組織開発（OD）とは何か？

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(195) &~I.+ %& !"2$.-CD Table 1. ⃻ઍߩ⚵❱㐿⊒ߦ߅ߌࠆ੺౉ߩ⒳㘃㧔Cummings & Worley, 2005 ࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߡ╩⠪߇૞⴫㧕 1. Human process Interventions㧔ੱ㑆㑐ଥߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߳ߩ੺౉㧕 ⚵❱ᚑຬ㑆䈮↢䈛䉎␠ળ⊛䈭䊒䊨䉶䉴䋨䉮䊚䊠䊆䉬䊷䉲䊢䊮䇮ᗧᕁ᳿ቯ䇮䊥䊷䉻䊷䉲䉾䊒䇮䉫䊦䊷䊒䊶䉻䉟䊅䊚䉾䉪䉴䋩䈮ኻ䈜䉎੺౉䇯. 䉮䊷䉼䊮䉫 Coaching 䋨䊙䊈䊷䉳䊞䊷䉇䉣䉪䉷䉪䊁䉞䊑䈮ኻ䈜䉎䉮䊷䉼䊮䉫䇮䈭䈍䇮਄ม䈻䈱䉮䊷䉼䊮䉫⎇ୃ䈲 training䋩 ⎇ୃ Training 䋨ᦨ䉅䉅ฎ䈇੺౉ᣇᴺ䇮୘ੱ䈱䉴䉨䊦䉇⍮⼂䉕㜞䉄䉎䈢䉄䈱䊃䊧䊷䊆䊮䉫䋩䊒䊨䉶䉴䊶䉮䊮䉰䊦䊁䊷䉲䊢䊮 Process Consultation 䋨䉼䊷䊛䈮ኻ䈜䉎䊒䊨䉶䉴ᡰេ䇮䊒䊨䉶䉴䈮᳇䈨䈒ജ䉕㜞䉄䉎䈢䉄䈱੺౉䋩 ╙ਃ⠪੺౉ Third-party Intervention 䋨໧㗴⸃᳿䉇ขᒁ䇮⺞஗䈭䈬䈱䉋䈉䈮䇮╙ਃ⠪䈏౉䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉎੺౉䋩䊁䉞䊷䊛䊶䊎䊦䊂䉞䊮䉫 Team-Building㩷䋨䉼䊷䊛䈱⺖㗴ㆀⴕ䈫໧㗴⸃᳿䈱⢻ജ䉕㜞䉄䉎䈢䉄䈱⻉ᵴേ䋩 ኻ᳿ળ⼏ Organization Confrontation meeting㩷䋨⚵❱䈱໧㗴䉕ᵞ䈇಴䈚䇮䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䉕ត䉎ળ⼏䈱ታᣉ䋻GE 䈱䊪䊷䉪䉝䉡䊃䋩䉫䊦䊷䊒㑆㑐ଥ Intergroup Relations 䋨⚵❱ౝ䈱⇣䈭䉎䉫䊦䊷䊒㑆䉇ㇱ⟑㑆䈱㑐ଥ䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈱੺౉䋩 ᄢ㓸࿅੺౉ Large-group Interventions 䋨⚵❱䈱䉴䊁䊷䉪䊖䊦䉻䊷㑆䈱ଔ୯䉇ᣇะᕈ䉕᠁䉍ว䉒䈚䈩䈇䈒੺౉䇮Future Search ╬䋩㩷 2. Technostructural Interventions㧔ᛛⴚ࡮᭴ㅧ⊛੺౉㧕 ઀੐䈱ಽ㈩䇮ㇱ⟑㑆䈱⺞ᢛ䇮↢↥䉇䉰䊷䊎䉴䈱↢䉂಴䈚ᣇ䇮઀੐ 䈱ᵹ䉏䈱䊂䉱䉟䊮䇮䈭䈬䈱⚵❱䈱᭴ㅧ䉇ᛛⴚ⊛䈭໧㗴䈮㑐䈜䉎੺౉䇯. ᭴ㅧ䊂䉱䉟䊮 Structural Design㩷䋨䊒䊨䉶䉴䊶䊔䊷䉴䇮䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䊶䊔䊷䉴䈱᭴ㅧ૞䉍䇮ㇱ㐷䉇ㇱ⟑䈱ౣ✬䉅฽䉃䋩䉻䉡䊮䉰䉟䉳䊮䉫 Downsizing㩷䋨䊧䉟䉥䊐䇮䉝䉡䊃䉸䊷䉲䊮䉫╬䈮䉋䉎ੱຬ೥ᷫ䋩䊥䉣䊮䉳䊆䉝䊥䊮䉫 Reengineering㩷䋨઀੐䈱ᵹ䉏䈱ౣ⛔ว䇮ᣢሽ䈱ᬺോ䈱ᵹ䉏䉕⷗⋥䈚䇮ᬺോ䊒䊨䉶䉴䉕ౣ⸳⸘䈜䉎䋩䊌䊤䊧䊦᭴ㅧ Parallel Structures㩷䋨ᬺോ䉇ᄌ㕟䈮㑐䈜䉎䉝䉟䊂䉞䉝䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮䊒䊨䉳䉢䉪䊃ဳ䉼䊷䊛䇮QC 䈭䈬䉕↪䈇䈩⼏⺰䈜䉎䈖䈫䉕ㅢ䈚䈩䇮ᓥᬺຬ㑐ਈ䋨EI䋩䉕㜞䉄䉋䈉䈫䈜䉎੺౉䋩. 㜞㑐ਈ⚵❱ High-Involvement Organizations 䋨⚵❱᭴ㅧ䈱䊐䊤䉾䊃ൻ䇮᳿ቯ䈻䈱ෳട䇮ᖱႎ䈱䉥䊷䊒䊮ൻ䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮EI 䉕㜞䉄䉎੺౉䋩 ✚ว⊛ຠ⾰⚻༡ Total Quality Management 䋨ో␠⊛䈮ታᣉ䈚䇮ᓥᬺຬోຬ䈪⵾ຠ䈱ຠ⾰䉇䉰䊷䊎䉴䈱⾰䉕㜞䉄䉋䈉䈫䈜䉎ᵴേ䋩䊪䊷䉪䊂䉱䉟䊮 Work Design 䋨䉣䊮䉳䊆䉝䊥䊮䉫䊶䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼䇮േᯏ䈨䈔䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼䇮␠ળ䊶ᛛⴚ䉲䉴䊁䊛䊶䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼䈭䈬䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮 ᬺോ䈱઀⚵䉂䉇䊂䉱䉟䊮䉕᭴▽䈚䈩䈇䈒ᣇᴺ䋩. 3. Human Resources Management Interventions㧔ੱ⊛⾗Ḯ▤ℂߦࠃࠆ੺౉㧕 ᦭⢻䈭ੱ䇱䉕⚵❱䈮ᒁ䈐䈧䈔䉎ⷐ࿃䈮㑐ㅪ䇯ᣣᧄ䈪䈱ੱ੐⠨⺖䋨⹏ଔ䉇ႎ㈽䉲䉴䊁䊛䇮᣹છ䇮⢻ജ㐿⊒䇮䉨䊞䊥䉝䊂䉱䉟䊮䋩䈮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎䇯㩷. ⋡ᮡ⸳ቯ Goal Setting㩷䋨᣿⏕䈪᜸ᚢ⊛䈭⋡ᮡ䉕⸳ቯ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉎੺౉䇮⋡ᮡ䈱䊧䊔䊦䈲୘ੱ䊶䉼䊷䊛䊶ㇱ⟑╬䋩 ᬺ❣⹏ଔ Performance Appraisal㩷䋨䊌䊐䉤䊷䊙䊮䉴䉇ᬺ❣䈱⹏ଔᣇᴺ䉇઀⚵䉂䊶೙ᐲ䈻䈱੺౉䋩 ႎ㈽䉲䉴䊁䊛 Reward System㩷䋨⾓㊄䉇᣹ᩰ╬䇮ᓥᬺຬ䈱ḩ⿷䈮㑐ㅪ䈜䉎ⷐ࿃䈻䈱੺౉䋩䉨䊞䊥䉝⸘↹䈫䉨䊞䊥䉝㐿⊒ Career Planning and Development㩷䋨⚵❱ౝᚑຬ䈏዁᧪䈮ኻ䈜䉎䉨䊞䊥䉝䉕⸘↹䈚㐿⊒䈪䈐䉎ᡰេ䋩 ⡯႐䈱ᄙ᭽ᕈ䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃 Managing Workforce Diversity 䋨ᅚᕈ䊶䊙䉟䊉䊥䊁䉞䊶㓚ኂ⠪䈱᭽䇱䈭䊆䊷䉵䈮ኻ䈜䉎ኻᔕ䈫ታ〣䋩 ᓥᬺຬ䈱⑔೑䍃ෘ↢䍃䉴䊃䊧䉴▤ℂ Employee Wellness㩷䋨ᓥᬺຬ䈱䉴䊃䊧䉴䊶䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃䈪䇮♖␹⊛䈫⽷᡽⊛䉴䊃䊧䉴䉕฽䉃䋩 4. Strategic Interventions㧔ࠬ࠻࡜࠹ࠫ࠶ࠢ੺౉㧕 ⅣႺ䋨┹੎⋧ᚻ䋩䈫䈱㑐ㅪ䈪੹ᓟᔅⷐ䈫䈘䉏䉎ᚢ⇛䈮㑐䈜䉎੺౉䇯㩷 ⛔ว⊛䉴䊃䊤䊁䉳䉾䉪ᄌ㕟 Integrated Strategic Change 䋨ⅣႺⷐ࿃䉇ౝ⊛ⷐ࿃䉕ട๧䈚䈢਄䈪䈱ᚢ⇛⸘↹䈫ᶐㅘ䇮䉴䊃䊤䊁䉳䉾䉪䊶䊒䊤䊆䊮䉫䈭䈬䋩. ૬ว䊶ๆ෼ว૬ Mergers and Acquisitions Integration㩷䋨⚵❱䈱ว૬䉇ๆ෼䈮䉋䉎ᣂ䈢䈭⚵❱૞䉍䈻䈱੺౉䋩 ឭ៤ Alliances㩷䋨2 䈧䈱ળ␠䈏ห䈛⋡ᮡ䈮ะ䈎䈦䈩ද௛䈜䉎䇮ឭ៤䈻䈱੺౉䋩䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪 Networks 䋨䋱␠䈪䈲⸃᳿䈪䈐䈭䈇໧㗴䉕 3䌾4 ␠䈪⸃᳿䈚䈩䈇䈒䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈮䉋䉎੺౉䋩 ⚵❱ᢥൻᄌ㕟 Culture Change㩷䋨ᚢ⇛䉇ⅣႺ䈮ㆡಾ䈭⚵❱ౝ䈱ᢥൻ䉕⊒㆐䈘䈞䉎䉅䈱䋩 ⥄Ꮖ䊂䉱䉟䊮ဳ⚵❱ Self-Designing Organizations㩷䋨⚵❱⥄૕䈏䈠䈱ᚢ⇛䈮ะ䈔䈩⥄䉌䉕䊂䉱䉟䊮䈚ታⴕ䈚䈩䈇䈒䉨䊞䊌䉲䊁䉞䉕ഃ䉎੺౉䋩. ⚵❱ቇ⠌䈫⍮⼂䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃 Organization Learning and Knowledge Management㩷䋨ᣂ䈢䈭⍮⼂䈏↢ᚑ䈘䉏䉎⚵❱ቇ⠌䈫䈠䉏䉌䉕↪䈇䉎䊙䊈䉳䊜䊮䊃䋩. ―11―.

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(260) fgh*+,$%! ijklkm Table 4. ⚵❱㐿⊒ߩቯ⟵ߣߘߩⷐ⚛㧔Burke, 1982 એᄖߪ╩⠪ߦࠃࠆ⸶㧕 a. Beckhard㧔1969㧕‫❱⚵ޟ‬㐿⊒ߣߪ‫ో❱⚵ ޔߢ⊛↹⸘ ޔ‬૕ߩ‫▤ߡߞࠃߦࡊ࠶࠻ ޔ‬ℂߐࠇߚ‫ߩ❱⚵ ޔ‬ലᨐᕈߣஜోᕈ . 䋼ℂ⺰䋾䋼ㆊ⒟䋾䋼⋡ᮡ䋾䋼ኻ⽎䋾. ࠍ㜞߼ߡ޿ߊ‫ⴕ ޔ‬േ⑼ቇߩ⍮⼂ࠍ↪޿ߚ‫ߦ̍ࠬ࠮ࡠࡊ̌ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ኻߔࠆ⸘↹⊛ߥ੺౉ߩታ〣ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬ ⴕേ⑼ቇߩ⍮⼂ࠍ↪޿ࠆ ࠻࠶ࡊߦࠃߞߡ▤ℂߐࠇߚ‫౉੺ߥ⊛↹⸘ޔ‬ ⚵❱ߩലᨐᕈߣஜోᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆ ⚵❱ో૕ߩ‫ߦޠࠬ࠮ࡠࡊޟߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ኻߔࠆ. b. Burke㧔1982; ዊᨋ⸶, 1982㧕 ‫❱⚵ޟ‬㐿⊒ߣߪ‫ⴕޔ‬േ⑼ቇߩᛛᴺ‫߮ࠃ߅࠴࡯ࠨ࡝ޔ‬ℂ⺰ࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ‫❱⚵ޔ‬ᢥൻߩߥ߆ߦ⿠ߎߔ‫ޔ‬ 䋼ℂ⺰䋾䋼ㆊ⒟䋾䋼⋡ᮡ䊶ኻ⽎䋾. ⸘↹⊛ߥᄌ㕟ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔⸶ R㧕 ‫ޠ‬ ⴕേ⑼ቇߩᛛᴺ‫߮ࠃ߅࠴࡯ࠨ࡝ޔ‬ℂ⺰ࠍᵴ↪ ⸘↹⊛ߥᄌ㕟ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ ⚵❱ᢥൻߩᄌൻ. c. Vaill㧔1989㧕‫❱⚵ޟ‬㐿⊒ߪ‫⺖߇❱⚵ޔ‬㗴ࠍታⴕߢ߈⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ᚑߢ߈ࠆߎߣߦะߌߡ⊒ዷߒߡ޿ߊ‫ߥ⊛⾰ᧄߩߡోߡߒߘߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ 䋼ㆊ⒟䋾䋼⋡ᮡ䋾䋼ኻ⽎䋾. ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍℂ⸃ߒᡷༀߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⚵❱⊛ߥㆊ⒟ߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠍࠬ࠮ࡠࡊޕ‬ᡷༀߔࠆߚ߼ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ޽ࠆ㧔R㧕 ‫ޠ‬ ᧄ⾰⊛ߥࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍℂ⸃ߒᡷༀߔࠆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ ⚵❱߇⺖㗴ࠍታⴕߒ⋡⊛ࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߎߣߦะߌߡߩ⊒ዷ ᧄ⾰⊛ߥࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ. d. Porrras & Robertson㧔1992㧕‫❱⚵ޟ‬㐿⊒ߪ‫ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ᚑຬߩ઀੐਄ߩⴕേࠍᄌ߃ߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩ⊒㆐ࠍ㜞߼⚵❱. 䋼ℂ⺰䋾䋼ଔ୯䋾䋼ㆊ⒟䋾䋼⋡ᮡ䋾䋼ኻ⽎䋾. ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬࠍᡷༀߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ‫઀ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬੐⁁ᴫ㧔YQTMUGVVKPI㧕ߩ⸘↹⊛ߥᄌൻ ߩߚ߼ߩ‫ⴕޔ‬േ⑼ቇߦၮߠ޿ߚℂ⺰࡮ଔ୯࡮ᣇ⇛࡮ᛛᴺߩ࠮࠶࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔R㧕 ‫ޠ‬ ⴕേ⑼ቇߦၮߠ޿ߚℂ⺰࡮ଔ୯࡮ᣇ⇛࡮ᛛᴺߩ࠮࠶࠻ ⴕേ⑼ቇߩଔ୯ ⸘↹⊛ߥᄌൻ ୘ੱߩ⊒㆐ߣ⚵❱ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬߩᡷༀ ⚵❱ᚑຬߩ઀੐਄ߩⴕേ‫઀ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬੐⁁ᴫ. e. French & Bell㧔1999㧕 ‫❱⚵ޟ‬㐿⊒ߪ‫ޔࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߩ࠻ࡦࡔ࡯ࡢࡄࡦࠛޔࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߩࠣࡦ࠾࡚ࠫࡆߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ቇ⠌ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ‫ޔ‬໧㗴. 䋼ℂ⺰䋾䋼ㆊ⒟䋾䋼⋡ᮡ䋾䋼ኻ⽎䋾㩷. ⸃᳿ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍᡷༀߔࠆߚ߼ߩ‫⚻ޔ‬༡㒯߇ផㅴ߹ߚߪࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆ㐳ᦼ⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺߢ޽ࠆ‫❱⚵ޕ‬ᢥ ൻ㧔․ߦ‫ߢࡓ࡯ࠖ࠹ޔ‬௛ߊᢥൻࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚ㧕ߩ⛮⛯⊛ߢද௛⊛ߥࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠍㅢߓߡታ〣ߐࠇ‫ࡦࠦޔ‬ ࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻㧙ࡈࠔࠪ࡝࠹࡯࠲࡯ᓎഀࠍ↪޿‫ࠍ࠴࡯ࠨ࡝࡮ࡦ࡚ࠪࠢࠕޔ‬฽߼ߚᔕ↪ⴕേ⑼ቇߩℂ⺰߿ᛛᴺ ࠍ↪޿ߡታ〣ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔R㧕 ‫ޠ‬ ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ࡮࡝ࠨ࡯࠴ࠍ฽߼ߚᔕ↪ⴕേ⑼ቇߩℂ⺰߿ᛛᴺࠍ↪޿ߡታ〣 ⚻༡㒯߇ផㅴ߹ߚߪࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߔࠆ㐳ᦼ⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺ‫ߢ⊛⛯⛮ޔ‬ද௛⊛ߥࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ࠍㅢߒߡታ〣‫ޔ‬ 㧔ታ〣ኅߪ㧕ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻㧙ࡈࠔࠪ࡝࠹࡯࠲࡯ᓎഀ ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩᡷༀ‫❱⚵ޔ‬ᢥൻߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ ⚵❱ߩࡆ࡚ࠫ࠾ࡦࠣ㧛ࠛࡦࡄࡢ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻㧛ቇ⠌㧛໧㗴⸃᳿ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ‫❱⚵ޔ‬ᢥൻߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻㩷. f. Cummings & Worley㧔2005㧕‫❱⚵ޟ‬㐿⊒ߪ‫ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ലᨐᕈࠍዉ޿ߡ޿ߊࠬ࠻࡜࠹ࠫ࡯߿᭴ㅧ‫ߥ⊛↹⸘ޔߩࠬ࠮ࡠࡊޔ‬㐿⊒߿ 䋼ℂ⺰䋾䋼⋡ᮡ䋾䋼ㆊ⒟䋾䋼ኻ⽎䋾. ᡷༀ‫ޔ‬ᒝൻߦ‫ⴕޔ‬േ⑼ቇߩ⍮⷗ࠍ૕♽⊛ߦᔕ↪ߒォ឵ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔R㧕 ‫ޠ‬ ⴕേ⑼ቇߩ⍮⷗ߩ૕♽⊛ߥᔕ↪߿ォ឵ ⚵❱ߩലᨐᕈࠍዉ޿ߡ޿ߊࠬ࠻࡜࠹ࠫ࡯㧛᭴ㅧ㧛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ㐿⊒㧔ᡷༀ࡮ᒝൻ㧕 ⸘↹⊛ߥ㐿⊒㧔ᡷༀ࡮ᒝൻ㧕 ࠬ࠻࡜࠹ࠫ࡯‫ޔ‬᭴ㅧ‫ࠬ࠮ࡠࡊޔ‬. g. Burke & Bradford㧔2005㧕 ‫❱⚵ޟ‬㐿⊒ߣߪ‫ ޔ‬ਥߦࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾ࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥଔ୯ⷰ૕♽‫ⴕ ޔ‬േ⑼ቇߩᔕ↪‫࡮ࡦࡊ࡯ࠝ ޔ‬. 䋼ℂ⺰䋾䋼ଔ୯䋾䋼ㆊ⒟䋾䋼⋡ᮡ䋾䋼ኻ⽎䋾 . ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓℂ⺰ߦၮߠ޿ߚ‫ޔ‬ᄖ⊛ⅣႺ࡮ࡒ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ࠬ࠻࡜࠹ࠫ࡯࡮࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ࡮ᢥൻ࡮᭴ㅧ࡮ᖱႎ ߣႎ㈽ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ࡮઀੐ߩᣇ㊎߿ㅴ߼ᣇ‫❱⚵ߩߤߥޔ‬ౝߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᰴర㑆ߩ৻⥌ᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬ ో૕⊛ߥ⚵❱ߩലᨐᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣࠍ߼ߑߒߚ‫ߥ⊛↹⸘ޔ‬ᄌ㕟ߩ૕♽⊛ߥࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔R㧕 ‫ޠ‬ ⴕേ⑼ቇߩᔕ↪‫ࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ࡮ࡦࡊ࡯ࠝޔ‬ℂ⺰ߦၮߠߊ ਥߦࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾ࠬ࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢߥଔ୯ⷰ ⸘↹⊛ߥᄌ㕟ߩ૕♽⊛ߥࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ ో૕⊛ߥ⚵❱ߩലᨐᕈࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣࠍ߼ߑߒߚ ᄖ⊛ⅣႺ‫ޔࡊ࠶ࠪ࡯࠳࡯࡝ޔ࡯ࠫ࠹࡜࠻ࠬޔࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࡒޔ‬ᢥൻ‫ޔ‬᭴ㅧ‫ޔ‬ᖱႎߣႎ㈽ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫઀ޔ‬੐ߩᣇ㊎߿ㅴ߼ᣇ. h. Warrick㧔2005㧕‫❱⚵ޟ‬㐿⊒ߣߪ‫ߩ❱⚵ޔ‬ஜోᕈ‫ޔ‬ലᨐᕈ‫⥄ޔ‬Ꮖ㕟ᣂ⢻ജ㧔UGNHTGPGYKPIECRCDKNKVKGU㧕ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬ ⚵❱ࠍℂ⸃ߒ‫⊒ޔ‬ዷߐߖ‫ޔ‬ᄌ㕟ߒߡ޿ߊ‫ߢ⊛↹⸘ޔ‬ද௛⊛ߥࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ 㧔R㧕 ‫ޠ‬ 䋼ㆊ⒟䋾䋼⋡ᮡ䋾. ⸘↹⊛ߢද௛⊛ߥࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ ⚵❱ߩஜోᕈ‫ޔ‬ലᨐᕈ‫⥄ޔ‬Ꮖ㕟ᣂ⢻ജࠍ㜞߼ࠆ. ―15―.

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