JAIST Repository: Ontology‐aware Course Management for Curriculum Evolution Process in Higher Education

(1)

Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

JAIST Repository

https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/

Title Ontology‐aware Course Management for Curriculum Evolution Process in Higher Education

Author(s) Lu, Wenhuan

Citation

Issue Date 2009-03-13

Type Presentation

Text version publisher

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/8286

Rights

Description

6th VERITE : JAIST/TRUST-AIST/CVS joint workshop on VERIfication Technologyでの発表資料, 開催：3月 12日∼13日, 開催場所：JAIST 田町サテライトキャンパス2階多目的室2

(2)

Ontology‐aware Course Management for

Curriculum Evolution Process in Higher Education

Wenhuan Lu

Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

[email protected]

(3)

Outline

y

_{Background and Goal}

y

_{Proposed Solution}

y

_{Requirements of multi‐stakeholders}

y

_{A Scenario}

y

_{Evolutionary Process of Curriculum}

y

_{The Conceptual Model}

y

_{Development of On2C system}

y

_{The Scenario (cont’d)}

y

_{Conclusion and Future Works}

(4)

Background

y

Curriculum changes over time. In practice, however,

it is not easy to keep curricular system updated and

to provide students with trustworthy course services

that reflect and correspond to the evolutions of

curriculum:

y

_{The information related to curriculum design and}

organization may be lost or interpreted in different

ways due to the distribution of time and space in

communication among different stakeholders;

(5)

Background (cont’d)

y

_{The lack of the shared vocabulary about domain}

knowledge for different stakeholders to

communicate about the curriculum;

y

_{The majority of current strategies need time‐}

consuming and labor‐intensive works.

(6)

Two Research Goals

GOALs

y

To establish a conceptual framework for explicitly and fluently share

each concern and understanding among multiple stakeholders, and

effectively tracking the history of curriculum change;

y

To implement an ontology‐aware course consulting system to meet the

requirements of stakeholders involved in curriculum evolution.

Student

Lecturer

Faculty

Designer

Curriculum Evolution

It is necessary to

balance social needs and

different concerns of

multi-stakeholders in

order to make curriculum

evolution smooth.

(7)

Proposed Solution

y

A conceptual model of evolutionary process

reflects

essential structure of curriculum and provide

common vocabulary to represent such model with

ontological technique.

y

Curriculum ontology

y

It serves as a fixed conceptual system to fully

predict the generic components of curriculum so

it can be reused in situation‐dependent

curriculum system.

y

Ontology‐aware Course Consulting system (On2C)

Our research aims to demonstrate a

possible solution for smoothness of

evolutionary curriculum step by step

with ontological engineering approach.

(8)

Diagram

IS

course

Domain Knowledge

KS

course

AI SYSTEM

On2C

Designer

Student

Correctly Evolving

Imp

rovin

_{g Q}

ualit

_y

Eff

icie

ntly

Se

lec

_tin

g C

ou

rse

Lecturer

Ontology

Conceptual model of

“Evolutionary process of

curriculum”

Intro. Adv. Inter -mid Basic

Methodology

(9)

Requirements of multi‐stakeholders

y

Requirements of faculty designer and lecturer

y

The evolutionary change of curricula should be

divided into manageable, more familiar steps. Both

faculty designer and lecturer want to familiarize

themselves with the changes by taking small steps

first.

y

It is necessary to adopt instruction design approach

and include one quality circle composing planning and

evaluation.

y

Have a clear rationale for change that is grounded in

pedagogical practices, which is considered as

background knowledge for reflection, such as during

practicing evaluation of course process.

y

Requirements of student

y

Study plan maintenance

(10)

Embedded Software Engineering Introduction of embedded software

Basic concepts in hardware Real time OS Embedded programming

Designing real time system

Quality characteristic

Software Design Methodology Basic concepts in object-oriented technologies;

UML; use-case modeling; Class; Object; Relation

Dynamic model; Design patterns

D

1

D

1 The knowledge of dynamic model is necessary.

New social

needs rise

Design

Relation

Alteration

Faculty

Designer

(11)

Design

Relation

The stakeholders would

be adversely affected by

the ambiguity of change

from syllabus

Only basic knowledge

have been taught.

As prerequisite

knowledge, dynamic

model has been

taught first.

D

1

Alteration

D

1

Faculty

Designer

Basic concepts in hardware Real time OS Embedded programming Designing real time system

Dynamic model; Design patterns The knowledge of dynamic model is necessary. Object Interaction State Diagram Sequence Diagram Collaboration Diagram Activity Diagram Object Interaction State Diagram Sequence Diagram Collaboration Diagram Activity Diagram

6th VERITE 2009/3/13

10

(12)

S

1 Software Design Methodology Software Design Methodology Embedded Software Engineering Embedded Software Engineering

Syllabi are same, but

it is NOT understandable due to

lack of prerequisite knowledge;

D

1

D

1

it is understandable,

since having mastered

prerequisite knowledge

Design

Relation

Alteration

Faculty

Designer

(13)

S

1 Software Design Methodology Software Design Methodology Embedded Software Engineering Embedded Software Engineering

D

1

D

1

Design

Relation

Alteration

Faculty

Designer

Explicate

and share

the intention

of design

CHANGE

Why is it few？

What is the goal？

Learning

with clear

justification

To explicate change makes it

get understandable.

(14)

The architecture of

On2C

system :

On2C includes

CMS

and

Curriculum Ontology

for coping with the requirements from different stakeholders

Regulation

Course Management System (CMS) e-Learning

Knowledge

Curriculum

_Rationale

goal goal Plan Consulting Grade Maintenance C our se Des ign Suppor t C las s Des ign Suppor t

Curriculum Ontology

Plan goal

• Which class should I take to achieve my goal ?

• Does my plan satisfy the course regulation?

• How should we change my plan?

STUDENT

•How the change of

regulation effects on

the students' plan

•How the course

design matches with

students' needs

FUCULTY

DESIGNER

•What should we teach

to the students?

•How well the students

learned ?

LECTURER

Make course plan

Design teaching strategy

Select examples

Assessment

Select courses;

Take a course;

Evaluation

Organize knowledge of

learning contents

Design regulation and

curriculum

Record rationale

(15)

Description of Evolutionary Process of

Curriculum‐‐ Curriculum Ontology

y

“Evolutionary process of curriculum” indicates two

aspects of curriculum in higher education:

y

_{(1) a designed sequence of changes and}

development of properties or attributes of

curriculum;

y

_{(2) intention behind the designing, which initiate a}

series of intentional behaviors of people involved in

such process.

(16)

Description of Evolutionary Process of

Curriculum

--

Curriculum Ontology

refer to refer to refer to refer to refer to refer to refer to

A hierarchical conceptualization of “Evolutionary Process of Curriculum”

(17)

Intention of curricular evolution

(18)

“Regulation” in Curriculum Evolutionary Process

y

Regulation

is considered as a sort of

social rules,

which plays a crucial role in curriculum evolutionary

process:

y

it is the

rule of curriculum

to control

y

the way curriculum is designed, revised, and evaluated

OR

y

the way stakeholders behave;

y

_{it should be always}

_INSPIRED

_{by or}

_MEET

_{with “Intention of}

(19)

Single Course

Contextual Courses

Intra‐

Term

Inter‐

Terms

4

th

3

rd

1

st

₂

nd

• Realized by

•Goal of

•Guaranteed by

•Consist with

•Cause effect

•Influence effect

• Initialize effect

• Finalize effect

•Extend from

•Narrow down

•Adapt to

•Accessorize with

•Facility‐equip with

Component

Relationship

Sequence

Relationship

Histo

ry

Relationship

•Pre‐requisite

•Co‐requisite

Effect

Relationship

Four Spaces of Relationship during Course

Change:

(20)

6th VERITE 2009/3/13

On2C system Development

y

Interface of On2C system

（A）Domain knowledge

viewer

• Tree list of domain

knowledge in each

discipline

• To provide lecturer and

student with domain

contents and structure

（B）Rationale viewer

• To explicate the basic

information and intention of

curriculum design

• Well-structured concepts

related to the intention of

curriculum design, and

(21)

On2C system Development (cont’d)

y

Domain knowledge viewer

y

（A）the details of the domain knowledge are displayed;

y

（B） the details of the domain knowledge are displayed in

the graph view

（A）description

of domain

knowledge in

each disciplines

（B）the subject matter and content

in each disciplines (concept and

relationship in the graph view)

(22)

On2C system Development (cont’d)

y

Rationale viewer

y

（A）as a part of Curriculum Ontology, it offers the

vocabularies to describe the intention of curricular

evolution

（A）to show

the intention of

curricular

(23)

On2C system Development (cont’d)

y

Conceptualized “intention” in Curriculum Ontology

to offer the vocabulary

To explicit that the intention of add the new course of

“Embedded Software Engineer” is for the new social

need.

(24)

Organizing guidance knowledge of design

to make evolution smooth

In order to meet with

change

to

add

new course

of the

prerequisite knowledge

master

In order to

related existing course

new learning items

the necessary

in

add

to

related existing course

suggested

who has taken the

student

will be

to

learn new learning items

Intention

Activity

of

Intention & Activity of Faculty designer

Intention

Activity

try to eliminate adverse effects

social needs

(25)

Organizing guidance knowledge of design

to make evolution smooth

In order to meet with

change

to

add

Embedded Software

Engineering

of the

prerequisite knowledge

master

In order to

Software Design Methodology

the necessary

in

add

to

suggested

who has taken the

student

will be

to

learn

Intention

Activity

of

Intention & Activity of Faculty designer

Intention

Activity

try to eliminate adverse effects

social needs

the

Embedded Software

Engineering

Sequence Diagram, Collaboration

Diagram, Activity Diagram

Software Design

Methodology

Sequence Diagram,

Collaboration Diagram,

Activity Diagram

6th VERITE 2009/3/13

24

(26)

Conclusion and future work

y

In this work we propose the model of evolutionary process

which reflects essential structure of curriculum for offering a

better ways to tracking the history of curriculum change;

y

Curriculum ontology we developed serves as a fixed

conceptual system to fully predict the generic components of

curriculum so it can be reused in situation‐dependent

curriculum system.

y

Next step is refinements of the evolutionary curricula model

for ontology support to intelligent curriculum authoring and

consulting. We are mainly interested in exploring which

further functionalities are needed and wanted by different

stakeholders.