【症例】胸部大動脈瘤の肺動脈穿通の 1 治験例
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(2) 106. 日血外会誌 14巻 2 号. Fig. 2 Fig. 1. Chest radiography showed cardiomegaly and mediastinal widening produced by an aneurysm of the aortic arch.. a: Contrast CT scan showed an aneurysm of the aortic arch with an intramural clot. b: Contrast CT scan showed an aneurysm of the aortic arch that compressed the main pulmonary artery and obstructed the left pulmonary.. Fig. 3. a. b. Intraoperative photograph showed the aortopulmonary fistula.. 環を確立した.弓部大動脈瘤は肺動脈を上方より圧排. る.上行大動脈では,Stanford A型大動脈解離3)や梅毒性. し,肺動脈にthrillを触知した.23˚Cにて循環停止とし,. 大動脈瘤4)が主な原因で,弓部大動脈では,真性瘤5∼10). 動脈瘤を切開し選択的脳灌流を行った.瘤内の壁在血. が主な原因となっている.これらの発生機序として,. 栓を除去すると内腔と肺動脈は交通していた (Fig. 3) .. Shenoyらは10),大動脈瘤の圧迫による慢性癒着が原因. 肺動脈欠損部のパッチ形成を行った後に,gelatin sealed. と推測している.予後は極めて悪く,臨床上診断され. graftを用いて遠位弓部の末梢吻合を行い,左鎖骨下動. る時期は,病理解剖後が多いとされ9,10),平均生存期間. 脈を再建し,左総頸動脈の末梢端で中枢吻合を行っ. も長くても 4 カ月である1).左右シャントによる急性心. た.体外循環からの離脱および止血は良好であった.. 不全が予後を不良にする主な原因となるが,シャント. 手術時間475分,体外循環時間284分,選択的脳灌流時. 量が少なく比較的慢性の経過をとる症例8)を含めて,心. 間112分,術中出血量2,450mlであった.術後経過は良好. 不全が悪化する前に迅速な診断と外科治療が望まれ. で,第 2 病日に気管内挿管が抜管されICUより退室し. る.1960年にGiacobineら5)がはじめての手術成功例を報. た.第13病日に胸部造影CTを施行し,主肺動脈の動脈. 告しているが,その後の手術成績も不良で,垣尾らの. 瘤による圧迫は解除され,両側肺動脈は良好に造影さ. 集計では手術の成功率は31%(4 / 13)であった8).手術. れていた.第14病日に軽快退院した.. 成功率の向上のために,Laheyら9)は,早期診断,早期 治療と超低体温循環停止下手術が有用と報告してい. 考 察. る.自験例では,入院時の症状および現症,CT,スワ. 胸部大動脈瘤の肺動脈への穿通は,全破裂例の1.8∼. ンガンツカテーテル検査により,本疾患を強く疑い,. 3.7%とされ1,2),上行および弓部大動脈に発生してい. 迅速な診断のもと緊急手術を行った.また手術は超低. 44.
(3) 2005年 4 月. 垣ほか:胸部大動脈瘤の肺動脈穿通の 1 治験例. 107. aortopulmonary fistulas in aortic dissection. Ann. Thorac.. 体温循環停止下に行い,82歳と高齢で,狭心症,肺気. Surg., 68: 1833-1836, 1999.. 腫症,腹部大動脈瘤等の合併症を術前より有していた. 4) 坂下 勲,横沢忠夫,鈴木 力,他:肺動脈に穿孔し. が,耐術され良好な結果が得られた.. た上行大動脈瘤の 1 治験例.日胸外会誌,23:450-. 結 語. 455,1975. 5) Giacobine, J. W. and Cooley, D. A.: Surgical treatment of. 胸部大動脈瘤の肺動脈穿通は稀な疾患であるが,そ. aorticopulmonary fistula secondary to aortic aneurysm. J.. の予後は極めて不良であり,手術による救命率も低. Thorac. Cardiovas. Surg., 39: 130-136, 1960.. い.自験例では迅速に早期診断 (症状,現症,CT,スワ. 6) 岡 良積,藤田 毅,中島伸之,他:肺動脈に破裂し. ンガンツカテーテル検査より)と手術(低体温循環停止. た胸部大動脈瘤の 1 手術例.日胸外会誌,28:10391046,1980.. 下に大動脈弓部置換 + 肺動脈パッチ形成術)を行い,. 7) 亀山敬幸,中山正吾,岡林 均,他:肺動脈解離を伴. high risk症例であったが良好な結果を得た.. い待機的手術を行い得た大動脈瘤肺動脈穿通の 1 例. 日胸外会誌,40:432-434,1992.. 文 献. 8) 垣尾匡史,小西 孝,丸山晋吾,他:弓部大動脈瘤の. 1) Nicholson, R. E.: Syndrome of rupture of aortic aneurysm. 破裂による大動脈−肺動脈瘻の 1 治験例.呼と循,. into the pulmonary artery. Ann. Int. Med., 19: 286-325,. 40:603-607,1992.. 1943.. 9) Lahey, S. J.: Successful surgical management of an aortic. 2) Boyd, L. J: A study of four thousand reported cases of. arch aneurysm with acute aorto-pulmonary fistula. Ann.. aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. Am. J. Med. Science. 168:. Thorac. Surg., 55: 995-997, 1993.. 654-668, 1924.. 10) Shenoy, A. R., Naik, G. D., Varghese, K., et al.: Acquired. 3) Piciché, M., Paulis, R. D. and Chiariello, L.: A review of. aortopulmonary fistula. Indian Heart. J., 55: 268-271, 2003.. Aortopulmonary Fistula in Aortic Arch Aneurysm Treated Successfully by Surgery Nobuaki Kaki, Kihito Irie, Ikkoku Hata, Hirotsugu Yoshida, Shigeyoshi Gon and Takao Imazeki Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Koshigaya Hospital, Dokkyo University School of Medicine Key words: Aortic aneurysm, Aortopulmonary fistula. An aortopulmonary fistula is a rare complication in aortic aneurysm, and the prognosis is extremely poor, even after surgery. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are essential for a successful outcome. Here we report a case of an aortopulmonary fistula in aortic arch aneurysm surgically treated successfully. The patient was an 82-yearold man with a history of pulmonary emphysema. He was referred to us with a diagnosis of a 9 cm aneurysm in the aortic arch. He was judged to be unable to tolerate surgery and was being conservatively followed, when he presented sudden chest pain and dyspnea, and was referred to us. On admission, he showed continuous murmur of Levine V / VI in the left sternum. Plain chest CT confirmed the 9 cm aneurysm, and showed no hemorrhage into the surrounding tissue. Right heart catheterization revealed a central venous pressure of 23 mmHg and a right ventricular pressure of 71 / 24 mmHg. From these findings, are diagnosed an aortopulmonary fistula in the aortic arch aneurysm, and performed an emergency operation. Patch plasty of the pulmonary artery and partial replacement of the aortic arch were performed under deep hypothermia with selective cerebral perfusion. A successful surgical outcome was achieved. (Jpn. J. Vasc. Surg., 14: 105-107, 2005) 45.
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