英語 ※2019/10/21更新

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(1)2019.10.18一Pe. 早稲田大学 2019年度一般入試商学部. 一一二口. 五日. 英. 2 0 1 9年度. （間. 題） (H31131116). 注意事項. 1 . 試験開始の指示があるまで、問題冊子および解答用紙には手を触れないこと。. 2 . 問題は 2∼ 1 0ページに記載されている。試験中に問題冊子の印刷不鮮明、ページの落丁・乱丁および解答用紙の汚損等に気付いた場合は、手を挙げて監督員に知らせること。. 3 . 解答はすべて HBの黒鉛筆または HBのシャープペンシルで記入すること。. 4 . マーク解答用紙記入上の注意 ( 1 ) 印刷されている受験番号が、自分の受験番号と一致していることを確認したうえで、氏名欄に氏名を. 記入すること。 ( 2 ). マーク欄にははっきりとマークすること。また、訂正する場合は、消しゴムで丁寧に、消し残しがないようによく消すこと。・良い G 悪い心悪いマークする時1 マークを消す時 lo 良い. ο悪い＠悪い. 5 . 記述解答用紙記入上の注意； ( 1）記述解答用紙の所定欄（2カ所）に、氏名および受験番号を正確に丁寧に記入するとと。. ( 2）所定欄以外に受験番号 −氏名を記入した解答用紙は採点の対象外となる場合がある。 ( 3）受験番号の記入にあたっては、次の数字見本にしたがい、読みやすいように、正確に丁寧に記入する. こと。数字見本［. o lrl 2 l 3 l 4 1 s l 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1. ( 4）受験番号は右詰めで記入し、余白が生じる場合でも受験番号の前に「 OJを記入しないこと。. ｜万｜千｜百｜十｜ー｜. （例）. 3 8 2 5 番コ｜. 3. 25. I IsI I I. 6 . 解答はすべて所定の解答欄に記入すること。所定欄以外に何かを記入した解答用紙は採点の対象外となる場合がある。. 7 . 試験終了の指示が出たら、すぐに解答をやめ、筆記用具を置き解答用紙を裏返しにすること。 8 . いかなる場合でも、解答用紙は必ず提出すること。.

(2) ｜次の会話文を読み，下記の設問に答えよ。 CindyαndP e t eαr ef 1 匂n d s .Theyrun i n t oe αcho t h e rO花 t h es t r e e t . Cindy: H i ,P e t e ! Ihaven’ tseenyouaroundl a t e l y .Howhaveyoubeen? Pete: A c t u a l l y ,Iwasi nt h eh o s p i t a ll a s tmonth. ’ m soηyt oheart h a t .Nothings e r i o u s ,Ihop巴， Cindy: Oh,d e a r !I. Pete: I twasmores t u p i dthans e r i o u s .Iwasp l a y i n gf f i t i m a t eF r i s b e eandwhenIjumpedt o makea c a t c h ,Ilandedf u n n y . Ihadt ohaves u r g e r yonmyk n e e . Cindy: Thatsoundst e r r i b l e .( Pete: (. 2. 1. )Iwouldhavev i s i t e dyoui nt h eh o s p i t a l .. ’ tsayi t was funbut a t )A c t u a l l y , theykept me p r e t t ybusywith r e h a b .S o , Ican. ’ tspendingal o to ftimeboredi nmyh o s p i t a lb e d . l e a s tIwasn Cindy: Whend i dyoug e to u t ?. ’ m walkingaroundnormallynow, a l t h o u g ht h ed o c t o rwarnsmet owaita few Pete: Twoweeks a g o .I moreweeksb e f o r ep l a y i n gF r i s b e ea g a i n . Cindy: (. 3. ’ twantt oo v e r d oi t . )Youd e f i n i t e l ydon. thaveyoubeenupt o ? Pete: Enoughaboutme！羽市a Cindy: W e l l , Ithinkt h el a s ttimewespokeIt o l dyouIwas a p p l y i n gf o ra film-makingi n t e r n s h i pi n V e n i c e . 官m ember.Didt h a tworko u t ? Pete: Y e s ,Ir. （イ）. Cindy: W e l l ,n o ,butIg o tano f f e rf o rani n t e r n s h i pherei ntowntha もi sr i g h tupmya l l e y . 同. Pete: Soi tturnedo u ta l lf o rt h eb e s t .(. Cindy: Nextweekw山 g o i n g回 be品川ngsomef o o t a g eo fab a s e b a l lgame a tt h eu n i v e r s i t y ( A J 記主主ょうどそこでの会合に行く途中だった。 Pete: That ' ss oc o o l ! Maybe i nt h ef u t u r e you canmake a documentary about f f i t i m a t eF r i s b e e and f i l mme! Cindy: (. 5. ’ skeepi nt o u c h . )Thatwouldc e r t a i n l ybef u n !Anyway,I ' v eg o tt or u n .Let 川. Pete: Suret h i n g ,C i n d y !B y e !. ( O r i g i n a lt e x t ) 設問 1.空所（1）∼ （5）を埋めるのにもっとも適当なものを（a） ∼ （j）からそれぞれ一つ選び，マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。ただし，各選択肢は一度しか使えない。. (a) Didyouheart h enews? (b) Howd o e st h a tsound? 也市 b eb e t t e r . (c) Ic o u l. ’ twantt ot r o u b l ey o u . (d) Idon. ’ mr e a l l yhappyf o ry o u . (e) I (f) IwishI ' dknown. ’ sn i c eo fyou印 s a y . (g) That. (h) Thatsoundsl i k egooda d v i c e .. ’ swhatIh e a r d . (i) That (j) Whoknows?. 一一一. 2 一一一.

(3) ∼ （ d）からそれぞれ一つ選ぴ，マ←ク解答用紙の所定楠設問 2. T線部（イ） ∼ （ハ）の意味にもっとも近いものを（a）にマークせよ n （イ）. J. ノ. ，。、︵、 ‘. （口）. (c) Didyouf i n i s hi t ?. (b) Didt h i n g sgow e l l ? (d) Di つ d youworkhard. ’ tr e q u i r et r a v e l (a) t h a tdoesn. (b) t h a t ’ snearmyhome. (c) t h a ts u i t smew e l l (a) Let ’ sh o l do f foni t .. (d) t h a tw i l ll e a dt o agoodj o b (b) L e t 'sremainc a u t i o u s .. (a) Didt h a tf a l lt h r o u g h ?. (C ). ’ ss t a yi nc o n t a c t. Let. (d) L et ’ ss t i c ki to u t .. 設問 3 . ト線部（A）を1 0 語以内で英語に直し，記述解答用紙の所定楠に書け。ただし，最後の語は与えられている。. I 次の英文を読み，. 下記の設問に答えよ。. ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. ：. 唱 A 3 2 ιL L t 5 2 2 1 iJ一 id− t − tJ 一. 3.

(4) ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. ( AdaptedfromTheNewY orkT i m e s ,August3 0 , 2018) 設問 1 次の 1 .∼4 .について，本文の内容にもっとも合うものをほ）∼ （d）からそれぞ、れ一つ選び，マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。 1. Basedont h i sa r t i c l e ,whicho fthef o l l o w i n gs t a t e m e n t si st r u e ?. (a)Companiesi nGermanyabuset h e i remployeesbyf o r c i n gthemt oworka thome ont h e i r m o b i l ed e v i c e s . (b)Death from overwork i ss t i l l a common o c c u r r e n c ei nt h ec o r p o r a t e world and some governmentshavel a r g e l yi g n o r e dt h ep r o b l e m . (c)Examples i nGermany, France andJapan demonstrate t h a tmodernt e c h n o l o g yhas made c h i e v ethani nt h ep a s t . w o r k l i f eb a l a n c ee a s i e r旬 a (d)Today, while many companies t r yt o improve t h e i r working c o n d i t i o n s , examples o f overworkp e r s i s t . 2.Which o ft h ef o l l o w i n gs t a t e m e n t sa c c u r a t e l yd e s c r i b e s measures taken i n Germany t o help employeesmaintaina w o r k l i f eb a l a n c e ? (a)A p r i v a t ecompanymadei ti m p o s s i b l et ousew o r k r e l a t e demaile x c e p tduringe s t a b l i s h e d b u s i n e s sh o u r s . (b)E f f o r t s have been made i n both p r i v a t e and p u b l i cs e c t o r st ol i m i tt h e use o f email 妊i c eh o u r s . duringo 巴 o fc o r p o r a t e email was undertaken by t h e German (c)The f i r s ta c t i o nt or e s t r i c t the us. governm 巴n tt obef o l l o w e dtwoy e a r sl a t e rbyap r i v a t ecompany. (d)The government and t h ep r i v a t es e c t o r have been c o o p e r a t i n gt o pass laws r e q u i r i n g 釘， employerst ouset h e i rb e s tjudgmentwhensendingemailt os t a. 3 . Ther e s u l t so fthestudyundertakenbyt h eU n i v e r s i t yo ftheWesto fEnglandshowt h a t (a)a c o n s i d e r a b l em i n o r i t yo ft r a v e l e r s between Aylesbury and London are engaged m p e r s o n a lcommunicationwhileont h et r a i n . (b)approximatelya t h i r do fa l lp a s s e n g e r s ona l o n g e rr o u t et r yt oc a t c hup onworkwhile t r a v e l i n g . (c)manycommutersspendtimeont h et r a i np l a y i n gv i d e ogamess i n c et h er a i lc a r sg e tt o o f e c t i v e l y . busyt odoanywork巴f (d)t h e r ei sap o s i t i v ec o r r e l a t i o n between t h e amount o fwork done on the t r a i n and the timespentg e t t i n gt ot h ed e s t i n a t i o n . 4 . Whati ss os i g n i f i c a n taboutt h ed e c i s i o no ft h eEuropeanl e g a lcommission? (a)I thasa l l o w e dc e r t a i n employeest oc l a i mthetimethey spendg e t t i n gt ot h e i rworkplace andbacka sthetimes p e n ti ntheo 伍c e . t has f o r c e dt h eb u s i n e s s world t o change i t sa t t i t u d e towards t h e use o f new (b) I. t e c h n o l o g i e s . t has made i もm ore d i f f i c u l tf o r the employers t or e q u i r et h e i r workers t o be a tt h e i r (c)I. d i s p o s a la ta l lt i m e s . t has r e s u l t e di n a number o fh i g h p r o f i l el e g a lc a s e s ,n o t a b l yi nF r a n c e ,i n which (d)I. employeesdemandeda d d i t i o n a lp a y .. 一一−. 4 一一一.

(5) 設問 2. 下線部（1 )∼ （ 3）の意味にもっとも近いものを， (a）∼ （d）からそれぞ、れ一つ選びマーク解答附紙の所定欄にマ←クせよ。. (1). (a) b e n e f i t s (C ). (b) d e s i g n a t i o n s (d) r e f e r e n c e s. measures. (2). (a) c r i t i c a l. (3). i n i t i a l (a) u n c e r t a i n. (b) d e c i s i v e (d) p i v o t a l (b) u n i n t e r r u p t e d. (C ). (C ). (d) u n s t a b l e. u n r e s o l v e d. 設問 3 . 空所（イ） ∼ （ニ）を楳めるのにもっとも適当なものを（a）∼ （ d）からそれぞれ一つ選び，マーク解答j 刊紙の所定1 障にマークせよ。. (b) o u t s i d e (b) e n t r e p r e n e u r i a l. (C ). r e g a r d i n g. (d) w i t h i n. （口）. (a) demanding (a) a m b i t i o u s. (C ). p r o d u c t i v e. (d) r e l u c t a n t. （ハ）. (a) a p p e a l. (b) e f f o r t. （ニ）. (a) cannotn e g a t ethef a c tt h a t. (d) s t r a t e g y r a t i o n a l e (b) doesn ’ tmeant h a t (d) o f t e nl e t susf o r g e tt h a t. （イ）. (C). f o r t u n a t e l ys u g g e s t st h a t. (C ). 設問 4 . 本丈のタイトルとしてもっとも適当なものを（ a） ∼ （ d）から一つ選び，マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。. (a)Abuseo fPowerbyLargeC o r p o r a t i o n s :HowSomeCompaniesAreF o r c i n gTheirEmployeest o WorkOvertime (b)MajorChangesLoomingi nE u r o p e : WhyLegalPressureI sF o r c i n gCompaniest oExpandt h e WorkR e s p o n s i b i l i t i e so fT h e i rEmployees (c)NoLonger9t o5 :TheTr a d i t i o n a lD e f i n i t i o no fWorkingHoursMayBeonI t sWayOut (d)S l a v e so ftheI n t e r n e t : TheF r i g h t e n i n gR e a l i t yo fToday ’ sWorkplacei nManyC o u n t r i e s 設問 5 . 下線部（ A）を日本語に訳 L，記述解答用紙の所定欄に書け。. 1 1 1 次の英文を読み. 以 Fの設問に答えよ。. S i n c e World War I I ,t h ea v a i l a b i l i t yo ff o o d per c a p i t ai n the world has i n c r e a s e d by about 40 d e q u a t e l yf e e de v e r y o n e . p e r c e n t .To d a y ,t h e r ei ss u f f i c i e n tf o o di ntheworld加 a モe nR e v o l u t i o ni n t r o d u c e di n the l a t e 1960s i s mainly r e s p o n s i b l ef o r th 日ー The Gre en The Gr. R e v o l u t i o nwast h er i g h ts o l u t i o nf o rthe c h a l l e n g 巴 o ft h a tt i m e :t oq u i c k l yi n c r e a s ef o o dp r o d u c t i o n and p r o d u c t i v i t y based on an i n p u t i n t e n s i v ea g r i c u l t u r e .I t worked. I t saved hundreds o fm i l l i o n s from h u n g e r .Butalmost50yearsl a t e r ,i t sl i m i t shavea l s obecome (. 1. ) .. F i r s t , because hunger s t i l l p e r s i s t s-about 815 m i l l i o n p e o p l e i n the world s u f f e r e d from undernourishmenti n2016 ona d a i l yb a s i s .Thisc l e a r l yshowst h a tth ehungerproblemnowadaysi snot t h el a c ko ff o o d , but a c c e s s i b i l i t yt of o o d . In a d d i t i o n ,t h e world i sa l r e a d yf a c ing an e p i d e m i co f o s e ,more o v e r w e i g h tando b e s i t y . In2 0 1 6 ,morethan1 . 9b i l l i o na d u l t sworldwidewereoverweigh~1_) Ofth than650m i l l i o nwereo b e s e . The second r e a s o nt h a tt h e Green R e v o l u t i o n has r 百a ched i t sl i m i t si s because t h ei n c r e a s em dp r o d u c t i v i t y has come a t a high environmental c o s t . The widespread use o fc h e m i c a l p r o d u c t i o n創 1 f e r t i l i z e r sandp e s t i c i d e shasc o n t r i b u t e dt olandd e g r a d a t i o n ,waterp o l l u t i o n ,andb i o d i v e r s i t yl o s s . I ti stimet oi n n o v a t ea g a i n .T h i st i m e ,i n n o v a t i o nmeansi n c r e a s i n gther e s i l i e n c e ands u s t a i n a b i l i t y o four f o o ds y s t e m s ,e s p e c i a l l y(. 2. )c l i m a t ec h a n g e . We need t o put forward s u s t a i n a b l ef o o d. 四， and c l i m a t e systems t h a to f f e rh e a l t h y ,n u t r i t i o u s and a c c e s s i b l ef o o df o ra l l , ecosystem s e r v i c. 5.

(6) r e s i l i e n c e . Theemergingf i e l do fa g r o e c o l o g ycano f f e rs e v e r a lc o n t r i b u t i o n si nt h i sr e g a r d .. ’ sc o r eelements comprise As a t a i l o r e d combination o fboth s c i e n c e andc u l t u r a lwisdom, a g r o e c o l o g y ( 2 ）一一一一− as t r o n g 巴mphasis on d i v e r s i t y ,s y n e r g i e s ,r e c y c l i n g ,e 妊i c i e n t use o fr e s o u r c e s ,e c o l o g i c a l and s o c i o economic r e s i l i e n c e , the c o c r e a t i o n and s h a r i n go fknowledge, and the l i n k betweenhuman v a l u e s and s u s t a i n a b l el i v e l i h o o d s .I ta l s oi n c l u d e st h er o l eo fc u l t u r ei nf o o dt r a d i t i o n sandtheimportantr o l et h a t ( A)-. r e s p o n s i b l e governance mechanisms-c o v e r i n gi s s u e s ranging 合om d u r a t i o nt ot h e way t h a tp u b l i c s u b s i d i e sa r eused-mustp l a yt os u p p o r tl o n g termi n v e s t m e n t si ns u s t a i n a b i l i t y . Therea r emany (. 3. )o fthe b e n e f i t so fa g r o e c o l o g y . InT r i n i d a d and T o b a g o ,where y e a r so f. sugarcanefarmingl e dt op o o r q u a l i t ys o i l s ,f a m i l yfarmersusedlemong r a s st oc o o lthe g r o u n d , impede e r o s i o n , and crowd out r i v a lw e e d s . This,along with a c l e v e rwater r e c y c l i n gs y s t e m , has turned even ( 3 ）一一一一一一一 modestp l o t si n t op r o s p e r o u sandh i g h y i e l d i n gf r u i tandv e g e t a b l eo p e r a t i o n s . もC h i n a ,farmershave型星空阜e r e dc l e v e re c o s y s t e m s ,b u i l d i n ge l a b o r a t enetworks o fd i t c h e sand I ne a s ( 4 「ーー『一一一 f i s h ponds t o chann e l water and waste i n a way b e n e f i t i n ga l lt h e phases o fa c i r c u l a ra g r i c u l t u r a l. systembasedf o rm i l l e n n i aonproducingl u c r a t i v es i l k w o r m s . 巴c e n ty e a r s , the U.N. Food and A g r i c u l t u r e O r g a n i z a t i o n( FAO) has been promoting and I nr. f a c i l i t a t i n gani n t e r n a t i o n a ldebateonthep o t e n t i a lo fa g r o e c o l o g y . The F i r s tI n t e r n a t i o n a l Symposium on A g r o e c o l o g y was held a t FAO Headquarters i n September 2 0 1 4 , andi twas f o l l o w e d by a s e r i e so fr e g i o n a lmeetings i nL a t i nAmerica, E u r o p e ,A f r i c a , andAsia 目. Governments, c i v i ls o c i e t y ,t h ep r i v a t es e c t o r ,a c a d e m i a , andr e s e a r c hi n s t i t u も i o n shave come t o g e t h e rt o share e x p e r i e n c e s and p o i n t so fview r e g a r d i n gt h eb e n e f i t 日 o fa g r o e c o l o g ya s a new approacht o make a g r i c u l t u r emores u s t a i n a b l eandc o m p a t i b l ewitht h e2030d e v e lopmenta g e n d a . FAO wi l lnowh o s tthe Second I n t e r n a t i o n a l Symposium onA g r o e c o l o g y , whichw i l ltake p l a c efrom A p r i l3t o5 ,2 0 1 8 ,a l s oa tt h e FAO headquarters i n Rome. The aim o f the Second I n t e r n a t i o n a l Symposiumi st oi d e n t i f yneeds andproblems t h a tc o u n t r i e sf a c ei nt h ea d o p t i o n andimplemen t a t i o no f ( 5 ）ー一一一一 a g r o e c o l o g y ,t oe v a l u a t et h e impact o fd e d i c a t e dp u b l i cp o l i c i e s , and t oi d e n t i 令 t h ec a p a c i t y b u i l d i n g needso ft h er e l e v a n ti n s t i t u t i o n s . 巴 o fa g r i c u l t u r e and f o o d systems a r en o t S u s t a i n a b i l i t y and i n n o v a t i o na r e key w o r d s . The f u t u r. i n p u t i n t e n s i v e ,but (. 4. ) i nt e n s i v e .Thisi sanewparad i gm. ( AdaptedfromFoodtank.com). 設問 1 . 次の 1 .∼4 .について，本文の内容に合うものはマーク解答聞紙の Tの欄に，合わないものは Fの欄にマーク. せよ。. 1.I ti snota v a i l a b i l i t yo ff o o dbuta c c e s s i b i l i t yt of o o dt h a tmattersi nt h eworldt o d a y . 2.TheGreenR e v o l u t i o ni sl a r g e l yheldr e s p o n s i b l ef o ra s h o r t a g eo ff o o d . 3 . There a r e many p e o p l e diagnosed with o b e s i t yw h i l et h e r ea r es t i l l problems o fhunger and u n d e r n u t r i t i o n . 4.Theproblemswi ththeGreenR e v o l u t i o ni n c l u d ean e g a t i v eenvironmentali m p a c t . 設問 2 . 空所（1）∼（4）を埋めるのにもっとも適当なものをは）∼（ d）からそれぞれ一つ選び＼マーク解答j 刊紙の所. 定捕にマークせよ。. (2). (a) apparent (a) i nt h ef a c eo f. ( 3). (C) i nt h es e r v i c eo f (a) c o n c r e t eexamples. (1). (C). (4). (b) complex. ob邑c u r e. (d) redundant. (b) i nt h ep u r s u i to f (d) i nthev i c i n i t yo f (b) c o n v i n c i n gg u i d e l i n e s (d) ongoingt r i a l s. i n s t r u c t i v ep r a c t i c e s. (a) c a p i t a l. (C). (b) knowledge. 一一一 6 一一一. (C ). l a b o r. (d) time.

(7) 設問 3 . T線部（1）∼ （5）の意味にもっとも近いものを（. a） ∼ （. d）からそれぞれ一つ選び，マーク解答用紙の所定欄. にマークせよ。 (1). (b) a s e r i o u si n f e c t i o n. (a) am ysterioussymptom. (d) aw idespreado c c u r r e n c e. av a l u a b l etreatment. (C ). (2). (a) custom-made. (b) man-made. (C ). ready-made. (d) s e l f m a d e. (3). (a) b r i n go u t. (b) keepo u t. (C ). l e a v eout. (4). (a) d e v e l o p e d. (b) e mployed. (C ). p r e s e r v e d. (d) p u l lo u t (d) r e s t o r e d. (5). (a) c o n s o l i d a t e. (b) d etermine. (C ). s a t i s f y. (d) undermine. 設問 4 下線部（A）が指し不す］語を本文から抜き出し．記述解答用紙の所定欄に書け。. I V 次の英文を読み，. 下記の設問に答えよ。. The c o n叫 o ro u t s i d eRuby ’ sbedroo m i sc l u t t e r e dwith a p r o f e s s i o n a l g r a d ev i d e o camera, t r i p o d and l i g h t s . Normallythey would be p o i n t e dd i r e c t l ya t her d e s k , but they a r e not needβd f o r the moment becauseshei st a k i n gab r i e fbreakfroms t u d y i n gt ot a l kt ome. o t an agreement with t h ef a m i l yt h a t I can s t o r e the t r i p o dt h e r e , "t h et a y s e e n a g e rs ‘ I ’ ve g 同一一−. 4. s h e e p i s h l ya swet a k e at o u ro fherhome， “butI ' l lg eti nt r o u b l ef o rt h el i g h t s .”. Ruby's f a m i l yd o n ' tq u i t e understandherー “Shei s ab i t we i rd ” ， says her younger s i s t e r , with f u l l s i b l i n gl o v e-butherf a n sd o . Rubyi sa s t a ro fthenew StudyTuberphenomenon, o ne o ft h es t r a n g e s t 凹 ey outhc u l t u r e .Puts i m p l y ,m i l l i o n so fg i r l sl o v et owatchv i d e o so f t oemergefromt h ef r o n t i e ro fo n l i. Rubydoinghomework.AndRubyd o e sal o to fhomework. A l lo ft h eStudyTubersp o s tv i d e o so ft i p sf o ra c h i e v i n gmorei nl i f eo rofthemj u s ts t u d y i n g .I fyou 回g o r y :l i t e r a l l y watchingag i r ls i ta tabooko r a r eove rt h eageo f25youmaybeq u e r y i ngt h el a t t e rc a. l a p t o p ?Y e s ,j u s tt h a t e x c e p tt h a ti ti sb u i l t on the b i l l i o n so fyo 旧1 g men who spend hours o fe v e r y daywatchingo t h e ryoungmenonYouTubep l a y i n gv i d e ogames (. 1. )t hename“ Le t ’ sP l a y . "The. Study With Me ”or " R e v i s e Wit h Me," with the g i r l s Study T u b e r s 'e q u i v a l e n ti n c l u d e sv i d e o sc a l l e d“. 可. k. mT 一. n a r r a t i n gf o o t a g eo fmarathon s t u d y i n gs e s s i o n s . The ya r e academic p e r f o r m e r si n both senses o f出 e 仏）. Rub y.She seems l i k eap e t i t e1 7 y e a r o ld 1 9 t h c e n t u r yh e r o i n e , with a l o v eo f charmingly. v i nt a g eE n g l i s hf a 日h i o n s and phras e s( her s i s t e r makes fun o fher f o r using the word “ harkened ”i n c o n v e r s a t i o n)and a V i c t o r i a nf a m i l y home i n Buckinghamshire. However, when i t comes t os t u d y i n g , Rubyi sanu l t r aendurancea t h l e t e . 凶. The f o o t a g e she and o t h e r s p o s t o f themselves r e c e i v i n g t h e i r r es u l t s f o r secondary s c h o o l s t a n d a r d i s e dexams ( a l lA s t a r s)o rOxfordU n i v e r s i t yp l a c e si sl i k emedaltimea tt h eO l y m p i c s . One o f. ’ smostpopularv i d e o swas aspeed e d-upve r s i o no fh e r s e l fr e v i s i n gf o rhera d v a n c e d le v e lexams f o r Ruby 14hourss o l i di noneday ;i thashadmorethanonem i l l i o nvi e w s .. “ Wesay ‘ ，Ruby, comedownandwatchafilmandrelaxブ sayshermother,Clare, asIchatwitht he f a m i l ya f t e rs c ho o lonee v e n i n g .“ Shedoesn ' twantt o .”C l a r ehast h euni v e r s a lb e w i l d e r 百 dl o o ko fpa 四 n t s o ft e e n a g e r s doing c r a z yf u t u r i s t i cs t u f f , even i fi ti sg e t t i n g paid f o ru p l o a d i n gv i d e o so fthemselves s t a r i n ga tt e x t b o o k s . ，； ’ ＂ Ic ou l 也市 d oi tf o r15 hours i fId i d n’ te n j o yi t .”You mayhave guessedwhatt h e Rubyi n t e r j e c t. （イ）. f o l l o w u pwast oherw i l d l ys u c c e s s f u l1 4 h o ur“ StudyWithMe ”v i d e o . Have ap r o d u c t i v eweek ，＇ ’ i sR u b y ' ss i g n a t u r es i g n o f ft oherweeklyv i d e o s . Is p e n ta Ib e l i e v ehe r .“ week immersed (. 2. )t h e almost e x c l u s i v e l y female s u b c u l t u r eo f Study Tubers and found i t. e xposedj u s thow u n p r o d u c t i v e Iam. The t o pt h r e ea r e Ruby, whose c hannel i sc a l l e d 官 ubyGranger ” ( sheadoptedt h enameGrangeri nt r i b u t e印 herh e r o , HermioneGra ng erfromt h eHarryP o t t e rs t o r i e s). 7.

(8) andhas had 1 1 . 5m i l l i o nview ；日 JadeBowlerfrom“ UnjadedJade”who has had 8 . 6m i l l i o nviews s i n c e R e v i s i o nwithE v e , "whohashad4.5 m i l l i o nv i e w s . launchingl a s ty e a r ; andEveBennettfrom“ They g e tr e c o g n i s e di np u b l i c and some o ft h e i rt e a c h e r s show t h e i rp r o d u c t i v i t yt u t o r i a l st o七 h e i r c l a s s e s . One o fRuby ’ sf a n sr e c r e a t e d her bedroom i nM i n e c r a f t . Their p a r e n t so f t e n appear i n c i d e n t a l l y i nt h e i rv i d e o s ,o b v i o u s l yb a f f l e d(. 3. )whyt h e i r daughters a r ev i d e o i n gthemselves a l l dayl o n g .. O r ,i n d e e d ,whytheya r es t u d y i n gi ns t i n t so f12hourso rmore. Ruby was b u l l i e da tthe s t a r to fher academic d r i v e ; now she “ owns i t , " she s a y s .I n c i d e n t a l l y , the. “morethanpocketmoney”andsheputsi t ,o fc o u r s e ,( revenuestreami s ,w h i l enotmassive，. 4. t h ec o s t so fad e g r e e .“ The e d u c a t i o nsystemi sp r e s s u r i s i n genoughonyoungp e o p l eむ 1 dIdo がも wantも o make i t worse，＇ ’ R uby s a y s， “but on the other hand that pressure almost obliges people t o seek o u t a d v i c eandt i p s .” (Adapted企omTheT i m e s ,March 1 9 , 2018) 設問 1.空所（ 1） ∼ （ 4）を埋めるのにもっとも適当なものを（ a） ∼（d）からそれぞれ一つ選ひ；マーク解答用紙の所. 定欄にマークせよ。. (1). (a) a t. (2) (3). (a) about (a) a st o. (4). (a) a c r o s s. (b) m (b) 1 n (b) becauseo f (b) a t. (C). o v e r. (d) under. (C). 。 f. (d) through. (C). bu 七f o r. (d) i n s t e a do f. (C). by. (d) towards. 設問 2，下線部（ア）と同じ用法のものを（a） ∼ （ d）から一つ選ぴ，マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマ←クせよ。. (a) Iamconvinced 生~ ours t u d e n t sw i l ldoag r e a tj o bc r e a t i n go r i g i n a lt e x t b o o k sf o rc h i l d r e n . (b)Iwouldl i k et oe x p r e s smy s i n c e r eg r a t i t u d et oyouf o rg r a n t i n gthe s c h o l a r s h i pt h a tenabled met ostudyi ntheU . S .l a s ty e a r . (c)"TheSoundo fMusic"i sthef i l mt h a tmanys t u d e n t sc l a i m changedt h e i rl i v e s . (d) Theywere encouraged bythe f a c tt h a tt h e i r performance was evaluatedh i g h l yi nt h el a t e s t r e v i e 可' I . 設問 3 . 次の1 .∼5 について，本文の内容に合うものはマーク解答用紙の Tの欄に，合わないものは Fの欄にマーク. せよ。 1.Ruby d i d no もh ave a v i d e o camera, t r i p o d and l i g h t si n her bedroom while she was being. i n t e r v i e w e dbyt h ea u t h o r .. 2 . Ruby ’ s mother, C l a r e ,i s bewildered because Ruby i s watching “ Study With Me" without her t e a c h e r so rherc l a s s m a t e s .. 3.The f a n so f Study Tubers a r es of a s c i n a t e d with t h e Study Tubers ’performance that some appeari nt h e i rv i d e o sbyc h a n c e .. 4.Theamounto fmoneyRubyearns a s aStudyTub 巴ri snoti n s i g n i f i c a n t‘ 5 According t o Ruby, due t ot h ep r e s s u r efrom t h ee d u c a t i o n systemmany p e o p l e even g i v e up askingf o rh e l p . 設問 4司下線部（イ）と同じ意味を表すものが［ a〕 ∼〔d〕に二つある。そのi Eしい組み合わせを（j） ∼ （i v）から一つ選. び，マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマ←クせよ c. 〔a〕“BecauseIamfondo fdoingi tIcanc o n t i n u ei tf o r1 5h o u r s .” [b〕 “ Icouldn ’ tdoi tf o r 15hours a si twasd i f 五c u l tf o rmet oe n j o yi t . ". 〔c）“I ti spos 白i b l ef o rmet odoi 七f o r15hoursasIf i n di ta 乱” 〔d）“Iwouldbea b l et o do i tf o r1 5hours i fIl i k e di t . " (i）〔a〕and 〔b〕. (i）〔a〕and 〔c〕. (i）〔 b〕and [d〕. ( i v）〔 c〕and 〔d). 一− 8.

(9) 設問 5. ド線部（ A）の意味にもっとも近いものを（. a）一（d）から一つ選び，マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマ←クせよ。. (a) Bothboysandg i r l ss t r i v ef o racademice x c e l l e n c ebys t u d y i n ghardonv i d e o . (b) G i r l swhos t a ri ntheStudyTubersa r ebotht a l e n t e de n t e r t a i n e r sandg i f t e ds t u d e n t s . (c) Thev i d e o shaveahighl e v e lo fbothacademicandentertainmentv a l u e . 日 o fhows t u d e n t scanbothstudyandhavefuna tt h esamet i m e . (d) Thesev i d e o sa r eexample. V. 次の英文を読み下記の設問に答えよ。 Everything we ’ r ei n j e c t i n ga r t i f i c i a li n t e l l i g e n c ei n t o-s e l f 二d r 甘i n gv e h i c l e s ,r o b o td o c t o r s , the s o c i a l -. c r e d i ts c o r e so fmorethanab i l l i o nChinesec i t i z e n s andmore-dependsonadebateabouthowt omake AIdot h i n g si tcan ’ t ,a tp r e s e n t . Whatwas oncemerely an academic c o n c e r n nowhas consequence f o r. ’worthoftalentandinfrastructureand,youknow,thefutureofthehumanr a c e . b i l l i o n so fd o l l a r s That d e b a t e comes down t o(. 1. )t h ec u r r e n t approaches t ob u i l d i n gAI are enough Witha 目. fewtweaksandthea p p l i c a t i o no fenoughb r u t ec o m p u t a t i o n a lf o r c e ,w i l lt h et e c h n o l o g ywehavenowbe i n t e l l i g e n c e，＇ ’ i nt h es e n s eweimaginei te x i s t si nananimalo rahuman? c a p a b l eo ft r u e“ f“ deep l e a r n i n g " an approach t h a t ,s i n c ea On one s i d eo ft h i sd e b a t ea r et h e proponent自 o r i oo fr e s e a r c h e r sa tt h eUniver 邑i t yo fT o r o n t o ,hase x p l o d e di np o p u l a r i t y . landmarkpaperi n2012byat While f a r from the o n l y approach t o a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e , i t has demonstrated a b i l i t i e s beyond. 2. )p r e v i o u sAIt e c h n o l o g yc o u l da c c o m p l i s h .. deep ”i n“ deep l e a r n i n g ' 'r e f e r st o the number o fl a y e r so fa r t i f i c i a l neurons i n a network o f The “ them. As i nt h e i rb i o l o g i c a le q u i v a l e n t s ,a r t i f i c i a l nervous systems with more l a y e r so f neurons a r e c a p a b l eo fmores o p h i s t i c a t e dkindso fl e a r n i n g 目. Tounderstanda r t i f i c i a ln e u r a ln e t w o r k s ,p i c t u r ea buncho fp o i n t si nspacec o n n e c t e dt ooneanother l i k et h eneuronsi nourb r a i n s .A d j u s t i n gthes t r e n g t ho fthec o n n e c t i o n sbetweent h e s ep o i n t si sarough a n a l o gf o rwhathappens when a b r a i nl e a r n s The r e s u l ti san e u r a lw i r i n g diagram, with f a v o r a b l e 目. m a g e . pathwayst od e s i r e dr e s u l t s ,suchasc o r r e c t l yi d e n t i f y i n gむ l i 3. )i t sl i m i t a t i o n s , deep l e a r n i n g powers t h eg o l d s t a n d a r ds o f t w a r ei n image and v o i c e. ts t he d r i v i n gf o r c e behind r e c o g n i t i o n , machine t r a n s l a t i o n and b e a t i n g humans a t board games. I ヲ. ’ s custom AI c h i p s and the AI c l o u d田 r v i c et h a t runs on them, as w e l la s Nvidia C o r p .’ ss e l f G o o g l e d r i v i n gc a rt e c h n o l o g y . hemost i n f l u e n t i a l minds i n AI and former head o fG o o g l e Brain and Baidu Andrew Ng, one o f七 I n c . ' sAI d i v i s i o n , has s a i dt h a twith deepl e a r n i n g , a computer should be a b l et o do anymental t a s k t h a tthe averagehuman can a c c o m p l i s hi na 日econdo rl e s s .N a t u r a l l y ,t h e computer s h o u l dbe a b l et o doi tevenf a s t e rthanahuman. On t h eo t h e rs i d eo ft h i sd e b a t e are r e s e a r c h e r s such a s Gary Marcus, former head o f Uber T e c h n o l o g i e sI n c .’ S AI d i v i s i o n and c u r r e n t l y a New York U n i v e r s i t yp r o f e s s o r , who a r g u e st h a t deep 巴a r n i n gi sw o e f u l l yi n s u f f i c i e n tf o ra c c o m p l i s h i n gt h es o r t so ft h i n g swe ’ vebeenp r o m i s e d .I tc o u l dn e v e r , l. f o ri n s t a n c e , be a b l et o take o v e ra l l white c o l l a rj o b s and l e a d us t oag l o r i o u sf u t u r eo ff u l l y automatedl u x u r ycommunism. g e n e r a li n t e l l i g e n c e ” − whichrequiresthe a b i l i t yt or e a s o n ,l e a r non D r . Marcus s a y st h a tt og e tt o“ one ’ sownandb u i l dmentalmodelso ftheworld-w i l ltakemorethanwhattoday ’ sAIcana c h i e v e .. ” ， says Dr. Marcus. That means To go f u r t h e r with A I , "we need t ot a k ei n s p i r a t i o n from n a t u r e coming up with o t h e r kinds o fa r t i f i c i a ln e u r a ln e t w o r k s , and i n some c a s e sg i v i n g them i n n a t e ,p r e programmedknowledge l i k ethei n s t i n c t st h a ta l ll i v i n gt h i n g sa r ebornwith 目. R e s e a r c h e r sa r ea l s ot r y i n gt og i v e AI t h ea b i l i t yt ob u i l d mental models o fthe w o r l d , something even b a b i e s can a c c o m p l i s h by the end o ft h e i rf i r s ty e a r .(. 4. ) ,while a d e e p l e a r n i n g system. t h a thas seena m i l l i o ns c h o o lbusesmightf a i lt h ef i r s ttimei t ’ s shown one t h a t ’ su p s i d e d o w n , anAI. 一一 9 一一.

(10) witha mental modelo fwhatc o n s t i 七 u t e s abus w h e e l s ,ay e l l o wc h a s s i s ,e t c .一 wouldhavel e s st r o u b l e r e c o g n i z i n gani n v e r t e do n e .. ’ r eg o i n gt ohavet ohandU n t i lwef i g u r eouthowt o makeour Alsmorei n t e l l i g e n tan dr o b u s t ,we c o d ei n t o them a g r e a td e a lo fe x i s t i n g human knowledge, s a y sD r . Marcus. That i s ,al o to ft h e. “ i n t e 1 1 i g e n c e ”m a r t i f i c i a li n t e l l i g e n c e systems l i k es e l f d r i v i n g 邑o f t w a r ei s n ’ ta r t i f i c i a la ta l l . As much a s companiesneedt ot r a i nt h e i rv e h i c l e s onasmanym i l e so fr e a lr o a d sa sp o s s i b l e ,f o rnow,makingt h e s e systemst r u l yc a p a b l ew i l ls t i l lr e q u i r ei n p u t t i n gag r e a td e a lo fl o g i ct h a tr e f l e c t st h ed e c i s i o n smadeby ( A ). th ee n g i n e e r swhob u i l dandt e s tthem.. t r e e tJ o u r n a l ,Au 郡. 1 s t4 ,2018) (A daptedfromTheWallS 米下記（；：：出典を明記しております。. 柱. n e u r a l 神経（系）の. 設問 1.5 9 . 所（ 1）∼（ 4）を埋めるのにもっとも適当なものを（ a）∼（ d）からそれぞれ一つ選ぴ，マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。. (b) how. (C ). (3). (a) a f t e r (a) t h a t (a) D e s p i t e. (b) what (b) Over. (C). Through. (d) Wi も h. (4). (a) Conversely. (b) However. (C). Moreover. (l c) Thus. (1) (2). whether. (c) when. (l c) why (d) whose. 設問 2 次の 1∼4 .について，本文の内容に合うものはマーク解答用紙の Tの欄に，合わないものは Fの欄にマークせよ。. 1.S e l f d r i v i n gv e h i c l e s ,r o b o tdoc も o r s , andthe s o c i a l c r e d i ts c o r e so fmorethan a b i l l i o n Chinese c i t i z e n shavea l lbeenr e a l i z e dthankst oA I . 回 s sarγto d e v i s ea r t i f i c i a ln e u r a l networks 2.To advance A I ,D r . Marcus c l a i m st h a ti ti s ne. whicha r es i m i l a rt ot h ei n s t i n c t st h a ta l ll i v i n gも . h i n g sa r ebornwi も h 3.AnAIwith a mental model o fwhat c o n s t i t u t e s a buswouldr e q u i r e am i l l i o nbus images t o r e c o g n i z eonet h a ti swrongs i d eu p . 4.I ti ss t i l lne 田 s s a r yf o rhumanb e i n g st oi n c o r p o r a t eag r e a td e a lo fl o g i ci n t oAismanuallyi n. o r d e rt omakethemmorei n t e l l i g e n tandr o b u s t . 設問 3 下線部（ A）を日本語に訳し，記述解答用紙の所定楠に書け。設問 4 . 本文のタイトルとしてもっとも適当なものを（ a）∼（ d）から…つ選ぴ＼マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。. (a) CanA r t i 五c i a lI n t e l l i g e n c eEverR e a l i z eHumanDreams? (b) Endeavort oEquipA r t i f i c i a lI n t e l l i g e n c eWiththeA b i l i t yt oLearnFromE x p e r i e n c e (c) ShouldA r t i f i c i a lI n t e l l i g e n c eCopyt h eHumanB r a i n ? DeepLearning ’ (d) TheReasonsWhyA r t i f i c i a lI n t e l l i g e n c eCanNeverAchieve“ 3. 〔以下余白〕. ※ W 巴b公聞にあたり、著作権者の要請により出典追記しております。. 1 0. TheW a l lS t r e e tj o u r n a lb yDowJ o n e s&Co; NewsC o r p o r a t i o nR e p r o d u c e dw i t hp e r m i s s i o no f DOWJONES COMPANYi nt h ef o r m a tE d u c a t i o n a l / I n s t r u c t i o n a lP r o g r a mv i aC o p y r i g h tC l e a r a n c eC e n t e r 目.

(11) 氏. 名. 名. 紙. −所定欄以外に受験喬号・氏名を記入してはならない。記入した解答用紙は際点の対象外となる場合がある。 −受験条号・氏名は左右の高欄に記入すること c −解答はすべて Bの黒鉛毎年または HBのシャープペンシルで所定の解答欄に記入すること。. < 2019H311311 1 6 >. T - 百. J i. . , J 外に受験番号ー氏（注意）田所定椀J 名を記入してはならない。記入した解答用紙は採点の対象外となる場合がある 3. 英. E. 五口一言ロ. 用. ℃ コ. T - 百. 受験番号. 受験番号. 五口. − z − ロ. 記述解. え坑ヂ. 万. 氏. （注意）. 英. < 2 01 9H311311 16>. （この械には解答を舎かないこと）. 設問 3.. 3.. t h e r e．. 一一.. .. . ‘ーー山…一一一. I. I 設問 5.. 5.. i l l. l l l 設問 4.. 4.. V. V 設問 3.. 3 聞.

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