Title 冷間鍛造におけるリン酸亜鉛潤滑被膜のトライボ特性の温度依存性( 本文(Fulltext) ) Author(s) 加田, 修 Report No.(Doctoral Degree) 博士(工学) 工博甲第545号 Issue Date 2019-03-25 Type 博士論文 Version ETD URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/77932 ※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。
෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ
ࢺ ࣛ ࣎ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ
Temperature dependence of tribo-performance
of zinc phosphate coating in cold forging
2019 ᖺ 2 ᭶
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➨ 1 ❶ ᗎ ㄽ ... 1 1.1 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ... 1 1.2 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡑ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 Ⅼ ... 3 1.3 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡑ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 Ⅼ ... 7 1.4 ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᡭ ἲ ... 10 1.5 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㸫 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ... 10 1.6 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ┠ ⓗ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᮏ ㄽ ᩥ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ ... 11 ➨ 2 ❶ ⟄ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡼ ࡿ ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ホ ౯ ... 13 2.1 ⥴ ゝ ... 13 2.2 ⟄ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᐇ 㦂 ... 13 2.2.1 ᐇ 㦂 ᮲ ௳ ... 13 2.2.2 ᚑ ᮶ ࡢ ↝ ࡁ ุ ᐃ ᇶ ‽ ࡛ ࡢ ホ ౯ ... 15 2.2.3 ᪂ ࡓ ࡞ ↝ ࡁ ุ ᐃ ᇶ ‽ ࡛ ࡢ ホ ౯ ... 16 2.3 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡼ ࡿ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ ࡢ せ ᅉ ᳨ ウ ... 20 2.3.1 ゎ ᯒ ᮲ ௳ ... 20 2.3.2 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ... 20 2.3.3 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ... 23 2.3.4 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ... 24 2.4 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ṧ ␃ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ほ ᐹ ... 26 2.4.1 ほ ᐹ ᪉ ἲ ... 26 2.4.2 ほ ᐹ ⤖ ᯝ ... 27 2.5 ⤖ ㄽ ... 29 ➨ 3 ❶ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ᵓ ᡂ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ₶ ᶵ ⬟ ... 30 3.1 ⥴ ゝ ... 30 3.2 ᐇ 㦂 ᪉ ἲ ... 31 3.2.1 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ Ỉ ‽ ... 31 3.2.2 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᐇ 㦂 ... 32 3.2.3 ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ᐇ 㦂 ... 32 3.3 ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ... 32 3.3.1 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ᵓ ᡂ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ... 32 3.3.2 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ... 34ii 3.3.3 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ᵓ ᡂ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ... 35 3.3.4 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ... 36 3.4 ⤖ ㄽ ... 37 ➨ 4 ❶ 㘫 㐀 ᚋ ṧ ␃ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ホ ౯ ... 38 4.1 ⥴ ゝ ... 38 4.2 ᡂ ฎ ⌮ ᮲ ௳ ࡼ ࡿ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ไ ᚚ ... 39 4.2.1 ᐇ 㦂 ᪉ ἲ ... 39 4.2.2 ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ... 39 4.3 ๓ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡼ ࡿ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ไ ᚚ ... 42 4.3.1 ᐇ 㦂 ᪉ ἲ ... 42 4.3.2 㘫 㐀 ᚋ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࡢ ᥎ ᐃ ... 44 4.4 ᦾ ື ヨ 㦂 ࡼ ࡿ ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ホ ౯ ... 46 4.4.1 ᐇ 㦂 ᪉ ἲ ᐇ 㦂 ᮲ ௳ ... 46 4.4.2 ᦾ ື ヨ 㦂 ࡢ 㠃 ᅽ 㸪 ᦾ ື ㊥ 㞳 ࡢ ᥎ ᐃ ... 49 4.4.3 ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ... 51 4.4.3.1 ᦾ ື ヨ 㦂 ୰ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ኚ ... 51 4.4.3.2 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ᅉ Ꮚ ࡢ ᩚ ⌮ ... 52 4.4.3.3 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࡢ ᐃ ᘧ ... 57 4.5 ⤖ ㄽ ... 57 ➨ 5 ❶ ⇕ 㐃 ᡂ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ゎ ᯒ ᚲ せ ࡞ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ィ ... 58 5.1 ⥴ ゝ ... 58 5.2 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ᗘ ᇦ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ... 60 5.2.1 ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡼ ࡿ ぢ ࡅ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᐃ ... 60 5.2.1.1 ᐇ 㦂 ᪉ ἲ ... 60 5.2.1.2 ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ... 61 5.2.2 ➼ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ⟬ ฟ ... 63 5.2.2.1 ➼ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ ... 63 5.2.2.2 ➼ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ึ ᮇ タ ᐃ ... 65 5.2.2.3 ᦶ ᧿ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ Ỵ ᐃ ... 66 5.2.2.4 ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡢ ⌧ ... 66 5.2.2.5 ➼ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ⿵ ṇ ... 69 5.2.2.6 ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ ㏿ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࡢ ᳨ ウ ... 71 5.2.2.7 ➼ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᳨ ド ... 73
iii 5.3 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ᗘ ᇦ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ... 75 5.3.1 㔠 ᆺ ᗘ ࡢ ᐃ ... 75 5.3.1.1 ᐇ 㦂 ᪉ ἲ ... 75 5.3.1.2 ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ... 76 5.3.2 ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ྠ ᐃ ... 77 5.3.2.1 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࡢ ⤌ ࡳ ㎸ ࡳ ... 77 5.3.2.2 ゎ ᯒ ᮲ ௳ ... 78 5.3.2.3 ゎ ᯒ ⤖ ᯝ ... 78 5.4 ⤖ ㄽ ... 83 ➨ 6 ❶ ⇕ 㐃 ᡂ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ゎ ᯒ ࡢ ᳨ ド ... 84 6.1 ⥴ ゝ ... 84 6.2 ᅽ ⦰ ㏿ ᗘ ࡀ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ➃ 㠃 ᣊ ᮰ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡛ ࡢ ᳨ ド ... 84 6.2.1 ゎ ᯒ ᮲ ௳ ... 85 6.2.2 ゎ ᯒ ⢭ ᗘ ࡢ ᳨ ド ... 85 6.3 㔠 ᆺ ᗘ ࡀ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡛ ࡢ ᳨ ド ... 89 6.3.1 ᐇ 㦂 ᮲ ௳ ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ... 89 6.3.2 ゎ ᯒ ᮲ ௳ ... 91 6.3.3 ゎ ᯒ ⢭ ᗘ ࡢ ᳨ ド ... 91 6.4 ⟄ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 ࡛ ࡢ ᳨ ド ... 93 6.4.1 ゎ ᯒ ᮲ ௳ ... 93 6.4.2 ゎ ᯒ ⢭ ᗘ ࡢ ᳨ ド ... 93 6.5 ⤖ ㄽ ... 94 ➨ 7 ❶ ⥲ ᣓ ... 95 ཧ ⪃ ᩥ ⊩ ... 98 㛵 㐃 ㄽ ᩥ ┠ 㘓... 102 ㅰ ㎡ ... 103
1
➨ ❶ ᗎ ㄽ
ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ⮬ ື ㌴ ᴗ ⏺ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ᚑ ᮶ ࡽ 㸪 ᆅ ⌫ ⎔ ቃ ၥ 㢟 ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࡽ ᐃ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ⇞ ㈝ つ ไ ࡸ ࢞ ࢫ つ ไ ᑐ ᛂ ࡍ ࡃ 㸪 㒊 ရ ࡢ ᑠ ᆺ ➼ ࡼ ࡿ ㍍ 㔞 ࡀ ᣦ ྥ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬 ᭱ ㏆ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࢞ ࢯ ࣜ ࣥ ࢚ ࣥ ࢪ ࣥ ㌴ ࡽ ࣁ ࣈ ࣜ ࢵ ࢻ ㌴ ࡸ 㟁 Ẽ ⮬ ື ㌴ ື ຊ ※ ࡢ ኚ 㠉 ࡀ ᛴ ㏿ 㐍 ࢇ ࡛ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ࣁ ࣈ ࣜ ࢵ ࢻ ㌴ ࡛ ࡣ ᵓ ᡂ 㒊 ရ ࡢ ከ ࡉ 㸪 㟁 Ẽ ⮬ ື ㌴ ࡛ ࡣ ⯟ ⥆ ㊥ 㞳 ࢆ ☜ ಖ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ࣂ ࢵ ࢸ ࣜ ࣮ ᐜ 㔞 ࡢ ቑ ࡼ ࡿ ㌴ య 㔜 㔞 ࡢ ቑ ຍ ࡣ 㑊 ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 ࡑ ࢀ ࢆ ⿵ ࡗ ࡚ ⇞ ㈝ ࡸ 㟁 ㈝ ࢆ ☜ ಖ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ᵓ ᡂ 㒊 ရ ࡢ ㍍ 㔞 ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ࡣ 㸪 ᚑ ᮶ ࡶ ቑ ࡋ ࡚ 㧗 ࡲ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 㒊 ရ ㍍ 㔞 ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ⏝ ᮦ ᩱ ࡢ 㧗 ᙉ ᗘ ࡼ ࡿ 㒊 ရ ࡢ ᑠ ᆺ 㸪 ⷧ ⫗ ࡀ ᭷ ຠ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ๛ ᛶ ☜ ಖ ࡢ Ⅼ ࡽ 㸪 ࡼ ࡾ 」 㞧 ࡞ 㒊 ရ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ᡂ ᙧ ࡀ せ ồ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ᐊ ୗ ࡛ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ 㔠 ᒓ ᮦ ᩱ ረ ᛶ ኚ ᙧ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ 㸪 㒊 ရ ᙧ ≧ ᡂ ᙧ ࡍ ࡿ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡣ 㸪 ษ ๐ ຍ ᕤ ẚ ㍑ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ప ࢥ ࢫ ࢺ ࡛ 㒊 ရ ࢆ 〇 㐀 ྍ ⬟ ࡞ ᪉ ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪⮬ ື ㌴ 㒊 ရ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪࣋ ࣋ ࣝ ࢠ ࣖ 㸪ࢺ ࣜ ࣏ ࣮ ࢻ 㸪ࣆ ࢽ ࢜ ࣥ ࢠ ࣖ ➼ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ 㒊 ရ ࡢ 〇 㐀 ᪉ ἲ ࡋ ࡚ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ṑ ㌴ ࡸ ㍈ ཷ 㒊 ရ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪 ⾲ 㠃 ᙉ ᗘ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡞ 㒊 ရ ࡣ 㸪 ࢡ ࣟ ࣒ 㗰 ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 㘫 㐀 ᚋ ᾐ Ⅳ ↝ ධ ࢀ ↝ ᡠ ࡋ ฎ ⌮ ࢆ ࡋ ࡚ 〇 㐀 ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ከ ࠸ 㸬 ṑ ㌴ ࢆ 㧗 ᙉ ᗘ ࡍ ࡿ ሙ ྜ 㸪 ࢡ ࣟ ࣒ ࣔ ࣜ ࣈ ࢹ ࣥ 㗰 ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ࡾ 㸪 ྜ 㔠 ῧ ຍ 㔞 ࢆ ቑ ࡸ ࡋ ࡓ ࡾ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ 㸪 㠃 ⑂ ປ ᙉ ᗘ ࡸ ṑ ඖ ⑂ ປ ᙉ ᗘ ࢆ ྥ ୖ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ྍ ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࡋ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ 㗰 ᮦ ࡢ ෭ 㛫 ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡣ 㸪 ྜ 㔠 ῧ ຍ 㔞 ࡢ ቑ ຍ ࡶ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ㏻ ᖖ ࡢ ࢡ ࣟ ࣒ 㗰 ẚ ࡚ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ᭱ ㏆ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ప ࢥ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ᛂ ࠼ 㸪 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ᛶ ඃ ࢀ ࡓ ୰ ࣭ 㧗 Ⅳ ⣲ 㗰 ࡀ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ [1]㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ⇕ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡛ 〇 㐀 ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ 㒊 ရ ࢆ 㸪෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡛ 〇 㐀 ࡍ ࡿ ࢣ ࣮ ࢫ ࡀ ቑ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡉ ࡽ 㸪 㒊 ရ ⥾ ⤖ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࣎ ࣝ ࢺ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 㧗 ᙉ ᗘ ࡀ ᚿ ྥ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ᛶ ඃ ࢀ ࡓ ୰ Ⅳ ⣲ 㗰 ⥺ ᮦ ࡀ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [2]㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ 㗰 ᮦ ࡣ 㸪෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ᛶ ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡚ タ ィ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡣ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ᚑ ᮶ ࡢ 㗰 ᮦ ẚ ࡿ 㸪 ෭ 㛫 ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡣ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡽ ࡊ ࡿ ࢆ ᚓ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ศ 㔝 ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ᙉ ᗘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ 㕲 㗰 ᮦ ᩱ ࢆ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡋ ࡚ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 」 㞧 ࡞ 㒊 ရ ᙧ ≧ 㘫 㐀 ࡍ ࡿ ᢏ ⾡ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᙉ ᗘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ 㕲 㗰 ᮦ ᩱ ࢆ 㸪 」 㞧 ᙧ ≧ 㒊 ရ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡍ ࡿ ሙ ྜ 㸪 ᮦ ᩱ ᙉ ᗘ ࡀ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ 㸪 ረ ᛶ ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ 㔞 ࡀ ࡁ ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ᥋ ゐ 㠃 ᅽ ࡸ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ 㗰 ᮦ 㛫 ࡢ ⏺ 㠃 ᗘ ࡣ ᚲ ↛ ⓗ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ◚ ᦆ ࡸ ↝ ࡁ ➼ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡸ ࡍ ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 㗰 ᮦ ⾲ 㠃 ฎ ⌮ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ₶ ࡢ ᯝ2 ࡓ ࡍ ࡁ ᙺ ࡣ 㸪 ᚑ ᮶ ࡶ ቑ ࡋ ࡚ ࡁ ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ₶ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࢆ ⤌ ࡳ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࡓ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡀ 㸪 ᗈ ࡃ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪 ㏆ ᖺ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ⎔ ቃ ㈇ Ⲵ ࡢ ᑠ ࡉ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ ࢽ ࣮ ࢬ ࡀ 㧗 ࡃ 㸪 ⬡ ⫫ 㓟 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ⣔ ᴟ ᅽ ῧ ຍ ࡸ 㧗 ศ Ꮚ ⣔ ศ ᩓ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ 㸪 ள 㖄 㸫 ࣔ ࣜ ࣈ ࢹ ࣥ ྜ ≀ ࢆ ศ ᩓ ࡉ ࡏ ࡓ 1 ᾮ ᆺ [3]ࡸ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ 㜵 Ṇ ᦶ ᧿ ప ῶ ᶵ ⬟ ࢆ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ᣢ ࡓ ࡏ ࡓ 2 ᾮ 2 ᒙ ᆺ [4]➼ 㸪ከ ࡃ ࡢ ₶ ࡀ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡋ ࡋ 㸪≉ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡣ ཬ ࡤ ࡞ ࠸ 㸪 ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [5]㸬 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪 ᙉ ᗘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ 㕲 㗰 ᮦ ᩱ ࢆ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡋ ࡓ 㸪 」 㞧 ᙧ ≧ 㒊 ရ ࡢ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࢆ ᡂ ❧ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ୖ ࡛ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡣ ౫ ↛ ࡋ ࡚ 㔜 せ ࡞ ᆅ ࢆ ༨ ࡵ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 㘫 㐀 ᕤ ⛬ ࢆ タ ィ ࡍ ࡿ 㝿 㸪 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ࢆ ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡍ ࡿ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ᮦ ᩱ ὶ ື ࡸ 㔠 ᆺ ㈇ Ⲵ ➼ ࢆ ண ࡵ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ 㸪୍ ⯡ ⓗ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [6]㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࢆ ຍ ⇕ ࡋ ࡚ 㘫 㐀 ࡍ ࡿ ⇕ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ᗘ ᕪ ࡀ ࡁ ࡃ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ࡽ ࡢ ᢤ ⇕ ࡶ ࡞ ࠺ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ᗘ ప ୗ ࢆ ↓ ど ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ⇕ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡢ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ኚ ᙧ ゎ ᯒ ⇕ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ 㐃 ᡂ ࡉ ࡏ ࡚ 㸪⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡸ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ᗘ ኚ ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡓ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡇ ࡀ ከ ࠸ 㸬୍ ᪉ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࢆ ຍ ⇕ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡞ ࡃ 㘫 㐀 ࡍ ࡿ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ຍ ᕤ Ⓨ ⇕ ᦶ ᧿ Ⓨ ⇕ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ᗘ ࡣ ୖ ᪼ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࡋ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ᗘ ᕪ ࡣ 㸪 ⇕ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ẚ ㍑ ࡋ ࡚ ᑠ ࡉ ࡃ 㸪 ኚ ᙧ ゎ ᯒ ⇕ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ 㐃 ᡂ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡣ ᑡ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ᗘ ኚ ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡓ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ሗ ࿌ ࡣ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ [7]㸪ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ ୍ ᐃ ್ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ๓ ㏙ ࡋ ࡓ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪 ᙉ ᗘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ 㕲 㗰 ᮦ ᩱ ࢆ 㸪 」 㞧 ᙧ ≧ 㒊 ရ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡍ ࡿ ሙ ྜ 㸪 ᮦ ᩱ ᙉ ᗘ ࡀ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ 㸪 ረ ᛶ ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ 㔞 ࡀ ࡁ ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ 㗰 ᮦ 㛫 ࡢ ⏺ 㠃 ᗘ ࡣ ᚲ ↛ ⓗ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ 㸪 ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ [8]㸪 ᚋ ࡣ 㸪 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ኚ ᙧ ゎ ᯒ ⇕ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ 㐃 ᡂ ࡉ ࡏ ࡚ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡸ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ᗘ ኚ ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡓ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡞ ࡿ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ 㸬 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 㐣 㓞 ࡞ ᦶ ᧿ ᮲ ௳ ᑐ ᛂ ࡋ ࡓ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࡸ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ホ ౯ ἲ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ⏝ ₶ ࡋ ࡚ ᗈ ࡃ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ 㛵 ࡋ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࣎ ≉ ᛶ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ 㸪 ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࡸ ⏺ 㠃 ᗘ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ⢒ ࡉ ➼ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡉ ࡽ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࣎ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡓ 㸪 ⇕ 㐃 ᡂ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ゎ ᯒ ࡢ ᐇ ⏝ ࢆ ┠ ᣦ ࡋ 㸪 ゎ ᯒ ᚲ せ ࡞ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ィ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬
3 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡑ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 Ⅼ ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ࡦ ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࣎ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡀ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬FFig. 1-1 ♧ ࡍ ࣎ ࣮ ࣝ ㏻ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 [9] ࡣ 㸪 ⟄ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ እ ࿘ ࢆ ᣊ ᮰ ࡋ ࡓ ≧ ែ ࡛ 㸪 ෆ ᚄ ഃ ⌫ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ 㔠 ᆺ ࢆ ᢲ ࡋ ㏻ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡣ 2 ⛬ ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ຍ ᕤ ᗘ ࡀ ప ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡢ 㸪 ₶ Ἔ ᛶ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ 㐺 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬Fig. 1-2 ♧ ࡍ ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࣉ ࣛ ࢢ ㏻ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 [10]ࡣ 㸪 ࣎ ࣮ ࣝ ㏻ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 ࡢ ⌫ ᙧ ≧ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ௦ ࢃ ࡾ 㸪 ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ≧ ࡢ 㔠 ᆺ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࣎ ࣮ ࣝ ㏻ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ᥋ ゐ ゅ ࡀ ᑠ ࡉ ࡃ 㸪 Ἔ ࡢ ᑟ ධ 㔞 ࡀ ከ ࠸ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࡼ ࡾ ࣐ ࣝ ࢻ ࡞ ₶ ᮲ ௳ ୗ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ホ ౯ ࡀ ྍ ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬Fig. 1-3 ♧ ࡍ ᤣ ㎸ ࡳ 㸫 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᙧ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 [11]ࡣ 㸪 ᰕ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ᤣ ㎸ ࡳ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࢲ ࣓ ࣮ ࢪ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡓ ᚋ 㸪 ๓ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡸ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡣ 㸪 ከ ẁ 㘫 㐀 ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ホ ౯ 㐺 ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡣ 30 ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ ࡿ 㸬 Fig. 1-4 ♧ ࡍ ᤣ ㎸ ࡳ 㸫 ࣎ ࣮ ࣝ ࡋ ࡈ ࡁ ᙧ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 [12]ࡣ 㸪 ᰕ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ᤣ ㎸ ࡳ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࢲ ࣓ ࣮ ࢪ ࢆ ຍ ࠼ ࡓ ᚋ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ഃ 㠃 ࣎ ࣮ ࣝ ࡛ ࡋ ࡈ ࡁ ࢆ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࡸ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡣ 150 ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ 㸪 㐣 㓞 ࡞ ₶ ⎔ ቃ ୗ ࡛ ࡢ ホ ౯ ࡀ ྍ ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡣ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡸ 㔠 ᆺ ࢆ ┠ ど ࡛ ほ ᐹ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ ࢆ ุ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ᐁ ⬟ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪 ヨ 㦂 ⪅ ࡢ ほ ࡀ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ వ ᆅ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ⪅ 㛫 ࡼ ࡿ ホ ౯ ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࡣ 㸪 ᕪ ␗ ࢆ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ ࢆ ᐈ ほ ⓗ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡶ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 Fig. 1-5 ♧ ࡍ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 [13]ࡣ 㸪 ᰕ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㸪 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ✀ ࠎ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ᡂ ᙧ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ࡽ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࢆ ᘬ ᢤ ࡃ Ⲵ 㔜 ࢆ ᐃ ࡋ 㸪 ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡀ ↝ ࡁ 㝈 ⏺ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡣ 200 ࡶ 㐩 ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 Fig. 1-6 ♧ ࡍ ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ヨ 㦂 [14]ࡣ 㸪 ᰕ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㸪ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ✀ ࠎ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ᡂ ᙧ ࡋ ࡓ 㝿 ࡢ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࢆ ᐃ ࡋ 㸪 ᭱ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡀ ↝ ࡁ 㝈 ⏺ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡣ 50 ⛬ ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᡂ ᙧ ᚋ ࡢ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 㸪 ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᭱ ್ ࢆ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ ⨨ ᑐ ᛂ ࡙ ࡅ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ 㝈 ⏺ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡣ 㸪 ᡂ ᙧ ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ࢆ ✀ ࠎ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ ࡓ 」 ᩘ ᅇ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪 ホ ౯ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ⡆ ౽ ⾜ ࠺ ࡇ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ 㸪 ࠸ ࠺ ㄢ 㢟 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬
4
F
Fig. 1-1 Schematic illustration of ball penetration test [[9]
5
F
Fig. 1-3 Schematic illustration of upsetting-extrusion type tribometer [[11]
6
F
Fig. 1-5 Schematic illustration of backward extrusion test [[13]
7 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡑ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 Ⅼ ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ࡦ ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࣎ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡀ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 [15]ࡣ 㸪ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࢆ ᅽ ⦰ ኚ ᙧ ࡉ ࡏ ࡓ 㝿 ࡢ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ๓ ᚋ ࡢ ෆ ᚄ ኚ ẚ ࡽ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 Ⲵ 㔜 ᐃ ࡀ せ 㸪 㛫 ࣭ ⇕ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ᗘ ᇦ ࡛ ࡢ ᐃ ࡀ ᐜ ᫆ ➼ ࡢ ࣓ ࣜ ࢵ ࢺ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 㘫 㐀 ຍ ᕤ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ᐃ ἲ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᗈ ࡃ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡓ ࡔ ࡋ 㸪 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡣ 3 ⛬ ᗘ ௨ ୗ ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ኚ ᙧ ࢆ ᶍ ᨃ ࡋ ࡓ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡣ ࠸ ࠼ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡀ 10 ⛬ ᗘ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪FFig. 1-7 ♧ ࡍ ࢫ ࣃ ࢡ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ [16]ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᰕ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࢆ ࢫ ࣃ ࢡ ᙧ ≧ ᢲ ࡋ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ 㝿 ࡢ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡸ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ᙧ ≧ ࡽ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢺ ࡢ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡽ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࡢ ホ ౯ ࡶ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࡋ 㸪 Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ⤯ ᑐ ್ ࡛ ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ᮦ ᩱ ᙉ ᗘ ࡸ ᑍ ἲ ࡢ ࡤ ࡽ ࡘ ࡁ ➼ ࡀ 㸪 ᐃ ⤖ ᯝ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡀ ࡁ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪Fig. 1-8 ♧ ࡍ ๓ ᪉ ㍈ ࣭ ᚋ ᪉ ⨁ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᙧ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ [17]ࡸ 㸪 Fig. 1-9 ♧ ࡍ ๓ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᙧ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ [18]ࡀ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡣ ๓ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ 㒊 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ 㒊 ࡢ ᙧ ≧ ࡀ 㸪ᦶ ᧿ ຊ ࡢ ࣂ ࣛ ࣥ ࢫ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ኚ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬Fig. 1-3 ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ᤣ ㎸ ࡳ 㸫 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᙧ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 [11]ࡣ 㸪 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡀ ᑠ ࡉ ࠸ 㒊 㸦 ࢲ ࢫ ഃ 㸪 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ 5 ௨ ୗ 㸧 㸪 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡀ ࡁ ࠸ 㒊 㸦 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ഃ 㸪 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ 35 ௨ ୖ 㸧ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ 㸪ྠ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ྍ ⬟ ࡞ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬Fig. 1-10 ♧ ࡍ ᒁ ᡤ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ ᙧ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 [8]ࡣ 㸪 พ ฝ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ࢲ ࢫ ࡛ ⥺ ᮦ ࢆ ᣳ ࡳ ࡅ ࡓ ≧ ែ ࡛ 㸪 ⥺ ᮦ ࢆ ᘬ ࡁ ᢤ ࡁ 㸪 ࢲ ࢫ స ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ ຊ ࢲ ࢫ ᢲ ᗈ ࡆ ຊ ࡽ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࢲ ࢫ ࢆ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ຍ ⇕ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ྍ ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ᭱ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ ㏿ ᗘ ࡣ 12.5 mm/s㸪 㠃 ᅽ ࡣ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ 2 ಸ ࡽ 2.5 ಸ 㸪⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡣ 10 ௨ ୗ ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࡛ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ୖ グ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡀ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ⏺ 㠃 ᗘ 㸪 ᥋ ゐ 㠃 ᅽ 㸪 ࡾ ㏿ ᗘ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡋ ࡓ ሗ ࿌ ࡣ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ⢒ ࡉ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᗈ ⠊ ᅖ ホ ౯ ࡋ ࡓ ሗ ࿌ ࡣ ࠶ ࡲ ࡾ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬
8
F
Fig. 1-7 Schematic illustration of spike test [[16]
Fig. 1-8 Schematic illustration of combined forward rod -backward can extrusion test [[17]
9
F
Fig. 1-9 Schematic illustration of combined forward conical can-backward straight can extrusion test [[18]
Fig. 1-10 Schematic illustration of t ribo test with concave-convex profiles [[8]
10 ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᡭ ἲ 㘫 㐀 ࡣ 㸪 ຍ ᕤ ㏿ ᗘ ࡀ ㏿ ࡃ 㸪 ࡁ ࠸ ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ≉ ᚩ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡣ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ከ ࠸ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 స ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ᦶ ᧿ ຊ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡣ ᶡ ᆺ ኚ ᙧ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ࡶ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡶ ᦶ ᧿ ຊ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡀ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ➃ 㠃 ᣊ ᮰ 㔠 ᆺ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ≧ ែ ࢆ ᅛ ╔ ࡋ ࡚ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡼ ࡾ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ᦶ ᧿ ຊ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᐃ 㔞 ࡋ 㸪 ⿵ ṇ ࡍ ࡿ ᡭ ἲ ࡀ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [19]㸬 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡛ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡸ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ᗘ ኚ ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡍ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡣ 㸪 ⇕ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ 㐃 ᡂ ࡉ ࡏ ࡚ ኚ ᙧ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡣ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࢆ ᣢ ࡓ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ᮃ ࡲ ࡋ ࠸ 㸬 㛫 ࣭ ⇕ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡢ ᗘ 㡿 ᇦ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ሗ ࿌ ࡀ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࢆ 」 ᩘ ࡢ ึ ᮇ ᗘ ຍ ⇕ ࡋ ࡚ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ᩿ ⇕ ኚ ᙧ ࢆ ௬ ᐃ ࡋ ࡚ ᗘ ኚ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᐃ 㔞 ࡋ 㸪 ୍ ᐃ ᗘ ୗ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࢆ ⟬ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ᡭ ἲ ࡀ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [20]㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ➹ ⪅ ࡽ ࡣ ࡇ ࢀ ຍ ࠼ ࡚ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ࡶ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡚ ᗘ ኚ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᐃ 㔞 ࡋ 㸪 ➼ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࢆ ⟬ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ᡭ ἲ ࢆ ᥦ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [21]㸬ࡉ ࡽ 㸪㧗 ࿘ Ἴ ຍ ⇕ ࡢ ᗘ ศ ᕸ ࡶ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪㏫ ゎ ᯒ ࡼ ࡾ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࢆ ⟬ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ᡭ ἲ ࡀ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [22]㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㸫 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ⇕ 㛫 ᅽ ᘏ ࡸ ⇕ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡢ ศ 㔝 ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ᥋ ゐ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ᐃ ࡀ 㸪 ྂ ࡃ ࡽ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᦶ ᧿ ᥋ ゐ 㠃 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᗘ ࡢ ᐇ ࡣ ᅔ 㞴 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ᥋ ゐ 㠃 ┤ ୗ ࡢ 㔠 ᆺ ෆ 㒊 ࡢ ᗘ ࢆ ᐃ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ⌮ ㄽ ゎ ࡸ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ồ ࡵ ࡓ 㔠 ᆺ ᗘ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࡽ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ከ ࠸ 㸬 ࣝ ࣑ ࢽ ࢘ ࣒ ྜ 㔠 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ 㛵 ࡋ 㸪 ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᗘ ຍ ⇕ ࡋ ࡓ 㔠 ᆺ ࢆ ᥋ ゐ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ 㸪 ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ྠ ࡌ ᗘ ຍ ⇕ ࡋ ࡓ 㔠 ᆺ ࡛ ࡢ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ⌮ ㄽ ゎ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪 ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡓ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [23]㸬㠃 ᅽ ⠊ ᅖ 14MPa ࡽ 68 MPa㸪㧗 ഃ ᗘ ⠊ ᅖ 600Υ ࡽ 1150Υ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 㸪₶ ࣭ ෭ ༷ ࡢ ⏺ 㠃 ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࢆ 㸪 ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ 㘫 㐀 ᆺ ⇕ ຎ ヨ 㦂 ᶵ ࡼ ࡿ ᗘ ᐃ 㸪 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡼ ࡿ ᗘ ゎ ᯒ ࡽ 㸪 ᥎ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [24]㸬 ࡲ ࡓ ⏺ 㠃 ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ₶ ✀ 㢮 㸪 ึ ᮇ ሬ ᕸ 㔞 㸪 ᗘ 㸪 ᥋ ゐ 㠃 ᅽ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 㛵 ࡋ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡛ ࡢ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ 㸪 ᕪ ศ ἲ ࡼ ࡿ ᗘ ゎ ᯒ ࡛ ࡢ ㍑ ṇ ᭤ ⥺ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࡽ 㸪 ⏺ 㠃 ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡓ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [25]㸬
11 ࡋ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡣ ࠸ ࡎ ࢀ ࡶ ⇕ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡢ ᗘ ᇦ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪ᐊ ࡢ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ ࡀ 㸪 ຍ ᕤ Ⓨ ⇕ ࡸ ᦶ ᧿ Ⓨ ⇕ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᗘ ୖ ᪼ ࡍ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㸪 ẚ ㍑ ⓗ ప ࠸ ᗘ 㡿 ᇦ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ሗ ࿌ ࡣ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ┠ ⓗ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᮏ ㄽ ᩥ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 」 㞧 ᙧ ≧ 㒊 ရ ࡢ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 㘫 㐀 ᙧ ≧ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡀ 100 ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ⿕ そ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡣ 㸪 㠀 ᖖ ⷧ ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ≧ ែ ࡛ ⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ ຍ ᕤ Ⓨ ⇕ ࡸ ᦶ ᧿ Ⓨ ⇕ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ᗘ ࡣ ᒁ ᡤ ⓗ ᩘ ⓒ Υ ࡶ 㐩 ࡋ 㸪 ᙉ ᗘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ 㕲 㗰 ᮦ ᩱ ࢆ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡍ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡣ 㸪 ࡉ ࡽ 㐣 㓞 ࡞ ᦶ ᧿ ᮲ ௳ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 㐣 㓞 ࡞ ᦶ ᧿ ᮲ ௳ ᑐ ᛂ ࡋ ࡓ 㸪 ₶ ࢺ ࣛ ࣎ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ホ ౯ ἲ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࣎ ≉ ᛶ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡋ 㸪 ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࡸ ⏺ 㠃 ᗘ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ⢒ ࡉ ➼ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ᮲ ௳ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡉ ࡽ 㸪 ࢺ ࣛ ࣎ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ ࢆ 㸪 ⇕ 㐃 ᡂ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ゎ ᯒ ⤌ ࡳ ㎸ ࡴ ࡇ ࡛ 㸪 ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࡢ 㧗 ⢭ ᗘ ࢆ ᅗ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪 ᙉ ᗘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ 㕲 㗰 ᮦ ᩱ ࢆ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡋ ࡓ 㸪 」 㞧 ᙧ ≧ 㒊 ရ ࡢ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ᢏ ⾡ 㛤 Ⓨ ᐤ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ➨ 1 ❶ ࡣ ᮏ ❶ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪◊ ✲ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ 㸪ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 Ⅼ ࡸ 㸪 ⇕ 㐃 ᡂ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ゎ ᯒ ࡢ ᚲ せ ᛶ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ┠ ⓗ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ➨ 2 ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ 㛵 ࡋ 㸪 㘫 㐀 ᕤ ἲ ࡢ ୰ ࡛ ࡶ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡀ ࡁ ࠸ 㸪 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡼ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ᚑ ᮶ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ 㝈 ⏺ ࡣ ┠ ど ࣭ ゐ デ ࡼ ࡿ ᐁ ⬟ ホ ౯ ࡛ ุ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ ࡀ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡋ ࡓ 㝿 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ࡇ ╔ ┠ ࡋ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ ࡢ ᑐ ᛂ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ᳨ ド ࡋ 㸪 Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ Ⅼ ࡽ ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ 㝈 ⏺ ࡢ ุ ᐃ ࢆ ヨ ࡳ ࡿ 㸬 Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ ࡢ せ ᅉ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ᙧ ≧ 㸦 ඛ ➃ R㸪 ඛ ➃ ゅ ᗘ 㸪 ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ 㛗 ࡉ 㸪ඛ ➃ ᖹ ᆠ 㒊 ᭷ ↓ 㸧㸪ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡀ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ 㛤 ጞ Ⅼ ㏆ ഐ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 㸪 ṧ ␃ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ 㔠 ᆺ ⢒ ࡉ ࡢ ᑐ ᛂ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ➨ 3 ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ➨ 2 ❶ ࡛ ᥦ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡼ ࡾ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ ᒙ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 㸪 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ 㸪 ᮍ ᛂ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࡢ ྛ ᒙ ࡀ 㸪 ₶ ࡋ ࡚ ᯝ ࡓ ࡍ ᶵ ⬟ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࡸ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ➨ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ⤌ ࡳ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࡓ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ホ ౯ ἲ ࢆ ᳨
12 ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡼ ࡾ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡣ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ 㸪 ึ ᮇ ࡢ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࡣ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ㏣ ᚑ ࡋ ࡚ ⷧ ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ⌧ ㇟ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࢆ ᗈ ⠊ ᅖ ไ ᚚ ࡋ ࡓ ヨ ᩱ ࢆ స 〇 ࡋ 㸪 ✀ ࠎ ࡢ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡸ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ 㸪 ⏺ 㠃 ᗘ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ⢒ ࡉ 㸪 ᥋ ゐ 㠃 ᅽ 㸪 ࡾ ㏿ ᗘ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡋ 㸪 ᐃ 㔞 ࢆ ヨ ࡳ ࡿ 㸬 ➨ 5 ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ⇕ 㐃 ᡂ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ゎ ᯒ ᚲ せ ࡞ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࢆ ⿕ そ ࡋ ࡓ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ᐇ 㘫 㐀 ㏿ ᗘ ᑐ ᛂ ࡋ ࡓ ㏿ ᗘ ࡛ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸪 ึ ᮇ ᗘ ࡀ ᐊ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ຍ ᕤ Ⓨ ⇕ ࡼ ࡾ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ᗘ ࡣ 100 Υ ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪ồ ࡵ ࡓ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡣ ᗘ ኚ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡀ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡇ ࡛ 㸪 ✀ ࠎ ࡢ ึ ᮇ ᗘ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ୰ ࡢ ᗘ ኚ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ⿵ ṇ ࡋ ࡓ 㸪 ➼ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࢆ ⟬ ฟ ࡋ 㸪 ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᐃ ᘧ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ᗘ ᇦ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࢆ ⿕ そ ࡋ ࡓ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ྠ ᐃ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ➨ 2 ❶ ࡛ ࡢ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ෆ 㒊 ᗘ ࡢ ᐇ ࢆ ヨ ࡳ 㸪 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡼ ࡿ ㍑ ṇ ᭤ ⥺ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࡽ 㸪 ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ྠ ᐃ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬 ➨ 6 ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ➨ 4 ❶ ࡛ ᐃ ᘧ ࡋ ࡓ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ᗘ ౫ Ꮡ ᛶ 㸪 ➨ 5 ❶ ࡛ ⟬ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ➼ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ 㸪 ➨ 5 ❶ ࡛ ྠ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࢆ ⿕ そ ࡋ ࡓ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ಀ ᩘ 㸪 ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 㘫 㐀 ୰ ࡢ ᗘ ኚ ࢆ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡓ ⇕ 㐃 ᡂ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᭷ ⏝ ᛶ ࢆ ᳨ ド ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ➨ 2 ❶ ࡛ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸪 ㏿ ᗘ ࢆ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ ࡓ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ Ⲵ 㔜 ண ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬 㔠 ᆺ ᗘ ࢆ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ ࡓ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ᐇ ࡋ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ 㝿 ࡢ Ⲵ 㔜 ண 㸪 ᙧ ≧ ண ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ➨ 2 ❶ ࡛ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸪 ⟄ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ Ⲵ 㔜 ண ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬 ➨ 7 ❶ ࡣ ᮏ ㄽ ᩥ ࡢ ⥲ ᣓ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ྛ ❶ ࡛ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ࡲ ࡵ ࡿ 㸬
13
➨ ❶ ⟄ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡼ ࡿ ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ホ ౯
⥴ ゝ ᙉ ᗘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ 㕲 㗰 ᮦ ᩱ ࢆ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡋ ࡚ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࡛ 」 㞧 ᙧ ≧ 㒊 ရ ࢆ ᡂ ᙧ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ቑ ࠼ ࡘ ࡘ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ሙ ྜ 㸪 ᚑ ᮶ ࡶ ቑ ࡋ ࡚ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ᥋ ゐ 㠃 ᅽ ࡸ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㛫 ࡢ ⏺ 㠃 ᗘ ࡣ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 㘫 㐀 ᕤ ⛬ ࢆ ᡂ ❧ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ୖ ࡛ 㸪⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ⾲ 㠃 ⿕ そ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ₶ ࡢ ᛶ ⬟ ࡣ 㸪㠀 ᖖ 㔜 せ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ࡢ ࡦ ࡘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࣎ ࣮ ࣝ ㏻ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 [9]ࡸ ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࣉ ࣛ ࢢ ㏻ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 [10]㸪 ᤣ ㎸ ࡳ 㸫 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᙧ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 [11]㸪ᤣ ㎸ ࡳ 㸫 ࣎ ࣮ ࣝ ࡋ ࡈ ࡁ ᙧ ᦶ ᧿ ヨ 㦂 [12]➼ 㸪ከ ࡃ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡀ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࡋ 㸪 ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡣ ┠ ど ࡛ ↝ ࡁ ࢆ ุ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ᐁ ⬟ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ᐈ ほ ⓗ ࡞ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡣ ࠸ ࠼ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ࡢ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡽ ุ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ [13]ࡸ 㸪ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ヨ 㦂 ࡛ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ኚ ࡸ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡽ ุ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ [14]ࡀ ᥦ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡣ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ᩘ ್ ࡛ ุ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ 㝈 ⏺ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡣ 㸪ᡂ ᙧ ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ࢆ ✀ ࠎ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ ࡓ 」 ᩘ ᅇ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ᚲ せ ࡋ 㸪 ከ ࡃ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ᕤ ᩘ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ᮏ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 㘫 㐀 ࡢ せ ࡞ ᕤ ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࢆ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ 㸪1 ᅇ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ࡛ ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ↝ ࡁ 㝈 ⏺ ࢆ ⡆ ౽ ᳨ ▱ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࢆ ᥦ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ⟄ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᐇ 㦂 ᐇ 㦂 ᮲ ௳ ᮏ ㄽ ᩥ ࡛ ࡢ ౪ ヨ ᮦ ࡣ 㸪↝ 㕌 ฎ ⌮ ࢆ ࡋ ࡓ ᶵ Ე ᵓ 㐀 ⏝ Ⅳ ⣲ 㗰 JIS S10C ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ Ꮫ ᡂ ศ ࢆ TTable 2-1 㸪 ⤌ ⧊ ┿ ࢆ Fig. 2-1 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ౪ ヨ ᮦ ࢆ ┤ ᚄ 27 mm㸪 㧗 ࡉ 52 mm ࡢ ᰕ ᙧ ≧ ᶵ Ე ຍ ᕤ ࡋ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㸪 ࢩ ࣙ ࢵ ࢺ ࣈ ࣛ ࢫ ࢺ 㸪 㓟 Ὑ ࡢ ᚋ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ฎ ⌮ ࢆ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᡂ ฎ ⌮ ࡣ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ࢆ 㸪 ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ฎ ⌮ ࡣ ࢼ ࢺ ࣜ ࢘ ࣒ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬 ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡣ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ᒙ ࡀ 9.3 g/m2㸪 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ᒙ ࡀ 3.8 g/m2㸪 ᮍ ᛂ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ᒙ ࡀ 13.9 g/m2࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡣ 㸪ῶ 㠃 ⋡ 50 %㸦 ࢲ ࢫ ┤ ᚄ 27.2 mm㸪ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ┤ ᚄ 19.1 mm㸧 ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ᙧ ≧ ࡣ Fig. 2-2 ♧ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪ඛ ➃ ゅ ᗘ ࢆ 170 r㸪ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ 㛗 ࡉ ࢆ 2 mm㸪ඛ ➃ R ࢆ 1 mm ࡋ 㸪ඛ ➃ ࡣ ᖹ ᆠ 㒊 ࢆ タ ࡅ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ᮦ ㉁ ࡣ 㧗 ㏿ ᗘ ᕤ ල 㗰 JIS SKH51 ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ྥ ୖ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࢥ ࣮ ࢸ ࣥ ࢢ ฎ ⌮ ࡣ ࡉ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬14
T
Table 2-1 Chemical composition of test material [mass %]
Fig. 2-1 Optical micrograph of specimen C Si Mn P S 0.08 0.23 0.47 0.013 0.023 I19.1㻌 2㻌 170㻌°㻌 I18.9㻌 R1㻌
15 ᚑ ᮶ ࡢ ↝ ࡁ ุ ᐃ ᇶ ‽ ࡛ ࡢ ホ ౯ ᐇ 㦂 ࡣ 㸪5,000 kN Ἔ ᅽ ࢧ ࣮ ࣎ ࣉ ࣞ ࢫ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡀ 2 mm ࡽ 62 mm ࡲ ࡛ 㸪 10 mm ࣆ ࢵ ࢳ ࡞ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪 ᡂ ᙧ ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ࢆ ㄪ ᩚ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ㏿ ᗘ ࡣ 200 mm/s ୍ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ↝ ࡁ ࡢ ุ ᐃ ᇶ ‽ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ⏕ ⏘ ⌧ ሙ ࡛ ࡢ ุ ᐃ ᇶ ‽ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ┠ ど ࣭ ゐ デ ຍ ࠼ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ࡢ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 [13]࡛ ࡶ ホ ౯ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ┠ ど ࣭ ゐ デ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ∎ ࡀ ᘬ ࡗ ࡿ ⛬ ᗘ ࡢ ⑅ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ሙ ྜ ࢆ 㸪↝ ࡁ ุ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ᮏ ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ࡣ 㸪࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 52 mm ࡛ ࡣ ⑅ ࡣ ⏕ ࡌ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪62 mm ࡛ ࡣ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ⑅ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪↝ ࡁ ุ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ࡢ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡣ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࣍ ࣝ ࢲ ࣮ 㛫 ᣳ ࢇ ࡔ 30 kN ࣟ ࣮ ࢻ ࢭ ࣝ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᐃ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ FFig. 2-3 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ᶓ ㍈ ࡣ ᡂ ᙧ ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ࡢ 㸪 ᡂ ᙧ ᚋ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࢆ ే グ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ⦪ ㍈ ࡣ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᭱ ್ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 52 mm ࡲ ࡛ ࡣ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡣ 2 kN ⛬ ᗘ ࡰ ୍ ᐃ ࡢ ್ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 62 mm ࡛ ࡣ 15 kN ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 52 mm ࡽ 62 mm ࡢ 㛫 ࡛ ↝ ࡁ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ุ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ 㸪 ┠ ど ࣭ ゐ デ ࡼ ࡿ ุ ᐃ ୍ ⮴ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ↝ ࡁ ࡢ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡣ 㸪 ┠ ど ࣭ ゐ デ 㸪 ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡶ 52 mm ࡽ 62 mm ࡢ 㛫 ุ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪᭦ ヲ ⣽ ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ ⨨ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡣ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࢆ ✀ ࠎ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ ࡓ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ヨ 㦂 ẖ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ ࢆ ᡭ ධ ࢀ ࡍ ࡿ ᚲ せ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ⢒ ࡉ ࢆ ୍ ᐃ ಖ ࡗ ࡓ ≧ ែ ࡛ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 ࡣ ᅔ 㞴 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬
16
F
Fig. 2-3 Determination of galling based on stripping load after backward extrusion ᪂ ࡓ ࡞ ↝ ࡁ ุ ᐃ ᇶ ‽ ࡛ ࡢ ホ ౯ 2.2.2 ࡛ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㝿 ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸪ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࢆ Fig. 2-4 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡣ 㸪 ࣉ ࣞ ࢫ ෆ ⶶ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 5,000 kN ࣟ ࣮ ࢻ ࢭ ࣝ ࡛ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ୍ ⯡ ⓗ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ 㛤 ጞ ┤ ᚋ ࢆ 㝖 ࡃ ᐃ ᖖ ኚ ᙧ ୰ ࡣ ୍ ᐃ Ⲵ 㔜 ࢆ ♧ ࡍ 㸪 ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [26]㸬Fig. 2-4 ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 2 mm ࡽ 52 mm ࡢ Ỉ ‽ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡣ ୍ ᐃ ್ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 62 mm ࡢ Ỉ ‽ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ⤊ ┙ ࡢ ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ 30 mm ௨ 㝆 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 53 mm ௨ 㝆 ࡛ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ᛴ ⃭ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ᣲ ື ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡋ ࡓ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ, ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ࡢ ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ ≧ ἣ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᑐ ᛂ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡛ ࡁ ࢀ ࡤ 㸪1 ᅇ ࡢ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ ࡀ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡍ ࡿ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࡋ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ᚋ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࢆ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ࡽ ᘬ ࡁ ᢤ ࡃ 㸪 ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ ࡢ 㝿 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࡀ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ࢆ ⑅ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࡇ ࡛ ↝ ࡁ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ࢆ ุ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 0 5 10 15 20 0 10 20 30 40 Stripping load [kN] Stroke [mm] Depth of cup [mm] 0 13 33 53 73
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F
Fig. 2-4 Determination of galling based on change in extrusion load ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࢆ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ࡽ ᘬ ࡁ ᢤ ࡃ ࡇ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ࢆ ほ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ ࡣ 㸪 ᡂ ᙧ ୗ Ṛ Ⅼ ࡛ ࣉ ࣞ ࢫ ࢆ Ṇ ࡵ ࡚ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ࡀ ୍ య ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ≧ ែ ࡢ ࡲ ࡲ 㸪 ほ ᐹ ౪ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡶ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪Fig. 2-5 ♧ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࢆ ඛ ➃ 㒊 ㍈ 㒊 ศ ࡍ ࡿ ᪉ ἲ ࢆ ⪃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ᪉ ἲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ⨨ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࢪ ࢢ ࢆ ࡋ ࡚ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ୖ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ 㒊 ࢆ ࢭ ࢵ ࢺ ࡋ 㸪ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ㍈ 㒊 ࡼ ࡾ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ 㒊 ࢆ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ᢲ ࡋ ㎸ ࡴ ࡇ ࡛ 㸪 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ୰ ࡢ ೫ ⰺ ࢆ 㜵 ࡄ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ 㒊 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ㍈ 㒊 ࡢ ᔐ ྜ 㒊 ࡣ 㸪160 rࡢ ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࢆ タ ࡅ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ⤊ ᚋ ࡣ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ ࢆ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ ⨨ ࡁ ཤ ࡾ ࡋ ࡓ ≧ ែ ࡛ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ㍈ 㒊 ࡢ ࡳ ࢆ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ࡽ ⛣ ື ࡉ ࡏ 㸪 ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ୰ ↝ ࡁ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ሙ ྜ ࡛ ࡶ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ 㒊 ࡀ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ࢆ Ⲩ ࡽ ࡍ ࡇ ࡞ ࡃ ಖ ᣢ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ ≧ ἣ ࡢ ヲ ⣽ ࢆ ほ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ྍ ⬟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 10 20 30 40 Ex trusion load [kN] Stroke [mm] Depth of cup [mm] 0 13 33 53 73
18
F
Fig. 2-5 Concept of backward extrusion with divided punch ࡇ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ ࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪᪂ ࡓ ࡞ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ᐇ 㦂 ࡣ 㸪 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ 㛗 ࡉ 300 mm ࡢ 6,000kN ࣓ ࢝ ࣉ ࣞ ࢫ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬ᡂ ᙧ ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ࡣ 49 mm ࡋ 㸪 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ᩘ ࡣ 30 spm ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᡂ ᙧ 㛤 ጞ ࡢ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ㏿ ᗘ ࡣ 348 mm/s㸪 ୗ Ṛ Ⅼ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ㏿ ᗘ ࡣ 185 mm/s ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡣ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ෆ ⤌ ࡳ ㎸ ࢇ ࡔ 1,000 kN ࣟ ࣮ ࢻ ࢭ ࣝ ࡚ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࢆ Fig. 2-6 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࡣ 㸪Fig. 2-4 ྠ ᵝ 㸪ᐃ ᖖ Ⲵ 㔜 ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ 㸪࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 53 mm ⛬ ᗘ ࡽ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡋ 㸪62 mm ⛬ ᗘ ࡛ Ⲵ 㔜 ቑ ຍ ࡣ 㣬 ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ࢆ L ᩿ 㠃 ࡚ ษ ᩿ ࡋ 㸪 ෆ 㠃 ࡢ ↝ ࡁ ≧ ἣ ࢆ ほ ᐹ ࡋ ࡓ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ Fig. 2-7 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ↝ ࡁ ࡣ Fig. 2-7 ࡢ ᶍ ᘧ ᅗ ࡢ 㸪 ࢢ ࣞ ࣮ ࡛ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㒊 ศ ࡛ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ↝ ࡁ ࡀ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡍ ࡿ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡣ 㸪 ࿘ ᪉ ྥ ࡢ ⨨ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ␗ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪53 mm ࡽ 62 mm ⛬ ᗘ ࡢ 㛫 ࡛ ࡤ ࡽ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ቑ ຍ ࡣ 㸪 ࡰ ↝ ࡁ ࡢ Ⓨ ⏕ ≧ ἣ ᑐ ᛂ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ุ ᩿ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ 㛤 ጞ Ⅼ ࢆ ㄞ ࡳ ྲྀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡞ ࠸ ࡛ ᡂ ᙧ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㝈 ⏺ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ྍ ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡣ 㸪 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ᣦ ᶆ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ௨ 㝆 㸪 㝈 ⏺ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ⛠ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 Punch tip㻌 Punch shaft㻌 Positioning jig㻌 I19.1㻌 170°㻌 I18.8㻌 R1㻌 160°㻌 2㻌 10㻌
19
F
Fig. 2-7 Galling generation on inner surface of cup
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 10 20 30 40 50 Ex trusion load [ kN] Stroke [mm] Depth of cup [mm] 0 13 33 53 73 93 Depth of cup [mm]㻌 53㻌 62㻌 Galling㻌 Punch tip㻌
Fig. 22-66 Determination of galling based on change in extrusion load
20 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡼ ࡿ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ ࡢ せ ᅉ ᳨ ウ ゎ ᯒ ᮲ ௳ ๓ ⠇ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡢ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ᣲ ື 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ෆ 㠃 ࡢ ↝ ࡁ ≧ ἣ ࡀ ᑐ ᛂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ せ ᅉ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ㏵ ୰ ࡛ ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ↝ ࡁ ࡀ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡋ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ௨ እ ࡶ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡸ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ᙧ ≧ ➼ ࡀ Ⲵ 㔜 ቑ ຍ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡶ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡇ ࡛ 㸪 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡢ ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ ࡢ せ ᅉ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡣ 㸪 㠀 ⥺ ᙧ 㟼 ⓗ 㝜 ゎ ἲ ࡢ ၟ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ ࢥ ࣮ ࢻ DEFORM-2D ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 ㍈ ᑐ ⛠ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᡂ ᙧ ୰ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࡣ ᙎ ᛶ ኚ ᙧ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ 㸪 ᡂ ᙧ ึ ᮇ ࡢ Ⲵ 㔜 ቑ ຍ ᣲ ື ᕪ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࡣ ᙎ ᛶ య ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࢲ ࢫ ࢝ ࢘ ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ ࡣ ゎ ᯒ 㛫 ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࡽ ๛ య ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ຍ ᕤ Ⓨ ⇕ ࡸ ᦶ ᧿ Ⓨ ⇕ ࡶ ࡞ ࠺ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ᗘ ኚ ࡣ ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡣ ๛ ረ ᛶ య ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ 㒊 ࡢ ᥋ ゐ ࡀ ༑ ศ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ 㒊 0.5 rࡢ ᚤ ᑠ ࡞ ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࢆ タ ࡅ 㸪 ᥋ ゐ ࢆ ಁ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ᚤ ᑠ ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ ࢆ タ ࡅ ࡓ ࡇ ࡼ ࡿ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡣ 㸪 㠀 ᖖ ᑠ ࡉ ࠸ ࡇ ࢆ ☜ ㄆ ῭ ࡳ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ➃ 㠃 ᣊ ᮰ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ౪ ヨ ᮦ ࢆ 㸪 ┤ ᚄ 10 mm㸪 㧗 ࡉ 15 mm ࡢ ᰕ ᙧ ≧ ᶵ Ე ຍ ᕤ ࡋ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ 㔠 ᆺ ࡣ ྠ ᚰ ⁁ ࡁ ᣊ ᮰ 㔠 ᆺ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬 ᐇ 㦂 ࡣ 㸪500 kN Ἔ ᅽ ࢧ ࣮ ࣎ ࣉ ࣞ ࢫ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 ✀ ࠎ ࡢ ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ ᅽ ⦰ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ ㏿ ᗘ ࡣ 㸪 ‽ 㟼 ⓗ ࡞ 0.06 mm/s 㸪ື ⓗ ࡞ 60 mm/s ࡢ 2 ㏻ ࡾ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ᖹ ᆒ ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ ㏿ ᗘ ࡣ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ 0.01 /s㸪10 /s ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ᅽ ⦰ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡣ 㸪ࣉ ࣞ ࢫ ෆ ⶶ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 1,000 kN ࣟ ࣮ ࢻ ࢭ ࣝ ࡛ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ ᅽ ⦰ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡽ 㸪 ᩥ ⊩ ࡢ ᡭ ἲ [19] ࡼ ࡾ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ⟬ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬
21 ➃ 㠃 ᣊ ᮰ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ồ ࡵ ࡓ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ᭤ ⥺ ࢆ FFig. 2-8 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡣ 㸪Fig. 2-8 ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ᭤ ⥺ ࢆ Swift ࡢ ᘧ ࡛ ᅇ ᖐ ࡋ ࡚ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬‽ 㟼 ⓗ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊVs t a t icࢆ ᘧᘧ(2-1) 㸪ື ⓗ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊVdyn am ic ࢆ ᘧᘧ(2-2) ♧ ࡍ 㸬ࡉ ࡽ 㸪ຍ ᕤ ◳ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊVc on s ta n t ࡋ ࡚ 㸪ᘧᘧ(2-3) ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ 㔠 ᆺ ᙧ ≧ ࡣ ᐇ 㦂 ྠ ࡌ Fig. 2-5 ࡢ ᙧ ≧ ࡋ 㸪ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࢲ ࢫ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㛫 ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ 㸪50Υ ࡽ 100 Υ ࡢ ⏺ 㠃 ᗘ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪P= 0.07 ࡋ ࡓ [27]㸬 Vst a t ic= 676 ( Hp+ 0.0014 ) 0. 1 6 2 [MPa] (2-1) Vdyn am ic= 589 ( Hp+ 0.0049 ) 0. 0 8 9 [MPa] (2-2) Vco n st an t= 500 [MPa] (2-3) Vst a t ic㸸 ‽ 㟼 ⓗ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ Vdyn am ic㸸 ື ⓗ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ Vco n st an t㸸 㠀 ຍ ᕤ ◳ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ Hp㸸 ┦ ᙜ ረ ᛶ ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ
Fig. 2-8 Flow stress – strain curve of test material 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Fl ow stress V [M Pa ] Strain H 0.06 mm/s 60 mm/s
22 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡛ ồ ࡵ ࡓ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࢆ FFig. 2-9 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ຍ ᕤ ◳ ᣦ ᩘ ࡢ ࡁ ࠸ ᘧ(2-1)࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᐃ ᖖ ኚ ᙧ ࡢ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ቑ ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪 ࠸ ࡎ ࢀ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ Fig. 2-6 ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ㏵ ୰ ࡛ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ᛴ ቑ ࡍ ࡿ ᣲ ື ࡣ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡣ Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ ࡢ せ ᅉ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ᮏ ホ ౯ ἲ ࡣ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ຍ ᕤ ◳ ᣲ ື ࡼ ࡽ ࡎ 㐺 ⏝ ྍ ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬
Fig. 2-9 Effect of flow stress of material on extrusion load 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 10 20 30 40 50 Ex trusion L oad [k N] Stroke [mm] V = 676(ε + 0.0014)0.162 V = 589(ε + 0.0049)0.089 V = 500
23 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ᙧ ≧ ࡼ ࡿ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ Fig. 2-2 ♧ ࡍ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ ᙧ ≧ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪ඛ ➃ ゅ ᗘ ࢆ 80 ° ࡽ 90 °㸪ඛ ➃ R ࢆ 0.5 mm ࡽ 2 mm㸪 ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ 㛗 ࡉ ࢆ 2 mm ࡽ 5 mm ࡛ 㸪 ✀ ࠎ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ ࡓ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡲ ࡓ 㸪ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ࡣ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ ࡣ ᖹ ᆠ 㒊 ࢆ タ ࡅ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪┤ ᚄ 5 mm㸪 10 mm ࡢ ᖹ ᆠ 㒊 ࢆ タ ࡅ ࡓ ሙ ྜ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡣ ᘧ(2-2)ࡢ ື ⓗ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣP= 0.07 ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ୍ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ R ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ FFig. 2-10 ♧ ࡍ 㸬ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ R ࡼ ࡿ ᐃ ᖖ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᕪ ࡣ ᑠ ࡉ ࡃ 㸪ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ㏵ ୰ ࡛ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ᛴ ቑ ࡍ ࡿ ᣲ ື ࡶ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ඛ ➃ ゅ ᗘ 㸪 ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ 㛗 ࡉ 㸪 ඛ ➃ ࡢ ᖹ ᆠ 㒊 ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ඛ ➃ R ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ྠ ᵝ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ᛴ ቑ ࡍ ࡿ ᣲ ື ࡣ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ᙧ ≧ ࡣ Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ ࡢ せ ᅉ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ 㸪ࡲ ࡓ 㸪ᮏ ホ ౯ ἲ ࡛ ࡣ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ᙧ ≧ ࡢ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࢆ ⏝ ྍ ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬
Fig. 2-10 Effect of punch corner R on extrusion load 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 10 20 30 40 50 Extrusion Load [k N] Stroke [mm] R0.5 R1.0 R2.0
24 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡀ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㛫 ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ 㸪✀ ࠎ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ ࡓ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࢡ ࣮ ࣟ ࣥ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣP= 0.00 ࡽ 0.30 ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࡛ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ 㸪 ࿘ ࡀ ↝ ࠸ ࡓ ≧ ែ ┦ ᙜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸪ᦶ ᧿ ࡏ ࢇ ᩿ ಀ ᩘ m = 1.00 ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࡢ ゎ ᯒ ࡶ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡓ ࡔ ࡋ 㸪ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ᡂ ᙧ ୰ ↝ ࡁ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ࡢ ࡣ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ഃ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ 㸪 ࢲ ࢫ ഃ ࡢ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡣ 2 ⛬ ᗘ ᑠ ࡉ ࡃ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ษ ࢀ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ࡣ ⪃ ࠼ ࡃ ࠸ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 ࢲ ࢫ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㛫 ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣP= 0.07 ࡛ ᅛ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡢ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡣ ᘧ(2-2)ࡢ ື ⓗ ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ᙧ ≧ ࡣ ᐇ 㦂 ྠ ࡌ Fig. 2-2 ࡢ ᙧ ≧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡛ ồ ࡵ ࡓ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࢆ FFig. 2-11 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ↹ 㞧 ࡉ ࢆ ࡞ ࡃ ࡍ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ྠ ᅗ ࡣP= 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, m = 1.00 ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ࡳ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡀ ࡁ ࠸ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡣ ࡁ ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡀ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ୰ ୍ ᐃ ࡛ ࠶ ࢀ ࡤ 㸪 ㏵ ୰ ࡛ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ᛴ ቑ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡣ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡢ 㐍 ⾜ ࡶ ࡞ ࠺ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡀ ⷧ ࡃ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ 㒊 ࡛ ᒁ ᡤ ⓗ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡋ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ 㠃 ✚ ࡢ ቑ ຍ ᑐ ᛂ ࡋ ࡚ ᖹ ᆒ ⓗ ࡞ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡋ ࡓ 㸪 ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ㏵ ୰ ࡛ ࡢ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᛴ ቑ ࡀ ㄝ ᫂ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ୰ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ Table 2-2 ♧ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪 ᡂ ᙧ ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ᚑ ࡗ ࡚ ᚎ ࠎ ቑ ຍ ࡉ ࡏ ࡓ ሙ ྜ ࡢ ゎ ᯒ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ Fig. 2-12 ♧ ࡍ 㸬Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ⤯ ᑐ ್ ከ ᑡ ࡢ ᕪ ࡣ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ㏵ ୰ ࡛ ࡢ Ⲵ 㔜 ᛴ ቑ ࢆ ⾲ ⌧ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬
25
F
Fig. 2-11 Effect of friction coefficient on extrusion load Table 2-2 Friction coefficient during extrusion
Stroke /mm Friction coefficient
0 – 14 P= 0.07 14 – 30 P= 0.05 30 – 32 P= 0.08 32 – 34 P= 0.15 34 – 46 m = 1.00
Fig. 2-12 Result of FEM with varying friction coefficient and experiment 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 10 20 30 40 50 Ex trusion L oad [k N] Stroke [mm] P P P m1.00 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 10 20 30 40 50 Ex trusion L oad [k N] Stroke [mm] Experiment FEM with
26 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ṧ ␃ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ほ ᐹ ほ ᐹ ᪉ ἲ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ࡢ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ṧ ␃ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࢆ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 FE-AES(㟁 ⏺ ᨺ ᑕ ᆺ ࢜ ࣮ ࢪ ࢙ 㟁 Ꮚ ศ ග ἲ )ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡣ 㸪㏻ ᖖ ࡢ ฎ ⌮ ᮲ ௳ ࡛ ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ฎ ⌮ ࢆ ࡋ ࡓ ᮲ ௳ A ຍ ࠼ 㸪 ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࢆ ព ᅗ ⓗ ᑡ ࡞ ࡃ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪ฎ ⌮ ᗘ ࢆ ప ࡃ ࡋ ࡓ ᮲ ௳ B ࡶ ‽ ഛ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬᮲ ௳ A ࡢ ึ ᮇ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࡣ ⣙ 5 Pm ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡢ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪 ᮲ ௳ B ࡛ ࡣ ึ ᮇ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࣒ ࣛ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ཌ ࠸ ࡇ ࢁ ࡛ ࡣ ⣙ 2 Pm ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪 ᒁ ᡤ ⓗ ᆅ 㕲 ࡀ 㟢 ฟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㒊 ࡶ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡣ 㸪 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ 㛗 ࡉ 300 mm ࡢ ࣓ ࢝ ࣉ ࣞ ࢫ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ᩘ 30 spm ࡛ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ࡢ ┿ ࢆ FFig. 2-13 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ᮲ ௳ A ࡣ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 20 mm ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 65 mm ࡢ ⨨ ࡽ 㸪 ᮲ ௳ B ࡣ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 20 mm ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ 40 mm ࡢ ⨨ ࡽ 㸪 FE-AES ศ ᯒ ⏝ ࡢ ヨ ᩱ ࢆ ษ ࡾ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᮲ ௳ A ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 20 mm ⨨ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪↝ ࡁ ࡣ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪ࡑ ࢀ ௨ እ ࡛ ࡣ 㒊 ศ ⓗ ࡞ ↝ ࡁ ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬FE-AES ศ ᯒ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ศ ᯒ ⾲ 㠃 ࡽ ῝ ࡉ ᪉ ྥ 2 nm ࣆ ࢵ ࢳ ࡛ ࢫ ࣃ ࢵ ࢱ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪 ࣅ ࣮ ࣒ ᚄ 20 nm ⛬ ᗘ ࡢ ど 㔝 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ P㸪 O㸪 C㸪 Zn㸪 Fe ࡢ ᙉ ᗘ ࢆ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪4 ⟠ ᡤ ࡽ 6 ⟠ ᡤ ࡛ ศ ᯒ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 Condition A Condition B
27 ほ ᐹ ⤖ ᯝ FE-AES ศ ᯒ ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ୍ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᮲ ௳ A ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ 20 mm ⨨ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᐃ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ FFig. 2-14 ♧ ࡍ 㸬⾲ 㠃 ㏆ ഐ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ⿕ ⭷ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ Zn ࡸ P㸪 O ࡢ ᙉ ᗘ ࡀ ᙉ ࡃ 㸪 ⾲ 㠃 ࡽ 200 nm ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ ࡿ 㸪 Fe ࡢ ᙉ ᗘ ࡀ ࡰ 㣬 ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 ࡇ ࡢ ሙ ᡤ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ṧ ␃ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࡣ 200 nm ⛬ ᗘ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬
Fig. 2-14 Atomic density of inner surface of cup (Condition A, 20 mm from cup edge)
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 Atomic density [ at%]
Depth from surface [nm] Fe
Zn O
C P
28 ࡢ ほ ᐹ ⨨ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ྠ ᵝ ṧ ␃ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࢆ ồ ࡵ 㸪 ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡛ ᩚ ⌮ ࡋ ࡓ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ FFig. 2-15 ♧ ࡍ 㸬ྠ ᅗ ࡣ 㸪᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࡛ ồ ࡵ ࡓ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡶ ే グ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ⾲ 㠃 ⢒ ࡉ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ᅉ Ꮚ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ᭱ 㧗 ࡉ Rz ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ✺ ฟ ᒣ 㒊 㧗 ࡉ Rpk ࡀ 㐺 ษ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸪 ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ [11]㸬ᮏ ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ 㸪ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ඛ ➃ ࢸ ࣮ ࣃ ࣮ 㒊 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࣛ ࣥ ࢻ 㒊 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 㸪ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ㍈ ⥺ ᪉ ྥ ࡢ ✺ ฟ ᒣ 㒊 㧗 ࡉ Rpk ࡣ 㸪 ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ 0.031㸪 0.027 PmRpk ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ 㸪 ṧ ␃ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࡀ 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ✺ ฟ ᒣ 㒊 㧗 ࡉ Rpk ࢆ ୗ ᅇ ࡗ ࡓ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡛ 㸪↝ ࡁ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ࡇ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡛ ࡢ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ࡼ ࡾ ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡀ ⷧ ࡃ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ✺ ฟ ᒣ 㒊 㧗 ࡉ Rpk ࢆ ୗ ᅇ ࡗ ࡓ 㒊 ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ ࡀ ┤ ᥋ ᥋ ゐ ࡋ ࡚ จ ╔ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ 㡿 ᇦ ࡀ ᣑ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ ↝ ࡁ ⮳ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬
Fig. 2-15 Relation between distance from cup edge and thickness of residual lubricant 0.01 0.1 1 10 0 20 40 60 80 Thickness of re sidual lublicant [ μm]
Distance from cup edge [mm]
Condition A Condition B Rpk of punch
Surface expansion ratio
1 10 45 200
29 ⤖ ㄽ 㘫 㐀 ⏝ ₶ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࡢ ホ ౯ ἲ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 㘫 㐀 ࡢ ௦ ⾲ ⓗ ࡞ ຍ ᕤ ἲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ 㝈 ⏺ ࢆ ᳨ ▱ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ἲ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ⏕ ⏘ ⌧ ሙ ࡛ ࡢ ุ ᐃ ᇶ ‽ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ゐ デ ࣭ ┠ ど ࡼ ࡿ ホ ౯ 㸪 ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡼ ࡿ ホ ౯ ࡢ ẚ ㍑ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ 㸪 ௨ ୗ ࡢ ࡇ ࡀ ࢃ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ձ ↝ ࡁ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ሙ ྜ ࡢ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࡣ 㸪ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ ᛴ ቑ ࡍ ࡿ ⌧ ㇟ ࡀ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ࡢ ↝ ࡁ ≧ ἣ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᑐ ᛂ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡋ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ቑ ຍ 㛤 ጞ Ⅼ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ 㛤 ጞ ⨨ ࡀ ᑐ ᛂ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࢀ ࢆ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪1 ᅇ ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ 㸪 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ᳨ ▱ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ホ ౯ ἲ ࢆ ᥦ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ղ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᛴ ቑ ࡣ 㸪↝ ࡁ ࡢ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡼ ࡿ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡢ ቑ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᘬ ࡁ ㉳ ࡇ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ճ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᚋ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࢆ FE-AES ศ ᯒ ࡼ ࡾ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ ࡇ ࢁ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ Ⓨ ⏕ 㒊 ࡢ ⭷ ཌ ࡣ 㸪ࣃ ࣥ ࢳ ࡢ ✺ ฟ ᒣ 㒊 㧗 ࡉ Rpk ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ⷧ ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ 㸬 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡛ ࡢ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ࡼ ࡾ ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡀ ⷧ ࡃ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪 㔠 ᆺ ࡢ ✺ ฟ ᒣ 㒊 㧗 ࡉ Rpk ࢆ ୗ ᅇ ࡗ ࡓ 㒊 ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ ࡀ ┤ ᥋ ᥋ ゐ ࡋ ࡚ จ ╔ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ 㡿 ᇦ ࡀ ᣑ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ ↝ ࡁ ⮳ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 մ ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡛ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ሙ ྜ 㸪࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࢆ ✀ ࠎ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ ࡓ ከ ᩘ ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ㍍ ᚤ ࡞ ↝ ࡁ ࡣ 㸪 ᘬ ᢤ ࡁ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡛ ࡣ ุ ᐃ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬
30
➨ ❶ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ᵓ ᡂ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ₶ ᶵ ⬟
⥴ ゝ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ⏝ ࡢ ₶ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࢆ ⤌ ࡳ ྜ ࢃ ࡏ ࡓ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡀ 㸪 ᗈ ࡃ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡣ 㸪 F Fig. 3-1 ♧ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪 ᡂ ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㗰 ᮦ ⾲ 㠃 ᬗ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ᒙ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࡢ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ᒙ ᛂ ࡋ ࡚ ⏕ ᡂ ࡋ ࡓ 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ᒙ 㸪 ᮍ ᛂ ࡢ ࡲ ࡲ ṧ Ꮡ ࡋ ࡓ ᮍ ᛂ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ᒙ 㸪 ࡢ 3 ᒙ ࡽ ᵓ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ [28]㸬ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ 3 ᒙ ࡢ 㘫 㐀 ⏝ ₶ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ᶵ ⬟ ࢆ ᫂ ☜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡃ ࡇ ࡣ 㸪 ᙉ ᗘ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ 㕲 㗰 ᮦ ᩱ ࡢ ෭ 㛫 㘫 㐀 ࢆ ᐇ ⌧ ࡍ ࡿ ୖ ࡛ 㸪 㔜 せ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ᮏ ❶ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ➨ 2 ❶ ࡛ ᥦ ࡋ ࡓ ⟄ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡼ ࡿ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ホ ౯ ἲ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ࡼ ࡿ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ᐃ ἲ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࢆ ᵓ ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 㸪 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ 㸪 ᮍ ᛂ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࡢ ྛ ᒙ ࡀ 㸪 㘫 㐀 ₶ ࡋ ࡚ ᯝ ࡓ ࡍ ᶵ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡀ ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ᙳ 㡪 ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ᳨ ウ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ 㸬Fig. 3-1 Schematic illustration of zinc phosphate coating [[28]
Steel㻌
Zinc phosphate㻌 Metallic soap㻌 Alkali soap㻌
31 ᐇ 㦂 ᪉ ἲ ₶ ⿕ ⭷ Ỉ ‽ ౪ ヨ ᮦ ࢆ 㸪 ᚋ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ ヨ 㦂 ∦ ᙧ ≧ ᶵ Ე ຍ ᕤ ࡋ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㸪 ࢩ ࣙ ࢵ ࢺ ࣈ ࣛ ࢫ ࢺ 㸪 㓟 Ὑ ࡢ ᚋ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ฎ ⌮ ࢆ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ Ỉ ‽ ࢆ TTable 3-1 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ྠ ⾲ ࡣ 㸪 ༢ 㠃 ✚ ࠶ ࡓ ࡾ ࡢ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࢆ ే グ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 Ỉ ‽ 1 ࡽ Ỉ ‽ 4 ࡣ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ᵓ ᡂ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ₶ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ᶵ ⬟ ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 タ ࡅ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 Ỉ ‽ 1 ࡣ 㸪 ㏻ ᖖ ࡢ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 㸪 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ 㸪 ᮍ ᛂ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࡢ 3 ᒙ ࡽ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 Ỉ ‽ 2 ࡣ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࡢ 2 ᒙ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ 㸪 Ỉ ‽ 1 ࢆ ࡏ ࢇ ࡋ ࡚ ᮍ ᛂ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࢆ 㝖 ཤ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ స 〇 ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 Ỉ ‽ 3 ࡣ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 1 ᒙ ࡢ ࡳ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ 㸪 Ỉ ‽ 2 ࡢ 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࢆ ᭷ ᶵ ⁐ ࡼ ࡾ 㝖 ཤ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ స 〇 ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ Ỉ ‽ 4 ࡣ 㸪 ࢩ ࣙ ࢵ ࢺ ࣈ ࣛ ࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ࡳ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ 㸪 ↓ ₶ ࡢ ≧ ែ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 Ỉ ‽ 5 ࡽ Ỉ ‽ 7 ࡣ 㸪 ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡀ ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ホ ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 タ ࡅ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ᡂ ฎ ⌮ 㸪 ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ฎ ⌮ ࡢ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ ⸆ ⃰ ᗘ ࢆ ኚ ᭦ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ 㸪 ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࢆ ቑ ῶ ࡉ ࡏ ࡓ 㸬
Table 3-1 Lubricating condition
No. conversion Chemical treatment
Soap Treatment
Coating weight [g/m2]
Zinc
phosphate Metal soap Alkali soap 1 phosphate Zinc stearate Sodium 8.8 0.9 3.8
2 Ќ Ќ 8.8 0.9 㸫
3 Ќ Ќ 8.8 㸫 㸫
4 㸫 㸫 㸫 㸫 㸫
5 phosphate Zinc stearate Sodium 15.6 3.9 8.4
6 Ќ Ќ 9.0 2.1 3.4
7 Ќ Ќ 7.4 1.8 2.8
32 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ᐇ 㦂 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࡣ 㸪 ➨ 2 ❶ ࡛ ᥦ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ホ ౯ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 㸫 ᡂ ᙧ ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢡ ⥺ ᅗ ࢆ స ᡂ ࡋ 㸪ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ቑ ຍ 㛤 ጞ Ⅼ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ 㝈 ⏺ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࢆ ุ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ᐇ 㦂 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ౪ ヨ ᮦ ࢆ 㸪 እ ᚄ 21.0 mm㸪 ෆ ᚄ 10.5 mm㸪 㧗 ࡉ 7.0 mm ࡢ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᙧ ≧ ᶵ Ე ຍ ᕤ ࡋ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ᐇ 㦂 ࡣ 㸪500 kN Ἔ ᅽ ࢧ ࣮ ࣎ 㘫 㐀 ᶵ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ 㸪ᐊ ࡢ ᖹ 㔠 ᆺ ࡼ ࡾ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ 40 %㸪 60 %ࡢ 2 Ỉ ‽ ᅽ ⦰ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ຍ ᕤ ㏿ ᗘ ࡣ 50 mm/s ୍ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ⟬ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ㍑ ṇ ᭤ ⥺ ࡣ 㸪 ᭷ 㝈 せ ⣲ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ ⟬ ฟ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬㠀 ຍ ᕤ ◳ ᮦ ᩱ ࢆ ௬ ᐃ ࡋ 㸪ὶ ື ᛂ ຊ ࡣ ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ ࡼ ࡽ ࡎ ୍ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ᵓ ᡂ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ᵓ ᡂ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 Ỉ ‽ 1 ࡽ Ỉ ‽ 4 ࡢ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ෆ 㠃 ࢆ ほ ᐹ ࡋ ࡓ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ FFig. 3-2 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ྠ ᅗ ࡣ 㸪 ↝ ࡁ 㛤 ጞ Ⅼ ࢆ ▮ ༳ ࡛ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ࡲ ࡓ 㸪ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ቑ ຍ 㛤 ጞ Ⅼ ࡽ ồ ࡵ ࡓ 㸪 㝈 ⏺ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࢆ Fig. 3-3 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ⿕ ⭷ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ Ỉ ‽ 1 ࡽ Ỉ ‽ 3 ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࡤ ࡽ ࡘ ࡁ ࡣ ࠶ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡢ 㸪 㝈 ⏺ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡣ 49 mm ࡽ 53 mm ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 Ỉ ‽ 㛫 ࡁ ࡞ ᕪ ࡣ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ୍ ᪉ 㸪 ↓ ₶ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ Ỉ ‽ 4 ࡢ 㝈 ⏺ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡣ 1 mm 㸪ᴟ ➃ ప ࠸ ⤖ ᯝ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ࢆ ᢸ ಖ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡣ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ⿕ ⭷ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ุ ᩿ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬 Fig. 3-3 ࡣ 㸪 ᢲ ฟ ࡋ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ᐃ ᖖ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡢ ್ ࢆ ే グ ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ 㸪 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࢆ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ Ỉ ‽ 1㸪 Ỉ ‽ 2 ࡣ ྠ ➼ ࡢ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࡀ ࡞ ࡃ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ࡳ ࡢ Ỉ ‽ 3 ࡣ 㸪ⱝ ᖸ ࡛ ࡣ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ ᐃ ᖖ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡀ 㧗 ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬3.3.3 ࡛ ᚋ ㏙ ࡍ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡛ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡀ 㸪 Ỉ ‽ 1㸪 2 ࡛ ࡣP =0.09 ⛬ ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡢ ᑐ ࡋ 㸪Ỉ ‽ 3 ࡛ ࡣP=0.11 ⛬ ᗘ 㸪ⱝ ᖸ ࡁ ࠸ ࡇ ᑐ ᛂ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬
33
F
Fig. 3-2 Galling generation on inner surface of cup
Fig. 3-3 Effect of each layer of zinc phosphate coating on anti-galling ability 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 530䡚540 530䡚540 550䡚560 䠉
No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4
Critica l cup de pth [ m m] Steady Load [kN]
34 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 Ỉ ‽ 1 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ Ỉ ‽ 5 ࡽ Ỉ ‽ 7 ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪 㝈 ⏺ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࢆ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡛ ᩚ ⌮ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ FFig. 3-4 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡀ ከ ࠸ 㸪 㝈 ⏺ ࢝ ࢵ ࣉ ῝ ࡉ ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ഴ ྥ ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 㸬 㘫 㐀 ୰ ࡢ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡀ 㔠 ᆺ ⢒ ࡉ ࡼ ࡾ ⷧ ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ሙ ྜ 㸪 ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ ࡀ ┤ ᥋ ᥋ ゐ ࡋ ࡚ ↝ ࡁ ⮳ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ➨ 2 ❶ ࡛ ᫂ ࡽ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡀ ከ ࠸ ึ ᮇ ࡢ ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࡀ ཌ ࡃ 㸪 ᚋ ᪉ ᢲ ฟ ࡋ ࡼ ࡿ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡓ ᚋ ࡶ 㸪 ⿕ ⭷ ⭷ ཌ ࢆ ☜ ಖ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 ⪏ ↝ ࡁ ⬟ ඃ ࢀ ࡿ ⤖ ᯝ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬
Fig. 3-4 Effect of coating weight of zinc phosphate on anti-galling ability 40 45 50 55 60 0 5 10 15 20 Critical cup de pth [ m m]
Coating weight of zinc phosphate [g/m2]
䕿䠖㻺㼛㻚㻝㻌
䠉䠖㻺㼛㻚㻡㻌
㽢䠖㻺㼛㻚㻢㻌
35 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ᵓ ᡂ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ᵓ ᡂ ྛ ᒙ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 Ỉ ‽ 1 ࡽ Ỉ ‽ 4 ࡢ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ 㸪 ㍑ ṇ ᭤ ⥺ ࣉ ࣟ ࢵ ࢺ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ FFig. 3-5 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 Ỉ ‽ 1 ࡽ Ỉ ‽ 3 ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ 40 %ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ 60 %ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ 0.01 ⛬ ᗘ ప ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ຍ ᕤ Ⓨ ⇕ ࡼ ࡾ ⿕ ຍ ᕤ ᮦ 㔠 ᆺ 㛫 ࡢ ⏺ 㠃 ᗘ ࡀ ୖ ᪼ ࡋ 㸪 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡀ ప ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ ᗘ ᇦ 㐩 ࡋ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ྛ Ỉ ‽ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ 60 %࡛ ẚ ㍑ ࡍ ࡿ 㸪 Ỉ ‽ 1 ࡢ ㏻ ᖖ ࡢ ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ₶ ⿕ ⭷ 㸪 ࡑ ࡇ ࡽ ᮍ ᛂ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࢆ 㝖 ཤ ࡋ ࡓ Ỉ ‽ 2 ࡣ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘP=0.09 ⛬ ᗘ ࡰ ྠ ➼ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࣜ ࣥ 㓟 ள 㖄 ⿕ ⭷ ࡢ ࡳ ࡢ Ỉ ‽ 3 ࡛ ࡣP=0.11 ⛬ ᗘ 㸪↓ ₶ ࡢ Ỉ ‽ 4 ࡛ ࡣP=0.15 ⛬ ᗘ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ ࡁ ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡽ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ ᢸ ಖ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡣ 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ᮍ ᛂ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࡣ ᦶ ᧿ ≉ ᛶ ࡣ ᐤ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ุ ᩿ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ 㸬
Fig. 3-5 Effect of each layer of zinc phosphate coating in friction test
0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 0 20 40 60 80 Chang e in inner diameter d/d 0 Reduction in height [%] P=0.06 䕿䠖No.1 䕦䠖No.2 䕕䠖No.3 䕺䠖No.4 P=0.07 P=0.08 P=0.09 P=0.10 P=0.11 P=0.12 P=0.13 P=0.14 P=0.15 P=0.20
36 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ⿕ ⭷ 㔜 㔞 ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 Ỉ ‽ 1 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ Ỉ ‽ 5 ࡽ Ỉ ‽ 7 ࡢ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ 㸪 ㍑ ṇ ᭤ ⥺ ࣉ ࣟ ࢵ ࢺ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ FFig. 3-6 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 Fig. 3-5 ྠ ᵝ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ 40 %ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ 60 % ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ 㸪 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ 0.01 ⛬ ᗘ ప ࡗ ࡓ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ 60 %࡛ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࢆ 㸪㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ 㔜 㔞 ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡛ ᩚ ⌮ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ Fig. 3-7 ♧ ࡍ 㸬 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ 㔜 㔞 ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡢ 㛫 㸪 ᫂ ☜ ࡞ ഴ ྥ ࡣ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᅽ ⦰ ⋡ 60 %࡛ ࡢ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡣ 2.5 ⛬ ᗘ 㸪࠶ ࡲ ࡾ ࡁ ࡃ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬ࡇ ࡢ ⛬ ᗘ ࡢ ⾲ 㠃 ✚ ᣑ ẚ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ 㔠 ᒓ ▼ ࡅ ࢇ ࡀ ⷧ ࡃ ࡞ ࡽ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬
Fig. 3-6 Effect of coating weight of zinc phosphate in friction test 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 0 20 40 60 80 Chang e in inner diameter d/d 0 Reduction in height [%] P =0.06 䕿䠖No.1 䠉䠖No.5 㽢䠖No.6 䠇䠖No.7 P =0.07 P =0.08 P =0.09 P =0.10 P =0.11 P =0.12 P =0.13 P =0.14 P =0.15 P =0.20
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![Fig. 2-9 Effect of flow stress of material on extrusion load 01002003004005006007000 10 20 30 40 50Extrusion Load [kN]Stroke [mm] V = 676(ε + 0.0014)0.162V = 589(ε + 0.0049)0.089V = 500](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123deta/10088292.1489322/27.892.233.665.394.708/fig-effect-stress-material-extrusion-extrusion-load-stroke.webp)
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