自然科学班報告 ( 2 )
森林生態系の窒素循環に及ぼす土壌凍結の影響
The e f f e c t o f s o i l 仕 e e z i n g on N c y c l i n g : comparison o f two headwater subcatchments with d i f f e r e n t v e g e t a t i o n and snowpack c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e northern Hokkaido.
S h e i l a F . Christopher
1•2, Hideaki Shibata
1, Megumi Ozawa
1, Yasunori Nakagawa
1and Myron J . Mitche 1 l 3
Climate change models p r e d i c t t h a t t h e snowpacks o f temperate f o r e s t s w i l l d e v e l o p l a t e r and be s h a l l o w e r r e s u l t i n g i n a h i g h e r p r o p e n s i t y f o r s o i l 企 e e z i n g . In t h e n o r t h e r n most i s l a n d o f Japan , Hokkaido , snowpack depth d e c r e a s e s from west t o e a s t . This snowpack depth g r a d i e n t p r o v i d e d a unique o p p o r t u n i t y t o t e s t t h e e f f e c t s o f v a r i a b l e snowpack and s o i l 仕 e e z i n gon N b i o g e o c h e m i s t r y . The Shibecha Northern Catchment i n Shibecha Experimental F o r e s t , e a s t e r n Hokkaido had deciduous t r e e s and a mean annual snowpack o f 0 . 7 m w h i l e t h e M3 catchment i n Uryu Experimental F o r e s t , western Hokkaido had mixed deciduous and c o n i f e r o u s t r e e s p e c i e s and a mean annual snowpack o f 2 . 0 m. We conducted a f i e l d study ( O c t o b e r 200ιApril 2 0 0 5 ) t o determine 正 d i f f e r e n c e s i n Shibecha and Uryu s o i l e x t r a c t a b l e N , N m i n e r a l i z a t i o n , and n i t r i f i c a t i o n were c o n t r o l l e d by t h e v a r i a b i l i t y i n s o i l f r e e z i n g during w i n t e r o r t r e e s p e c i e s c o m p o s i t i o n t h a t a f f e c t e d t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e f o r e s t f l o o r . The mixed d e c i d u o u s and c o n i f e r o u s t r e e s forming t h e Uryu f o r e s t f l o o r had a h i g h e r C:N r a t i o ( 2 5 . 0 v s . 22 . 4 a t S h i b e c h a ) , h i g h e r l i g n i n : N r a t i o ( 1 5 v s . 8 . 8 ) , and h i g h e r l i g n i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ( 0 . 2 8 v s . 0 . 1 8 g l i g n i n g ‑ l ) . These d i f f e r e n c e s i n f o r e s t f l o o r q u a l i t y c o n t r i b u t e d t o h i g h e r n e t N m i n e r a l i z a t i o n and n i t r i 五 c a t i o ni n Shibecha compared t o Uryu. In Shibecha , s o i l remained 企 ozenf o r t h e e n t i r e s t u d y . For Uryu , e x c e p t f o r an e a r l y p e r i o d with c o l d temperatures and no snow , t h e s o i l g e n e r a l l y remained un 仕 o z e n .As a r e s u l t ofthe e a r l y w i n t e r c o l d p e r i o d and s o i l f r e e z i n g , e x t r a c t a b l e s o i l
N H4+d i d n o t change but N0 3 ‑ i n c r e a s e d . R e c i p r o c a l 0‑5 cm mineral s o i l t r a n s p l a n t s made between Shibecha and Uryu and i n c u b a t e d during winter a t 0 , 5 , and 30 cm s u g g e s t e d t h a t s o i l f r e e z i n g r e s u l t e d i n g r e a t e r n e t N m i n e r a l i z a t i o n y e t lower n i t r i f i c a t i o n r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e s o i l o r i g i n . The e f f e c t o f s o i l 仕 e e z i n gs h o u l d be c o n s i d e r e d when e v a l u a t i n g d i f f e r e n c e s i n N dynamics between temperate ecosystems having a p r o p e n s i t y f o r s o i l f r e e z i n g .
16
=
UryuLow官slopeE
三ヨ
UryuUpper slope・
・
・
・
Shib皿haLowerslopeC
ご コ
Sbib同 国Upperslope a ‑ v句必
a u
‑
‑ a u w a喝
・
4
AS U) 田宮 内田 由︒
Mg叩Hh
甲山 曹﹄ 包‑ 一
e ω
。
Dec Feb Marcb Apr
iJF i g . 1 S o i l 仕 e e z i n ga t t h e lower and upper s l o p e o f Uryu and S h i b e c h a . V a l u e s a r e means with b a r s showing t h e range ( N = 5 ) .
1 4
自然科学班報告
(2)b Upp 母 rs l o p e Lo w e r s l o p e
a
1 . 2 1 . 0 0 . 8 0 . 6 0 . 4 0 . 2
SeII i岨Shlh酎~
0 . 0
民
1.28 1 .
0~
M i
ω 運
0.4g
. 圃
0 . 2 3 :
ME 田
z
偽iI加
UryuSOiJ加 Sll.ib~h.
動
iliJlUry・
Ocm
4 2 1 4 1 1 1 0 8 6
‑
・
・
M削除測量側
C
二 二J
1¥白鳥ft'lI
lI Z i 1
tio由鐙~r曜itrlt'k・do・IIMinuali:r.at101l
。
5c 際 量
1 4
E
fb
,
bI I
a u d
申
a
邑守聞 ・ 削
J ・ E
Z 舗 冨
2
s
30cm
1 4
。
1 . 2 1 . 0 0 . 8 0 . 6 0 . 4 0 . 2
書
b
』
bf 1 2
8 6 4 1 0
。 . 0
~~
o ~~
~ç
~<-:~ ~$
~~~ 、‘~
、
、
i
守
可 p 。
Q r
心¢ずや〈ず
、 ' や
~ 2 。
F i g . 2 Mean n e t n i t r i 五 c a t i o nand N m i n e r a l i z a t i o n and n i t r i f i c a t i o n/ m i n e r a l i z a t i o n (+SE o f t h e group means) i n t h e lower s l o p e s ( a ) and upper s l o p e s ( b ) o f Uryu and Shibecha a t 0 , 5 and 30 cm. L e t t e r s that d i f f e r among catchment b u r i a l s i t e s (Uryu , Shibecha i n Uryu , Uryu i n Shibecha and Shibecha) i n d i c a t e s i g n i f i . cant d i f f e r e n c e s a t t h e 0 . 0 5 l e v e l s .
C h r i s t o p h e r , S . F . , S h i b a t a , H . , Ozawa , M . , Nakagawa , Y . and M i t c h e l l , M . J . ( 2 0 0 8 ) The e f f e c t o f s o i l
企