整合性の評価と補正
著者
野田 容助
権利
Copyrights 日本貿易振興機構（ジェトロ）アジア
経済研究所 / Institute of Developing
Economies, Japan External Trade Organization
(IDE-JETRO) http://www.ide.go.jp
シリーズタイトル
アジア経済研究所統計資料シリーズ
シリーズ番号
93
雑誌名
貿易指数と貿易構造の変化
ページ
19-44
発行年
2009
出版者
日本貿易振興機構アジア経済研究所/Institute of
Developing Economies (IDE-JETRO)
URL
http://hdl.handle.net/2344/00008905
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╙䋱ㇱ㩷
Part 1
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1 ┨
UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߣᱜ
㊁↰ኈഥ
ߪߓߦ
UN ⛔⸘ዪ㧔International Trade Statistics Section, UN Statistics Division㧕✬㓸ߦࠃࠆ UN Comtrade ⾏ ᤃ࠺࠲ߪຠಽ㘃ߦߟߡ㓏ጀ⊛ߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ ߔߴߡߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍࠎߢࠆ߇ޔਅ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ࠍว⸘ߒߡ߽ᔅߕ ߒ߽ኻᔕߔࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߦ ৻⥌ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥߚޔ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩᢛวᕈ ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ߇ࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆޕ㊁ ↰ᷓየ㧔2005㧕ߪ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔ߅ࠃ߮ᱜߦߟߡߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ ⠨߃ߣߒߡޔຠ✚㗵ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ࠍၮḰߣߒߡ 㓏ጀ⊛ߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩຠಽ㘃ߩ ․ᓽࠍᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦၮߠߊขᒁ㗵ߣ߁ ┙႐߆ࠄᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߩߺߥࠄߕߘߩᢛวᕈߩᰳ ᅤߒߡࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩᱜᣇᴺߦߟߡ⚫ߒ ߡࠆޕ ᧄ┨ߪ㊁↰ᷓየ㧔2005㧕ߩᡷ⸓ ߢࠅޔ⾏ ᤃ࠺࠲ߩຠಽ㘃ߦ߅ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߩขᒁ㗵ߩᢛวᕈࠍ␜⊛ߦ␜ߔߣߣ߽ߦޔSITC ߩၮᧄ㗄⋡ޔขᒁ㗵ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ⚦ಽ㘃ߢࠆ
mdccಽ㘃㧔the most detailed classification code: mdcc㧕ޔ
ᱜߐࠇߚmdccಽ㘃ߢ✬㓸ߐࠇߚ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩߘ ࠇߘࠇᚑߔࠆᣇᴺࠍ␜ߒߡࠆޕ⋧ᚻ࿖ߣຠ ಽ㘃ߩᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦߟ ߡߪmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߩว⸘ߪຠ✚㗵ߦ ৻⥌ߔࠆ߇ޔᔅߕߒ߽㓏ጀ⊛ߥ᭴ㅧߦߪߥߞߡ ߥߣ߁ᕈ⾰ࠍᜬߞߡࠆޕUN Comtrade⾏ᤃ࠺ ࠲ߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߅ࠃ߮mdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߦ߽ߣߠߊขᒁ㗵ߩ⹏ଔߦߟߡߪޔ㊁↰ᷓ የ㧔2005㧕ࠍޔ㊁↰㧔2001㧕ޔ㊁↰㧔2003ߦ ࠃࠅߎࠇ߹ߢߚ߮ߚ߮ᬌ⸛ߒߡ߈ߡࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ ߘߎߢߪߘࠇߙࠇߩຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡߩ ♽ࠍᔨ⊛ߦ⺑ߒߡߪࠆ߇ᱜ⏕ߦቯᑼൻߒߡ ߪߥޕᧄ┨ߢߪᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ޔmdccಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼╬ߦߟߡߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼♽ࠍቯᑼൻߒ ߡౕࠍߍߡ␜ߒߡࠆޕຠಽ㘃ߦ㑐ߒߡ ߪᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡߥ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩᱜߦ ߟߡޔ㊁↰ᷓየ㧔2005㧕ߪߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍ↪ߒߡᢛวᕈࠍ㜞ࠆߎߣࠍឭ᩺ߒ ߡࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔᧄ┨ߢߪหߓᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߦᱜ㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߒߡᢛวᕈࠍ⸽ߔࠆᣇᴺ ࠍណ↪ߒߡࠆޕ ᧄ┨ߪUN Comtrade⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆຠಽ 㘃ߩ․ᓽޔ⚦ಽ㘃ߣߒߡߩmdcc ಽ㘃ޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ ߇ᱜߐࠇߡࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦኻߔࠆຠಽ㘃ߦ ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔޔຠಽ㘃ߩਇᢛวߦ߅ߌࠆ ᱜޔ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕ
1㧚⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼
ᧄ┨ߢኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߪUN ߩᚑߦࠃ ࠆon-lineᬌ⚝ߦࠃࠅᓧࠄࠇࠆUN Comtrade⾏ᤃ࠺ ࠲ߢࠆޕߎߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߪ7 ߟߩಽ㘃ࠞ࠹ࠧ ߣ3 ߟߩ⛔⸘୯߇ሽߔࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔಽ㘃ࠞ࠹ࠧߪႎ๔࿖㧔reporter code: rc㧕ޔᐕ㧔y㧕ޔ ャಽ㧔trade flow code ߹ߚߪ direction of
trade: d㧕ޔຠಽ㘃♽㧔classification ߹ߚߪsystem of commodity classification: sc㧕ޔຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ 㧔commodity code: c㧕ޔ⋧ᚻ࿖㧔partner code: pc㧕ޔ ᢙ㊂න㧔quantity unit: qu㧕߇ࠅޔߘߩಽ㘃ࠞ࠹
ࠧߏߣߦ⛔⸘୯ߢࠆขᒁ㗵㧔value: v㧕ޔkg
ࠍනߣߔࠆ㊀㊂␜ߩᢙ㊂㧔netweight quantity based on kg: qw㧕ޔᢙ㊂㧔supplenmentary quantity: q㧕 ߢࠆޕ
UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߢ↪ߐࠇࠆ⾏ᤃຠ
ಽ㘃♽ߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ2 ⒳㘃ሽߒޔUN ᚑߩᮡ
Ḱ࿖㓙ຠ⾏ᤃಽ㘃㧔Standard International Trade Classification: SITC㧕ߣ㑐⒢දജℂળ㧔Customs Co-operation Council㧕߇ᚑߔࠆ࿖㓙⛔৻ຠಽ 㘃ࠆߪ⛔৻ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧔Harmonized Commodity Description and Cording System: HS㧕ߢࠆޕSITC ߩຠಽ㘃♽ߪSITC-Original㧔SITC-O㧕ࠍೋ ߣߒߡޔSITC ᡷ⸓ 㧔SITC-Revision㧕ࠆߪᡷ ⸓╙1 㧔SITC-R1㧕ޔSITC ᡷ⸓╙2 㧔SITC-R2㧕ޔ SITC ᡷ⸓╙ 3 㧔SITC-R3㧕ߣᦨᣂ ߩ SITC ᡷ
⸓╙4 㧔SITC-R4㧕߇ߘࠇߙࠇᡷ⸓ ߣߒߡሽ ߒޔຠ✚㗵ߩ߽ߣߦ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ ࠄ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߹ߢߩ㓏ጀ⊛ߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇ ࠆຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍࠎߢࠆޕSITC ♽ߩຠ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪߔߴߡߩຠࠍࠊߔTOTALޔ1 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢࠆᄢಽ㘃㧔Section㧕ޔ2 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩਛಽ㘃㧔Division㧕ޔ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩዊಽ㘃㧔Group㧕ޔ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩ⚦ಽ㘃㧔Sub-group㧕߇ࠅޔߐࠄߦ⚦ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߒߡߩ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ 5 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍၮᧄ㗄⋡㧔ࠕࠗ࠹ࡓ㧦Itemޔ ߹ߚߪBasic Heading㧕߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕ 4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩਛߢߐࠄߦ⚦ߥౝ⸶ ߇น⢻ߥ߽ߩߦߟߡߩߺ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߇ሽߔࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߪઁߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߪ᭴ᚑ߇⇣ߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔ㓏ጀ ᭴ㅧߦߥߞߡߥߎߣߦᵈᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ၮᧄ㗄⋡ߦ߅ߡ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪਅ ࡌ࡞ߩ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ሽߒߥ߽ߩ߇ ኻ⽎ߦߥߞߡࠆޕߘࠇߙࠇߩᡷ⸓ ߦࠃࠅห৻ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߞߡ߽ౝኈ߇⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩ߇ሽߒ ߡࠆ߇ޔಽ㘃♽ޔ㓏ጀ߅ࠃ߮ᩴࡌ࡞ߩ᭴ᚑ ߪห৻ᒻᑼߢࠆޕ HS ߦ߅ߌࠆຠಽ㘃♽ߪ HS1988 ᐕᐲ ߩ Original㧔HS-O㧕ࠍೋߣߒߡޔHS1996 ᐕᐲ ࠆߪᡷ⸓╙1 㧔HS-R1㧕ޔHS2002 ᐕᐲ ࠆ ߪᡷ⸓╙2 㧔HS-R2㧕ߣᦨᣂ ߩ HS2007 ᐕ ᐲ ࠆߪᡷ⸓╙3 㧔HS-R3㧕ߣߥࠆฦᡷ⸓ ߇ሽߔࠆޕHS ♽ߩຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪ 2 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢࠆ㘃㧔Chapter㧕ޔ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㗄㧔Heading㧕ޔ6 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩภ㧔Sub-heading㧕ߩઁޔChapter ࠍಽഀߒߡᓧ ࠄࠇࠆᦨࡌ࡞ߩㇱ㧔Section㧕߇ሽߔࠆޕ 1.1 UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩขᒁ㗵 UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦߪຠಽ㘃ߦ㑐ߒߡ 㓏ጀ᭴ㅧࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆߘࠇߙࠇߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߩ࠺࠲߇ሽߔࠆޕk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆຠಽ㘃ߩ㓸߹ࠅࠍޔ )} ( , ), ( { ) (k c1 k c ( ) k C mk ߢࠊߒޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ࠍ } , , , {World p1 pn P ߣߔࠆޕߎߎߢޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ ⇇ࠍWorld ߢࠊߒޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩᢙࠍ nޔk ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙࠍm(k)ߣߒߡࠆޕ߹ߚޔ 0 ) 0 ( m ߣߔࠆޕຠಽ㘃߇ SITC ߩߣ߈ߪޔ 5 , , 1 k ߢࠅޔHS ߩߣ߈ߪk 2,4,6ߢࠆޕ ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߣߒߡᓧࠄࠇࠆขᒁ㗵ߪႎ๔࿖ޔᐕޔ ャಽߏߣߦޔk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߐ ࠇߚຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ci(k) ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ pj ࠍޔ ) ( ) (k C k ci ߣpjPߦኻߒߡޔ (1-1) vrc,d,y(ci(k),pj) ߣࠊߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕႎ๔࿖ޔᐕޔャಽޔ k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍ࿕ቯߒߡᷙੂ߇ήߣ߈ ߦߪ◲නߦޔv(ci(k),j)ࠆߪv( jc, )ߣߔߎ ߣߦߔࠆޕຠಽ㘃ߦߟߡຠ✚㗵ߩTotal ࠍ T ߢࠊߒޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⇇ࠍWorld ࠍ W ߢࠊߔߎ ߣߦߔࠇ߫ޔv( WT, )ߪຠ✚㗵ߢࠅหᤨߦ⋧
ᚻ࿖⇇ߩขᒁ㗵ߢࠆޕ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߡຠಽ㘃ߪ ຠ✚㗵ߣߔߴߡߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍࠎߢ ߡ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧࠍᒻᚑߒߡࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦ ߟߡߪ⇇ว⸘ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩߺ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇޔ ၞว⸘߿⚻ᷣࡉࡠ࠶ࠢ⸘ߩࠃ߁ߥࡌ࡞ߩ ಽ㘃ߪሽߖߕ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧߪ߹ࠇߡߥߎߣߦ ᵈᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍᗐቯߒߚߔߴߡߩᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ3 ࠞ࿖ࠍ⋧ᚻ࿖ߣߔࠆขᒁ㗵 ߇ 1 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕߎߩߪຠಽ㘃ߩ SITC-R1ࠍ◲⚛ൻߒߡ0߆ࠄ0240߹ߢߒ߆ሽߒ ߥߣቯߒޔ৻ㇱࠍୃᱜߒߡᚑߐࠇߚขᒁ㗵 ߢࠆޕߘߩߚޔಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪᔅߕߒ߽ SITC-R1 ߣߪ৻⥌ߒߡߥޕຠಽ㘃ߪᢛวᕈ ߇⸽ߐࠇߡߥ⁁ᘒࠍቯߒߡ߅ࠅޔਅ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ࠍว⸘ߒߡ߽ࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ৻⥌ߒߡߥ߽ߩ߇ሽߔࠆߎߣ ߦ߽ᵈᗧߔࠆߎߣޕߎߩߢߪ․ߦ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ0121ߣ0129ߦߪขᒁ㗵߇ሽߖߕߦޔ 3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 012 ߦߩߺขᒁ㗵߇ሽ ߔࠆߣቯߐࠇߡࠆޕ1 ߦ߅ߡಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߦᓇࠍઃߌߡ␜ߐࠇߡࠆ m ߇ઃߡಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߪ╙4 ▵ߢ⺑ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔຠಽ㘃ߩᢛวᕈ ࠍ⸽ߔࠆߚߩᱜ㗄⋡ߢࠆޕ◲නൻߔࠆߚ ߦ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦߟߡߪ3 ࠞ࿖ߣߒߡขᒁ㗵ߪߔߴ ߡห৻ߣߒߡޔߒ߆߽⋧ᚻ࿖ߦߪ⺋Ꮕߪሽߒߥ ߣቯߒߡࠆޕหߦ߅ߌࠆError of P ߪ╙ 3 ▵ߦߡ⺑ߔࠆޕ ታ㓙ߦᓧࠄࠇࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߪᓇߩㇱಽࠍขࠅ㒰 ߚᢛวᕈߩᰳᅤߒߚ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߢࠆޕขᒁ㗵 ߩනࠍ US$ߣߔࠇ߫ޔຠ✚㗵v( WT, ) ߪ 48US$ߢࠆޕ৻⥸⊛ߦߪᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵ߩว⸘ߪຠ✚㗵ߦߪᔅߕߒ߽৻⥌ ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥޕ1 ߦ߅ߡታ㓙ߦᓧࠄࠇߚ ߎߣࠍᗐቯߒߚ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ว⸘ࠍ Total㧔k,N㧕ߢࠊߒߡࠆޕ ᱜߐࠇߡߥ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߪN ߢޔmdcc ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ߪmdcc ߣࠊߐࠇࠆޕหߢߪ 2 ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼એߢߪ৻⥌ߒߡߥߎߣࠍ␜ߒ ߡࠆޕᱜߐࠇߚ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍC ߢࠊߒޔߘ ߩ k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ว⸘ߪ Total 㧔k,C㧕ߢࠊߐࠇߡࠆ 1.2 㓏ጀ⊛ߥᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲߽ߚ৻⥸⊛ߥ⾏ᤃ ࠺࠲ߦߪຠಽ㘃ߦ㑐ߒߡ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆ ߘࠇߙࠇߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ሽߔࠆޕຠ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߔߴߡߩ㓸߹ࠅࠍ:ߢߔߎߣߦ ߔࠆޕຠಽ㘃߇SITC ߩฦᡷ⸓ ߩߣ߈ߪޔ:ߩ ⷐ⚛ߪߔߴߡߩຠࠍߔ TOTAL ߣ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧࠍ ᜬߟ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ࠄ 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼߹ߢߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑ ߐࠇޔ: {Total,C(k)k 15}ߣߥࠆޕTotal ߪޔ 4 1 k ߦኻߒߡޔTotal c1(k)cm(k)(k) ߢࠆޕߥ߅ޔ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪઁߩಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ߣߪ᭴ᚑ߇⇣ߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧߦߥߞߡ ߥޕຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼c ߇:ߩⷐ⚛ߢࠆߎߣ ࠍ␜ߔ⼂㑐ᢙࠍ[ ߣߒߡޔc:ߦኻߒߡߪ 1 ) ( c [ ޔc:ߦኻߒߡߪ[( c) 0ߣߔࠆޕߐࠄ ߦޔ0 ߆ࠄ 9 ߹ߢߩ 1 ᩴߩᢙሼߩ㓸߹ࠅࠍޔ } 9 , ,1 , 0 { S A ߣߔࠆޕSITC ฦᡷ⸓ ߩ k ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߪޔk 1 , ,5ߦኻߒߡޔ (1-2) } 1 ) ( ), ) 1 ( ( | { ) ( u Z [ Z Z C k AS k C ߣߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߎߎߢޔC(0) Iߣߒߡ߅ ࠅޔ⸥ภߩC(k1)uASߪC( k 1)ߣA ߩ⋥Ⓧ㓸S วࠍࠊߒߡࠆޕC( k 1)ߦኻߔࠆਅࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߣߒߡߩC(k1)uASߩⷐ⚛ߪ ᔅߕߒ߽ߔߴߡ߇: ߩዻߒߡࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥޕ ߘߩߚޔ㧔1-2㧕ᑼߢߪ[ ࠍ↪ߒߡ: ߦዻߔࠆ ߽ߩߛߌࠍ㒢ቯߒߡࠆޕ ຠಽ㘃߇HS ߩ Original ߅ࠃ߮ฦᡷ⸓ ߩߣ ߈ߪk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩC(k)ࠍޔk 2,4,6ߣ ᄌᦝߔࠆߎߣߢSITC ฦᡷ⸓ ߣหߓࠃ߁ߦ⸥
1 ຠಽ㘃 SITC ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߩขᒁ㗵ߩ ᩴ P 1 2 3 4 5 1 p p2 p3 Error of P World ၮᧄ㗄⋡ N mdccಽ㘃 N C 6QVCN ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤٤ ٤٤ ٤٤ O ٨ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤٤ ٤٤ ٤٤ ٤٤ ٤٤ ٤٤ O ٨ ٤ ٤ ٤ O O ٨ ٨ ٤ ٤ ٤ ٤٤ ٤٤ O ٨ Total㧔1,N㧕 Total㧔2,N㧕 Total㧔3,N㧕 Total㧔4,N㧕 Total㧔mdcc,N㧕 Total㧔1,C㧕 Total㧔2,C㧕 Total㧔3,C㧕 Total㧔4,C㧕 Total㧔mdcc,C㧕 㧔ᚲ㧕⪺⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕ᧄߢߪຠಽ㘃ߩSITC-R1 ࠍၮ␆ߣߒߡಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪ TOTAL ࠍޔ0 ߆ࠄ 0240 ߹ߢߒ߆ሽߒߥߣቯ ߒߡᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕᓇߩㇱಽߪᱜ㗄⋡ߢࠆޕ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦߟߡߪp1߆ࠄp3ߩ3 ࠞ࿖ߢߘࠇࠄߩขᒁ㗵ߪߔߴߡ ห৻ߣߒߡޔߒ߆߽⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋ᏅߪሽߒߥߣቯߒߡࠆޕTotal㧔k,N㧕ߪᱜߐࠇߡߥ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦኻ ߔࠆk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߩ✚㗵ޔTotal㧔k,C㧕ߪᱜᷣߺ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩߘࠇࠍࠊߔޕmdcc ಽ㘃ߩ N ߣ C ߪᱜߥߒ߅ࠃ߮ᱜᷣߺߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍᵃߒߡࠆޕၮᧄ㗄⋡ߣmdcc ಽ㘃ߩ٤ߪኻ⽎ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍᗧߔࠆޕ
ߢ߈ࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߔߴߡߩ 㓸߹ࠅߪޔ: {Total,C(k) k 2,4,6}ߢࠆޕߐ ࠄߦޔ00 ߆ࠄ 99 ߹ߢߩ 2 ᩴߩᢙሼߩ㓸߹ࠅࠍ } 99 , 98 , , 02 , 01 , 00 { " H A ߣ߅ߌ߫ޔHS ߩ k ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߪޔk 2,4,6ߦኻߒߡޔ (1-3) } 1 ) ( ), ) 2 ( ( | { ) ( u Z [ Z Z C k AH k C ߣߥࠆޕ ౕߣߒߡޔ1 ߩຠಽ㘃ߪ SITC ߦḰ ߒߡࠆߩߢ㧔1-2㧕ᑼࠍㆡ↪ߒߡᩴࡌಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩᚑࠍ⹜ߺࠆޕห߆ࠄຠಽ㘃ߪᱜ㗄⋡ એᄖࠍขࠅߒߡ Total ߽ߚߔߴߡߩຠಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍ߆ࠄ㗅⇟ߦ⸥ߔࠇ߫ޔ } 0240 , , 0011 , 001 , 00 , 0 , {Total " : ߣߥࠆޕ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߪ㧔1-2㧕 ᑼߦ߅ߡޔk 1ޔߣ߅ߡᓧࠄࠇࠆޕC(0) I ߥߩߢޔC(1)ߪ㨧0 ̖ 9㨩ߩⷐ⚛ߩਛ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇ ࠆ:ߦዻߔࠆ߽ߩ㓸߹ࠅߢࠅޔ } 0 { } 1 ) ( , | { } 1 ) ( ), ) 0 ( ( | { ) 1 ( u Z [ Z Z Z [ Z Z S S A A C C ߣߥࠆޕC(1)ߪ1 ߩⷐ⚛߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆޕ㨧0㨩 એᄖߩⷐ⚛ߪޔZ{ "1 9}ߢࠅޔZ:ߥߩߢ 0 ) ( Z [ ߣߥࠅޔZC(1)ߣߥࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆޕᰴ ߦޔ2 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߪk 2ߣ߅ߌ ߫ޔ u ) ) 1 ( (C AS (0uAS) {00,01,02,",09} ߥߩߢC(2)ߪޔ } 02 , 01 , 00 { } 1 ) ( ), 0 ( | { ) 2 ( Z Z uAS [ Z C ߣߥࠆޕC(2)ߪ3 ߩⷐ⚛ࠍࠎߢࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ ߆ࠆޕ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪޔ u ) ) 2 ( (C AS {(00uAS)(01uAS) (02uAS)} ߢࠅޔߎߩਛߩⷐ⚛ߦ߅ߡ:ߦዻߔࠆ߽ߩ㓸 ߹ࠅߥߩߢޔ ) 3 ( C {001,011,012,022,023,024} ߣߥࠅޔ6 ߩⷐ⚛ࠍࠎߢࠆޕหߓࠃ߁ߦߒ ߡޔ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅࠍ᳞ࠆߎߣ ߇ ߢ ߈ ޔ C(4) {0011,",0116,0118,0121, } 0240 , " ߣߥࠆޕ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪ } 01189 , 01181 { ) 5 ( C ߣߥࠆޕ೨⠪ߪ13 ޔᓟ⠪ ߪ2 ߩⷐ⚛ࠍߘࠇߙࠇࠎߢࠆޕ 1.3 SITC ߩၮᧄ㗄⋡ SITC ߦ߅ߡ⚦ಽ㘃ߪၮᧄ㗄⋡ߢࠅޔၮᧄ 㗄⋡ߪ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ሽߒߥ 4 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅ ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕၮᧄಽ㘃ߪSITC ߩಽ㘃 ♽ߩᔨߢࠅޔಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦኻᔕߔࠆขᒁ㗵 ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡߥߎߣޔ߹ߚޔᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߦኻߔࠆ㓏ጀ⊛ߥ᭴ㅧߢߪߥߎߣߦᵈᗧߔࠆ ᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩZC(k)ߦ߅ߡޔ k m ߣߥࠆ⥄ὼᢙߩm ߦኻߒߡޔZ ߩ m ᩴࡌ ࡞ ಽ 㘃 ࠦ ࠼ ࠍ ข ࠅ ߔ ߚ ߩ 㑐 ᢙ ࠍ ) ( ) ( C m m Z K ߣߔࠆޕ߃߫ޔ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩ㨧001㨩ߦኻߒߡߪޔK2(001) {00}ߣߥࠆޕ ߹ߚޔKm(I) Iߢࠆޕ 5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ሽߒߥ 4 ᩴࡌ࡞ ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪC(4)\K4(C(5))ߣߒߡᓧࠄࠇޔ5 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪC(5)ߥߩߢޔਔ⠪ߩ㓸วߢ ߐࠇࠆၮᧄ㗄⋡ߪޔ (1-4) {C(4)\K4(C(5))}C(5) ߣߥࠆޕߎߎߢޔ⸥ภߩC(4)\CߪC(4)߆ࠄC ࠍ ขࠅ㒰ߊߎߣࠍᗧߒߡࠆޕ 1 ߩຠಽ㘃ߪSITC-R1 ߦḰߒߡࠆߩߢ ၮᧄ㗄⋡߇ሽߔࠆߚޔ㧔1-4㧕ᑼࠍㆡ↪ߒߡၮ ᧄ㗄⋡ߩᚑࠍ⹜ߺࠆޕຠಽ㘃ߪᱜ㗄⋡એᄖ ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆޕK4(C(5)) {0118}ߥߩߢޔၮᧄ㗄 ⋡ߩC(4)\K4(C(5))ߪC(4)ߩਛ߆ࠄ㨧0118㨩ߩⷐ ⚛ࠍขࠅ㒰ߚ߽ߩߦߥࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔၮᧄ㗄 ⋡ߪC(4)ߦ߅ߌࠆⷐ⚛ߩ㨧0118㨩ࠍC(5)ߩⷐ⚛ ߩ㨧01181,01189㨩ߢ⟎߈឵߃ߚ߽ߩߢࠆޕၮᧄ 㗄⋡ߩߔߴߡߩ↪⚕ߪ1 ߦ߅ߌࠆၮᧄ㗄⋡ߩᰣ ߦ٤ߢ␜ߐࠇޔ12 ߩ 4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ 2
ߩ5ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩว⸘14ߩⷐ⚛߆ࠄ ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆޕ
2㧚⚦ಽ㘃ߣߒߡߩ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼
㓏ጀ⊛ߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚຠಽ㘃ߩᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߣߪߦޔႎ๔࿖ޔャಽޔᐕᲤߩ⾏ᤃ ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߡขᒁ㗵߇0 ߢߥߊޔߒ߆߽ਅᩴ ࡌ࡞ߩ㓏ጀߦዻߒߡࠆಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍᜬߚߥ ޟ⚦ಽ㘃ޠࠦ࠼ࠍࠕࠫࠕ⚻ᷣ⎇ⓥᚲߢߪmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣࠎߢࠆޕຠಽ㘃ߩ⚦ಽ㘃ߣ ߥࠆSITC ฦᡷ⸓ ߩၮᧄ㗄⋡߇ขᒁ㗵ࠍ⠨ᘦߒ ߡߥߩߦኻߒߡޔmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ․ᓽߪ ⚦ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߣ߈ߦขᒁ㗵ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ ࠆߎߣߢࠆޕߒ߆߽ޔᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ⇇ว ⸘ࠍ⋧ᚻ࿖ࠍ࿕ቯߔࠇ߫ᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐ ࠇߡࠆߣ߈ޔmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦኻᔕߔࠆขᒁ㗵 ࠍว⸘ߔࠆߣຠ✚㗵ߦ৻⥌ߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕၮ ᧄ㗄⋡ߢߪᔅߕߒߡߘߩਔ⠪߇৻⥌ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄ ߥޕ UN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߡSITC-R3 ߢߪ 3ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ334,673,676ߪਅᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߥߒߦޔࠆߪਅᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ߣሽߒߡ↪ߐࠇߡࠆߎߣ߇ࠆޕၮ ᧄ㗄⋡ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߡࠆߣߎࠇࠄߩ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ 㘃ࠦ࠼ߩෳᾖߪਇน⢻ߢࠆޕ߹ߚޔ㊁↰㧔2002㧕 ߦ߅ߡޔหߓ⚦ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߪ⸒ߞߡ߽ຠ ಽ㘃߇♽⊛ߦቯ⟵ߐࠇߡࠆၮᧄ㗄⋡ߣታ㓙 ߩಽ㘃ߢࠆmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪᔅߕߒ߽ห৻ߢ ࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥߩߢ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍ↪ߩ㓙ߦߪ ߘߩਔ⠪ࠍᷙหߒߥࠃ߁ߦߣߩᵈᗧ߇ㅀߴࠄࠇ ߡࠆޕ 2.1 mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ຠಽ㘃ࠍSITC ฦᡷ⸓ ߣߒߚߣ߈ޔk ᩴࡌ ࡞߇cߢࠆk1ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅࠍޔ 5 , , 1 " k ߦኻߒߡޔ (2-1) } ) ( ), 1 ( ), ( | { ) ( c k C k C c c D k S Z K Z Z ߣߔࠆޕߎߎߢޔDS(c)C(k1)ߢࠅޔᒰὼ ߩߎߣߢࠆ߇ޔc C(k)ߦኻߒߡKk(DS(c)) c ߢࠆޕ߹ߚޔ㧔2-1㧕ᑼࠍ↪ߔࠇ߫ߔߴߡߩk1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅࠍࠊߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ޔ 4 , , 0 " k ߦኻߒߡޔ (2-2) C(k1) {Z|cC(k),ZDS(c)} ߣߥࠆ 1 ޕߎߎߢޔc C(k)ߣࠊߐࠇߡࠆ cߪC(k)ߦ߹ࠇߡࠆߔߴߡߩⷐ⚛ߢࠆߎߣ ࠍᗧߒߡࠆޕߔߴߡߩc C(k) ߦኻߔࠆ ) (c DS ߩ㓸߹ࠅ߇ߔߴߡߩຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸 ߹ࠅߩ:ߥߩߢޔ (2-3) } 4 0 ), ( ), ( | { ) 5 ( ) 1 ( } { \ " " : k k C c c D C C Total S Z Z ߣߥࠆޕ k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߐࠇߚຠಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩc C(k)ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩpjPߦኻߔࠆขᒁ㗵 ߪ㧔1-1㧕ᑼࠃࠅ◲නߦv( jc, )ߣࠊߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆޕ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦߟߡߪޔj P\ World{ }ߦኻߒߡޔ ) , ( ) , (cW vc j v t ߥߩߢޔขᒁ㗵ࠍ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ߩ ) , ( Wc v ߣߒߡ߽৻⥸ᕈࠍᄬࠊߥޕmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߪขᒁ㗵ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚߣ߈ߩ⚦ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 㓸߹ࠅߥߩߢޔ (2-4) } 0 ) , ( ), ( , 0 ) , ( , 5 1 ), ( | { z W v c D W c v k k C c c M S S Z Z " ߣߥࠆޕ߽ߜࠈࠎޔv(I,W) 0ߣߒߡࠆޕߎߎ ߢ㊀ⷐߥߎߣߪ㧔2-4㧕ᑼ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩk ߣߪή㑐ଥ ߦᚑߐࠇߡࠆߎߣߢࠆޕߘߩߚޔmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪᔅߕߒ߽ቢోߥᒻߢߩ㓏ጀ᭴ㅧ߆ࠄ ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆᩴࡌ࡞ߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߪߥߎߣߦ ᵈᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ ຠಽ㘃ࠍHS ߩ Original ߅ࠃ߮ฦᡷ⸓ ߣߒ ߚߣ߈ޔ㧔2-1㧕ᑼߦኻᔕߐߖߡޔk ᩴࡌ࡞߇ c ߢࠆk2ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅࠍޔ6 , 4 , 2 k ߦኻߒߡޔ (2-5) } ) ( ), 2 ( ), ( | { ) ( c k C k C c c D k H Z K Z Z ߣߔࠆޕmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪขᒁ㗵ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚߣ߈ ߩ⚦ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߥߩߢޔ (2-6) } 0 ) , ( ), ( , 0 ) , ( , 6 , 4 , 2 ), ( | { z W v c D W c v k k C c c M H H Z Z ߣߥࠆޕຠಽ㘃߇SITC ࠆߪ HS ߩߤߜࠄ߆ ߦߎߛࠊࠄߥߣ߈ߪmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅ ࠍ◲නߦM ߢߔߎߣߦߔࠆޕ 1 ߩຠಽ㘃ߪSITC-R1 ࠍၮ␆ߣߒߡᚑߐ ࠇߡࠆߩߢޔ㧔2-4㧕ᑼࠍㆡ↪ߒߡ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩᚑࠍ⹜ߺࠆޕຠಽ㘃ߪᱜ㗄⋡એᄖࠍኻ ⽎ߣߔࠆޕᦨೋߪ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߇ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ߤ߁߆ࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚޔk 1ߣߔࠆޕ 3 ߦ߅ߡC ߩⷐ⚛ߪ㨧(1) 0㨩ߩ 1 ߇ሽߔ ࠆߩߢߎࠇࠍc {0}ߣߔࠇ߫ޔv(c,W) v(0,W) 0 12 z ߢࠆޕ1 ᩴࡌ࡞߇㨧0㨩ߣߥࠆ 2 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߪ㧔2-1㧕ᑼࠃࠅޔ ) 2 ( } 02 , 01 , 00 { ) 0 ( C DS ߣߥࠅޔ3 ߩⷐ⚛߇ሽ ߔࠆޕC(2) ߩⷐ⚛ߩ㧝ߟߢࠆ㨧00㨩ߪ 0 3 ) , 00 ( W z v ߥߩߢޔc {0}M ߣߥࠆޕ ) 1 ( C c ߦ߅ߡZDS(c)߇v Z( ,W)z0ߣߥࠆ ߽ߩ߇㧝ߟߢ߽ሽߔࠇ߫㧔2-4㧕ᑼࠍḩ⿷ߒߥ ߆ࠄߢࠆޕ໑৻ߩC(1)ߩⷐ⚛ߢࠆ㨧0㨩ߪ M } 0 { ߣߥࠆߚޔ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢ M ߦዻߔࠆ߽ߩߪሽߒߥޕ หߓࠃ߁ߦߒߡޔ2 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߪ M ߦዻߔࠆ߽ߩߪሽߖߕޔ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߩਛߢM ߦዻߔࠆ߽ߩߪ㨧012㨩ߩߺߢࠆߎߣ ߇␜ߐࠇࠆ 2 ޕ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡߪޔ 㨧0118㨩એᄖߩ 4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪขᒁ㗵߇ 0 ߢߪߥߊޔ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ሽߒߥߩ ߢ M ߦዻߒޔ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪ㨧01181, 01189㨩ߪ M ߦዻߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ 3 ޕ ᓧࠄࠇߚmdccಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߔߴߡߩⷐ⚛ߪ1 ߦ߅ߌࠆ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᱜߒߡߥ⾏ᤃ ࠺࠲ࠍࠊߔN ߦ٤ߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ 2.2 mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ․ᓽ ขᒁ㗵ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ⚦ಽ㘃ߣߒߡߩmdcc ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ߩ․ᓽߪ⇇ว⸘ࠍ⋧ᚻ࿖ࠍ࿕ቯ ߔࠇ߫ᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡࠆߣ߈ޔmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߦኻᔕߔࠆขᒁ㗵ࠍว⸘ߔࠆߣຠ✚㗵ߩ ) , ( WT v ߦ৻⥌ߔࠆߎߣߢࠆޕຠಽ㘃߇SITC ฦᡷ⸓ ߢࠆߣ߈ޔਔ⠪߇৻⥌ߔࠆߎߣࠍએਅ ߦ߅ߡ␜ߔޕᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߡ1 ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߩߪv( WT, )ߦ৻⥌ ߔࠆߣቯߔࠆޕ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅ ࠍޔC(1) N1ߣߔࠆޕ߹ߚޔk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩc C(k)ߦኻߒߡޔDS(c)ߣߥࠆk1ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߩࠍޔ (2-7) ( , ) (( ( ) ), ) )) ( ( W k c v W v k c DS x u
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Z Z ߣߔࠆޕᦨೋߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߣߒߡޔk 1ߣ߅ߊޕ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߩ M ߪᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߣߪή㑐ଥߥߩߢޔM ߩਛߢ k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼㓸߹ࠅࠍM ߣߔࠇ߫ޔk (2-8) } 0 ) ), ) ( (( , 0 ) ), ( ( , ) ( | ) ( { x u z W k c v W k c v N k c k c Mk k ߣߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕM k NkߢࠅޔMkߩⷐ ⚛ߩᢙࠍ m(k)ߣߔࠇ߫ޔ )} ( ) ( {c1 k c ( ) k Mk " mk ߢࠆޕN ߪk mdcc ಽ㘃ߣߘ߁ߢߪߥಽ㘃ߦಽ ഀߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ޔNk Mk(Nk \Mk)ߢࠅޔ หᤨߦMk(Nk \Mk) Iߣߥࠆޕmdcc ಽ㘃ߢ ߪߥ߽ߩߩᢙࠍm('k)ߣߔࠆޕN ߩⷐ⚛ߩk ᢙߪm(k)m('k)ߣߥࠅޔ )} ( ) ( {c1 k c ( ) (' ) k Nk " mkm k ߣߥࠆޕ߹ߚޔᢛวᕈ߇㓚ߐࠇߡࠆߚޔk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߔߴߡߩขᒁ㗵ߩߪޔ (2-9) ( ( ), ) ( , ) ) ( W T v W k c v k N k c¦
ߢࠆޕk N ߦ߅ߡޔm(' !k) 0ߩߣ߈ޔmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߢߪߥಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߪޔ (2-10) )} ( ) ( { \ ) (' ) ( 1 ) ( k c k c M N k m k m k m k k " ߣߥࠅޔN \k Mkߩⷐ⚛ࠍk ᩴࡌ࡞ߣߔࠆk1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢขᒁ㗵ߩ0 ߢߪߥ߽ߩ߇ ሽߔࠆޕN ߪk M ߣk N \k Mkߦࠃࠅಽഀߐࠇࠆ ߚޔ (2-11) ) ), ( ( ) ), ( ( ) ), ( ( \ W k c v W k c v W k c v k k k k M N c M c N c
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ߣߥࠅޔขᒁ㗵ߩࠍ2 ߟߦಽߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ k N ߩߔߴߡߩⷐ⚛߇ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢࠆ 0 ) (' k m ߩߣ߈ߪޔN k Mkߣߥࠆޕ 0 ) (' !k m ߩߣ߈ߪᒁ߈⛯߈ޔk ᩴࡌ࡞߇ k k M N \ ߦዻߔࠆk1ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍ 1 k N ߣߒߡޔ (2-12) ))} ( ( ), \ ( ) ( | { 1 k c D M N k c N S k k k Z Z ߣߔࠆޕߘߩⷐ⚛ߩᢙࠍޔm(k1) m(' k 1) ߣߔࠆޕNk1ߪޔ )} 1 ( ) 1 ( { 1 ( 1) (' 1) 1 c k c k Nk " mk m k ߣߥࠆޕk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢࠊߐࠇࠆ㧔2-10㧕 ᑼߪk1ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ሽߒޔߘࠇࠍ ࠊߖ߫㧔2-12㧕ᑼߣߥࠆޕ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߦᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡ ࠇ߫ޔk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߔߴߡߩc C(k) ߩขᒁ㗵ߪޔ (2-13) v(c(k),W) v((c(k)ux),W) ߢࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼c(k) ߩขᒁ㗵ߦኻߔࠆߔߴߡߩߪ (2-14) ) ), 1 ( ( ) ), ) ( (( ) ), ( ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( W k c v W k c v W k c v k C k c k C k c k C k c x u¦
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ߣߥࠅޔk1ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߔߴߡߩขᒁ 㗵ߣ৻⥌ߔࠆޕߐࠄߦޔ㧔2-12㧕ᑼࠃࠅޔ (2-15) ) , ( ) , ( ) ), (( ) , ( 1 ) ( \ \ \ W v W v W c v W c v k S k k k k k k N c D M N c M N c M N c Z Z Z Z¦
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x u ߣߥࠆޕ㧔2-11㧕ᑼߩฝㄝߩ╙ 2 㗄⋡ߦ㧔2-15㧕ᑼ ࠍઍߔࠇ߫ޔ (2-16) ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( 1 W c v W c v W c v k k k N c M c N c¦
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ߣߥࠆޕk ࠍ 2 ߆ࠄ 4 ߹ߢ㗅ߦ⟎߈឵߃ߡޔߎߩ ᠲࠍ➅ࠅߔߎߣߦࠃࠅޔM1߆ࠄM4ࠍᚑ ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕk 5ߩߣ߈ߪޔߔߴߡߩ 5 N c ߦኻߒߡޔ6 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪሽߒ ߥߩߢޔm(' 6) 0ߢࠅޔN 5 M5ߣߥࠆޕ ߎࠇࠄߩ৻ㅪߩᠲߦࠃࠅM1߆ࠄM5߇ᚑߐ ࠇࠆޕM ߪ㧔2-4㧕ᑼߢ␜ߐࠇࠆ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߩ㓸߹ࠅߢࠅޔM M1"M5ߣࠊߐࠇ ࠆޕએߩߎߣ߆ࠄޔ (2-17)¦
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k M c k M c N c M c W k c v W c v W c v W c v W T v ) ), ( ( ) ), 1 ( ( ) ), 2 ( ( ) ), 1 ( ( ) , ( 5 1 1 2 1 " ߣߥࠆޕ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߦᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡ ࠆߎߣࠍቯߔࠇ߫ޔmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦኻᔕߔࠆ ขᒁ㗵ࠍว⸘ߔࠆߣຠ✚㗵ߩv( WT, )ߦ৻⥌ߔ ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕߆ࠄࠇࠆޕຠಽ㘃߇HS ߩ Original ߅ࠃ߮ฦᡷ⸓ ߢ߽หߓࠃ߁ߦߔࠆߎߣߢਔ⠪ߩ ৻⥌ࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᢛวᕈ߇ᰳᅤߒߡࠆ ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦߟߡߩmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠻ߦߟߡ ߪᰴ▵ߦߡ⚫ߔࠆޕ3㧚ຠಽ㘃ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔ
⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩ⛔⸘୯ߩਛߢขᒁ㗵ࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ ߣ߈ޔಽ㘃ࠞ࠹ࠧߩຠಽ㘃߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖ߦ2 k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵 P ) (k C p1 pj pn Error of P World ) ( 1 k c v(c1(k),1) ̖ v(c1(k),j) ̖ v(c1(k),n) ep(c1(k)) v(c1(k),W) 㧦 㧦 : : ) (k ci v( kci( ),1) ̖ v(ci(k),j) ̖ v(ci(k),n) ep( kci( )) v(ci(k),W) 㧦 㧦 : : ) ( ) ( k cmk v(cm(k),1) ̖ v(cm(k),j) ̖ v(cm(k),n) ep(cm(k)) v(cm(k),W) Error of C(k) ec(k)(1) ec(k)(j) ec(k)(n) ec,p(k) b Total v(T1,) v( jT, ) v( nT, ) a v( WT, ) 㧔ᚲ㧕㊁↰ኈഥޟ⇇⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬᚑߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߣᱜޠ㧔ޡᡷ⸓ ⇇⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬ̆࿖㓙↥ᬺ ㅪ㑐24 ㇱ㐷ಽ㘃ߦ߽ߣߠߡ̆ޢSDS No.84 ᡷ⸓ 㧕ߩ 1 ߦ߽ߣߠ߈╩⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆຠಽ㘃ߩ㓸߹ࠅࠍޔC(k) {c1(k),",cm(k)(k)}ߢࠊߒޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ
㓸߹ࠅࠍP {World, p1,",pn}ߣߔࠆޕຠ✚㗵ߪTotal ߹ߚߪ Tޔ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ߪ World ߹ߚߪ W ߢࠆޕcm(k)(k)
ߢࠊߔߣߎࠈޔ⚕㕙ߩㇺวߦࠃࠅޔcm(k)ߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߪޔa ep(cx(k))ec,p(k)ޔ ຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߪޔb ec(k)(x)ec,p(k)ߢࠆޕᓇߩㇱಽߪUN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆㇱಽߢࠆޕ ߟߡߪߘࠇߙࠇߩຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߺߥࠄ ߕߘࠇࠄว⸘୯ߢࠆຠ✚㗵߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ ߇߹ࠇߡࠆޕߘߩߚޔຠ✚㗵ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ ⇇ߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߩv( WT, )ࠍၮḰ୯ߣߔࠆߎߣߦ ࠃࠅຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠆߪ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ࠺ ࠲ࠍว⸘ߒߚ୯߇ၮḰ୯ߦ৻⥌ߔࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߢ ߘࠇߙࠇຠಽ㘃߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖ߩᢛวᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᧄ▵ߪ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߦߟߡ ႎ๔࿖ޔャಽޔᐕߏߣߦຠ✚㗵ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ ⇇ߩ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ࠍၮḰ୯ߣߒߚߣ߈ߩຠಽ㘃 ߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖ߩขᒁ㗵ߩᢛวᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡࠆޕ ຠಽ㘃ߦߟߡߪᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ޔmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ౝߩᢛว ᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߣหᤨߦ⇣ߥࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ 㑆ߩᢛวᕈߦߟߡ߽ᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕ 3.1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߩขᒁ㗵 ߪห৻ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁߢ ࠆޕk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⾏ᤃ ࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵߇2 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕຠಽ㘃߇SITCฦᡷ⸓ ߩߣ߈ߪޔk 1,2,3,4 ߦኻߔࠆk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⚦ಽ㘃ߣߒߡ ߩmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆޕ೨ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ ߦၮᧄ㗄⋡ߢߪᔅߕߒ߽ߘࠇࠄߩว⸘ߪຠ✚㗵 ߣߪ৻⥌ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥߚޔၮᧄ⊛ߦຠ✚ 㗵ߣ৻⥌ߔࠆmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍ⚦ಽ㘃ߣߔࠆޕ ຠಽ㘃߇HS ߩ Original ߅ࠃ߮ฦᡷ⸓ ߩߣ߈ ߪᩴࡌ࡞ߩಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪk 2,4,6ߣߒߚߣ߈ ߩk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⚦ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣߒߡ ߩmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼߇ኻ⽎ߣߥࠆޕ ຠ✚㗵ࠍၮḰߣߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢ ࠬߩขᒁ㗵ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆޕ ᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߎߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߦߪᢛวᕈࠍ ߟߚߦߪ⋧ᚻ࿖߅ࠃ߮ຠಽ㘃ߦߟߡߘࠇ ߙࠇߩ⺋ᏅߩޔError of P㧔Partner countries ߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ⺋Ꮕ㗄⋡㧕ߣError of C(k)㧔k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ
࠼ߩCommodities ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺋Ꮕ㗄⋡㧕߇ᔅⷐߣ
3 k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵ⷐ⚂ P ) (k C P㧦⋧ᚻ࿖ߩว⸘ Error of P World ) (k C :ຠಽ㘃ߩว⸘ Error of C(k) ) ), ( (cx k x v ) ( ) (k x c e )) ( (c k ep x ) ( , k ecp ) ), ( (c k W v x ) ( ) ( , ) ( e k eck x cp Total v( xT, ) ep(cx(k))ec,p(k) v( WT, ) 㧔ᚲ㧕㊁↰ኈഥ㧔2003㧕ޟ⇇⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬᚑߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߣᱜޠ㧔ޡᡷ⸓ ⇇⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬ̆࿖ 㓙↥ᬺㅪ㑐24 ㇱ㐷ಽ㘃ߦ߽ߣߠߡ̆ޢSDS No.84 ᡷ⸓ 㧕ߩ 2 ߦၮߠ߈⪺⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕k ߇0 ߩߣ߈ߪຠ✚㗵ߩߺߒ߆ሽߒߥߚ⺋Ꮕߩep(0),ec(0),ec, p(0)ߪߔߴߡ0 ߣߥࠆޕ ߐࠇߚ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߩขᒁ㗵ߦ߅ߡޔຠ ಽ㘃ࠍci(k)ߦ࿕ቯߒߡ⋧ᚻ࿖ࠍว⸘ߒߡ߽ᔅߕ ߒ߽⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ߦ৻⥌ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥޕ৻⥸⊛ ߦߪᓧࠄࠇߚ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ㑐ߒߡ⋧ᚻ࿖j ߦߟ ߡޔj 1"nࠍว⸘ߒߡޔ (3-1) ( ( ), ) ( ( ), ) 1 x
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v ci k j v ci k n j ߣߔࠆޕߎߎߢޔ i 1"m(k)ߢࠅޔ৻⥸⊛ߦ ߪᔅߕߒ߽ޔv(ci(k),W) v(ci(k),x)ߢࠆߣߪ㒢 ࠄߥޕߎߩේ࿃ߣߒߡߪ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲࿕ߩ⺋Ꮕޔ ਣ⺋Ꮕޔຠಽ㘃߿⋧ᚻ࿖ਇߩขࠅᛒߦࠃ ࠆ⺋Ꮕ╬߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕຠಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ci(k)ߩ ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ߩขᒁ㗵v(ci(k),W)ࠍၮḰߣߒߡߎ ߩ⺋Ꮕࠍ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕep( ik: )ߣߔࠆߣޔ ) ( 1 m k i " ߦኻߒߡޔ (3-2) v(ci(k),W)v(ci(k),x) ep(ci(k)) ߣࠊߐࠇࠆޕ2 ߦ߅ߡ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺋Ꮕ ߪerror of P ߩ㗄⋡ߦኻᔕߔࠆޕหߓߎߣ߇ຠಽ 㘃ߦߟߡ߽߃ࠆޕ⋧ᚻ࿖ࠍpjߣ࿕ቯߒߚߣ߈ ຠಽ㘃ci(k)ߦኻߔࠆขᒁ㗵ߩv(ci(k),j)ࠍ ) ( 1 mk i " ߦߟߡว⸘ߒߡޔ (3-3) ( ) ( ( ), ) ( ( ), ) 1 j k c v j k c v i k n i x¦
ߣߒߡ߽ᔅߕߒ߽⋧ᚻ࿖j ߦኻߔࠆຠ✚㗵ߦ৻ ⥌ߔࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥޕߎߎߢޔj 1"nߢࠆޕ ߎߩේ࿃߽⾏ᤃ࠺࠲࿕ߩ⺋Ꮕ߿ਣ⺋Ꮕ╬ߦ ࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕ╬߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ㧔3-3㧕ᑼߪ 1 ߦ߅ߌ ࠆk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ว⸘ߩTotal(k,N) ߅ࠃ߮Total(k,C)ߦኻᔕߔࠆޕN ߪᱜߐࠇߡߥ ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ޔC ߪᱜߐࠇߚ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߢࠆޕ ຠಽ㘃ߩ✚㗵ࠍၮḰߣߒߡߎߩ⺋Ꮕࠍk ᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕec(k)(j)ߣ ߔࠆߣޔj 1"nߦኻߒߡޔ (3-4) v(T,j)v(cx(k),j) ec(k)(j) ߣߥࠆޕ2 ߦ߅ߡ k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ ߌࠆຠಽ㘃ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ Error of C(k)ߩ㗄⋡ߦኻ ᔕߔࠆޕߐࠄߦޔหߦ߅ߌࠆError of P ߩ㗄⋡ ߣError of C(k)ߩ㗄⋡ߩὐࠍ⋧ᚻ࿖߅ࠃ߮kᩴ ࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩຠಽ㘃ߩㅢߩ⺋Ꮕߣߒߡ ) ( , k ecp ߣߔࠆޕએߩߎߣ߆ࠄޔk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ߦ߽ߣߠߊᢛวᕈߩࠆ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߪ ቢᚑߔࠆޕ ᰴߦ✚ว⺋Ꮕޔຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕ߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߩផቯ୯ࠍᓧࠆߚߦᓧࠄࠇߚ࠺ ࠲ߩ⋧ᚻ࿖߅ࠃ߮ຠಽ㘃ߩi 1"m(k)ߣ⋧ᚻ ࿖ߩ j 1"nߦኻߔࠆߘࠇߙࠇߦኻߔࠆขᒁ㗵 ߩว⸘ࠍ㧔3-1㧕ᑼ߅ࠃ߮㧔3-3㧕ᑼߩ⸥ߦኻᔕ ߐߖߡv(cx(k),x)ߣߔࠆޕ㧔3-2㧕ᑼߦ߅ߡຠಽ 㘃ߢࠆci(k)ߩว⸘ࠍޔ (3-5) ) ( ) ), ( ( ) ), ( ( )) ( ( )) ( ( ( ) 1 k e k c v W k c v k c e k c e p i p k m i p x x x x¦
ߣߔࠆߣޔߎߩ⺋Ꮕߪຠಽ㘃ߣߪή㑐ଥߥ⋧ᚻ4 1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵 P ) (k C 1 p p2 p3 Error of P World 0 16 16 16 0 48 Error of C(1) 0 0 0 0 0 Total 16 16 16 0 48 㧔ᚲ㧕1 ߆ࠄ 1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 0 ࠍขࠅߒޔ 2 ߦᓥߞߡ╩⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߪᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡࠆߚޔError of PߣError of C(1) ߪߦ0 ߢࠆޕߔߥࠊ ߜޔ2 ߦ߅ߌࠆ a ߪ 0ޔb ߪ 0 ߢࠆޕ 5 2 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵 P ) (k C 1 p p2 p3 Error of P World 00 01 02 4 9 2 4 9 2 4 9 2 0 0 0 12 27 6 Error of C(2) 1 1 1 0 3 Total 16 16 16 0 48 㧔ᚲ㧕1 ߆ࠄ 2 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ 00,01,02 ࠍขࠅߒޔ 2 ߦᓥߞߡ╩⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕⋧ᚻ࿖ߩError of P ߪᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡࠆߚ0 ߢࠆ߇ޔ2 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߪᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡ ߥߚޔError of C(2) ߪ0 ߢߪߥޕߔߥࠊߜޔ 2 ߦ߅ߌࠆ a ߪ 0ޔb ߪ 3 ߢࠆޕ ࿖ߩߺߩ⺋Ꮕߣߥࠆޕ߹ߚޔ㧔3-4㧕ᑼߦ߅ߡ⋧ ᚻ࿖ߢࠆj ߩว⸘ࠍޔ (3-6) ec(k)(x) v(T,x)v(cx(k),x) ec(k) ߣߔࠆߣޔߎߩ⺋Ꮕߪ⋧ᚻ࿖ߣߪή㑐ଥߥຠಽ 㘃ߩߺߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߣߥࠆޕ⋧ᚻ࿖߅ࠃ߮ຠಽ㘃 ߦㅢߔࠆ⺋Ꮕߪޔ (3-7) ) ), ( ( ) , ( ) ), ( ( ) , ( ) ( , W k c v T v k c v W T v k ecp x x x x ߣࠊߐࠇࠆޕ㧔3-5㧕ᑼ߆ࠄ㧔3-7㧕ᑼ߹ߢߦࠃࠅޔ ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߩ✚ว⺋Ꮕࠍe(k)ߣߔࠇ߫ޔ (3-8) ) ), ( ( ) , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( , x x k c v W T v k e k e k e k e c p cp ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆޕ ᧄ┨ߢߪႎ๔࿖ޔᐕޔャಽࠍ࿕ቯߒߚߣ ߈ߩ⚦ߥࠆຠಽ㘃ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ࠍ߽ߣߦߒߚ ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߩ⺋Ꮕ␜ࠍ✚ว⺋Ꮕࠍ㧔3-8㧕ᑼޔ ຠಽ㘃ߩߺ߆ࠄ↢ߓߚ⺋Ꮕࠍޔ (3-9) ec(k)ec,p(k) v(T,W)v(cx(k),W)ߣ ߒޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩߺ߆ࠄ↢ߓߚ⺋Ꮕࠍޔ (3-10) ep(k)ec,p(k) v(T,W)v(T,x) ߣߒߡࠊߔߎߣߦߔࠆޕ ຠಽ㘃ߩk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ ࠢࠬߩขᒁ㗵߅ࠃ߮ⷐ⚂ߐࠇߚขᒁ㗵ߪ 2 ߅ࠃ߮3 ߦ␜ߐࠇޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߣຠಽ㘃ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ ) ( ), ( ), (k e k e, k ep c cp ߣߒߡ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕk ߇ 0 ߩߣ߈ߪຠ✚㗵ߩߺߒ߆ሽߒߥߚ⺋Ꮕߩ ) 0 ( ), 0 ( ), 0 ( c c, p p e e e ߪߔߴߡ0 ߣߥࠅޔ✚ว⺋Ꮕ ߽e(0)0 ߢࠆޕk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦၮߠߊ ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߩ2 ߣߘߩⷐ⚂ߢࠆ 3 ߪ ߦຠ✚㗵ߦߪk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦኻߔࠆ
6 mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆขᒁ㗵 P ) (k C 1 p p2 p3 Error of P World 0011 0012 0013 0111 0112 0113 0116 01181 01189 012 0221 0240 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Error of C(mdcc) 4 4 4 0 12 Total 16 16 16 0 48 㧔ᚲ㧕1 ߆ࠄ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ N ࠍขࠅߒޔ 2 ߦᓥߞߡ╩⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕⋧ᚻ࿖ߩError of P ߪᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡࠆߚ0 ߢࠆ߇ޔmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߢߪᢛวᕈ߇⸽ߐࠇߡߥ ߚޔError of C(mdcc) ߪ0 ߢߪߥޕߔߥࠊߜޔ 2 ߦ߅ߌࠆ a ߪ 0ޔb ߪ 12 ߢࠆޕ ขᒁ㗵ߩว⸘ߩv(cx(k),x)ߢߪߥߊޔUN Comtrade ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆຠ✚㗵ߩv( WT, )ࠍណ ↪ߒߡࠆߎߣߦᵈᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕ⾏ᤃ࠺ ࠲ߩᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߦ߅ߡv( WT, )ߪ⹏ଔၮḰߣ ߣߒߡᱜߒߣቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔkᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߦࠃࠆ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߩ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪ㧔3-8㧕ᑼ ߢ␜ߐࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆޕ 1 ߆ࠄຠಽ㘃ߩᱜ㗄⋡એᄖࠍขࠅߒߡ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦࠃࠆขᒁ㗵ࠍᚑߔࠆޕ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߪ4 ߦ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ ߎߩࠍ2 ߦኻᔕߐߖࠇ߫ a ߣ b ߪߦ 0 ߣߥ ࠅޔv(T,W) v(cx(1),x)ߣߥࠆޕߘߩᏅ߽0 ߥߩ ߢޔ㧔3-8㧕ᑼ߆ࠄ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪޔe(1) 4848 0ߣ ߥࠅޔᢛวᕈߩ⸽ߐࠇߡࠆขᒁ㗵ߣߥࠆޕ2 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߪ5 ߦ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ ߎߩߩ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪޔe(2) 4845 3ߣߥࠅޔ ᢛวᕈߩᰳᅤߢࠆขᒁ㗵ߣߥࠆޕ㧔2-4㧕ᑼ߆ ࠄޔc{00,01,02}ߦኻߒߡޔError of C(2)ߩⷐ⚛ߪ 3 45 48 ) 2 ( c e ߢࠆޕ⋭⇛ߒߡࠆ߇ޔหߓ ࠃ߁ߦߒߡ3 ᩴࡌ࡞߅ࠃ߮ 4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߦࠃࠆขᒁ㗵߇ᚑߐࠇࠆޕmdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ ߩขᒁ㗵ߪ 6 ߦ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪޔ 12 36 48 ) (mdcc e ߣߥࠅޔᢛวᕈߩᰳᅤߢ ࠆขᒁ㗵ߣߥࠆޕc{0011,0012, 0013,̖,0240} ߦኻߒߡޔec(2) 4836 12ߢࠆޕ 3.2 ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔ ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦ߅ߡᢛวᕈߩࠆ⁁ᘒߢߪߔߴ ߡߩ⺋Ꮕߪሽߖߕޔk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦኻ ߒߡޔec( k) 0ޔep( k) 0ޔec,p(k) 0ߢࠆޕ એਅޔk ࠍ⋭⇛ߒߡ߽৻⥸ᕈࠍᄬࠊߥߩߢ⋭⇛ ߔࠆޕߘࠇߦኻߒߡ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲߇ᢛวᕈߦᰳߌࠆ ߣ߈ߩ⁁ᘒߪએਅߩㅢࠅ5 ߟߩ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊ߇⠨ ߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ 㧔1㧕ຠಽ㘃c ߦ߅ߌࠆ⋧ᚻ࿖i pjߦ⺋Ꮕ߇ࠆ ߣߒߡޔᢛวᕈߩࠆ⾏ᤃ࠺࠲ߦኻߒߡ ) , (c j v i ߇'v(ci,j)Ⴧടߒߚ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊߢࠆޕ ⺋ Ꮕ ߪ ޔ ec 'v(ci,j) ޔ ep 'v(ci,j) ޔ ) , ( , vc j ecp ' i ߣߥࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔຠಽ㘃ߦࠃ
7 ຠಽ㘃ߩ SITC-R1 ࠍᗐቯߒߚ 1 ߦၮߠߊᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔ ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ y v( WT, ) e(k) d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 ec(k)ec,p(k) ep(k)ec,p(k) ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ FKIKVNGXGNQHENCUUKHKECVKQP FKIKVNGXGNQHENCUUKHKECVKQP FKIKVNGXGNQHENCUUKHKECVKQP FKIKVNGXGNQHENCUUKHKECVKQP OFEE ̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆̆ 㧔ᚲ㧕1 ߆ࠄᱜ㗄⋡એᄖࠍขࠅߒߡ⪺⠪ᚑޕ 㧔ᵈ㧕y ߪᐕޔv( WT, )ߪຠ✚㗵ޔe(k)ߪ✚ว⺋Ꮕޔ{d1"d6}ߪຠಽ㘃ߦ߅ߌࠆk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ ᢙޔec(k)ec,p(k)ߪຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕޔep(k)ec,p(k)ߪ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕޔߢࠆޕ✚ว⺋Ꮕޔຠಽ㘃߅ ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⺋Ꮕߩߘࠇߙࠇߪ╓ภઃ߈ߩ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕߣv( WT, )ߦኻߔࠆ⋧ኻ⺋Ꮕ߇␜ߐࠇࠆޕຠಽ㘃ࠍSITC ߣߒ ߡࠆߚd ߪߔߴߡ 0 ߣߥࠆޕ6 1 ߦߪᐕᐲߩ⸥ߪήߩߢᧄߢߪ 2008 ᐕࠍᗐቯߒߡࠆޕ ࠆ⺋Ꮕߪecec,p 0ޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߪ 0 , cp p e e ߣߥࠅޔߎࠇࠄߩ⺋Ꮕߪ␜ߐࠇߥ ޕ✚ว⺋Ꮕe ߩߺ߇'v(ci,j)ߣߥࠆޕ 㧔2㧕ຠಽ㘃c ߩ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇߇i 'x( Wci, )Ⴧ߃ߚ ߣ߈ߩ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊߪޔec 0 ޔep 'v( Wci, )ޔ ) , ( , vc W ecp ' i ߣߥࠆߩߢޔຠಽ㘃ߩ⺋Ꮕߪ ) , ( , vc W e ec cp ' i ޔ ⋧ ᚻ ࿖ ߩ ⺋ Ꮕ ߪ 0 , cp p e e ߢࠆޕ✚ว⺋Ꮕe ߪ 0 ߣߥࠆޕ 㧔3㧕ຠ✚㗵ߦኻߔࠆ⋧ᚻ࿖pj߇'v( jT, )Ⴧ߃ ߚߣ߈ߩ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊߢࠅޔec 'v( jT, )ޔ 0 p e ޔec,p 'v(T,j)ߣߥࠅޔຠಽ㘃ߩ⺋Ꮕ ߪecec,p 0ޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߪep ec,p ) , ( jT v ' ߢࠆޕߘߩߣ߈ߩ✚ว⺋Ꮕe ߪ 0 ߣ ߥࠆޕ 㧔4㧕ຠಽ㘃c ߩ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ߣi pj ߇หᤨߦ ) , (c j v i ' Ⴧ߃ߚߣ߈ߩ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊߢࠆޕߔߥ ࠊߜޔ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦߟߡߪᢛวᕈ߇ߚࠇߡ߅ࠅ ຠಽ㘃ߦ⺋Ꮕ߇↢ߓߡࠆ⁁ᘒߢࠆޕߘߩߣ߈ ߩ⺋Ꮕߪޔec 'v(ci,j)ޔep 0ޔec,p 0ߥ ߩߢޔຠಽ㘃ߩ⺋Ꮕߪecec,p 'v(ci,j)ޔ⋧ ᚻ࿖ߩ⺋Ꮕߪep ec,p 0ߢࠅޔ✚ว⺋Ꮕe ߪ ) , (c j v i ' ߣߥࠆޕ 㧔5㧕⋧ᚻ࿖p ߦኻߒߡຠ✚㗵ߣj c ߇หᤨߦi ) , (c j v i ' Ⴧ߃ߚߣ߈ߩ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊߢࠆޕߔߥ ࠊߜޔຠಽ㘃ߦߟߡߪᢛวᕈ߇ߚࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦߟߡ⺋Ꮕ߇↢ߓߡࠆ⁁ᘒߢࠆޕߘ ߩߣ߈ߩ⺋Ꮕߪޔec 0 ޔ ep 'v(ci,j)ޔ 0 ,p c e ߥߩߢޔຠಽ㘃ߩ⺋Ꮕߪecec,p 0ޔ ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⺋Ꮕߪep ec,p 'v(ci,j)ߢࠆޕ✚ ว⺋Ꮕe ߪ'v(ci,j)ߣߥࠆޕ ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬߩ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦ߅ ߡޔ㧔2㧕ߣ㧔3㧕ߪಽ㘃ߢࠆຠಽ㘃c ߣi ⋧ᚻ࿖p ߦߪή㑐ଥߥ⺋Ꮕߢࠆߚ✚ว⺋ߪj 0 ߣߥࠆ․ᱶߥ⺋Ꮕߢࠆޕ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊ㧔2㧕ߪ ຠಽ㘃c ߩ⺋Ꮕߢࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕi e ߪc 0 ߢࠅޔᦧࠊࠅߦ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ߦ⺋Ꮕ߇ࠆߩ߽ߩ ߣߒߡepߦ'v( Wci, )߇␜ߐࠇࠆޕຠಽ㘃ߩ ⺋Ꮕߩecec,pߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⺋Ꮕߩepec,pߪߘࠇ ߙࠇ'v( Wci, )ߣ0 ߢࠅޔ⺋Ꮕߩ⁁ᘒࠍᱜߒߊ ␜ߒߡࠆޕหߓࠃ߁ߦ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊ㧔3㧕ߪ⋧ᚻ ࿖ߩ⺋Ꮕߢࠆߩߦe ߪp 0 ߢࠅޔepec,pߦߘ ߩ⺋Ꮕ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕಽ㘃ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ৻ ⥸⊛ߥ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊߪ㧔1㧕ޔ㧔4㧕߅ࠃ߮㧔5㧕ߢ ࠆޕ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊ㧔1㧕ߪຠಽ㘃C ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖i Pj
ߦ߅ߡὼߦ↢ߓߚ⇣Ᏹ୯߿⁛┙ߦ⊒↢ߔࠆਣ ⺋Ꮕߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢࠅޔecec,pߣepec,pߦ ߪᓇ㗀ߒߥߚ0 ߣߥࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕ⺋Ꮕߩ ࠲ࠗࡊ㧔4㧕ߪຠಽ㘃ߩߺߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߢࠅޔep ߿ec,pߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⺋Ꮕߪ0 ߢࠆޕ⺋Ꮕߩ࠲ࠗࡊ㧔5㧕 ߪ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߢࠅޔe ߿c ec,pߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⺋ Ꮕߪ0 ߢࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔຠಽ㘃߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ ࿖ߩ⺋Ꮕࠍ⊛⏕ߦ␜ߔࠆߩߪߘࠇߙࠇecec,p ߣepec,pߢࠅޔ✚ว⺋Ꮕe ࠍട߃ࠆߎߣߢ․ ᱶߥ⺋Ꮕߩ⁁ᘒ߽⼂ߢ߈ࠆޕ ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ࠢࠬᚑߦ߅ߌࠆk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔߪ7 ߦ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕߎߩ ߦ߅ߡ㗄⋡ߪᏀ߆ࠄ㗅ߦޔႎ๔࿖߅ࠃ߮ャ ಽᲤߦޔᐕߩyޔຠ✚㗵ߩv( WT, )ޔ✚ว⺋ Ꮕߩe(k)ޔฦ k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߪ } {d1"d6 ޔຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߩec(k)ec,p(k) ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߩep(k)ec,p(k)ߩߘࠇߙࠇ ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕຠಽ㘃߇SITC ฦᡷ⸓ ߩ ߣ߈ߦߪ6 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪሽߒߥߩߢ 6 d ߪ0 ߣߥࠆޕHS ߩ Original ߅ࠃ߮ฦᡷ⸓ ߩ ߣ߈ߪd1,d3,d5ߪ0 ߣߥࠆޕ✚ว⺋Ꮕޔຠಽ㘃 ߅ࠃ߮⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⺋Ꮕߦߟߡߪ╓ภઃ߈ߩ⛘ኻ⺋ Ꮕ ߩ e(k) , ec(k)ec,p(k) , ep(k)ec,p(k) ߣ ) , ( WT v ߦኻߔࠆ⋧ኻ⺋Ꮕࠍߦ␜ߒߡࠆޕ 1 ߆ࠄຠಽ㘃ߩᱜ㗄⋡એᄖࠍขࠅߒߡ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦࠃࠆᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔࠍᚑ ߔࠆޕ2 ߦ߅ߡຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߪ aޔ⋧ ᚻ࿖ߦࠃࠆ⺋Ꮕߪb ߢࠊߐࠇߡࠆޕ1 ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡߪ4 ߆ࠄ a ߣ b ߪߦ 0 ߢࠅޔ೨▵߆ࠄ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪ0 ߢࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄ ࠇߡࠆߩߢ7 ߩࠃ߁ߦᢛวᕈߩ⸽ߐࠇߚ⹏ ଔߣߥࠆޕಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߪ㨧0㨩ߩ 1 ߥߩ ߢޔ1 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍࠊߔd ߩߦ1 1 ߇ ⸥タߐࠇߡࠆޕ2 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡ ߪ5 ߆ࠄ a ߣ b ߪߘࠇߙࠇ 0 ߣ 3 ߢࠆޕ⋧ᚻ ࿖ߦߪ⺋Ꮕ߇↢ߓߡߥߩߢ✚ว⺋Ꮕߪߔߴߡ ຠಽ㘃ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢࠆޕ⺋Ꮕߪ3 ߢࠆߎߣ ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡࠆߩߢ7 ߩࠃ߁ߦᢛวᕈߦᰳᅤ߇ ࠆߣ߁⹏ଔߣߥࠆޕ✚ว⺋Ꮕߦߪ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕ ߩ3 ߣ⋧ኻ⺋Ꮕߩ 0.0625 ߇␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕಽ㘃ࠦ ࠼ߩᢙߪ㨧00,01,02㨩ߩ 3 ߥߩߢޔ2 ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ࠍࠊߔd ߩߦ2 3 ߇␜ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕ3 ᩴࡌ࡞߅ࠃ߮ 4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟ ߡ߽หߓࠃ߁ߦߒߡᚑߐࠇࠆޕ mdcc ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߪಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߩ␜߇ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩߘࠇߣߪ⇣ߥࠆޕmdcc ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼ߩᢙߪ3 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㨧012㨩ߩ 1 ޔ4 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㨧0011㨩߆ࠄ㨧0240㨩 ߹ߢߩ 9 ޔ5 ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㨧01181, 01189㨩ߩ 2 ߇ߘࠇߙࠇd3,d4,d ߩߦ␜ߐࠇ5 ࠆޕ 3.3 ⇣ߥࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼㑆ߩᢛวᕈ ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖ߩ⾏ᤃࡑ࠻ ࠢࠬߩขᒁ߅ࠃ߮ߘߩⷐ⚂ߢࠆ2 ߅ࠃ߮ 3 ߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆࠃ߁ߦຠ✚㗵ߣ⋧ᚻ࿖⇇ ߩขᒁ㗵ߪk ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆຠ✚ 㗵ߩv(cx(k),x)ߢߪߥߊޔv( WT, )߇↪ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕห৻k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ౝߢᢛวᕈ߇⸽ ߐࠇߡߥߣ߈ߦߪޔߘߩขᒁ㗵✚㗵ߣຠ✚ 㗵ߣߩᏅߩv(T,W)v(cx(k),x)߇⺋Ꮕߣߥࠆޕታ ߪߎߩᏅߪᢛวᕈߩ⹏ଔߦ߅ߌࠆ✚ว⺋Ꮕߢࠅޔ 㧔3-8㧕ᑼߢ␜ߐࠇߡࠆޕߘࠇߣหᤨߦ㓏ጀ⊛ߦ ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡࠆຠಽ㘃ߢߪ⇣ߥࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃 ࠦ࠼㑆ߦ߅ߡ߽⺋Ꮕ߇↢ߓࠆޕߘߩߚޔห ৻ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡߩᢛวᕈ⹏ଔߣห ᤨߦޔ⇣ߥࠆᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߦߟߡᢛวᕈ ⹏ଔ߽ᔅⷐߣߥࠆޕ k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩc(k)C(k)ߦኻߔࠆข ᒁ㗵ߩv(c(k),W)ߣਅࡌ࡞ߣߥࠆk1ᩴࡌ ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩ㓸߹ࠅߢࠆDS( kc( ))ߩขᒁ㗵 ߩv((c(k)ux),W)ߩᏅࠍਔ⠪ߩ╓ภઃ⛘ኻ⺋Ꮕ ߣߒߡޔ (3-11) v(c(k),W)v((c(k)ux),W) D(c(k)) ߣߔࠆޕ߹ߚޔcߦኻߔࠆ⋧ኻ⺋Ꮕࠍޔ
8 k ᩴࡌ࡞ಽ㘃ࠦ࠼ߩขᒁ㗵ߣߘߩਅࡌ࡞ߩߘࠇߩߩᢛวᕈ ᩴࡌ࡞ c p q D(c) 1 k 1 k 㧔ⓨ⊕㧕 * ) ), ( (c k W v x ) , ( * ) ( W c v k C c
