಶయ⩌
2009ᖺ㹼11ᖺࡅ࡚㸪┴ෆྛᆅࡽࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࢆྜィ9⣔⤫16ಶ య⩌᥇㞟ࡋ㸪IGR⣔ẅ㸪ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅཬࡧࡑࡢྛ✀ẅࡢྜィ12ࡘ
࠸࡚㸪ᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࡑࡢ 4 ಸᕼ㔘⃰ᗘ࠾ࡅࡿẅឤཷᛶࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪ ࢻཬࡧ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻࡣࡶ㸪ከࡃࡢ⣔⤫࡛ឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑ ࡢపୗ⛬ᗘࡣࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ࡛ࡁࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫ࡛ࣟࣥࡣከࡃ ࡢ⣔⤫࡛ឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢᑐࡋ㸪ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾ࡛ࣟࣥࡣឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋࡓ⣔⤫
ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻཬࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪
∾அཎᆅᇦࡢಶయ⩌ࡢࡳ࡛ឤཷᛶࡢపୗࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡑࡢྛ✀ẅ6 ✀ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡣ㸪ࣅࣇ࢙ࣥࢺࣜࣥᑐࡋ࡚㸪」ᩘࡢ⣔⤫࡛ឤཷᛶࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬
2㸬IGR⣔ẅཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶⓎ㐩ࡢ⤒㐣 㸦1㸧IGR⣔ẅ
2004ᖺ㹼11ᖺࡢ8ᖺΏࡗ࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ᓥ⏣ᕷ᪥⣔⤫ࡢIGR⣔ ẅ 5 ✀ᑐࡍࡿẅឤཷᛶࢆ LC50್ࡢ⟬ฟࡼࡾㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬᪥⣔⤫ࡣ㸪ࢸ
ࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ㸪ࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧ࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻࡢ3 ࡍ࡚ᑐࡋ
࡚ᖺࠎᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ㸪᭱⤊ㄪᰝᖺḟࡣLC50್ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࢆୖᅇࡗ࡚
ᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟࡞ࡿᢠᛶࣞ࣋ࣝ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ࡇࢀࡽ 3 ࡢ
ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩⛬ᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻཬࡧࢡ࣐ࣟࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ᭱
⤊ㄪᰝᖺḟᢠᛶẚࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ3,443ಸཬࡧ2,177ಸࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢᑐࡋ㸪࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ
࢙ࣀࢪࢻ࠾࠸࡚ࡣྠᵝᢠᛶẚࡀ294 ಸࢆ♧ࡋ㸪࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻࡀࡢ 2 ẚ࡚ᑠࡉࡗࡓ㸬ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾࣟࣥཬࡧࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫࣟࣥࡣ㸪LC50್ࡀᖖ
⏝⃰ᗘࢆୗᅇࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⌧≧࡛ࡣᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟ࡢ࡞࠸ᢠᛶࣞ࣋ࣝࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
ࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬IGR ⣔ẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㏿ᗘࡣ㸪ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ࡛ࡣ1 ᖺ⤒㐣ࡍ
ࡿࡈ1.48 ಸ㸪࣓ࢺ࢟ࢩࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ࡛ࡣ 1.49ಸ㸪ࣝࣇ࢙ࢾ࡛ࣟࣥࡣ 1.22ಸ㸪
ࣇࣝࣇ࢙ࣀࢡࢫ࡛ࣟࣥࡣ0.99ಸ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸬 㸦2㸧ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ
2006ᖺ㹼11ᖺࡢ6ᖺΏࡗ࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ᓥ⏣ᕷ᪥⣔⤫ࡢࢪ࣑
ࢻ⣔ẅ2✀ᑐࡍࡿẅឤཷᛶࢆLC50್ࡢ⟬ฟࡼࡾㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬᪥⣔⤫ࡣ㸪
ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻཬࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡋ࡚ᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ㸪᭱
⤊ㄪᰝᖺḟࡣLC50್ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᖖ⏝⃰ᗘࢆୖᅇࡗ࡚ᐇ⏝ୖၥ㢟࡞ࡿᢠᛶࣞ࣋
ࣝ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓ㸬ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅࡢ⏝㛤ጞᖺࡽLC50್ࡀᖖ⏝⃰
ᗘࢆୖᅇࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᮇ㛫ࡣ㸪ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻ㸦2007ᖺ⏝㛤ጞ㸧࡛ࡣ4ᖺ㸦ᖺ1ᅇ ࡢ⏝࡛⣼✚4ᅇ㸧㸪ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ㸦2010ᖺ⏝㛤ጞ㸧࡛ࡣ2ᖺ㸦ᖺ 1 ᅇࡢ⏝࡛⣼✚ 2 ᅇ㸧࡞ࡾ㸪㠀ᖖ▷ࡗࡓ㸬ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩
㏿ᗘࡣ㸪1ᖺ⤒㐣ࡍࡿࡈ1.75ಸ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸬
3㸬IGR⣔ẅཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡍࡿᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧ
㸦1㸧IGR⣔ẅ㸦ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ㸧
ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࠾࠸࡚ẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪ ࢻࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ㓄ヨ㦂ࡼࡗ࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻ
ᑐࡍࡿLC50್ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ595ppm㸪4.46ppmࡢᢠᛶ⣔⤫ឤཷᛶ⣔⤫ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㓄ヨ 㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᮏ✀ࡢࢸࣈࣇ࢙ࣀࢪࢻᢠᛶࡣᖖᰁⰍయᛶࡢඃᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ♧
ࡍࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᡠࡋ㓄ヨ㦂ࡼࡾ㸪ᮏᢠᛶࡣ」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ 㓄ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬
㸦2㸧ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅ㸦ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑ࢻཬࡧࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝ㸧
ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟࠾࠸࡚ẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩ࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ 2 ✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ
⣔ẅࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ㓄ヨ㦂ࡼࡗ࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ㸬ࣇࣝ࣋ࣥࢪ࣑
ࢻᑐࡍࡿLC50್ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ129ppm㸪3.26ppmࡢᢠᛶ⣔⤫ឤཷᛶ⣔⤫㸪ྠᵝ
ࢡࣟࣛࣥࢺࣛࢽࣜࣉ࣮ࣟࣝᑐࡋ࡚48.2ppm㸪1.33ppmࡢᢠᛶ⣔⤫ឤཷᛶ⣔⤫ࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓ㓄ヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᮏ✀࠾ࡅࡿ 2 ✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᢠᛶࡣࡶᖖᰁⰍయ ᛶࡢඃᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆ♧ࡍࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᡠࡋ㓄ヨ㦂ࡼࡾ㸪2
✀ࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᢠᛶࡣࡶ」ᩘᅉᏊࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ㓄ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧၀ࡉ
ࢀࡓ㸬
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡀIGR⣔ẅཬࡧࢪ࣑ࢻ⣔ẅᑐࡋ
࡚㧗ᗘᢠᛶࢆⓎ㐩ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿᐇែࢆึࡵ࡚᫂ࡽࡍࡿࡶ㸦➨ 2 ❶ཬࡧ➨ 3
❶㸧㸪ࡑࡢᢠᛶࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࢆึࡵ࡚᫂ࡽࡋࡓ㸦➨ 4 ❶㸧㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓ
ࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟ࡢẅᢠᛶࢆ㸪ᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩
㛵ࡍࡿ㑇ఏⓗ㸪㜵㝖ⓗ㸪⏕≀ⓗせᅉࡢ୕ࡘࡢせᅉࢆ୰ᚰከ㠃ⓗ⪃ᐹࡋࡓ㸬ᮏ✀
ࡢẅᢠᛶࡢⓎ㐩㛵ࡍࡿ㑇ఏⓗせᅉࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ㑇ఏᵝᘧࡸᕪᢠᛶ㸪㜵㝖
ⓗせᅉࡋ࡚ẅࡢฎ⌮⃰ᗘ㸪ḟᐖ㸦ࢳࣕࣁ࣐࢟㸧ࡢᏑᅾ㸪ẅࡢṧຠᮇ㛫㸪 ཬࡧࢳࣕ᱂ᇵࡢ≉Ṧᛶ㸪⏕≀ⓗせᅉࡋ࡚ᮏ✀ࡢᐤ⠊ᅖࡢᗈࡉ➼ࡢྛせᅉࡀ⪃࠼ࡽ
ࢀࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ㸪∾அཎᆅᇦࡢࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ࣐࢟≉᭷ࡢᛴ㏿ࡘ」ྜⓗ࡞ᢠ ᛶⓎ㐩ࡣ㸪ᕼ᭷࡞㑇ఏᵝᘧࡢ㸪ࢳࣕ᱂ᇵࡢ≉Ṧᛶࡸ㧗㢖ᗘࡢẅᩓᕸ࡞ࡀ
」ྜⓗ㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࡣ㸪ࢳࣕࣀࢥ࢝ࢡࣔࣥࣁ
࣐࢟ࡲࡽࡎᐖࡢẅᢠᛶᑐ⟇ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ㔜せ࡞ሗࡋ࡚ᗈࡃά⏝࡛
ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬