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(1)Fiction. The. Truth:. and. Works. Part. But man. So. with. begins. three. l have. the closing. him. brought. biographical. was. of his themes, Unlike. the. both. chided. it. until. distinguished. The. Ⅲ.. three. Airborne. to. place. job. him. and. and. By. sleep.. the. he's. woman. -. Fort. at. to. time. The. second. his novella. There. followed. to other. writers･. having. The. Award. for. Faulkner. focus. discussion. had. already. A reviewer. in 1984･. noticed. third. and. a. he. appeared. some. gave. Primary. stories.5). awards. and. Barracks the. Thief. year's. most. fiction."6). featured. Bragg,. woman. the. boys seeing. to. accept. North. before and. are. and. this. in the. and he. goes. divorces. He. to their. school,. he. his wife.. and. even. begins. the story is. a. his marriage･. after. in high. change. Bishop･. room. to. man. The. he. thinks. grow. from. moves. thing. one. to. night. that. sons. stronger. 82nd time. job gives them. watch. live without. can't. his. in the. in another. who. each. decides He. in 1967. meet. novella But. Carolina. Guy. character,. little boys. currently. old enough. movies). awards･. the. series. in 1993. also. despite. PEN. This. works.. a. about. consideration. article. in relation and. a. That. of short. for not. of the. into. of his work.. 1993,. reviewers. winner. another. is his two. peace. numerous. when. paratroopers. with. woman. reckless. Thief. young. Division. other. of American. work. a. novella. article!. Wolff's. made. media.4). aspects. of. was. collections. well-known. the. Barracks. The. and. and. "named. was. so. not. mass. of language. quality attention. media. himself. technical. as. and. was. series. Wolff's. This. era.. introducing. which. of his two. well. style,. Wolff. received,. as. a. of his. some. examination. his themes. on. listed. the. of. War. Vietnam. the. and. Thief,1) Tobias. Barracks. final in. attention. and. an. it felt to be. day, and how. that. Life,2) his memoir. the. data. were. articles. during. Boy's. to. of The. paragraph. is the fourth. This. with. B. HigglnS. l remember. when. paratroopers. young. II. friends.. reckless. of this novella, began. moments. Wolff. Two. Continued. Beth. of Tobias. the. are:. from. it,. more.

(2) 2. realistic. His. and. him.. Although. Keith,. a. Ballard.. another. The. boys. anymore.. well. in school.. leave. He. drives. he. tells his mother;. days. later. His. argument.. left him,. now. too. late, his father. bicycle help. and. while. getting. back. family. try. to. Philip. simply. do. wants. to. with. these. the. and. its. use,. They. brother;. him. senior very. half. hanging. him. because. year.. A. and father. had. had. left the family. he. When he. This son. It's. good. folding. a. The. gives. him. his. The. him,. and. be. hint. of the. startling. jump. school. in the. of how. into the. going. for. son. enlist. depiction. car.. an. for has. his. asks. tries to. luck.. few. it's six months. present.. the older. holidays. a. Although. instead.. excuse. begins with. to wait. day. next. an. the Christmas. he had. The. he. a. Nevertheless,. and. associate. During. his brother. wishing. there. graduation. with. to. them. with. he will have. his mother. Army. joins the. along. that. falls down.. away.. an. altogether. University.. his mother.. he. to. Philip,. school.. Yard. school. concludes. son. younger. high. selling. the. Army. brother. older. chapter. ends. words:. regret.. tell he. could He. gave. last paragraph. Chapter. Two.. Five. months. when. the. divorce. so. woman. from. job. but, like E.eith, he is not doing. Marine.. the. tries. them. with. Seattle. get. Bishop a. gets. of. Seattle. to. learns. Guy. move. doesn't. persuades. a. for his younger. something. Philip. This. with. be. be. Navy. a. he. walks. so. new. in Vietnam.. away. him. in their. go. the. at. because. stay. out. in Bremerton. after. demonstrating. up,. cope. to find himself. opens. to. but the office is closed. Marines. to. he's. to. distant.. and. to. coming. cries frequently.. and. boys'mother. college. become. now. to give. wants. good. to it. She. his father. more. again,. finds. chance. to. is opposed. tells him. a. been. decides. lives alone. Philip. but. job. had. who. see. father. friends. college. part-time. He. to. a. then. and. to. go. junior. a. of. she. goes. to. and. house. sell their. his old friends. a. bars.. to. he. making. Marines. he. them. trouble. happened. The. job.. by. situation. has. more. his. to. he is given. gets. some. with. has. Seattle,. wanted. in favor. home.. around. had. loses. the. with. what. grow. of. with. However,. it down. he turns. have. He. well. over. get. soon. She. part. to parties. goes. but. theater.. movie in. apartment. can't. copes. school,. close, the brotbers. for his family. in. tickets. now,. freshman,. a. in high. junior. a. previously. to provide. (p. 10). adaptable.. Philip,. son,. older. detest. to. B. Higgins. Beth. anything. l had. I(eith. ever. It touched. serious. his. of Chapter. later. it happened,. was. Keith. did something. he. came. (p. 22). car.. One. gives. disappeared.. at the. tail end. done.. (p. 23). of. a. no. I. was. training. in. course. that. at. proved. change. Fort. which. Benning. harder. than.

(3) Fiction. Philip. has. become. I! The Use. unanticipated.. Indeed,. immediate. z,. an. u)e,. or. family. he. Ⅲe could from. solve. he. them,. and. be. joined. father,. to do. He. what. his. with. or. life. First. difficult. for the. continued. third. in the. ences. The narrator. missing. a. "But. On. look. he's. the. last. jump. the. What us?". had he. have. it in him. that;. jump. he. ignores. take. a. begin. was. school. move. ahead it. seven. chapters.. join and. course. no. day. a. of his experi-. immediacy･. the. more. whereas. that. all. at. The. Marines･. the. go. look. for his. over. again･. the beach. I wanted. tries to convince. her. to get his. noise,. to. leave. lay ahead.. mother. is happening. the. his him. telling. made. immediacy. intended. to. of what. His. but. he. of. to. have. it intensifies. that. the Army-. the. get away. had. going. background. as. away. request. do. was. Army. with. and He. man.. would. shortest. since. anything.. to. to. taken. (p. 24). than. young.. pain. of ignorance. for Keith,. so. that. and. chance. to. courage. more. beginning. have. be doesn't. it this far out. is happening. what. by. if he. to. confrontation. young. the. shift is surprising,. his mother's. commitment to. responsibility. accept. a. of the. of the family･. wanted. his life by teaching. confused. more. in the. up. head. as. He. problems. to. Army. Philip becomes. ended. him. Reacting. but. the destruction. Philip. of control. from. would. just. afraid. the. them. kind. is transitional. refuses. made. and. One.. pushes. replace. structure. some. the. school. l had. made. angry. suddenly. Because. brother. He's. I wanted. an. narration. jump be. I'd only. has. person. chapter. is in. would. under. to. unable. drifting.. just. narration. to. reader. second. I doubted. He. person. Army.. Nevertheless,. least. change. his mother's. that. the Army. at. but. in the. Chapter. the background.. nor. was. institution. joined. him. behind. he. realized. an. into. his brother's. neither. This. is maintained,. experiences. after. appears. is completely. narration. distance. some. boy's. older. now.. narrator. by his father. disgusted. was. so. 3. Wolff. first person. continues. never. in the first chapter. of Tobias. to. the. Philip. our. Works. person. third. makes. word. He's. you.. described. because. pain. or. the. The. tense. past. first person. the. unquestionably. shift from. the. of. Truth:. and. those. him. and wings･. that. it's his. plea:. to us?. Will. somebody. tell. please. me. (p. 24). of their training,. one. man. makes. a. mistake. and. dies･ A. sergeant. comments:. =There's. Several`. men. just two. laugh.. kinds. The. of. narrator. men. in this business. doesn't. but. -. confesses. the quick. he. dead." and the. feels like smiling. (p.25). though. be.

(4) 4. Beth. thinks. it's wrong.. trooper. song. death. or. perhaps. He. is. close. bonds. them,. but. away. from. Fourth. is far. from. while. Lewis. are. camp. takes. could. have. be. chose. to. he. has. It seemed. duty.. it longer. trouble. to. narrator. doing. guard. a. -. had. for the. high. school. bad. also He. anybody through. duty.. enlisted. tank･. Ee. had. It. his style,. was. fence. have by. Hubbard,. and. stay. On the. outsiders. The. dump. encloses. narrator. dump. Hubbard. and. chat. red like his face.. hair, were. consists. it. The. But. of training.. out. (p. 33). his foot:. with. He. in his long. sucked. his mouth. side of. of the. out. die.. to be accepted. dump.. we. There. song.. the Army.. permanent. that. now. men,. in his company. wants. close-cropped. if he'd wanted,. way.. Hubbard. and. and. "There,". and stuck. cheeks. he said. and. his. wiggled. in the Army. and. that. talks. the novella. about and. a. could. word. bow. he. had. his chin. It. under. drive. was. afraid. believed. having. of soldiers. he. since not. he. as. whistling. walks. around. the face. was. heメd. (p. 29). because. pictures. that. him. little roll of flesh. a. with. of his life.. shown. bear. can. has:. face. rest. believed notes. talk, they. Hubbard. soft, square. have. He. is:. suggests The. too, might. to. Lewis. The. para-. (pp. 33-34). toes.. the. Lewis. all his concentration.. require. the tip of his tongue. As. forest.. (p. 27). -‥. He. A metal. pine. a. they,. men. ammunition. and weeds.. jump. a. a. his first. at death of fear.. -. newcomers,. an. faced. is. slng. of the. to become. want. he has. to belong. together. two. sings. denial. a. mistake. majority. guard. first guard. it that. some. to. buildings. worn. wear. don't. ordered. red-faced. the. the other. they. a. and. Smiling. they. is beginning. in Vietnam. by. the. and. finds. it's. what. make. He. Two. to smile･. urge. sing, and. surrounded. and. He. When. and. old wooden. gaunt. -. He. the three. an. too, might. and. had. him･. because. of six, shabby,. they,. been. other. July. of. been. offered. of Chapter. of grief. Certainly,. Bragg. they. ignore. each. had. be's. marijuana. by the end. marijuana,. that. Fort. because. they. Thus,. in this camaraderie.. to. moved. some. of. men.. the. of fear. joins. narrator. smoke. minimizing. by. display. no. a. reaction. a. emboldened. will be The. His. least. at. has. the other. with. in the Army･. denial. a. He. B. Higgins. a. the first mention. is of dying. recruiter. he. would. Vietnam.. He. there･. This. of the dangers. had. who. in foreign. times. good. tractor. said about be. a. waiting. be. is. a. He. countries. to. allowed. says. his. to. come. he. drive. couldn't. third. in Vietnam.. of the. a. kill way. Ⅲubbard.

(5) and. Truth:. The. talks. about. those. Fiction. is the only he. character. became. a. it might. Hubbard. misses. Hubbard. longs. the. When. "home". But. it didn't. Lewis. returns. Hubbard. goes. hometown,. he. had. a. do. to. off. Lawton, how. to prepare. his rope,. have. 5. Wolff. the narrator. red,. him. asks. why. first sergeant. me. Tinkerbell,". the narrator. enjoys. is all dispersed. fact, it's. of. the Army.. now. and:. Fourth. just. if he. an. were. home,. he. from. his. memory. old. (p. 30). --. hand. right. has. the. more. (p. 32). off.". for the. true,. and. Lewis. the. unfriendly. Just. (p. 29). doing In. better.. ago.. swollen. He. that. family. be. years. his turn.. their. known. heads. anymore.. would. died. Kentucky.. about. "I should. narrator's. old. It felt fresh. with. complains. the. at his grandfather's.. feel. When. observes. nothing. what. his grandfather. boyhood;. but. meant. barbecue. dangers.. yelling. his friends. He. him. asks. ･-. around. for his roots,. Ⅲubbard a. interesting,". and. of Tobias. replies:. running. home. word. describes. be. People. same.. -. he. paratrooper,. "I thought the. who. Works. brags. men. other. his. about. family. no. how,. and him. had berated. to. afraid. his. and. had. he had. when. for being. nettles.. conquests father. his. the. about. sexual. that. now. are. them. warns. and. died.. been. He. trying. rappel. a. off. cliff.. "He. called. "He. calls. "You They'll. "I know. The one. narrator. A. was. door man. tall and. and was. them,. a a. sitting. stooped.. car. red. said. He. Lewis. did, too.. told. me.. Tinkerbell. "Just. talk. gave. me. and. to those. Sweety. Pie･. girls back. tbere･. anything." be. to. said.. Tinkerbell.". a. Lewis. meant,". to rest. wants. There the. mean. what. to talk. wants. if I'm. didn't. home,". around. tell you. "He. that,". everybody ask. go. Lewis I. but Lewis and. they. all go. flashing. in the front. (p. 36). keeps. talking. to. the. in the turn-around. parked. blinker. said, and. seat.. on. top,. Another. Ⅲubbard. gate.. At. outside. dim man. a. in the leaned. fierce. returns. the. and. (p. 34). some-. says. gate:. the gate. gray. look.. It had. a. light of early. against. the fence.. decal. on. evening. He. was.

(6) 6. Betb. The. had. men. "So. The. A. few. minutes. didn't bin. a. given. The. man. been. blown. Lewis. without. replies:. back. well. without. was. of him.. But. anyone. to. car.. Bragg.. When. I looked. when. him. back. He. me.. about. at. I felt. up,. (p. 38). to. turned. the unarmed,. of the. Fort. worried. helpless.. that. versus. armed. inferiority. to the. He. of friendly feelings. description. the rifle, the. spoke. to be. to. completely.. him.. see. uniform,. the right. provocative. goes. to. glad. back. them. get. change. and that. up. had. succinct. the. and. fire, but. a. of. will. feelings. l had. get. he. and. narrator's. weapon,. mind,. strong. along. Nobody. cold.. the narrator's the. to. without. and. has. come. earlier. me. want. now,. hard. Wolff. to. his rifle, the. cocks. of the dangers. them. warn. (p. 37). what?". tells them. man. Lewis. to. come. B. HigglnS. disdain.. sadistic. shows. the superiority. senses. and. In of. weak.. Hubbard. has. Hubbard. said. "Tell. his. retained. Lewis. thinks. iscrazy.. "Tell. me. if this place. goes. "That's. tries to get. concern. I liked didn't a. Soon. some. other. "Ⅰ'm Deputy. The. three. him.. In. a. ignore. to. It. man. comes. Chief. it. As. been. team. supposed. to do. the. told. made,. to. fence. the. he. and. tries to. convince. deputy. chief. back. not. He. held. them. to. to. is grinning.. quality. me.. about. Getting. hurt. it. But was. up. a. old. (p. 39). card.. leave with. said.. "You. (p. 39). dump,. Lewis. Hubbard,. but. the. won't. I. just. himself.. reason. Ⅲubbard. narrator. growing. identifies. tries to. off,''. or. the. last-stand. a. happen,. luck,. said.. but. It had. would. like bad. to. Lewis,. on. up. anything. Ellingboe,". he. said.. interesting.. was. that. people. last attempt,. "You've. we're. what. (p,38). said.. narrator. believe. really. Lewis. of mine,". this situation.. choice. the. the. me. up.". no. "Jesus," Ⅲubbard. He. hick,". something,. threatens fails.. be told again.".

(7) Fiction. "Boys,. deputy. threw. start the. his. men. he's. (p･ 40). head･. man's. without. to･. what. we. don't. they. so,. we. it,I. Every. time. of. back. to. but. cheek. direction. and. he. and. all three. the post,. and. way. another. the narrator. the. and. laughing. stopped. one. in the. us. of. we. were. a. sweet. was. We. together･. ground. talking,. sometimes air･ In. I. arms. my. that. and that. were. our. day,. that. knew. good･. laughing･. put. and. we. stood. room,. like. now･. something. was. stuff. his hands. buddies. thought. had. rifle, feeling. my. with. (p･ 42). done. we. We. all started out. myself. are. had. we. two･. or. threw. just reached we. that. of the orderly. we. and. they. separate;. now,. suddenly. reasonable,". about. drive. the. l steadied. course,. hour. the steps. Hubbard. to. of. an. made on. sat. there.. his. starts blowing. suicide mission.. believed. we. for. a. want. weren't,. believe were. we. changes. the wind. on. night. potholes. from. returning. men･. thing. That. the. through. saying. proven. the wind. while,. stop. After. to. laugh.. they. a. into. smack. (p･ 41). shot.. off･ In. unable. flew. hero.. a. commando. be. are. bounced. we. drive. and. They. in camp. Back. it at the. aimed. grasshopper. if be'd been. as. up. is gone,. smoke. a. arms. give. coughing.. As. and. A. over.. all. shaking. up. imagines. his rifle up. swung. was. two. 7. Wolff. Tobias. of. chief:. -. The. Works. be reasonable.". Ⅲubbard. The. The. Truth:. and. a. high. would. giggle. We. in. were. a. think state･. (pp･. it off again･. set. and. said,"Boys,. I didn't. middle･. their shoulders･. on. he. voice. in the. was. just sitting. mostly. 42-43). They. On bowling. movie.. from. swollen. Keith. was. that. But. he. nettle. had. using Keith. during. drugs. might. his leave. can. Also,. unpleasant Ever. While. the. he. was. talking. he. goes. he to. had. go. he can't. confesses. school, with. a. the. way. in. was. a. She is worried had. narrator. his mother,. told his mother. and. through. the. his right band,. use. he. together. movie. all the. his mother･. Vietnam･. to. comments. because. with. high. Finally,. He. narrator. talk. since. be dead･ before. bowl. scarcely. they. evening. things･. spoils. stings.. another. one. mood;. Lewis. is still missing.. who. brother. the. night,. the. he had. because. Keith. bowling･. go. another,. mind. to maintain. want. it had that. mood. sick. about. suspected. even. he. still. bad. would. crossed look. his his for.

(8) 8. Beth. At are. to. sent. the. from. across. He. the. was. like. We'd. been. that and. you. heard. As. the. moving. First. be. to. "If you. didn't. curled. at the. up. but he doesn't. He. ends.. respond.. to talk,". allowed. are. you. be. to. supposed. a. he. brothers?". he. said. "Doesn't freedom. defending. the girl said. his breath.. under. HSpeak. "Your. me.. he. up,H. the. Prince. man. loudly･. said. nHaven't. be. wouldn't. to. He. sisters in Vietnam. and. Valiant. next. him･. at. brothers. there. go,. C. Ⅰ.A. robot,". you. ever. don't. want. war.". any. said.. me.. looked. at. think. me･りI. friend's. your. a. got. said. I. trembling･ The. sun. got. quiet･. to. wanted. was. take. rifle to that. my. baking. overhead, All along. helmets.. our. of his and. smile Sweat. ran. feel the tautness. the line l could. it down. put. down. our. of something. faces, about. (p. 46). is about. backed. yours,". he. to the. said yelled. back･. sing. some. to. go. back.. protesters. Valiant. they. hair. not. swearing. talking. Prince. stepped. black. to the girl. next. Amendment?〟. said･. situation the. and is standing. in. of them. anyway.. "You're. at him･. smiled. Valiant. break,. leader. name,. have. Here. began. me. smiled. sergeant. After. to. Prince. Everything. l wouldn't. to kill your. said. his gullet.. his. his bead.. "Cocksucker,". was. his long. him. asks. and. want. Valiant. war,''she. I. One. protesters.. They. (p. 45). paradoxical?. girl kept. problem,". antiwar. to be their. girl, and. shook. next. of the. "Don't. some. his company.. talk.". man. Tbe. the. to, but. not. do you. Prince. into. integrated. more. control. out. Valiant.. as. can't. The. turns. herself. you. "Why. to. Prince. Valiant. strike. to. post. He. than. told. Prince. to become. narrator.. introduces. Thegirl. a. him･. prettier. looked. begins. of the. gate. irritates. particular. he. this time,. about. B. HigglnS. at. the. Prince. more,. out. But. away･. HYou. man. Valiant. then. who. me. laughed. leave,. more. and. and. the. forward. back. get gave. help. some. stepped. to. patrol. arrive. and. start. confrontation.. get. should. me,. beside. one. highway. the. control, is. there. beside. man. of. us. soldiers. with out. in line. He the. are. finger.. that. problem. of line.･･･ The hesitated.. Then. (p. 47). relieved, the. narrator:. of first he.

(9) Fiction. still trembling.. was. -. This. is. scene. soldiers. young. volatility. of the. talked. to. It. had. Bob. a. had. insensitivity. Lewis's. At. Wolff the. depicted. Army,. the. the. all the. tension. they. authority. dump,. the. the. uniforms, has. and. guns. At. dump.. their. protest,. their. when. happened,. the. first time. KP. duty,. in. joined. of. a. and are. represent. his. and. happened. if they'd. (p. 47). conversation.. in and. walks. involved.. declines. others,. general. Lewis. been. hadn't. narrator. feelings. the. I'd. have. would. the protest,. he. The. what. and. about. movie.. to. the. (p. 47). ammunition. guns,. 9. Wolff. too.. upset,. at the. of their. Tobias. of. were. one. had. was. Hope. men. power. of this conversation he. Works. they:. what. loose.. us. Because. narrator. in camp,. The. of the. soldiers. about. In the middle talk.. other. in the. armed. Back. turned. The. felt it conferred.. they. -. Truth:. escalation. reveled. authority. challenged.. an. and. listens to them he. Suddenly, Lewis. off by. goes. inappropriate. invites. timing,. the. himself. truly. are. stunnlng.. Shortly The. after the confrontation. first victim. The. bad. Now. The. the. infantry. an. back. on. his. -･. the. Hubbard. pants. is. was. company. under. dollars when. his wallet. was:. he. while. like. victim:. slept.. (p. 48). first sergeant. The. a. second. family,. What. --. lectures. gives. sort. of. a. man. how:. about. would. turn. his. (p. 49). kind?. own. The. of them.. one. in the barracks.. (p. 48). much.. stolen. hundred. a. begins. stealing. because. suspicion. he. is. new.. He. thinks. Lewis. feels. under. because:. too,. Lewis. that. was. thief. feels. narrator. suspicion,. it. be lost. says. who. his pillow.. under. his fatigue. it's clear. -. corporal. doubts. narrator. -. a. from. taken. -. is. the protesters,. with. carried. time.. reacts. himself. the. same. way. -. swaggerlng. and. glaring. (p. 49). differently,. but it turns. out. that's. because. of his grief.. at. everyone. all.

(10) 10. Beth. He. dates,. their. Soon. Hubbard. from. his pants.. is, bits him. he. replies. that. he. As. hadn't. Do. exactly,". so. their. conversation.. ends. with. him. For. and. he?. What. kind. Five. tells him. be. didn't. dump. and. something.. No. it, he. about. him,. to be alone.. wants. ammunition. really. died. how. that. and back. goes. and. the. but another. do. it, Hubbard tells him. Hubbard. the narrator:. asks. like the. you. wonder. doesn't have. narrator. his building. to. he will react. dark. more. of person. if he. be thinks. where. is wounded.. such about. Chapter. Four. do. My. open.. brood. to. like. thing. a. eyes. l began. angry. would. my. with. that?. unhappiness. made. the thief. Who. about. was. (p. 54). begins:. and. trying. to hitch. they. pass. him with. He. narrator. hears. about. worried. it. stall, whoever. thinking.. l became. as. shuffles. alone.. he. shower. dead?". have. l lay in the. while. Lewis. pictures. with. his wallet. steals. the narrator. he's be. you're. he wonders. in his bunk. long. angry,. When. When says. someone. when. the steamy. nose.. at the. "Boy,. is upset. narrator. Then. me. and. his friends. that. lying. a. him. killed, along. (p. 52). tells him The. him.. being. he said.. much.". friends.. also. about. exactly.". close. Our. think. you. "Not. Hubbard. Chapter. they. "Not. Army. by. did. thing. shower. is that. reason. badbeen. (p. 50). a. his. Kirk. and. through. breaks. One. away.. taking. person. and. suspected. dumb. the. face. the. Vogel Fourth.. the. He's. be absolved. to. he. "･-. be notices. friends on. smashup. right. wants. regrets. car. in the. bin. see. is that. a. is the third victim.. hard. to. wants. in. His. (p.49). to wilt.. seemed. B. HigglnS. him.. has. the. they. context. of. chapter,. one-third. Hope. entire. by. and. so. angry. he. him. third. novella,. it's in. and. gives. he. that. talk. Five. but. actor. Bragg,. all the. at. glares. to himself. muttering. his friends it's not. as. drivers. into going fun. much. and to. the. going. (pp. 54-55). come.. person. the. of Fort. couldn't. to. itself, Chapter. novella,. of the. is. out. is his favorite it to. owed. disappeared. he. leading. because. angry. Bob. Taken. disappeared.. road. ride, but. a. He's. up.. thinks. the. along. narration is in the. historical. is back! present. present.. considerable. The. background. Taken. tense.. It's by. tense. past. far and. the a. has in the. longest different.

(11) Fiction. to. perspective. have. would. does. Lewis's. activities. when. has. brief. Lewis. knows. a. toward. heading. He. the. someone's. They. did find the bead,. never. street. got. He. takes. The. story. tionally. the. rude;. car･. man. hostile. he. just doesn't. know. had. says. crams. and. has. He. him. describes. a. a. car. like. this. one. off by. a. metal. figures. four. sticks. fire. a. of his･. concern. he. is. follows. thought. who. no. cut. Lewis. ride･ There. soldier. clothesline･. of the dogs. one. it. drove. and. the. on. but. and. better.. the. he. forces. some. a. picture. of. form. is accepted,. behavior,. The. teacher. the. by as. and. is about. gum. until he. to. out. takes. (p. 55). nods.. manners‖. holds. it at him. stabs. followed. his outlandish any. and. Lewis. smiles. lost his head,. gum. manners. dropping. in his mouth,. the last stick. unwrapped his. his head,. Despite. one･. allows. As. officer･. him. young. his head. his. the. when. tense. (p. 55). shy.. offers. guarding. Lewis. it Lewis. who. and. remembers. shakes on. tense. past. narration. Army. an. obtuse. got. the humorousりremembers. a. not. he. chew. his pleasure. and. but. man,. to. about. then. teacher,. teacher. he starts. it. When. of the. when. Present. present. it somewhere･. of gum. the floor. on. the teacher.. buried. Continued. others.. nervous,. was. in Lawton and. is. father. was. either･. package. it in his mouth. to put. the gum,. a. out. the wrappers. gross. of it and. ahold. he. night. The. teacher:. He. post.. the rough,. fellow. one. yard. on. dump. a. Lewis･. on. omniscient. The. his convertible. with. that. The. teacher.. his dead. ammunition. tells the teacher. across. The. consonant. or. of his actions･ why.. a. school. stops. focusing. himself. ll. Wolff. himself.. with. because. teacher. of Lewis. portrayal. encounter. well. the. along,. off by. goes. elementary. Army. the. walking. the. at. works. -. He. a. he. into. questioning. without. of Tobias. this by. interpretation. some. he. as. insight. no. almost. necessitated. do. just. to. has. He. Works. It does. of thievery･. the episodes. suits Lewis.. tense. The. Truth:. and. there's notices. behavior. coarse. no. gum a. crude. hint. Lewis's. he's. with on. the. young. inten-. red, swollen. hand.. What. did you. Nothing,. on. put. Lewis. it? the. teacher. asks.. says.. Nothing? Ⅰ'm in.the. For. Lewis,. simply. bears. the. fact. Lewis. Army,. he's. the pain･. The. a. says.. (p. 57). soldier explains teacher. recommends. why. he he. doesn't use. take. calamine. care. lotion･. of himself; Lewis. he. doesn't.

(12) 12. Betb. know up. end. it is. He. what. that. misunderstands house.. the teacber's. at. B. ⅢigglnS. Lewis. the teacher. sits in the. to. wants. living. room. bin. give. and they. some,. the teacher. while. the. gets. lotion.. He. the bottle. gives. to Lewis. then. -,. Lewis. that. sees. doesn't know. to do with. what. it.(p.59). This or. sentence. take. the perception. softens of himself.. care. He's. of Lewis.. He. by. dumbfounded. seems. so. lotion.. calamine. life. to deal with. unequipped The. teacher. takes. care. of him.. He. sits in the. lotion. into the. over. chair. across. his palm,. then. Lewis. The. burning. of Lewis's cardinal. He. lotion. the. of his He. teaches the. does the. I have. some. before.. up. the lotion. Lewis. leans one. outside,. The. teacher. back. and. it in,. work. Lewis's. hand. is. of three. hand,. hand. circular. and. rhythmic.. After. which. always. hurts,. stomach. becoming. on. fear. feeling. birds. brutes. of being. and. anywhere. heat. the. he. He. the teacher. time. slatterns,. else,. his eyes.. leave. a. directly. The. room. can. he. is. identify. little, the. little by forgets. what. the. children. he. his hatred. of. forgets. he forgets. forgets. out,. more. shakes closes. Lewis's. is silent. For. He once. teacher. The. gray.. his hand. Lewis. is still. Ⅲe breathes. where. Then. he. that. sees. has. teacher. down. his. sense. he is. being. of. Lewis's. and so. no. peacefully. Lewis's. eyes. are. idea are. bird. the. when. joined,. and. deeply. open.. There. fingers. that is. a. the thin. them. his hand. unclasps. to admit. and. looks. he is asleep.. of light upon The. I had. fingers.. some. pours to. starts. and. thick. into. room. thinks. gleam. the wrist. He. close.. Lewis.. singing･. teacher. chair. alone.. absolutely. interlaced.. by. feels fine. I wish. wrist.. bent his. and. Then. band. the. is singing. his. seem. who. stopped. own. forgets. house. So. the. pulls. between. drinks. skin. cool, blue. A. doing･. knuckles,. That. says.. the back. motions. He. hot.. Hey!. rubs. Lewis. Lewis's. takes. dimpled. swollen,. unbelievably. onto. from. that. stuff. from. Lewis's. is all right, Lewis. hand. says.. I might. just go. and buy. me. abottle. The. it.Go. teacher. screws. the. cap. on. and. holds. the bottle. on.. Lewis. takes. it. Thanks,. he. says.. (pp. 59-60). out.. Here,. he. says.. Keep.

(13) Fiction. Lewis. is. Wolff. uses. feisty. a. cool, blue "one. birds. three into. vinegar. the. a. than. rather. no. possibility. an. iciness,. bird. things. never. in exquisite. heat.. feels. knotted-up peace. fades. to. healing. the. gray,. The. Their. is given.. leans. into. friendless. the. It all ends. He. of the seat.. are. stops,. the. =skin. raw,. drives him. teacher. Lewis. music. his. manifestation. hands. into. corner,. A. the. singing. red. away. the know. we. finds. teacher. hand.. the. The. nervous,. loneliness. their. of healing.. scene. the. ceases,. Thus. The. and color The. is withdrawn.. touch. thank-you.. a. town.. lovely. The. forget. soldier. young. blue,. the lotion. coolness.. leave. of pain,. movement. with. the. is. cold. a. the. is. There. rubbing. by. bird. of the. life force.. teacher. is. sensed. is soothing.. is comforted. drinks". entwined.. one. The. two. are. hanging. arm. the leather. strokes. of the. and. "red". word. Moreover,. on. is red. to drift toward. cheerful.. skin". hand. red. of the. little. a. unconsciously the. is. cardinal. attention. The. room. image. movement. that. the. and. blue. an. soothing,. "burning. as. subtle,. cool,. is singing,. painful,. peace. the. focuses. face.. is painful;. band. the. the. and. It throws. swollen. red. of the blue will start. outside. The. a. connections. hand,. rhythmical. heat,. the. together.. lotion. top. finds. teacher. find. the. Lewis's. hand. red that. It also. maudlin.. with. of the. red. swollen,. functions.. two. of the elements. one. observation. course,. redhead color. coolness. rhythm.. Lewis. he. as. and. a. hot, red. balance: by. Song. to be cooling. peace. the. the red bird. is accompanied. painful. keeps The. get. but, of. is. the contrasting. to. going. Lewis. of the. context. because. are. aren't. stated.. has. identify". mentioned,. fact,. explicitly. In the. cheerful.. colors. The. can. is. Color. singing.. Its omission. unnecessary.. finds peace.. to the red cardinal teacher. 13. Wolff. of the hot,. is red; in. cardinal. be. scene. of Tobias. contrast. the. is. Works. The. scene;. Red. the cardinal.. The. in this. the transition.. links. room. of. but. character,. to achieve. Truth:. and. with. silent.. the. over. just that. door. car. the. and. his dog. tenderness. on. other to. used. feel.. (p.61). The. that. word. covers. which Thus,. Lewis. were. plastic,. Lewis. with. image. of Lewis. of. before, need. is put. in mind. his behavior. would. tenderness.. seems. to connect. happy. is Tbe. stroking. a. sweet, someone. little calamine. teacher. drops. badn't seat. of this. vulnerable, or. a. would. and. something,. painfully 1S. an. us. to. evoked.. acute. associate house,. just another. His. animal's If the seat. what loneliness,. All it takes. the. example. Butgiven. man.. unaware,. Clearly. allows. provide. young. of. in the teacher's. scene. probably. dim-witted,. forノSeat. material form. tenderness.. "1eather''. the. one. the. he showed. creature. been. It's the. therefore. and. bizarre, but. seem. Still, if there. behavior. with. of animals. of his dog,. the leather. "leather.". is. together. the hide. with. inappropriate he. image. the. connects. body.. the. holds. to. make. went. his him. lotion. him. off at the movie. theater.. As. is his custom,. Lewis. starts. right.

(14) 14. Betb. comments. on. Tinkerbell,. Lewis. off making appears. he. what. B. Higgins. sees. the. on. During. screen.. the. Tinkerbell. cartoons. and:. Tinkerbell. out of his mind. street,. fact, he's. a. do. the. the theater, for. town. He. virgin.. bad. to. a. the hated. get. the bottle. throws. get. his stomach. the word. can't. bragged. girl. He. a. decides. something. he bears. Lewis. lot of trouble.. leaves. He. hunts. and. -. a. stirs up. When. says.. of the first sergeant. word. lotion. of calamine his sexual. about. (p. 62). clenches.. down. the. on. but,. conquests,. in. to:. prostitute,. (p. 65). ･-. Actually:. Most own. H. in town. of the prostitutes they. and. aren't. are. but. charitable,. they. aren't. Their. women.. reasonable. crazy. reasons. their. are. (p. 64). either.. owever:. Lewis Sbe shows. picks is older. her ginger. He. will. tries to. had. forgotten. takes. the. the. rest And. the. ten. her. back. herself.. (p. 65). in. a. She pulls. tries to a. knife. close and. herself. her. and. is furious. because. she. wbat's. wrong.. understand They agrees. treats. the. door. be. leaves. never. bargain to. accept. in the movie on. him. saying. but she. he pushes keep. In. up.. he. thinks He the. price he. and. few. in. years. bring. might. her. because. has. his way it. a. offers,. only. ringed. melted. follows. the eight. theater. can. ice has. picks. about. are. eyes. The. she's in. trouble. dark. the bar.. at. the. and. and. She. on. money. looking,. all day. girls.. reasonable. and forth. motel.. dollars she asks.. and. hair. She. doesn't. filled with. the best. is sitting by. right there.. spent. bar. a. not. she pushes. bungalow. he had. money. back,. money. her. to her. the. to. and. brushed. her, but Lewis. on. and. have. doesn't. be talking. down. bar. others. hasn't. ale, which. proposition. the police of the. She. the. in. one. crazy. like bruises. She. circles. she. than. plainly.. with. the. out. but. out he he. six･ She. in to get. and he'll bring. his her. tomorrow. so. Lewis. has. never. begins. stealing. to. pay. He. the prostitute.. never. dreams. of borrowing. money.. He. borrowed. anything. from. anyone.. To. Lewis. there. is. no. difference.

(15) Fiction. between. borrowing. In his first theft, wallet. lying. -. He. he. wbicb. finishes. The. They. at. no. the. (p･69). questions.. two. than. more. dollars. from. his. been. under. his. corporal. the. claims He. had. wallet him. at. stares. the corporal's. against. which. they. no. dinner･. during. After. he. Lewis's. (p. 69). hard.. The. anger･. is that. last straw. company･. think. in the. nobody. he thinks･. outsider,. chair,. to. adds in the. bighandmighty. so. (p. 68). dollars･. is somebody. is angry. his challenge is. the thief. the. He. of them.. one. what dump. matter. me.". ask. But. is ignored･. ammunition. "what's. his lying. with. to understanding. the. if you. the. out. attention. thief. thief who. a. is the key day. little. ask. He. so. gets. company. worked. could. up. he can't. ever. do. sleep. that. they. are. him.. motivates. these. purposely. drives. what. feels. he had. with. victim,. him. distraction. to. him.. snubbing He. him,. challenges. insists that. is angier. is that. Ⅲe's. no. no. one. this. outsider;. he be accepted･. That. said:. fellows. here,. anyway?. meet. one. Pretty. stuck. on. themselves. (p. 34). And:. burns. "what. and. somewhere. He. had. "Ⅰ'm. a. (p. 69). when. thinks. a. gets. to. 15. Wolff. and:. bumps. like that. I'm. night.. is. hates. even. sight.. hundred. a. up. gets. pays. are. thing. This. he. thinks. nobody. finds. contained. deliberately. corporal. he. corporal,. in plain. he. when. eating,. -. yet. his bunk. had. and. He. of Tobias. sees:. on. is incensed. pillow. the. Works. The. begging.. and. from. Truth:. and. me,". they. -. look. "is how past. you. you. like. concluded:. just. as. good. as. them,". --. (p. 35). they. never. of them saw. in the you.". PX. or. (p･ 35). downtown.

(16) 16. Beth. Lewis's him. reactions. are. reasoning. unpredictable;. Wolff. nevertheless,. makes. believable. In his. previous. a. -. was. had them. In the. that. the. is sleeplng,. on. up. and. He A. can. back. Although. goes. The. present. read:. thief balled. his empty. with. all knew,. we. Lewis. the bunks. them. picks. to bed.. up. There. wallet. these. as. them. things. are. up. wakes. finds. at night,. everyone. account. The. until he finds. he. stuffs. is not refuted. takes. and. the wallet. describes. it was. as. lying. pants. the money. out. into the. trash. the first theft,. there. of the second. theft.. pants. and. concerning. stressed the intimacy. account. previous. simply. of fatigue. pair. the latrine. to. goes. and. a. (p. 70). account. in tone.. up. bill. Then. five-dollar. the previous. difference. Now. Five,. of Chapter. along. of the. (p. 48). us.. of. between. walks. of the wallet. and. one. theft･. slept. The. facts. the. narration,. he. while. in the latrine this. lies about. no. he:. footlocker.. a. was. stolen. can. about. narration. and. gets. -. thief. are. first person. was. pants. trash. intimate. omniscient. there. when. a. There. five dollars.. his fatigue into. something. known,. a. account,. man. stuffed. and. he gets. theft. second. theft. The. is. tangled. and. B. HigglnS. the. actions. the. notes. and. amount. of. money. obtained. Lewis's else. He has. outside her bungalow,. four. She. dollars.. of the six dollars are. from. and. he thinks. and. says. about. the. will. can't. and. back. in his company,. finds fun with. back. in her. lets him. in. Once. because. she. inside,. pretty. find her,. her.. and. He. offers. reminds. Lewis's. much. he. that. can't. with. hand. everybody. Now. her. wishes. controls. what. of:. (p. 75). move. Lewis. he's making come. point. as. well. for the prostitute,. the money. She. as. the thefts.. about. she brings. man. forces. before.. look. him. at. lecture to. a. rid of. to the. he. up. town. look. just. professional. asleep.. wakes. men. she's. tightly. thinking he. her. to end,. fallen. be. when. She is enraged, dressed. so. she has. though. himself,. It's clear. him. to. but he. him,. given. beginning. holding. -. bad. be goes. and gets. refuses. he. ignored,. mostly. happens. even. dollars,. seven. is to. victim. to the first sergeant's. attention. over. stolen. waits her. no. pays. his second. to. reaction. tells her she's. he loves. of her, and money.. how. too,. awake. they. again. Back. had. at. her. as. again pulls camp. fought. falls asleep. she sleeps,. a. tells her. he. knife. him.. on. the following together. loves He. her. gets. mornlng. in Vietnam. and:.

(17) Fiction. what. -. better.. them. This. He'wishes. is crying.. We. is. The. After. Lewis. since. turns. around.. he. Hey!. is disintegrating:. He. felt strange. doing. he. will. else. that, surprised. himself. watch. doesn't realize. the. and. looks. the wallet.. neutral. Dear. and. fifteen. from. letter. his second. about than. more. man. Son,. how. don't. of God.. to know. gotten. man's. he. feels. down. helpless. The. how. sad, like. man. completely. won't. Just. up･. find. be detected. anyone. without. and. he can't. shower･. he. back. pants. goes. a. demonstrates. it's unlikely. so. days. else. is there･. then. the. man. (p･ 78). a. sound･. a. bystander･. What. to the stands. he hit him･ regrets. keeps.. He. He. angry. was. he has. what looks. at. died.. The. end. every. person. in the parade. done. the. his first victim,. with to. He. Hubbard.. pictures. ground. then. and. finds. reads. a. begins:. (p. 79). describes. Dear,. he that. mother. few. taking. man. place. until he gets. is sorry. which. had. (p. 78). but he. victim,. dollars. Hubbard's. He. man. and. is Hubbard. He. through. do?. a. of. only. the. he. following. incident. hour. the. and. personality. Lewis's. the. dinner. he tries to hang. hits him. Lewis. says.. The. this. is probably. wishes. (p. 77). the wallet and. it's the. He. --. remorse,. any. he notices. the wallet,. gets. other. 17. Wolff. of Tobias. this way.. not. he feels. shower. particularly. -. was. Works. each. this is Hubbard,. know. he. miserable. The. to. are. he. to steal. Finally,. money. crying. they. first indication. is the. any. friends. good. Truth:. and. Hubbard's. friends had. forget. ever. Remember. that. that. each. always. and you. and. will. never. of the. on. go. letter. this earth wrong.. says:. is. Your. a. beautiful. loving. gift. Mother･. (p.80). Lewis. -. she. thinks. how. mistaken. if she. knew. about. would. know. she. the. something. is and:. woman. real. in town. and give. and. all the things. different. advice.. Lewis. (p, 80). has. done,. then.

(18) 18. Betb. However,. be throws. when. He. goes. directly. into. her. breaks. the. away. bungalow. and. He. starts. he. thinks.. to drift. The He. pulls free. He. lies. is shown. darkness. he. somehow. for the prostitute.. waits.. of his personality. disintegration. wallet,. to hunt. to town. B. EigglnS. Again,. down. on. the. to. on. letter.. the. be. can't. bed,. in. find her dark.. the. he. so. The. as:. into. he passes. of it and. holds. He. sits up.. is not sleep, but I have. thinks,. else. No,. something to get. got. out. of here.. (pp. 81-82). Outside. he. He. The. Lewis. that. Shoot,. it gives he. wishes. The. Lewis. That. him. Lewis. The. seems. example:. the he. to. tell bin. has. sees. imagines. man. formation. (p. 83). know. tbere's. and. to start. everything. over,. but:. goes. wrong.. (p. 83). thinks:. Ⅲubbard. thinks.. what. on. cast. metal He. will. friends. good. his make. they. is arguing. with. be in. as. he. notices. a. trance. that. in front. come. it's all history. of the. Oh. nose.. it up. to. what. Then:. he thinks,. Hubbard.. He. Lewis. (p. 83). now.. company.. Loyd,. will become.. someone.. thief in his company.. barracks. a. to worry,. not. first sergeant. to. is going. and. fair.. Then:. everywhere.. (p. 82). to steal, he. seem. nerves. could. hurts,. new. special. intend. barking. howls.. and. a. a. dogs. and. says:. first sergeant. ･･･. like. calls. It doesn't. ･･.･. stars. feels. doesn't. first sergeant. -. He. be. morning,. of noises. to the. the first sergeant. -. The. all kinds. lifts his face. next. Now. bears. I didn't. do that.. ･･･. (p. 83). becomes. aware. that:. (p, 84). the other. men. are. doing. and. follows. their.

(19) Fiction. their. emptying. -. Then. bends. Hubbard. Lewis. does. tells the first sergeant for. wait. of Tobias. helmets. and. 19. Wolff. their. unblousing. (p. 84). boots.. at him,. Look forces. and. The. it up. first time,. Lewis. Looking. meaning.. will. it will. always. Lewis. stands. The. sun. his shoulder. He. stares. The. Son". has. ended her. advised. son. loving. Mother". After. the. puts. dreamlike. his band. Hubbard.. with. but也e. they. as. quality. Lewis's. under. chin. (p. 84). he. time. second. pities him･. Hubbard. their. understands. Then. Lewis. that. senses. his life.. it could. way. have. been.. happens. Whatever. from. now. on,. (p. 85). of his neck.. the back. on. then. They. another.. Everything. glitters.. betrayed. A. make. his friend,. is still.. drop. of sweat. him. shiver.. down. slides. between. (p. 85). letter. Hubbard's. "Your. loving. Mother.". bow. to. her,. and. be. any. everyone. now. loⅢg Chapter. Five. had. mother. is. memory. of her,. knows portraying. he. himself. written.. of the. information. no. is his. He. in the letter. and. It spoke. good. There. bad. (p. 85). his company,. of the. to feel the Mother. seems. face. that. sees. He. again.. to. words,. changed. less.. is hot. lived with. ever. a. there:. cast. because and. is. Hubbard.. metal. covered. be. blades,. past. Lewis. he. be the. ever. says. is face. bears. only. irrevocably. Nothing. let. not. could. (p･ 84). is. There. the wallet. Lewis. something.. Lewis. at Hubbard,. has. stealing. to bin.. belong. the first sergeant until. the letter that. out. the wallet.. is saying. first sergeant. takes. and. not. where. to retrieve. someone. The. had. Works. their. the helmet. over. he's forgotten. of, that. go. As. into. pockets. The. :. -. the. Truth:. and. knew. couldn't. The. betrayal letter. value. of "every. about. Lewis's. anything let go. is the barracks Lewis,. His. Chapter. began. "Dear. person". mother. about. of that. dis-. was. her. and if he. -. at. letter from. all. He "Your. thief･. Six switches. back. to. the.

(20) 20. Beth. previous. first person. narration. standing. in formation. consists. in Chapter. Six is nearly. tion. about. what. In the. beginning. -. up. walked. Finally,. he. starts. He. said. had. The. had. the. He. the. our. He. describes. how. passing tion or. that with. "the. them. into. our. they. the. feelings.. an. there tbat.. like. how. on. the. front. the. begin. was;. of the. thief.. inspecting. the. character. they. and. from. crucially. the first sergeant. upset. of the moral. mention. thief. (p. 86). It differs. was.. A barracks. was,. He:. guilty.. (p. 86). between. an. old. corporal. first sergeant. the. and. to:. helmets. and. leave. in the. and Lewis. on. chapter. argument. with. Hubbard. inspect. hanging. the pockets. first sergeant. to the. seem. had. thief. to. thing on. went. focused. no. of this is described. the first sergeant. soldiers. the brief realiza-. except is. there. someone;. some. mentions. (p.87). out.. no. mention. of why. whom.. When discover. orders. pitiful. He. wbicb. look.. occurs. pockets. by. None. informa-. (p. 85). the lowest. somehow. that. argument. empty. -. description. more. considerably. his personal. ･-. was. Hubbard. l should. first sergeant. the. when. us. bad. was. is feeling. bow. The. men. the first sergeant:. kind,. Lewis. on. brings. relates. thief. how. first sergeant narrator. and feelings.. narratorgives. as. of. own. There. of. wondered. -. barracks. nerves.. the. soldiers,. in front. emphasizes. case. thoughts. of the. softly.. in the chapter. a. After. a. Fiveヲs description. recounting. silence. his back･o血his. description. he. first sergeant. the. Lewis. that. letter". which. Hubbard. "letter". made. has. He. and. is the thief, there Hubbard. in front. stopped. his helmet.. The. talking. turned. description. was. The. as. well. down. and. long.. as. Chapter. tense.. of Lewis's. mostly. as. there. that. in the past. twice. happened. B. HigglnS. become. a. mere. realize. of Lewis it. unfolded. is another. and. and. looked. "piece. bent. was. down. difference. the. second Previously,. thief. This. and took. a. time. and. it. was. time:. piece. of paper. from. (p. 88). over.. of paper.". a. company. marked. Lewis. it. the. The. narrator. doesn't. know. anything.

(21) Fiction. the. about. Truth:. and. The. Works. Wolff. of Tobias. 21. letter.. Ⅲe feels. All my. huge. a. veins. sense. up.. opened. he's. that. now. of relief. I felt the rush. not. under. behind. ofblood. suspicion･. I. eyes.. my. (p･. innocent･. was. 88). As. in the. previous. "you. "the. stole from. he. chapter They. at himりwere. understands. his whole those. narrator. a. look. Lewis. eyes,. is still." The. shaking. -. then,. while;. Then. he. as. everyone. crime. past. wasn't. of Chapter watches,. life has. eyes,. the. -. Next. bent. over,. Lewis. there's. a:. howl. -. After. he. -I. gets. and:. his feet. doing. (p.89). --. back. wheezing.. up. he. (p. 89). is:. a. jig to. chin. up. until. stay. under. him.. (p. 89). rendered. In Chapter changed.. last sentence. Six tells what. (p. 89). is staggering. at him.". previously. (p. 89). convulsively. asoftcry--. look. included.. gives:. -. Hubbard･. at. Lewis's. pushed. something.". is "Everything for. He. The. looking. there. "You. said.. again.. the first 〃you. and shivering,. stand. to look. (pp. 88-89). sweating. there. stands. is saying. said. Hubbard.. with. this boyけand. Hubbard's. sees. first sergeant. the. the first sergeant. to face. first sergeant. when. and. face. Lewis. forces. move.. him,". at. was. =you. The. this boy,". did not. "Look Lewis. from. stole. Lewis. the first sergeant. account,. begins:. happens. Five, As. he. of the next･.

(22) 22. Beth. He. looks. at Hubbard. little whimpering. ･･･. Then. he. After. The. face,. scene. drew. his knees. him,. on. went. (p. 89). on.. and. he goes:. Lewis:. as. until his forehead. over. laughthat. (p. 89). climaxes. bent. haunted-house. a. lightly slaps. to his knees.. -. (p. 89). noises.. first sergeant. the. -. are:. is shrieking:. in Hubbard's. ･･･. there. and. B. ⅢigglnS. up. was. to his chin. almost. the. on. hugged. and. flopped. He. ground.. them. his side. onto. rolled back. and. and. forth.. and. (pp. 89-90). The. first sergeant. Lewis,. over. -. dismisses. This. is. a. be. and. his knees. depiction. near-clinical. public humiliation.. It ends. unveiled. his secret.. still." In. this account,. a. hugged. who. company. booted. and. Ⅲubbard. and. up. remain. at them. standing:. from. the. red. packed. (p. 90). earth.. bard;. the. It is. with an. it doesn't give. And. red face,. who. didn't. Lewis. in. three. the earth. know. bow. fetal position,. a. to. contrast. extreme last. the. breakdown. of mental. to take. hooting. previous. "packed. are. words is red.. the. This. young. at. in the face. the. men. is. paratrooper. who. Packed. earth.". a. is. earth. redhead,. red band.. That. wailing.. That. same. of. have. "Everything. ending:. red. of his swollen,. care. hysteria. and. is. with. hand. hurt:. 1ikecrazy. -. after. -･. it hit Hubbard.. cardinal humiliation, That. in the. Now. Lewis tree. teacher's. rawness,. night. (p. 78). is lying was. merry.. on. the This. red. earth. red. is another. sort:. palm.. at dinner. some. of the. men,. including. the. first sergeant:. red. primal. of the anger,.

(23) Fiction. kept. -. to themselves. The. others. done. it. The. men. be. (p, 91). care. to be. going. you. -. bim.. Hubbard. has. it was. had. I had. was. than. more. thoro口gbly. myself. in retirement･. already. That. could bandle･. we. threw. the. on. stands. taken. never. narrator. in such. narrator. my. talks. Don't. asks. parade in. part. blanket. one,. his head. over. He. ground.. had. worked. The. power we. night. tells bin. but be's surprised. that if tbere's. explains. a. were. a. with. problem. and. there's. Hubbard some. guy:. beat the bejesus out of. Hubbard. Lewis. terrible. join. won't. it. why. was. was. them.. yours,. to Hubbard. Lewis. badn't. Hubbard. thrown. away. replies:. (p･ 94). eitber･". asks:. and. care?". l don't.". Hubbard. didn't. "Jesus,". I said.. know. what. "I don't else thinks.. is the. wondering. I do.". "Well,. you. He's. "I didn't think. ･･-. bow. about. things.. why. style,". you. "I guess. This. he. why. wonder. takes:. He. more.. any. He. and. interest. no. narrator. "Do. betrayal.. and. (p. 93). letter. The. "I-. personal. (p･ 91). food･. done. had. but. in the. party･. together. ･It's not. The. Lewis. thing. 23. Wolff. their. on. eyes. anything. a. and. it is. The. what. got. us. Hubbard. blanket. know. doesn't. into. finds a. of Tobias. (p. 92). it.. narrator. as. happened. what. passed. on. done. their. with. awful say. Works. the first sergeant:. see. let go. loopy. the. it.. didn't. -. The. bad. can. an. doesn't. Lewis. about. up. ate. and. what. about. narrator. what. -. The. talk. The. Truth:. and. last. care. Beat. report. answer.. "We. were. supposed. to be. friends･". I stood. up･. l think?". what it,. you. okay?. of. any. Hubbard. think," Leave. me. conversation. alone.". said. "You. just. think. what. everyone. (p. 94). between. them･. The. narrator. is bent. on.

(24) 24. Beth. Ⅲubbard's. revenge･ wonders we. what. motivated. that. just before. they. That. night. to. -. There. is. attack. Lewis･. a. in. our. more. starts. dirty. and. do. is the. tells Next,. joke.. man. with. thinks:. he. looking. never. seeing. he. Lewis.. of friend he. He. simply. wants.. Later. deserted.. us. at dinner,. talk I'd heard. in T-shirts. around. standing. in the. and. in his eyes. seen. really. it since･. homes brother's. we. tricks.. the. Another. half. Someone. man. boxing. starts. dirty. a. The. joke.. laughter.. no. still. like skulls.. is active･. tells. different. to. up. starts. making. the flashlight:. same,. the group. flashlight. a. with. themselves. work. (p. 95). man. laughter,. no. tries again. with. One. of torture.. methods. the flashlight. with. There's. He. his shadow;. with. but. another describes. man. and:. "I wish. had. we. darkness･ the. at. the. man. shines. all looked. discussing. and. us. of those. one. Someone of the. end. flashlight. right. at. His. It is the. through. me,. cheeks. before,. searched face. He. to. take. men. it. turned. off the flashlight.. had turned The. room.. on. men. other. Lewis's. -. (p. 96). trees.". are. bunk.. He. They. sleeping,. was. go. and:. sitting. up,. (p. 96). narrator. shining. a. Now,. begin. bunk. us.. was. Then. gestures･. silence. Lewis's. to. the. -. the. of. quiet･. light we. same･. said,. complete. watching. The. kind. tough. nine. the. unmistakable･. torture,. Somebody. -. all the. steps. dirtier joke. There's. a. they. bamboo. upstairs. to hurt. wish. go:. of the. other. In its. obscene. man. There's. men. or. eight. are. doing. image. making. Chinese. For. one.. no. to Vietnam,. go. out, the. than. more. first they. eyes.. men. another. by. one. to. has. is not. narrator. go. observation. At. ghoulish. two. no. precise. pictures. ･･･. The. were. were. He. (p. 95). shorts.. shadow. latrine,. the. The. lights. the. after. there. end. is thougbtful･. reaction him.. learn. B. Higgins. were. couldn't have His. wet.. full of humiliation face. same. and. he. though. l. saw. sometimes. all the. troubles. on. face. was. and. fear,. been,. in turmoil.. burned･. It is the. of his life.. I have. and. the Vietnamese face. the flashlight. not with It. was. face. a. never. stopped. interrogated,. we. that. (pp. 96-97). has. I'd. become. whose my.

(25) Fiction. was. -･. -･. Lewis. he. the. knew. in, but. he. l did. is:. narrator. I did not. join. did. I stayed. man. in, but. l did not. where. I. was. try. and. it, either･. to stop. beat. them. watched. itself. The. power. is haunted. by. by. the. has. of events,. a. his. own. was. nO. hint. responsible. The. a. for. camp. daughter. glVeS. family.. to. born.. of bow. his family. new. met. Now. And. Bishop. father. he. It is. Nobody. he. has. seeing. Army. the. had. what. leave,. as. a. never. he. one. did･". man. burn. bomes･. their. cannot face･. protect. His. brother. The. recovered･. He. his fellow. he and. which. in. saw. did･ "I did not. he. homes, face. his conviction. pathos. is his brother's. narrator. it since･" that. remembers. joined. about. their. this. stopped. had. a. despised,. time. confused, who. it's evident. and. started. man･. young. angry. he. the whole. chain. with:. during. the. face.". same. the. their weapons,. through. of their family;. family. adults.. With. war.. great･. Philip. even. it solely by. moved. feels guilty. go. "never. has. He. he had. summer. He. years.. started. woman. "the. it is too. novella,. the. over. Vietnamese, are. also. I didn't. in. saw. Was. attack?. be. was. it,he. on. he. the breakup. of the. end. has. face. face.. that. changed he. the faces. attacking. overwhelmed. or. it, either.. try to stop. discharged･. dishonorably. was. the. joining. back. the. he. money･. from. looking. Lewis's. and. the. of them. one. with. hospital,. the. narrator. interrogate. soldiers could faces. from. was. not. face. that. associates. At. one. stolen. face? It's clear. Lewis's. a. as. had. stopped. Lewis. Their. The. anything.. released. why. what. He. leave,. was. understood. -. do. to. even. bin.. (p. 97). him.. Now. 25. (p. 97). me.. over. confused. I didn't. has. knew. blanket. the. too. After. he. that. put. -. was. Wolff. is:. sure. They. join. of Tobias. Works. (p. 97). human.. purely. narrator. that. The. face:. Lewis's. The. Truth:. and. kind. some. They two. he feels about the second. had. a. of them. of meditation. baby run. his father time. around･. girl a. or. a. and nutrition few. restaurant. if be thinks His. mother. weeks in La. after. my. own. Jolla･ (p･ 99). his father is dead･. at. seminar. will be. Keith. had. more. lived.

(26) 26. Beth. her. with for. an. from. The. manager. chat. with. him. generously. This. a. him. was. guard. to be. The. betrayal." face. the. he. which. to. thinks be. ･･･. that. When. him,. Lewis. that. Lewis,. about they. for. He. are.. No. seem. cold.. he. thought. has. attack softened. it. he had. had. and. "a. was. wishes. been. the. with. the right personal. "purely. that. his. for life. As. dump. Nobody. no. wears. him. marked. ammunition. couldn't he. even. has. human" him. well.. (p. 100). and that. himself. when. He. thinks. Lewis. this happened. that. unbelievable. Hubbard. imagine. didn't. that. discouraged. matter. -. Now. watched.. He. Keith. of their family;. and. Lewis, he. although. thinks. families.. at the. "felt hard. about. downtown,. about. how. remembers. they. didn't. set. his dishonorable. a. thief.. to. him,. unbelievable. and. unfair.. (p. 100). Hubbard:. can. -. out. day. remember. once,. to help.. unable. the breakup. he. Hubbard,. was. of his family. That. They. name.. it:. must. And. He. he. guard. (p. 99). he. over. did all right.. didn't set out to become. As. found. security. and they. parties,. of other people's. grief.. a. his. in his uniform. up. on.. whom. uniform,. he. felt knew. what. discharge,. about. night of the beating,. I hope. He. for grieving. no. it. destruction. Keith. with. dressed. to have. the security The. is. know. tenants. in late from. come. to him,. up. in town.. man. helpless.". that. looked. he. too.. him. saw. for bin. he guards. anything. they I. Now. years.. the rent. All the. on. when. need. who. had hated. man,. unarmed. out. no. uniform. to do. unable. of twelve. period. break. a. at Christmas.. there. boy, Philip. a. in the lobby. of his own;. security. over. him. gave. is his brother. family. time. building; he lives there,. apartment. where. to. time. B. Higgins. what. couldn't have. out. Hubbard. and. the. set. been. become. deserted. unhappy. reason. to. was,. what. and. he. he. a. out. of principle. afraid.. thinks. wanted.. deserter.. (p. 100). or. perhaps. (pp. 100-101). Hubbard's. (p. 101). desertion:. because. he. was:. He.

(27) Fiction. The. Tmth:. and. Works. of Tobias. 27. Wolff. As for himself:. I didn't set even. man,. maybe. man,. addicted. what. to. l. be what. to. out. you'd. comfort,. am, a. call. to be good. but dislikes himself. describes. himself. a. fight. his wife. He. wants. with. They. don't have from. anything. -. In the. -. to. he will. that he. so･. is not. I'm. for taking to. going. a. also. the easy. careful. He. way･. marijuana,. or. of the night,. or:. grow. in the middle. the neighbors. responsible. (p. 101). course.. safe. careful,. he. But. (p. 101). friends.. my. I hope. a. trouble. Ⅲe's. them. cause. of his life he. speaks. not. for. to ask. going. is mostly:. doesn't. I. grateful.. foresee. any. never. do. would. people. with. change. rifles, nearly. is:. did that. we. what. he. and. day. at. dump,. ammunition. blown. ourselves. getting. the. for the hell. to pieces. (p. 101). sometimes:. I think. of Lewis. myself. before. have. yellow. and. reckless In. The. can. and. he a. that. blown. was. a. thief. and. Three. neighbor･. good fire,. the blast. the. and. ･‥. men. three. to Fort. clear. before. Eubbard. earth. shake.. It would. sky-high. on. the Fourth. of. a. deserter. And. They'd have. have. been. of. a. spark. inside the fence･. paratroopers. Bragg.. felt the. was. rifles･ I think. with. crazy. be. the. seen. Day!. turn. (p･ 101). something･. July! Independence. sky. As. reckless. be!. finale,. of paratroopers. was. beard. Barracks. spectacular. confidence. l. red. men. young. before. from. up. They'd. Three. a. be. for being. man,. conscientious. (p. 101). he. drifting. as. her running. When. them.. threatening. Yet. have. to. ･-･. future. neighbor. a -. for the. eye. because. good. to worry. content. of it.. and. them. expect. -. as. man. good. an. with. Ⅰ'm. either.. hasn't. Thief, Wolff but he has. were. in themselves,. happy. hinted. together･. advocated. living. at its attractions･ They. Their and felt close.. were. on. the. For. a. excited. friendship. soon. by. edge,. brief their. ending. the. moment own. fell apart.. ital1. daring, Lewis. in. trio had. became.

(28) 28. a. Beth. thief. Hubbard later. then. and. he. his wild. youth.. Wolff. hopes. Pbilip's. happened. him. to. The. novella. flesh. out. stand. it, and. a. in the Army.. Lewis's. probably. story,. Wolff. no. the him. anything, furious. forgets. he. the. to do. decides. In his involuted. them.. and. respect.. but. suffers. He. he's. a. mental. into. sinking. the. for not. men. hole. some. is exposed. He's. no. wit, he. theater, Wolff. himself. say. his manhood. asking. anybody. of pride.. Next,. thief.. for he. the thief is. from. away. the. as. hears. for acceptance,. runs. uses. grasp.. movie. prove. out. Although. formation,. realizing. search. and. to. the. to. hates. Ⅲe steals. desperate. a. He. under-. the situation,. he. need. to. could. Lcharm,. special As. a. prostitute.. woman.. he. when. house,. feels. and. other. in. was. teacber's lastly. and. a. the the. and. the. of the. ingeniously. no. whatever. what. percent. one. and. seems. understandable.. with. to pay. collapse. post,. kindness sex. Lewis. way,. to. It. of. little insight.. whatsoever,. it. and. is necessary. No. novella. uses. double. a. matter. difficult character. graces. him. become. teacher's. the. of. for. He. end. has. fifteen. thief.. a. stupefyingly. intelligence.. the. actions. had. social. with. for lying. senses. no. move. He. central. fifth chapter. became. exceptionally. limited. money. needs. an. has. by having. his victim. with. is. he. one-third. bungalow, his. knowable,. but. He. we. prostitute's. he. he. which. as. Lewis.. Lewis. coarse,. it. Yet. get. Tinkerbell. included. of humor,. sense. how. explain. and. story.. the divorce. to. is about. in the. narration. to. divorce. This. the. and. feeling. nostalgic. reactions. chapter. revenge. tells their. beginning. the. into. obtruding. he. some. tale from. of the family's. sought. later. has. about. background. Bishop. Years he. tell the chapter. omniscient. gives. feisty,. just doesn't. makes. to. for his chapter.. apparently. town,. This. character. man-orphan,. the. back. that. tense. present. to. from. problems. switch. it's Philip's. Bishop. objective description. family. Vietnam.. discharged.. dishonorably. was. deserted.. peacefully,. in the introductory. It allows. He. He. to. went. continue. Philip. done.. had. minded.. he. his life will. narration. function. keeps. but scarcely. doesn't permit. omniscient. he. what. did. Only. he. ashamed. Although. for. sorry. his victim,. was. was. was. B. Higgins. is. one. of. friendship,. the prostitute's. It's. a. remarkable. characterization. Nevertbeless, brother. to. reacted anger. with. this is Philip's. for his betrayal, up. He man.. an. tries to. As. face. all these. elements. in order. that. to. Army. was. and move. he. has. He. is. lost his ability. night,. Vietnam,. perhaps ahead. to. of the few. man. with. love. with. to attack. man,. risks. of his. and somehow. a. But. angry. him. although. family, did. he did. the. move. he ended. and. changed passing. change.. Lewis. Lewis. man,. if he. His. reacted. with. wishes. responsible. he. Philip. was. He. It isn't clear own. in his words.. sadness.. his anger.. past. intertwined.. his life. is told. his life. He went. family. take. the. others. who. novella. family. change. gotten a. to. of the. of the. hoping. one. older. half. and. betrayal. Hubbard.. he has. of Lewis's. Army. an. understand. However,. the. too, and. observer.. father's. their. joined. and. story. He. ahead.. well. a. good. because years,. or. joined. the. Still,也ere's.

(29) Fiction. a. lingering. wolff's. happiness. shor卜1ived of their. guns. and. deaths.. behavior. of the. and. boys'father･ boys,. there. frequent. ment. in the. means. the. screen,. be. deaths to. or. cruelty. is. the a. threat. -. and. steals･. Bishop. doesn't. his. family.. Lewis's. with. friends'. him. understand. but their. remembers. in his. dollars. as. a. with. and. none. thief. Another the. three. of. to find. becomes their. to get away. wishes -. attack. on. Lewis;. as. Philip from. the father,. by. to. by. the. shared. these. a. desperate. Two. she. is unable. doesn't. know. is unable. them,. and. Lewis;. failing. attraction. to. how. others. of guns. and. its frequenト. Wolff's with. his. over. becomes her. pull. help. to to. keep. and the. major. the. friends'. incapable. sons. out. either. need. of. of their. his mother. his friends･. oneself;. Army. but fails. for acceptance. and. movie. occurrences. and of. misery. need him. comfort. the. trivial. friendship. his. experience on. initial disappointment. has. someone. family,. is male. his involve-. appeared. without. comprehends. Lewis. the. paratroopers.. young. men. isolated. feeling. of his. in the Army. lS. precluded. Tinkerbell. theme. Hubbard's. the. in desertion,. with. him,. the prostitute,. pay. alienation:. fails. betrayal. to. short. of his. duty. three. of Wolff's. One. of life: Philip. KP. for. the. soldier, implications. moral. the. -. ､parent. in Vietnam･. course. Lewis's. possibility accept. the. awaiting the. his mother,. will be good. fellow. a. of. avoids. horrors. hours,. will. become. mother. in the. company. when. anger. the. death. cannot of intimate. from. the divorce. that. One. stories.. incapable. irresponsible. selトabsorbed,. of the. short. the boys'mother. is estranged. and. fire, Lewis. office. Wolff's. is permanently. father. determines. chance. from. rationalizes. of the. thereby. and. it, Keith. are. denial. Marine. loneliness. and. his. is the. of the. is how. nature,. the. hates. the significance. general. have. his brother,. themes. Their. his hometown. afterwards:. he. that. grieトstricken. the father. and culminates. intimacy,. what. is denial:. third. four. was. obtain. so. and. A. isolation. sadness. dissipates･. nostalgically. familiar. happens. theme. men. are. to. a. the power. with. soon. tries to. Bishop. he finds. after. problems Ⅲubbard. are. novella. Another. protest. never. themes. own. effect. straightforward. around. spirits. prostitute,. later,. friends,. themes. 1y transitory. turns. is. of inconvenient. might. his. Years. is full of anger,. deny. paratroopers. because. a. hysteria.. and. in the. themes. soldiers deny. the. stealing,. of high. muscular. a. the. his family,. fool. into depression. with. has. from they. when. mood. has. and. his beating.. Keith. Philip. brother,. The. involved. of the family. them,. with. relations,. be. was. everything. when. facilitate. estrangement. sinks. in ignominy. breakdown. most. had. sentences,. shifts. Lewis. and. togetber･. them. of. watches. several. cope. 29. Wolff. danger.. with. is the. one. terminates Bishop. Hubbard. gets. simple. Bishop's. itself. Hubbard. either. and narrative. Philip. death. risk. is angry,. Lewis. understand. fling. of Tobias. and his friends. be. prose. dexterous. with. reasserts. singularity. the. The. plot･ After. of the. procedure. terse. the. minimalism,. befits soldiers.. can't.. Works. to them.. still open. which. The. the lost potentiality. over. regret. Truth:. and. violence to assert. Other and their.

(30) 30. B. HigglnS. Betb. power; the. betrayal,. responsibility,. the. enumerating. at the. get. young. Wolff failings. does. not. ity. No. a. He. delicately. maintains. Wolff's Beret. in that. If Wolff. ground.. it and. seen. about. has. "what. to those. it. his characters of human. side His. War. have. to make. prose. this. war. has. and. not,. without. war. to his criterion is. memoir. an. and. limits. a. Green. in the. back-. to those. who. tell the. truth. was. comprehensible. held. them. aspersion. is lurking. Thief, Vietnam. are. generos-. treats. published.9) He. just been. but he. nature. is without. tenor. a. their. issues. human. at. nature. humanistic. Baryacks. human,". to be. means. in moral. be, he invariably. may. thief,. dissembling. neither. is interested. is his inexhaustible. have. who. life.. three. hardened,. a. impressive. his lucid. used. meaningful. son,. him. The. Throughout. war.. younger. makes. of the Vietnam. memoirs. dropout. look. dignity.. individual. He. life, A. their. a. writer. the. clear-eyed. baser. the. showed to. honesty,. exacting. failings.. of charm. examines. a. how. and. What. devoid. He. that. A good. matter."7). Significance a. dictum. to Wolff's. skills. technical. writer.. bow. respect.. with. His. identity,. human."8). mother,. an. with. alienation,. that. fail to shape. for those. them. good. matter. distraught. a. loneliness,. "things. SOme. glVe. of self-realization; family,. points. be. to. means. it. Friendship,. Thief. about. means. to. beings. censuring. for. it. a. achieve. to. chance,. Bar71aCks. to say. trying. father,. power,. as. risk. how. about. The. try but often. moralize.. sufficient. in. "what. human. views. nor. risk,. were. first son,. calculating. death,. of. delinquent. a. confusion. something. truth. paratroopers. deserter,. have. have. frustration;. out. and. themes. many. must. writer. must. to block. for self-worth. search. good. drugs. on. reliance. to. literary. extraordinary. achievement.. NOTES. 1) 2). Tobias. Wo.1ff,. Tobias. The. Wolff,. Bary;acks. This. Boy's. Thief. (New. Llfe: A. Memoir. York:. The. Ecco York:. (New. Press, 1984). The. Atlantic. Monthly. Press,. 1989). 3). This. Boy's. Continued. 4) John. Skow,. Drachman, 4 April. (Los Angeles,. Life. Calif.: Warmer. See. Brosリ1993).. to. notes. Part. Two,. I. "Memory, "Fact. Too,. Meets. 1993, p. 8. The. Is. Fiction. Actor,". an. in. a. was. movie. Tale. Time,. 19 April. of Memory,". reviewed. New. in several. 1993, pp. York. other. 62163.. Times,. Also:. Weekly. publications. as. Steven Review, as. well. on. television.. national. 5) In the arden. No71h of the. Amen'can. Marlyrsand. Back. in the World.. See. notes. to Part. One,. 6). Bruce. 7) Tobias Green. 8). Ibid.. 9). Tobias. Allen, Wolff･ Harbor,. Wolff,. "Nam. Book. ed･･ Matte7S Mass.:. Year's. Of Life. Wampeter,. )n Pharoah's. Amiy:. Chn'stian. Best," and. 1983). Death: ,. New. Science. Monitor,. Amen'can. 7 June. Ston'es･. 1985, p, B7.. hardcovered･,. (1982;. introd., p. xi.. Memoiys. of. the Lost. War. (New. York:. knopf,. 1994)..

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