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(1)Title. 順応水準理論に関する研究. Author(s). 木村, 士郎. Citation. 北海道教育大学紀要. 第一部. C, 教育科学編, 40(2): 71-74. Issue Date. 1990-03. URL. http://s-ir.sap.hokkyodai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/123456789/5122. Rights. Hokkaido University of Education.

(2) 平成 2年3月 March ,199O. SED ADAPTATION‐LEVEL THEORY REVI. ● . r.● ・一 .● ● .. . ●・. 北海道教育大学紀要 (第1部C) 第40巻 第2号 承iucat ion(Sect ionIC)VO I ty of] Journalof Hokkaido Universi .40 .2 ,No. 1 1 ●● ●1. . . . ● 1 J 1 」 1 1 ‘ ー:」. . . . ● ● . ● .●.. Shi ro KIMURA. i i ido Un ty ILaboratory IPsycho log i Educat i ver s ca ona ,Hokka ikawa070 i t ahikawa onat As ofEduca ,Japan ,Asah. 順応水準理論に関する研究. 木. 村. 士. 郎. 北海道教育大学旭川分校教育心理学研究室. icalf fying laby modi imentalstudyi The purposeofthi ormu stocreateanew theoret sexper. ’ i i tat ITheory(ALtheory)tocons taquant ion t Hel vetheoryandapplythe ruc ‐Leve son s Adaptat lopmental i i f i ty ofdeve lopmental psychology to raise the sci c qual ent new formulas to deve ,. psychology,. lformulas wereinducedf ighttheore i lowinge Thefol t rom ALtheory: ca Aじ = Aじ ニ. ” n. ヱ×,十 C-βd … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (1). 1 n. ’. 2x,一βd… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (2). ,. α ー. 下. ー. 爾F扉. 1. ……-…… ………… ……. 2. ’= - × 十焔 -βd -・ . . . . ・ ・ ・… … … … … … … … … …. AL ・ ・… … …・ ・ ・-・ ー α AL,= 2X,十 n. ≧担旦 ………………………………………………………………………… (5) C-β ・ nー1. 1 ≧翌止 AL,= 2X,一β -1 n .. Aじ =. α n. 2X‘+. … … ….….… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …・ (6). n. 2d j (w,C十 w2Z) -β W,十 勿2. AL, 希 xx,十′z-β 当 n. nー1. … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (7). ・ ・ . . . ・ . . ・ . . . . . . ‐ .-.-.--. ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・‐・‐・ ・ . . ・ ・ ・ 71.

(3) . Shi ro KIMURA. ’ f ferent f AL’ here is di l rom AL in He s theory son . lt predicts one type of Point of , ・ ive Equal Sub i ined as equivalent to the value of‘the stimulus, wh ich ty SE ject )andi s def ly. X,referstotheseri imul i iisl 2 inducesneutraljudgementandresponse operational esst , , ,. las( 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) or3i nformu sananchor or . Ci ,and( ,( ,( ,and( ,andl ,2 ,3 , …,n ,in( ,( ,( imulus son st compari .. imu l iotherthanthe Zisthe value ofthestimulus attheinsertion ofst. imul i i imul if i f duals t t t exper anchoring s rom pas ect ofres ences . /Z refers to , or as the ef idua lef imu l i fect t res s whi ch were experiencedinthe past. dreferstotheintervalofseriess .. jequalsl,2,3, …,(n-1) .. f ightdec idedbythee×per imenta l α , and 勿2re ertothe we , , 4 wl . F l h l i h i h i i l i T h i i h d t d 5 a 1 t t n rmu ( ) as()an ca oug con ons ppy o sessons w c useanc orngs mu . . o dbythes las imul i i l i l 2 d 6 f h d d i b db t theseriess t t t ( ) ( ) r e s e n e mu n es mu u sme a n o r o a r e e s c r e p y g , , ,. 2 6 ( )and( )can alsoapply to thefirstsession whichis notinfluenced by Short‐Term ResiduaI Ef f ing St imulus (STREAS) or Long‐Term Res iduaI Ef fects of Anchor i ects of Anchor ng r F l St imulus(LTREAS) l i i h i h i i h i 3 d 7 t t mul . ormuas()an ()appy o occasons n w c twoanc orngs l iarei luencedbyshort imu t i dualef f term res nf are used,orto whenseriess ‐andlong‐ ect rom sf ing s imul i imu l iare used, t anchor 4 8 )and( )are the sessionsin which only seriesst . Though(. idualef they can appl imul iintheformer f ingst chtheres ectsofanchor y tothesessionsin whi iences mus idered 2)and( 6 tbecons exper ) . α and ,asin(. 1 3 ly whenthe in( 7 5 )app ) ) ) ,( ,( ,and(. fol lowing condi ioni 00 i f i i 2 bedi t t )and( 6 ssa s ed:α+〆=1 n( ) . . 工nthe experiments descr ,an ・ i l h i i d b t i l i t d d l i h i t mu are presente . T e we anc or ng s mu us sno us ecomes e an onyseress ghtof o and α equals 1(α=1 d 0 0 Th i h i d l h 3 7 h f l lowing ) t n ) ( ) t w a 勿 w n( e e a n a w e n e o g ppy , 2 , , i i t if i 2 oo 1 3) t 4 ) ) ndi ) co′ ed:w,十 w2=1 . . βdin( ,( ,( ,and( ,and ●on ssa s. -. ,. ・r ニ. ー. 」. r,. :. f j 2Xd. .. nー1. i 5 6 8 7 ( ) ) ) ) n ,( ,and( ● ,( , ,. r ,′. ime error(TE)- ・ het to t 二 imeordererror(TOE) refer andthet . t The Revi ion ITheory i ions Whereseries esonly・ tooccas (AL’Theory )appl sedAdaptat ‐Leve i i l lyandcons i derablydi iminated l iminab t mul arec l imul tdi t s ear scr es scr es usvalues . Thesmal ・ ighbour imul iinthe serles are represent ing s t j ed as △ R oftheintervals between ne chi s , whi t ional ly d i f ferentf i f ference Gnd operat ceabl e di ) rom a justnot. 、. .. ’ AL’Theoryi f f l iveaspects. Fi t rom AL Theoryinthefol rs sdi erentf owingf ,AL Theory inearfunction, l i can,app calfunction nearly equalsthel y even to occasions where psychophys l ion i i )cal t on,logal sm funct ed anddoes not approximatethe powerfunc ,or whatStevens(1975 ’ l l ifunctions. Second, AL Theory can app ly notonl the Cramer and Bernou y whentheinter‐ l i h i l i l d f i l l h h i l b ea t muus va ues nt eseress t mu are equa, ut aso w ent vas()o s verage between i i thser therespectiveintervalscan be・found,evenifthey are notequal 1onswi rd s es . Th ,inses luenced imul ipresented bythes i les imulus method imatedval t t t uesareinf s ng ,and wherethees i t th l bylong‐term res idua lef fectsofanchor i i l i 4 d8 dd d t t , ngs ・mu ,()an ()area e to es ma e e va ues ’ f l AL i F h h i i i h i h i t d d t t Z as / approx ma es a weg t e ar me c mean, . ourt,t e est mate ormu a n. hatjudgementJin AL’Theoryi supposingt )+ M (K and M are constants and s;J= K(S- AL’ imul i S a focalst ) . The estimated formula in AL approximates a. weighted geometri c mean. imul i l ly, tantsandSafocals whenjudgementJi t s:J= K1ogs/AL十C(K andCarecons ) . Fina l AL’Theory can beapp d l l i hl i i t b f i t t h i l ed ,o eve opmen a psyc oogy y orm ng a quan tatvet eoretca formula andra i ingthesc l i i f i i ty, whi l i s ent c qual e AL Theory has not yetbeenapp ed assuch. 72.

(4) ADAPTATION‐LEVEL THEORY REVISED. 1 ・conducted a we ighted‐ l f i ing experimentbyus i t i ngthetwocategoriesunderthe ,condi t on .the values of measurementof AL’ as: ibed J ′Andldescr n=2 。. ALF. x x 2ーp 2 1)( 裾 青) 1 (僻 p X2ー XI. Thes imul imu l i are ×, and X2(X,< X2 t ) t us values ofthe serles s the . P, and P2 represent・ - ’ ’ ” ’ X i l h i l i f b b l When ALo lated by the ng Xー and 2, respectve y, as eavy. cu pro a ty o judgi ,ca formula i i i ly determinedandcanbesubs i 1 t tutedin( 3) and( 4 2 t tut ) ubs ) βi ) seas edinto( , ss . ,(. , , Next 1 )are determined, First, ×, and X2aresetconstant. Then,the value ofC ,α and in( ’ ’ i ttwotimes,into C,and C2 schanged atbes . AL。for C, ,and ALofor C2are calculated and l inear equations wi th respectto. and らsol ved ・. 三三x AL, x,十〆C,一βd 。=. ,= ÷ xx 十 為 -βd AL 。 ー Dur ingthe experiments carefulattentioni idua lef fects s necessary to ensure thattheres. LTREAS fX,and C do not appear. ( )o A cross‐sectionalinves igat ion of β wascarried out,andthe we ightsforf ivedi t f ferentage i ded l i cul at on groups were dec . M【oreover,a ca 1 3 ) ) oftheconstantvaluesofthesegroupsin( ,( , 4 ) was attempted. and( Thesub ject softhe experiment werelst(6. t eges udent s Cメー. ld) 8yearsol d) thgraders( 1 o yearso ,3rd( ,and5 i l d ty ofEdu )atthe Hokkaido Univers ‐ yearso i ikawa E1 on Asah cat ementary School , lst. 12yearsold)atthe Hokkaido Univer‐ graders( ion Asahikawa Jun i ior Hi ty of Educat s gh School l l ege students at the Hokkaido ,and co Un ivers i ion at Asahikawa ty of Educat . Ten Ss who were ab l iminate Xl and X2 e to di scr i f ly were chosen f i suf c ent rom each group and f ty Ss who met the usedin Experiment l. Fi. ,2year , d s。. .oyear , d s。. 8year l d so. ion o f Experimentl were usedin Exper ter i cri ‐. ment2 . TheresultsareshowninFIG.1 ,FIG.2 ,and h FIG.3 i F I l b G t β s own o e connected . n . was t t ” i l ikeness in qual ty th l wi ed ”conserva‐ , cal ioげ byJ t ,Piaget , The cross‐sectional values of α and. 6yea r sold. ・0.00. are. showni n FIG.2 . Atthefirstsessionin FIG.2,. FIG.I. 0.10. 0.20. Thecross ionalvaluesof β ‐ sect 73. ● .・. .・ . . ・ ●● . . .● , . ・● ● ● ●、 .・ . . ● . 1 . .・ ‘ ● 1 ・1 1 1 ● - ー. . .

(5) . i Sh ro KIMURA 1dren d f i f f 1d chi id n0t Sh0w S 1 i i d ix- cant di erenceS the groups of s gn , ten- , an twe ve-year-o. l ldrenandcol ight between t i hef tand Second experimentS,butthee ‐oldchi egestudents rs ryear h l f ferences igni f i udedinthe data. cantdi showeds ,and t esetwo groups are notinc. ld i f f FIG.3i erenceSinthe valuesfor w, sthe crosS‐Sectiona w aーue of z. Theindividua l i heconf ctbetweenthe and 似ノ . α and referto t 2 waStoo greatto ca1cu1ate an average va1ue i i dered to ion imulus conf imental cond igurat Z i ions ofthe s ′ i。n and exper inStruct t t S cons . ivei ion nhi bi t was shown that, 似フ t ed to refer to perfor- referto retroact l and 似を can beuS . l. ing t manceteS .. ー α 12yearsold / ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′ .. ld 1oyearso. 6yearsold. o.oo o.20 0.40 0.60 0,80 1.0O ionalvalueso fα and FIG.2 Thecross ‐ sect. legestudents col 12yearso ld loyearso ld 8yearso l d. ld 6 yearSo 0. 20. 40. 60. 80 100 120 140. FIG.3 Thecross‐sectionalvaluesofノZ. 74.

(6)

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