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(1)

環境観測技術衛星(

ADEOS-Ⅱ)

「みどりⅡ」の運用異常について

平成

16年10月21日

宇宙航空研究開発機構

宇宙利用推進本部

黒崎忠明

(2)
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3

打ち上げ

打ち上げ

‹

ADEOS-II は、 2002年12月14日

10:31:00 に種子島宇宙センターから

  

H-IIAロケット4号機で打ち上げ。

‹ 打ち上げ

16分 32秒後, ADEOS-II は 

オーストラリア上空で予定の軌道に

  正確にロケットから切り離された。

.

0.01

98.68

98.67 (+/- 0.25)

Inclination [degree]

0

0.001

0.001 (0 – 0.004)

Eccentricity

0

7190

7190 (+/- 20)

Semi major axis [km]

Error

Result

(4)

4

ADEOS

ADEOS

-

-

II

II

 

 

の ミッション

の ミッション

 

 

Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS)

Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS)

 「

 「

みどり」の観測ミッションを継承。

みどり」の観測ミッションを継承。

 地球温暖化等のグローバルな環境変動のメカニズム 

 地球温暖化等のグローバルな環境変動のメカニズム 

 の把握など世界的な気候変動研究に役立てるとともに、

 の把握など世界的な気候変動研究に役立てるとともに、

気象や漁業等の実利用の面への貢献。 

気象や漁業等の実利用の面への貢献。 

水・エネルギー循環過程、炭素循環の解明を目的とした

水・エネルギー循環過程、炭素循環の解明を目的とした

センサー(

センサー(

GLI

GLI

AMSR)

AMSR)

の搭載

の搭載

環境省(

環境省(

MOE)

MOE)

米国航空宇宙局/ジェット推進研究所

米国航空宇宙局/ジェット推進研究所

NASA

NASA

JPL)

JPL)

仏国立宇宙研究センター(

仏国立宇宙研究センター(

CNES)

CNES)

が提

が提

供したセンサーを搭載

(5)

5

Main Characteristics of ADEOS

Main Characteristics of ADEOS

-

-

II

II

Dimension(Approx.) 

 

  

Main Body

6m×4m×4m (X-axis×Y-axis×Z-axis)

  

Solar Array Paddle

 : 3m×24m

Total Mass  

  : 3.68t 

Mission Instrument Mass: 1.23t

Electrical Power

: 5,350W 

(End of Life)

Designed life

 

: 3years

Orbit 

  

: Sun-synchronous sub-recurrent orbit

  

Altitude

: 802.92km

  

Orbit Inclination

: 98.62゜

  

Period  

    

: 101 minutes

  

Recurrent Period 

: 4 days

  

Local Sun Time

 

at Descending Node

AM 10:30

Launch Site

Tanegashima Space Center

Launch Vehicle

:H-IIA Rocket

Launch Date

: 14, December, 2002

+

+

Z

Z

+

+

Y

Y

+

+

X

X

ADEOS

(6)

6

ADEOS

ADEOS

-

-

II

II

 

 

Flight Configuration

Flight Configuration

GLI

GLI

Global ImagerGlobal Imager

IOCS

IOCS

Inter Orbital Inter Orbital Communication Subsystem Communication Subsystem

AMSR

AMSR

Advanced Microwave Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Scanning Radiometer

VMS

VMS

Visual Monitoring System

Visual Monitoring System

DTL

DTL

Direct Transmission For Local Users

Direct Transmission For Local Users

PDL

PDL

Paddle Assembly Paddle Assembly

ILAS

ILAS

-

-

Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer

Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer--ⅡⅡ

      

      

C&DH

C&DH

Communication & Data

Communication & Data

Handling Subsystem Handling Subsystem

Seawinds

Seawinds

POLDER

POLDER

Polarization and Directionality

Polarization and Directionality

of the Earth

of the Earth’’s Reflectances Reflectance

    

    

ESA

ESA

 

 

Earth Sensor Earth Sensor Assembly Assembly

     DT

     DT

Direct

Direct

Transmission

Transmission

Subsystem

Subsystem

    D

    D

CS

CS

Data Collection

Data Collection

System

System

AOCS

AOCS

Attitude and Orbit

Attitude and Orbit

Control Subsystem Control Subsystem

MDP

MDP

Mission Data Mission Data Processing Processing Subsystem Subsystem

+

+

Z

Z

+

+

Y

Y

+

+

X

X

Direction of Earth

Direction of Earth

(7)

7

Results of Mission Operations

Acquired Data

• GLI 1km

:93,338 scenes

• GLI 250m :10,601 scenes

• AMSR

:6,649 scenes

• ILAS-II

:3,450 downlink segments

• SeaWinds :3,728 downlink segments

• POLDER :3,287 downlink segments

Data processing and scientific research are continuing.

Scientific results can be seen in ;

http://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/ADEOS2/index.html

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9

(10)

10

(11)

11

(12)
(13)

13

(14)

14

Block Diagram for Electrical System

(15)

15

Fault Tree Analysis

[FACTS]

• Generation power dropped by 100 W step

• Similar behavior in both power circuit sides

• Temperature decreased at PDM

• No anomaly in PDL stroke and tension telemetry

[FTA]

• Fault Tree Analysis has provided the possible

locations;

1) Solar Array Paddle

(16)

16

FGAN Image

(17)

17

Hypotheses

1) Solar Array Paddle

1-1) Short between Cell and Harness

1-2) Short in Blanket joints

1-3) Open in Blanket joints

1-4) Short between Cells

2) Solar Array Paddle Harness

2-1) Short in Harness by discharge

2-2) Open in Harness by discharge

2-3) Short in Harness by mechanical reasons

2-4) Open in Harness by mechanical reasons

(18)

18

Hypothesis 1-1

Short between Cell and Harness

Cover glass

adhesive

interconnector

cell

adhesive

polyimide

Adhesive/harness

polyimide

Discharge occurred between cell and harness at damaged polyimide in

Laboratory tests.

One circuit was shorted, however no propagation was observed.

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19

Hypothesis 1-2 and 1-3

Short / Open in Blanket joints

Discharge occurred between lands in joint

of blanket in laboratory tests.

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20

PDM

module

Discharge between modules

Blanket 1 Blanket 2 Blanket 3 Blanket 48 Blanket 49 Blanket 50 Circuit 2 Circuit 4 Circuit 62 Circuit 64

Circuit 63 Circuit 61 Circuit 3 Circuit 1 Blank blanket Blank blanket Over 1.1mm

Discharge occurred between modules in laboratory tests when voltage potential was greater than 130V. No propagation was observed. .

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21

Hypothesis 2-1 to 2-4

(22)

22

Hypothesis 2-1 to 2-4

Solar Array Paddle Harness

Solar Array Paddle Bundled harness for 52 power circuits Bundled harness for 12 power circuits Bundled harness MLI Sun

Tie down every 15 cm

MLI surrounding harness did NOT ground. MLI might be charged up when

spacecraft passed auroral bands.

(23)

23

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24

Scenario for Hypothesis 2-1 and 2-2

[Before 24 October 2003]

Trigger Arc from MLI to

cracked harness

charred

insulator

H1 H2 R R R R R R H1 H1 H1 H2 H2

MLI

Propagation

R H1 H2 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2

[24 October 2003]

Sustained Arc (Arc tracking)

between charred harnesses

R H1 H2 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 R H1 H2 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2 H2

Destroy whole bundle

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25

Temperature of Harness

Analysis Measurement dummy structure Harness on boom Heater panel

Highest temperature of the harness might be 230 degree C. Temperature rating for the harness is 200 degree C.

High temperature produced outgas and discharge might occur easily.

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26

Cracks on Harness Insulator

Cracks were found on harness insulator after thermal cycle laboratory

test. (100 – 250 degree C)

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27

Energetic Electron on 24/10/2003

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28

Laboratory Discharge Test Configuration

MLI

V

p1

C

ext

V

b

R

b V1 (SAS) 60V,2A

V

p

V

p2 V2 60V,2A

V

p10 V10 60V,2A

Cracks

Heater

Chamber

Thermo couple

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29

(30)

30

Laboratory Discharge Test Result

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 経過時間[秒] 動作回路 数 ※ハーネスのHOT/RTN間電圧が50Vを上回っている回路を「動作回路」と定義した

Time [s]

(31)
(32)

32

(33)

33

(34)

34

(35)

35

Outgas from Harness

(36)

36

まとめ(

Conclusion)

• 太陽電池パドル電力ハーネスの損傷が最も説明

しやすいストーリーである

.

• 地上における実験で再現したと判断.

• 接地していないMLI(Floating MLI)の帯電・放電

と電力ハーネスの想定(予測)した温度を超えた

高温および繰り返し温度サイクル の相乗効果

.

• 教訓をまとめ再発防止に全力。

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