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ロウントリーの都市貧困調査 : 食品化学実験からの出発 : 近代イギリスにおける「効率性」の探求

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(245) ‰^žgŸŸ  ¡ ) ‘¢ £¤^¥_nC¦§)ŸH>qB9qr)¨tVAC. ῌ + A.    !"#$ %&'() *+,-./. 0 12$ 12%&'() *+,-./0 345$ 126 78 *+,-./0 )9:;<=>?@AB9C , W.O. Atwater Foods, Nutritive Value and Cost U.S.Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. ,-. Investigation on the Chemistry and Economy of Food U.S.Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. ,+. Dietary Studies in New York City in +23/ and +230 - [Briggs +30+ : 3ῌ+*] . [Borthwick : BSR3-ῌxῌ1] / [Borthwick : BSR3-ῌxῌ1] 0 [Briggs +30+ : +*] 1 [Borthwick : JR3-ῌVIῌ-] 2 [Borthwick : RῌDTῌCCῌ0] 3 [Borthwick : HIRῌ,ῌ+,ῌa] [Borthwick : HIRῌ,ῌ+,ῌc] +* [Borthwick : HIRῌ,ῌ+,ῌa] [Borthwick : HIRῌ,ῌ+,ῌc] ++ [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+,] +, [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+-] +- [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+/] +. [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+/] +/ [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+/] +0 [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+/] +1 [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+/].

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(247)  :   . --. +2 [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ1] +3 [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+,] ,* [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+,] ,+ [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ1] ,, [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ.] ,- [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ2] ,. [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ1] ,/ [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ2] ,0 [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ2] ,1 [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ3] ,2 [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ3] ,3 [Borthwick : HIRῌ1bῌ+*] -* [Borthwick : RῌDTῌCCῌ0] -+ [Borthwick : RῌDTῌCCῌ0][Borthwick : R&Co.3-ῌXῌ+*ῌa][Briggs +30+ : +1] -, [Briggs +30+ : +-] -- [Briggs +30+ : +-] -. [Briggs +30+ : +/] -/ [Borthwick : RῌDTῌCCῌ0] -0 [Borthwick : R&Co.3-ῌXῌ2]. ῎῍῏ῌ Briggs, Asa, +30+, A Study of the Work of Seebohm Rowntree : +21+ῌ+3/., Longmans. Cole, M., Beatrice Webb, Longmans, Green & Co., +3./. " #$%ῌ& ' (. )*+,- ./01 23 456789 +32, :! Emy, H.V., +31-, Liberals, radicals, and social politics, +23,ῌ+3+., Cambridge University Press. French, David, +33/, The Strategy of the Loyd George, +3+0ῌ+3+2, Oxford : Claredon Press Hampson, Martin, ,**+, Bournville and Weoley Castle, Tempus Publishing Limited. Hardy, D., +33*, “The Garden City Tradition Re-examined, Report of the Fourth International Planning History Conference, Bournville, the UK”, Area, ,, + . Hardy, D., +33+, From Garden Cities to New Towns : Compaigning for Town and Country Planning, +233ῌ+3.0, E. & F. N. Spon. Hare, William Loftus, +3-/, New Earswick : The work of the Joseph Rowntree Village.

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(249)   . -.. Trust, Town & Country Planning, vol. -, No. +* : .0ῌ//. Harris, Jose, +311, William Beveridge : a biography, Clarendon Press.  !"#$%ῌ&'(#) *+,- . / 0 . +33/ 1 / +331 1. 0 +333 1 2345678 Harrison, Royden, ,***, The Life and Times of Sidney and Beatrice Webb : +2/2ῌ+3*/ 9:. !;<=>+,-?@A BCD'(EF ,**/ 1 .. Hay, J.R., +31/, The origins of the liberal welfare reforms, +3*0ῌ+3+., Macmillan. Hills, John, +33., Beveridge and Social Security : an International Retrospective, Oxford University Press. Hobhouse, L.T., +3++. Liberalism, London : Oxford University Press. G<H! . IJKLMNO  PQRST. JKLMUVWXY+Z[I\]. ^E_ ,*+* 1 Howard, Ebenezer, +232, Toῌmorrow : A peaceful path to Real Reform, London : Swann Sonnenschein & Co. Ltd. Howard, Ebenezer, +3*,, Garden Cities of Toῌmorrow, London : Swann Sonnenschein & Co.Ltd. `&CabῌHcbd efg  h3+ijkl mn78 +302 1 Morgan, Kenneth, +31+, The Age of Loyd George, London : Allen and Unwin. Morgan, Kenneth O., +31., Lloyd George, London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Pugh, Martin, +322, Loyd George, London : Longman Rowntree, B.S., +3*+, Poverty : A Study of Town Life, Macmillan. Rowntree, B.S., +3,+, The Human Factor in Business, Longmans. Rowntree, B.S., +3.+, Poverty and Progress : A Second Social Survey of York, Longmans. Rowntree, B.S., +3/+. Poverty and the Welfare State : A third Social Survey of York dealing only with economic questions, Longmans. Thane, Patricia, +330, Foundation of the Welfare State ,nd Edition , London and New York : Longman. o)

(250) ῌpqr stuvῌstwT  qx# U. VWX+y BCD'(EF ,*** 1 Vaughan, A., & Jordan, P., ,**., George Cadbury and Bournville.The Freinds of Bournville Carillon. Vernon, Anne, +3/2, A Quaker Business Man, The Life of Joseph Rowntree +2-0ῌ+3,/, George Allen & Unwin Ltd. '(bzr {|}= ~€‚   ƒb„. ῌ†!r

(251) #b+,- ‡ˆ ,**0 1 Wren, Daniel A., +33., The Evolution of Management Thought, New York : Wiley. Wrigley, Chris, +33,, Loyd George, Oxford : Blackwell.

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