総 説㩷
抗ウイルス剤の創製を目指した新規炭素環ヌクレオシド類の合成 㩷
㩷
ᾢᧄᶈ᮸㩷
ᤘᄢቇ⮎ቇㇱ⮎ຠㅧൻቇᢎቶ㩷
㩷
ⷐ ᣦ㩷
᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬߩഃࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡᣂⷙ⚛Ⅳࠢࠝࠪ࠼ࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒ㧘ߘߩวᚑ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞ ߚ㧚㪋㶅㪄ୃ㘼ဳ 㫅㪼㫇㫃㪸㫅㫆㪺㫀㫅㧭㩿㪋㪀ߩวᚑߦߪࠫࠞ࡞ᔕࠍ↪ߔࠆ⣕⎫⊛ࠬ࠲࠾࡞ൻࠍ㧘㪋㶅㪄⚛
⟎឵㪙㪚㪘㩿㪌㪀ߩวᚑߦߪ㪪㪟㶅ဳߩࠫࠞ࡞㐽Ⅳᔕࠍߘࠇߙࠇ㎛Ბ㓏ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ᮡ⊛
ൻว‛ࠍല₸⊛ߦวᚑߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࠫࡈࡠࡠ⚛Ⅳ 㪜㪻㪋㪫 ⺃ዉ㩿㪎㪀ߩวᚑߦ߅ߡߪ⟎ㆬᛯ⊛
ߥ࠴ࡒࡦႮၮߩዉߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚㩷 㩷
㪢㪼㫐㩷㪮㫆㫉㪻㫊㧦⚛Ⅳࠢࠝࠪ࠼㧘ࡀࡊࡁࠪࡦ㧭㧘㪋㶅㪄⟎឵ࠢࠝࠪ࠼㧘㪋㶅㧙ࠛ࠴࠾࡞㪻㪋㪫㩷
㩷
✜ ⸒
ࠢࠝࠪ࠼ߪ㧘㪛㪥㪘 ߿㪩㪥㪘ߩ᭴ᚑᚑಽߣߒߡ ߩᓎഀߩߺߥࠄߕ㧘㪘㪫㪧ߦઍߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦࠛࡀ࡞
ࠡઍ⻢ߦ㑐ਈߔࠆ߽ߩ߆ࠄ㧘㪬㪛㪧㪄㪞㫃㫌㪄㧺㪄㪘㪺ߩࠃ ߁ߦࡃࠢ࠹ࠕ⚦⢩ოߩ↢วᚑߦ㑐ࠊࠆ߽ߩ߹ߢߘ ߩᯏ⢻ߪᄙ⒳ᄙ᭽ߢࠅ㧘ක⮎ຠࠍഃߔࠆߚߩ
ᩰᅢߩࡕ࠴ࡈߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ታ㧘ᣣ߹ߢߦว ᚑߐࠇߚᢙᄙߊߩୃ㘼ࠢࠝࠪ࠼ߩਛ߆ࠄ㧘᛫ᖡ ᕈ⣲≌⮎㧘᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ⮎㧘∉ᛥ⮎ߥߤߩක⮎ຠ
߇ߦㅍࠅߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚㩷
⚛Ⅳࠢࠝࠪ࠼ߣߪ㧘ᄤὼߦሽߔࠆࠢ
ࠝࠪ࠼ߩࡈࡁࠬⅣౝ㉄⚛ේሶࠍࡔ࠴ࡦ㧔㪚㪟㪉㧕 ߢ⟎឵ߒߚ⺃ዉߩ✚⒓ߢࠅ㧘ࠕ࠲࡞᭴ㅧࠍ
ߔࠆᄤὼဳࠢࠝࠪ࠼ߩൻቇ⊛߅ࠃ߮↢‛ቇ⊛
ቯ╬ଔߣߒߡ⣉శࠍᶎ߮ߡࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⚛
Ⅳ ࠢ ࠝ ࠪ ࠼ ߩ ਛ ߦ ߪ 㪺㪸㫉㪹㫆㫍㫀㫉㩿㪈㪀㪈㪀 ߿
㫅㪼㫇㫃㪸㫅㫆㪺㫀㫅㪘㩿㪉㪀㪉㪀ߩࠃ߁ߦᒝജߥ᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ↪ࠍ␜
ߔ߽ߩ߇ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘㪈ߩࡊࡠ࠼࠶ࠣߢࠆ 㪸㪹㪸㪺㪸㫍㫀㫉㩿㪊㪀㪊㪀ߪ᛫㪟㪠㪭ߣߒߡ⥃ᐥߩ႐ߢ↪
ߐࠇߡࠆ㧔㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪈㧕㧚㩷
⪺⠪ࠄߪㄭᐕ㧘วᚑൻቇ⊛߅ࠃ߮ක⮎ຠൻቇ⊛ߥ
⥝߆ࠄ⚛Ⅳࠢࠝࠪ࠼ߩวᚑ⎇ⓥࠍ⛯ߌߡ߈ ߚ㧚ᧄⓂߢߪએਅߦ␜ߔᣂⷙ⚛Ⅳࠢࠝࠪ࠼㘃 㧔㪋㪄㪎㧕ߩวᚑߦߟߡ㗅ᰴ⚫ߐߖߡߚߛߊ㧚㩷
㩷
HO N
N
N N R
NH
21 R = OH (carbovir) 3 R = NHC3
H
5(abacavir)
N N N
N NH
2HO
OH HO
2 (neplanocin A)
N N N
N NH
2R OH HO
N N N
N NH
2OH HO
R
HO R
N NH O
O Me
HO NH
N O
O Me
F F
4 R = halogen orcarbon-substituents
5 R = carbon-substituents6 R = ethynyl, cyano 7 Figure 1. Structures of compounds 1-7.
1' 3' 2'
4' 5' 6'
4' 1'
2' 3' 4'5'
5'' 4''
1' 2' 3'
4' 1'
2' 3' 4' 5'
㩷
O S Me
O
2C NH
32
HO OH
N N N
N NH
28 (AdoMet)
O S O
2C
NH
32
HO OH
N N N
N NH
29 (AdoHcy)
NH N N
N O
NH
2mRNA
NH N N
N O
NH
2mRNA
Me methyltransferase
L -homocysteine + adenosine
SAHase
negative feedback
Scheme 1
㩷㩷
㧝㧚⣕⎫⊛ࠬ࠲࠾࡞ൻࠍ㎛ᔕߣߔࠆᣂⷙ㪋㶅㪄ୃ㘼
ဳ㫅㪼㫇㫃㪸㫅㫆㪺㫀㫅㧭ߩวᚑ㪋㪀㩷
⌀ᩭ↢‛ߩ㫄㪩㪥㪘ߪߘߩᚑᾫㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߡ㧘㫄㪩㪥㪘
ࠠࡖ࠶ࡊㇱࠣࠕ࠾ࡦႮၮ㧺㪎߅ࠃ߮㪉⇟⋡ߩࠢ
ࠝ࠴࠼ߩ♧ㇱ㪉㶅᳓㉄ၮ߇ࡔ࠴࡞ൻࠍฃߌࠆ㧚㩷
㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㪈㪌㪃㪍㪀ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘↢ౝߦ߅ߌࠆࡔ࠴࡞
ൻߪਥߦࠕ࠺ࡁࠪ࡞ࡔ࠴ࠝ࠾ࡦ㧔㪏㪃㩷㪘㪻㫆㪤㪼㫋㧕ࠍࡔ࠴
࡞ଏਈߣߔࠆ⒳ޘߩ㉂⚛ᔕߦࠃߞߡⴕࠊࠇࠆ㧚 ߎߩᔕߢ↢ߔࠆ㧿㪄ࠕ࠺ࡁࠪ࡞㪄㪣㪄ࡎࡕࠪࠬ࠹ࠗ
ࡦ㧔㪐㪃㩷㪘㪻㫆㪟㪺㫐㧕ߪ㧘ࡔ࠴࡞ൻ㉂⚛ߦኻߔࠆࡈࠖ࠼
ࡃ࠶ࠢ㒖ኂ㪎㪀ߣߒߡߊ߇㧘㧿㪄ࠕ࠺ࡁࠪ࡞㪄㧸㪄ࡎ ࡕࠪࠬ࠹ࠗࡦട᳓ಽ⸃㉂⚛㧔㪪㪘㪟㪸㫊㪼㧕㪎㪃㪏㪀ߦࠃߞߡㅦ
߿߆ߦઍ⻢ߐࠇࠆߎߣߢࡔ࠴࡞ൻߩᱜᏱߥࡌ࡞ࠍ
⛽ᜬߒߡࠆ㧚㩷 㩷
N N N
N NH
2Bu
3Sn
OPg PgO
Bu
3Sn
OPg PgO
OH PhS(O)
nOPg PgO
OH
A
B C n = 0 or 2
4
Pg = protecting group
Scheme 2. Synthetic plan.
㩷㩷
ߎߩࠃ߁ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧘࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ↱᧪ߩ 㪪㪘㪟㪸㫊㪼 ࠍ
․⇣⊛ߦ㒖ኂߔࠆ‛⾰ߩ㐿⊒ߪ᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬൻቇ≮ᴺ ߦ߅ߌࠆᣂߒᚢ⇛ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡᦼᓙߐࠇߡࠆ㧚
㪐㪃㪈㪇㪀ࠢࠝࠪ࠼♽᛫↢‛⾰ߢࠆࡀࡊࡁࠪࡦ㧭
㧔㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㪈㧘㪉㧕㪉㪀ߪ㪪㪘㪟㪸㫊㪼ߦኻߔࠆᒝജߥ㒖ኂ↪ࠍ
ߔࠆ߇㧘หᤨߦᒝ⚦⢩Ქᕈࠍ␜ߔ㧚ᧄൻว‛ߩ
⚦⢩Ქᕈߪ㪍㶅৻⚖᳓㉄ၮߩࡦ㉄ൻߦ࿃ߔࠆ ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘Ქᕈߩシᷫࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ⒳ޘߩ ൻቇᄌ឵߅ࠃ߮⺃ዉߩวᚑ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚㪈㪈㪄㪈㪋㧕 ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⢛᥊߆ࠄ⪺⠪ࠄߪ㧘㪍㶅᳓㉄ၮࠍᰳߊᣂ ⷙ㪋㶅㪄ୃ㘼ဳࡀࡊࡁࠪࡦ㧭⺃ዉ㩿㪋㪀ࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒ ߘߩวᚑߦ⌕ᚻߒߚ㧚㩷
ᮡ⊛ൻว‛ߩวᚑ⸘↹ࠍ 㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㩷 㪉ߦ␜ߔ㧚ฦ⒳
㪋㶅㪄ୃ㘼ဳ⺃ዉ㪋ߪ㧘ࡆ࠾࡞ࠬ࠲࠽ࡦ㧭ࠍㅢߩਛ 㑆ߣߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅวᚑߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ߚ㧚วᚑਛ 㑆㧭ߪ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡞㧮ߦኻߔࠆ 㪪㪥㪉⊛ߥࠕ
࠺࠾ࡦႮၮߩዉߦࠃࠅ⺞ߔࠆߎߣߦߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘 㧮ߩࡆ࠾࡞ࠬ࠲࠽ࡦߩ᭴▽ߦߪࠫࠞ࡞೨㚟㧯ߦ ኻߔࠆ⣕⎫⊛ࠬ࠲࠾࡞ൻᔕ㪈㪌㪄㪉㪍㧕ࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆ⸘↹ࠍ
┙ߡߚ㧚㩷
ࠫࠞ࡞೨㚟㧯ߩวᚑࠍ⹜ߺߚ㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㩷㪊㧕㧚ኈ ᤃߦᚻน⢻ߥࡔ࠴࡞㪄ǩ㪄㧰㪄ࡑࡦࡁࡇࡁࠪ࠼㧔㪈㪇㧕 ࠍ⊒ේᢱߣߒߡ↪㧘৻⚖㵨᳓㉄ၮߩ࡛࠙⚛ൻߣࠪ
ࠬࠫࠝ࡞ߩࠕ࠲࡞ൻࠍ⚻ߡ㪈㪈ߣߒߚ㧚㪉㪎㧕ᵴᕈ ൻ㋦ᧃࠍ↪ࠆ⣕㔌ߦࠃࠅ㪉㪏㧕ࡋࡒࠕ࠲࡞㪈㪉㪉㪐㧕 ߣߒߚᓟ㧘㪮㫀㫋㫋㫀㪾 ᔕߦࠃࠅ㪈㪃㪍㪄ࠫࠛࡦ㪈㪊߳ᄌ឵ߒ
ߚ㧚㪞㫉㫌㪹㪹㫊╙৻ઍ⸅ᇦࠍ↪ࠆ㪈㪊ߩ㐽Ⅳࡔ࠲ࠪ
ࠬߪല₸⊛ߦㅴⴕߒ㧘↢ᚑߒߚࠕ࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ㩷㩷
࡞ߩ 㪧㪛㪚 ㉄ൻࠍ⚻ߡࠪࠢࡠࡍࡦ࠹ࡁࡦ㪈㪋㪊㪇㪄㪊㪊㧕ࠍᓧ ߚ㧚ൻว‛㪈㪋ߦኻߔࠆ࠴ࠝࡈࠚࡁ࡞ߩ㪈㪃㪋㪄ઃട߅
ࠃ߮㪥㪚㪪ࠍ↪ࠆ㪧㫌㫄㫄㪼㫉㪼㫉ဳߩ㉄ൻᔕ㪊㪋㧕ߦࠃࠅ
㪈㪍ߣߒߚᓟ㧘㪣㫌㪺㪿㪼ㆶర㪊㪌㧕ߦࠃࠅࡆ࠾࡞ࠬ࡞ࡈࠖ࠼
㪈㪎ࠍ㧘߹ߚ⎫㤛ේሶߩ㨙㪄㪚㪧㪙㪘㉄ൻߦࠃߞߡࡆ࠾࡞
ࠬ࡞ࡎࡦ㪈㪏ࠍߘࠇߙࠇวᚑߒߚ㧚㩷
O O
OH
i, ii) iii)
v, vi)
10 11 12
Scheme 3. Preparation of 17 and 18. i) I
2, Ph
3P, imidazole, THF, reflux; ii) 2,2-dimethoxypropane, TsOH, acetone, rt, (93% from 10); iii) Zn powder, EtOH, H
2O, 100
oC, (93%); iv) Ph
3PCH
3Br, NaH, DMSO, THF, reflux; v) Grubbs
1st, CH
2Cl
2, rt; vi) PDC, CH
2Cl
2, (72% from 13); vii) PhSH, Et
3N, CH
2Cl
2, rt, (81%); viii) NCS,CH
2Cl
2, rt, (94%); ix) NaBH
4, CeCl
3.7H
2O, NeOH, 40
oC, (99%); x) m-CPBA, CH
2Cl
2, rt, (100%).
O O
O
14 O
O O
15 PhS
O O
O
16 PhS
O O PhS
OH
O O
O O HO
O O MeO
OH I MeO O
OH OH
HO HO
O O PhO
2S
OH iv)
13 vii)
viii)
17 18
ix) x)
㩷
ൻว‛㪈㪎߅ࠃ߮㪈㪏ߩࠫࠞ࡞ᔕߦࠃࠆ⣕⎫⊛ࠬ
࠲࠾࡞ൻߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧔㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㪈㧕㧚㪈㪌㪄㪉㪍㪀ࡆ࠾࡞ࠬ
࡞ࡈࠖ࠼㪈㪎ࠍࡌࡦࡦਛ㨕㪄㪧㫉㪉㪥㪜㫋߅ࠃ߮㪉㪃㪉㶅㪄ࠕ࠱
ࡆࠬࠗ࠰ࡉ࠴ࡠ࠾࠻࡞㧔㪘㪠㪙㪥㧕ሽਅ࠻ࡉ࠴࡞
࠴ࡦࡅ࠼࠼㧔㪙㫌㪊㪪㫅㪟㧕ߣᔕߐߖߚ߇㧘⋡⊛ߣߔ ࠆࠬ࠲࠾࡞㪈㪐ߩ₸ߪࠊߕ߆㪋㧑ߦߣߤ߹ߞߚ 㧔㪼㫅㫋㫉㫐㩷㪈㧕㧚৻ᣇ㧘ࡆ࠾࡞ࠬ࡞ࡎࡦ㪈㪏ࠍၮ⾰ߣߒߡ↪
ห᭽ߩᔕࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘㪈㪐ߩ₸߇㪌㪉㧑ߦᡷ ༀߐࠇߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡞ࠍ㫋㪼㫉㫋㪄ࡉ࠴࡞ࠫ
ࡔ࠴࡞ࠪ࡞㧔㪫㪙㪛㪤㪪㧕ၮߢ⼔ߒߚ㪉㪇ࠍၮ⾰ߣߒ ߡ↪ߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ኻᔕߔࠆࠬ࠲࠾࡞㪉㪈ߩ₸ߪ 㪎㪐㧑ߦ߹ߢะߒ㧘ᦨ⚳⊛ߦߪࡌࡦ࠱ࠗ࡞㧔㪙㫑㧕ၮ ߢ⼔ߒߚ㪉㪉ࠍ↪ࠆߎߣߢ㧘⋡⊛ߣߔࠆࠬ࠲࠾࡞
㪉㪊ࠍ㪐㪋㧑ߩ₸ߢวᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚ᧄࠬ࠲
࠾࡞ൻᔕߦ߅ߡⷰኤߐࠇߚ₸ߩᄌേߣၮ⾰ߩ
᭴ㅧߣߩ㑐ㅪߦߟߡߪ㧘⎇ⓥਛߢࠆ㧚㩷 వߦᓧࠄࠇߚ㪉㪊ߩࡌࡦ࠱ࠗ࡞ၮࠍ㒰ߒߡ㪈㪐ߣߒ ߚᓟ㧘㪤㫀㫋㫊㫌㫅㫆㪹㫌 ᔕ㪊㪍㧕ߦࠃࠆࡊࡦႮၮߩዉࠍ
⹜ߺߚ㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㩷㪋㧕㧚᳞ᩭ⹜⮎ߣߒߡ㪍㪄ࠢࡠࡠࡊࡦ ࠍ↪ߚߣߎࠈ㧘⟎ㆬᛯ⊛ߥ⟎឵ᔕ߇ㅴⴕߒ㧘 㪉㪋ࠍ⦟ᅢߥ₸ߢਈ߃ߚ㧚ࡔ࠲ࡁ࡞ᕈࠕࡦࡕ࠾ࠕ
㧔㪥㪟㪊㪆㪤㪼㪦㪟㧕ߦࠃࠆ㪉㪋ߩടࠕࡦࡕ࠾ࠕಽ⸃ߦࠃࠅ㧘ᮡ
⊛ൻว‛㪋ߩㅢวᚑਛ㑆ߢࠆ㪉㪌߳ᄌ឵ߒߚ㧚㪊㪎㪃㩷㪊㪏㧕㩷
O O PhO
nS
OR O
O Bu
3Sn
OR
17 n = 0, R = H 18 n = 2, R = H 20 n = 2, R = TBDMS 22 n = 2, R = Bz
19 R = H 21 R = TBDMS 23 R = Bz Bu
3SnH (3 equiv)
AIBN (0.5 equiv) i-Pr
2NEt (3 equiv) benzene, reflux 4h
Table 1. Radical-mediated stannylation of 17-22
entry substrate yield (%) of stannane recovery (%) 1
2 3 4
17 18 20 22
4 (19) 52 (19) 79 (21)
a)94 (23)
a)94 (17) 32 (18) 21 (20)
a)6 (22)
a)a)
Calculated by
1H NMR spectroscopy.
㩷
N N N
N X
O O
Bu
3Sn 6-chloropurine
DIAD, PPh
319 THF
24 X = Cl (80%) 25 X = NH
2(87%) NH
3/MeOH
Scheme 4. Introduction of purine base to 19.
㩷 㩷ൻว‛㪉㪌ߩ㪋㶅ࠬ࠲࠾࡞ၮߩᄌ឵ߦࠃࠆฦ⒳㪋㶅
ୃ㘼ဳࡀࡊࡁࠪࡦ㧭ߩวᚑࠍ⹜ߺߚ㧔㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㪉㧕㧚㪫㪟㪝 ਛ࡛࠙⚛ߣᔕߐߖߚߣߎࠈ㧘ቯ㊂⊛ߥ₸ߢ㪋㶅㪄
࡛࠼㪉㪍ࠍਈ߃ߚ㧔㪼㫅㫋㫉㫐㪈㧕㧚ห᭽ߦ㪥㪙㪪߅ࠃ߮㪥㪚㪪 ࠍ↪ࠆࡂࡠࠥࡦൻߦࠃࠅਛ⒟ᐲߩ₸ߢ㪋㶅㪄ࡉࡠ ࡓ㪉㪎߅ࠃ߮ࠢࡠ࡞㪉㪏ࠍᓧߚ㧔㪼㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㪉㪸㫅㪻㪊㧕㧚ࡄ
ࠫ࠙ࡓ⸅ᇦࠍ↪ࠆ࡛࠼ࡌࡦࡦߣߩ㪪㫋㫀㫃㫃㪼ᔕ㪊㪐㧕 ࠍ ㆡ ↪ ߒ ߚ ߣ ߎ ࠈ㪋㶅㪄ࡈ ࠚ ࠾ ࡞ 㪉㪐߇ ᓧ ࠄ ࠇ ߚ 㧔㪼㫅㫋㫉㫐㪋㧕㧚߹ߚ㪋㶅㪄࡛࠼㪉㪍ࠍၮ⾰ߣߔࠆ 㪪㫋㫀㫃㫃㪼 ᔕߦࠃࠅ㧘㪋㶅ߦࠛ࠴࠾࡞ၮࠍߔࠆ㪊㪇߅ࠃ߮㪊㪈ࠍ ߘࠇߙࠇ㜞₸ߢวᚑߒߚ㧔㪼㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㩷㪌㪸㫅㪻㩷㪍㧕㧚߹ߚ㪉㪍 ߩࠪࠕࡁൻߦߟߡ⒳ޘߩ᧦ઙਅߢ⹜ߺߚ⚿ᨐ㧘 㪼㫅㫋㫉㫐㩷㪐ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㪉ଔࡄࠫ࠙ࡓ⸅ᇦሽਅߢൻቇ
㊂⺰㊂ߩ࡛࠙ൻ㌃߅ࠃ߮࠻ࡉ࠴࡞࠴ࡦࠪࠕ࠾࠼
㧔㪙㫌㪊㪪㫅㪚㪥㧕ߣᔕߐߖࠆߎߣߢ㪋㶅㪄ࠪࠕࡁ㪊㪉ࠍ⦟
ᅢߥ₸ߢᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚㪋㪇㪀㩷
એㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘⪺⠪ࠄߪᣂⷙ㪋㶅ୃ㘼ဳࡀࡊ
ࡁࠪࡦ㧭ߩวᚑߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚ࠫࠞ࡞ᔕߦ ࠃࠆ⣕⎫⊛ࠬ࠲࠾࡞ൻࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ࡂࡠ
ࠥࡦൻߩߺߥࠄߕ⚛㪄⚛⚿วᒻᚑᔕߦ߽↪
ߥࡆ࠾࡞ࠬ࠲࠽ࡦ㪈㪐ࠍല₸⊛ߦ⺞ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘㪋㶅ߩࠬ࠲࠾࡞ၮߩᄌ឵ߦࠃࠅฦ⒳㪋㶅ୃ㩷
25 R = SnBu
326 R = I 27 R = Br 28 R = Cl 29 R = Ph 30 R = 31 R = 32 R = CN Table 2. Conversion of SnBu
3group of 25
N N N
N NH
2O O
R
entry substrate condition products (% yield by isolation) 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26
I
2/ THF, rt NBS / THF, rt NCS / THF, rt
PhI, (PPh
3)
2PdCl
2, CuI / DMF, 120
oC , Pd(PPh
3)
4, CuI / THF, rt , Pd(PPh
3)
4, CuI / THF, rt Bu
3SnCN, Pd(PPh
3)
4, CuI / DMF, 120
oC Bu
3SnCN, Pd(PPh
3)
4/ dioxane, 90
oC Bu
3SnCN, (PPh
3)
2PdCl
2, CuI / DMF, 120
oC
Bu
3SnC CH Bu
3SnC CMe
26 (100) 27 (67) 28 (49) 29 (51) 30 (83) 31 (100) 32 (9), 25 (11) 32 (25), 25 (20) 32 (73) C CH
C CMe
4a R = I 4b R = Br 4c R = Cl 4d R = Ph 4e R = 4f R = 4g R = CN N
N N
N NH
2HO OH
R C CH
C CMe
㩷 㩷
㘼ဳ⺃ዉߩวᚑߦᚑഞߒߚ㧚ᓧࠄࠇߚ㪉㪍㪄㪊㪉ࠍ⣕
⼔ߒߡ㪋㨍㪄㪋㨓ߣߒߚᓟ㧘᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬᵴᕈߩࠬࠢ
࠾ࡦࠣߦଏߒߚ߇㗼⪺ߥᵴᕈࠍ␜ߔൻว‛ߪߐ ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚㩷
㩷
㧞㧚㩷㪪㪟㶅ဳߩࠫࠞ࡞㐽Ⅳᔕࠍ㎛Ბ㓏ߣߔࠆ㪋㶅㪄
⚛⟎឵ࡆࠬ㧔ࡅ࠼ࡠࠠࠪࡔ࠴࡞㧕ࠪࠢࡠࡍࡦ
࠹࠾࡞ࠕ࠺࠾ࡦ㧔㪙㪚㪘㧕ߩวᚑ㪋㪈㧕㩷
ࠞ࡞ࡏࡆ࡞㧔㪈㪃㩷 㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷 㪈㧕㪈㪀ߦᒝജߥ᛫㪟㪠㪭ᵴᕈ߇
ߐࠇߚߩࠍᯏߦ㧘⚛Ⅳࠢࠝࠪ࠼㘃ߩวᚑ⎇
ⓥ߇⋓ࠎߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߡࠆ㧚ࡆࠬ㧔ࡅ࠼ࡠࠠࠪࡔ࠴
࡞㧕ࠪࠢࡠࡍࡦ࠹࠾࡞ࠕ࠺࠾ࡦ㧔㪙㪚㪘㧘㩷 㪊㪊㪃㩷㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪉㪀㪋㪉㪀 ߪ㧘㪢㪸㫋㪸㪾㫀㫉㫀ࠄߦࠃߞߡࡒߣߒߡวᚑߐࠇߚ᛫
㪟㪠㪭ᵴᕈൻว‛ߢࠆ㧚ᓟߩ⎇ⓥߦࠃࠅ㧔㧙㧕㪄ߩ ߺ߇ᒝ᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ↪ࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇ߐࠇ㧘㪋㪊㧕
ઁߩࠣ࡞ࡊߦࠃߞߡߘߩਇᢧวᚑ߽㆐ᚑߐࠇߡ
ࠆ㧚㪋㪋㪃㩷 㪋㪌㧕ᧄൻว‛ߪ㧘᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ↪ࠍ␜ߔ⚛Ⅳ
ࠝࠠ࠲ࡁࠪࡦ㧔㪚㪦㪯㪫㧘㪊㪋㧕㪋㪍㪃㩷㪋㪎㪀ߣ㪈ߣߩࡂࠗࡉ࠶
࠼ߣߒߡ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ㧘ߘߩ࡙࠾ࠢߥ᭴ㅧ ߪวᚑൻቇ⊛ߦ߽⥝ࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ߇㧘㪙㪚㪘 ⺃ዉ
ߩวᚑߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ߪ⊝ήߢࠆ㧚㩷
৻ᣇ㧘ᄤὼߦሽߔࠆࠢࠝࠪ࠼ߩ♧ㇱ㪋㶅ߦ
ࠛ࠴࠾࡞ၮ㧘ࠪࠕࡁၮߥߤߩ⚛ቭ⢻ၮࠍߔࠆ⺃
ዉ㧔㪊㪌㪃㩷 㪊㪍㧕㪋㪏㪄㪌㪇㧕߇㧘㪊㶅᳓㉄ၮࠍߒߡߥ߇ ࠄᒝജߥ᛫ 㪟㪠㪭 ᵴᕈࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡࠆ㧚 ߎࠇࠄߩ⍮ࠍၮߦ⪺⠪ࠄߪ㧘ࠢࠝࠪ࠼ߩ㪋㶅 ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ⟎ߦ⚛ቭ⢻ၮࠍߔࠆ㪙㪚㪘⺃ዉ㩷
㩷
N N N
N NH
2HO
OH 34 (COXT) O Base
HO
HO R
N N N
N NH
2HO
OH 33 (BCA)
35 Base = Thy, R = CN 36 Base = Cyt, R = ethynyl
4' 4' 1'
2' 3'
5'
Figure 2. Structures of compounds 33-36.
㩷 㩷㧔㪌㧘㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪈㧕ࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒ㧘ߘߩวᚑߦ⌕ᚻߒߚ㧚㩷
ᮡ⊛ൻว‛㪌ߩㅒวᚑ⚻〝ࠍ 㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㩷 㪌ߦ␜ߔ㧚ᧄ ൻว‛ߩวᚑߦ߅ߡᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥὐߪ㧘ᓟߦ㪈㶅㧘 㪌㶅߅ࠃ߮㪋㶅ߣߥࠆㇱߩ┙ൻቇߩᓮߢ
ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߦߪ㧘ࡆࠪࠢࡠ㨇㪊㪅㪊㪅㪇㨉ࠢ࠻
ࡦ㛽ᩰߩ᭴▽㧔㪠㪠㪠ߩวᚑ㧕߇ᔅⷐߢࠅ㧘ᣢ⍮ൻว
‛㪊㪎߆ࠄᄌ឵น⢻ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆࠫࠞ࡞೨㚟 㪠㪭 ߦ 㪪㪟㶅ဳߩࠫࠞ࡞㐽Ⅳᔕࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⸘↹ߒ ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘㪠㪠߳ߪࡆࠪࠢࡠࠢ࠻ࡦ㪠㪠㪠ߩ㉄ൻߦࠃߞ ߡ㧘㧵߳ߪࠕ࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡞ 㪠㪠ߦኻߔࠆ 㪪㪥㪉⊛ߥࠕ
࠺࠾ࡦႮၮߩዉߦࠃߞߡ⺃ዉߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ߚ㧚
ㅢߩਛ㑆ߢࠆ㧵ߩࠢ࠻ࡦㇱಽࠍᄌ឵ߔࠆߎߣ ߦࠃࠅ㧘⋡⊛ߣߔࠆฦ⒳㪋㶅㪄⟎឵㪌ࠍวᚑߔࠆߎߣ ߇น⢻ߢࠆ㧚㩷
N N N
N NH
2O O 5
PgO
O O
PgO
OH O
O PgO
O O PgO
SePh
S(O)
nPh OTBDPS
O MeO
2C
I
II III
IV
conversion of the lactone function
radical 5-exo-trig cyclization
Scheme 5. Retrosynthesis of 5
37 Pg = protecting group
㩷 㩷
ࠫࠞ࡞೨㚟㪠㪭ߩ⺞ࠍ⹜ߺߚ㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㩷 㪍㧕㧚
ࠪࠢࡠࡍࡦ࠹ࡁࡦ㪊㪎㪌㪈㧕ߦኻߒߡ㪧㪿㪪㪟ࠍ㪈㪃㪋ઃടߐߖ 㪊㪏ߣߒߚᓟ㧘ࠤ࠻ࡦߩㆶర㧘↢ᚑߒߚੑ⚖ࠕ࡞ࠦ
࡞ߩ࠻ࡈ࡞ൻ߅ࠃ߮㪛㪙㪥ߦࠃࠆǪ㪄⣕㔌ࠍ⚻ߡ ࠕ࡞ࠬ࡞ࡈࠖ࠼㪊㪐߳⺃ዉߒߚ㧚ߐࠄߦࠛࠬ࠹࡞ߩ ߌࠎൻ߅ࠃ߮ࡁࡔ࠴࡞ൻ㪌㪉㧕ࠍ⚻ߡ㪋㪈ࠍᓧߚ㧚߹
ߚ㪊㪐ࠍ㨙㪄㪚㪧㪙㪘 ㉄ൻߒߡࠕ࡞ࠬ࡞ࡎࡦ㪋㪇ߣߒߚ ᓟ㧘ห᭽ߩᚻᴺߦࠃࠅ㪋㪉߳ᄌ឵ߒߚ㧚㩷
⸥ߩᣇᴺߢ⺞ߒߚ㪉⒳ߩࠫࠞ࡞೨㚟㧔㪋㪈㪃㩷
㪋㪉㧕ࠍ↪ߡ㧘㪪㪟㶅ဳߩࠫࠞ࡞㐽Ⅳᔕࠍⴕߞߚ
㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㩷㪎㧕㧚ࠕ࡞ࠬ࡞ࡈࠖ࠼㪋㪈ࠍ࠻࡞ࠛࡦਛ㪘㪠㪙㪥 ߅ࠃ߮㨕㪄㪧㫉㪉㪥㪜㫋ߩሽਅߦ㪙㫌㪊㪪㫅㪟ߣടᾲㆶᵹߐߖ ߚߣߎࠈ㧘ᦼᓙߒߚ㪌㪄㪼㫏㫆㪄㫋㫉㫀㪾 ᭽ᑼߩ㐽Ⅳᔕߣᒁ ߈⛯ߊ࠴ࠗ࡞ࠫࠞ࡞ߩ⣕㔌߇ㅴⴕߒ㧘⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ ࡆࠪࠢࡠ㨇㪊㪅㪊㪅㪇㨉ࠢ࠻ࡦ㪋㪊ࠍ㪍㪈㧑ߩ₸ߢᓧࠆߎ ߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄᧄᔕߦ߅ߡߪ㧘ㆶర
㪋㪋㧔㪌㧑㧕߅ࠃ߮㪋㪌㧔㪈㪏㧑㧕ߩ↢߇ࠄࠇߚ㧚
৻ᣇ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠬ࡞ࡎࡦ㪋㪉ࠍၮ⾰ߣߒߡ↪ห᭽ߩ
ᔕࠍⴕߞߚ႐วߦߪ㧘㪋㪊ߩ₸ߪ㪐㪋㧑ߦ߹ߢะߒ㧘 ㆶరߩ↢ߪోߊࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚㩷
⪺⠪ࠄߪ⸥ࠫࠞ࡞㐽Ⅳᔕߦ߅ߌࠆ⚿ᨐߩᏅ
⇣ߦߟߡ⠨ኤߔߴߊ㧘એਅߩࡕ࠺࡞ታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚
ࠫࠞ࡞⊒↢Ḯߢࠆ㪧㪿㪪㪼ၮࠍᰳߊ㪊㪐߅ࠃ߮㪋㪇ࠍ㧘 ߘࠇߙࠇవߣห᭽ߩ᧦ઙਅߢࠫࠞ࡞ᔕߦઃߒߚ㩷
TBDPSO
MeO
2C
S(O)
nPh TBDPSO S(O)
nPh
O O SePh
39 n = 0 40 n = 2
O OTBDPS
MeO
2C
38SPh
a b, c, d
f, g
e
41 n = 042 n = 2 Scheme 6, Reagents and conditions; a) PhSH, Et3
N, CH
2Cl
2, b) NaBH
4, MeOH, c) Tf
2O, pyridine, CH
2Cl
2, d) DBN, MeCN (87% from
37), e)m-CPBA, CH2Cl
2(96%), f), KOH, MeOH, H
2O , g) PhSeCH
2Cl, NaI, i-Pr
2NEt, DME (68% for 41, 81% for 42).
37
㩷 㩷
O O
OTBDPS
O O
OTBDPS OTBDPS
MeO
2C
+ +
43 44
41 or 42
Scheme 7. Radical reaction of 41 and 42 Bu
3SnH, AIBN
i-Pr
2NEt toluene, reflux
45
㩷 㩷㩿㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㩷㪏㪃㩷㪼㫈㪅㩷㪈㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪼㫈㪅㩷㪉㪀㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠬ࡞ࡈ
ࠖ࠼㪊㪐ࠍၮ⾰ߣߒߚ႐วߦߪㆶర㪋㪌㧔㪈㪌㧑㧕߇↢
ᚑߒߚߩߦኻߒߡ㧘ࠬ࡞ࡎࡦ㪋㪇ߪᧂᔕߩ߹߹ቯ㊂
⊛ߦ࿁ߐࠇߚ㧚ߎߩታߪ㧘㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㩷 㪎ߩᔕߦ߅
ߡ߽㪋㪈ߩ㪧㪿㪪ၮߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥㆶర߇૬⊒ߒߡࠆߎ ߣࠍᒝߊ␜ໂߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚㩷
ࠕ࡞ࠬ࡞ࡈࠖ࠼㪊㪐߿㪋㪈ߢߪ㧘㐽Ⅳᔕߩㅴⴕߦ
㪧㪿㪪㪟 ߇↢ᚑߔࠆ㧚৻⥸⊛ߦ㪧㪿㪪㪟 ߪ⚛ࠫ
ࠞ࡞ߦኻߔࠆᒝജߥ᳓⚛ଏਈḮߣߒߡߊߎߣ߇⍮
ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘㪌㪊㪃㪌㪋㧕ߎࠇ߇ㆶర↢ߩⷐ࿃ߩ৻ߟߢ
ࠆߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ታ㧘వߩࠕ࡞ࠬ࡞ࡎࡦ
㪋㪉ߩ㐽Ⅳᔕߦ㪇㪅㪌ᒰ㊂ߩ㪧㪿㪪㪟ࠍሽߐߖߚߣߎࠈ㧘
㪋㪊ߩ₸߇㪎㪇㧑ߦૐਅߔࠆߣߦㆶర㪋㪇㧔㪊㪇㧑㧕 ߩ↢ᚑ߇⏕ߐࠇߚ㧔㪼㫈㪅㪊㪀㧚㩷
ᓧࠄࠇߚࡆࠪࠢࡠ㨇㪊㪅㪊㪅㪇㨉ࠢ࠻ࡦ㪋㪊ࠍࠕ࡞ࠕ
࡞ࠦ࡞߳ᄌ឵ߔߴߊ㧘߹ߕࠛࡐࠠࠪൻࠍ⹜ߺߚ 㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㩷 㪐㧕㧚ൻว‛㪋㪊ࠍ㨙㪄㪚㪧㪙㪘㉄ൻߒߚߣߎࠈ㧘
ࠛࡐࠠࠪ࠼㪋㪍߇㪉㪅㪍㧦㪈ߩഀวߢ↢ᚑߒ㧘㪥㪦㪜ታ㛎ߩ
⚿ᨐ߆ࠄਥ↢ᚑ‛ߪ 㪼㫅㪻㫆㪄㪋㪍ߢࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚 ࡈࠚ࠾࡞ࡁࠕ࠾ࠝࡦߣ 㪼㫅㪻㫆㪄㪋㪍ߣߩᔕߪ㧘 㪍㪄㪧㪿㪪㪼㪋㪎㧔㪌㪎㧑㧕ߣ㪎㪄㪧㪿㪪㪼㪋㪏㧔㪊㪇㧑㧕ࠍਈ߃㩷
Bu
3SnH, AIBN i-Pr
2NEt, PhSH toluene, reflux
42 43 (70%) + 40 (30%)
39
Bu
3SnH, AIBN i-Pr
2NEt
toluene, reflux 45 (15%)
Scheme 8. Radical reaction of 39, 40 and 15 40
Bu
3SnH, AIBN i-Pr
2NEt
toluene, reflux 40 (100%)
eq. 1)
eq. 2)
eq. 3)
㩷 㩷
ߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘↢ᚑ‛ߢࠆ㪼㫏㫆㪄㪋㪍ߣࡈࠚ࠾࡞ࡁ ࠕ࠾ࠝࡦߣߩᔕߢߪ㪎㪄㪧㪿㪪㪼 㪋㪐ߩߺ߇㜞₸ߢ ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧚㩷
⋡⊛ߣߔࠆࠕ࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡞߳ߩᄌ឵㧔ࡦේ
ሶߩ㉄ൻߣᒁ߈⛯ߊ㫊㫐㫅⣕㔌㧕ࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ㧘㪋㪐ߩ ߺࠍਈ߃ࠆ 㪼㫏㫆㪄㪋㪍ࠍ┙ㆬᛯ⊛ߦᓧࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆ㧚
⒳ޘߩᔕ᧦ઙࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘㪋㪊ߦኻߒߡ㪥㪠㪪ߣ
㈶㉄ࠍ↪ࠆ࡛࠼ࠕ࠻ࠠࠪൻࠍⴕᒁ߈⛯߈Ⴎ ၮߢಣℂߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘㪼㫏㫆㪄㪋㪍ࠍ⚂㪏㪇㧑ߩ₸
ߢᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚㩷
ㅀߒߚ㨙㪄㪚㪧㪙㪘߅ࠃ߮㪥㪠㪪ߣ㪋㪊ߣߩᔕߢߪ㧘
ߕ ࠇߩ ᳞㔚 ሶ ⹜⮎ ߽┙ ⊛ߦ ᷙߺ ว ߞߡ ࠆ
㪺㫆㫅㪺㪸㫍㪼 㕙߆ࠄㆬᛯ⊛ߦੑ㊀⚿วߦធㄭߒߡࠆߎ
ߣߦߥࠆ߇㧘ߎߩℂ↱ߪᲑ㓏ߢ߽ࠄ߆ߢߪߥ㧚
㪌㪌㪃㩷㪌㪍㧕㩷
ൻว‛㪋㪐ߩ㨙㪄㪚㪧㪙㪘㉄ൻ㧘ࡁࠠࠪ࠼ߩ㫊㫐㫅⣕ 㔌㧘ᦝߦ↢ᚑߒߚੑ⚖᳓㉄ၮߩ㪤㫀㫋㫊㫌㫅㫆㪹㫌ォࠍ⚻
ߡ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡞㪌㪈߳ᄌ឵ߒߚ㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㪈㪇㧕㧚㩷
ᰴߦ㪌㪈ߦ㪤㫀㫋㫊㫌㫅㫆㪹㫌ᔕࠍㆡ↪ߒ㧘ࡊࡦႮၮߩ ዉࠍ⹜ߺߚ㧚Ᏹᴺߦᓥ㧘㪍㪄ࠢࡠࡠࡊࡦࠍ᳞ᩭ
⹜⮎ߣߒߡ↪ߚߣߎࠈ㧘⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ㧺㪐⟎឵㪌㪉 ߩ߶߆ߦ⟎⇣ᕈߢࠆ㪌㪊ߩ↢߇ࠄࠇߚ㧚㩷
߹ߚ㧘㪌㪉ߩടࠕࡦࡕ࠾ࠕಽ⸃ߩⴕ⒟ߢߪ㧘⋡⊛‛
㪌㪋ߣߦࠢ࠻ࡦߩ㐿Ⅳߦࠃࠆࠕࡒ࠼㪌㪌߇↢ᚑߒߡ ߈ߚ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ㗴ߪ㧘ࡆࠬ㧔㫋㪼㫉㫋㪄ࡉ࠻ࠠࠪࠞ࡞ࡏ
࠾࡞㧕ࠕ࠺࠾ࡦ㪌㪍㪌㪎㪃㩷㪌㪏㧕ࠍ↪ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⸃ߢ ߈㧘㉄ᕈ᧦ઙਅߢߩ⣕㪙㫆㪺ൻߩᓟߦ㪌㪋ࠍ㪏㪊㧑ߩ₸
ߢᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚ᧄൻว‛ߦ߅ߌࠆฦ⟎឵ၮߩ
⋧ኻ┙㈩⟎ߪ㨄✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߦࠃߞߡቯߒߚ 㧔㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪊㧕㧚㩷
ൻว‛㪌㪋ߩ 㪛㪠㪙㪘㪣㪄㧴ㆶరߦࠃߞߡᓧࠄࠇࠆࡋࡒ ࠕ࠲࡞㪌㪎ࠍㅢߩਛ㑆ߣߒߡ↪㧘ฦ⒳㪋㶅㪄
⟎឵ߩวᚑࠍⴕߞߚ㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㪈㪈㧕㧚ࡋࡒࠕ࠲㩷
43
O O
OTBDPS
endo-46 O
O O
OTBDPS + O
O O
OTBDPS
49 (86%) OH SePh
O O
OTBDPS
47 (57%) SePh OH
O O
OTBDPS
48 (30%) OH SePh
+
Scheme 9, Reagents and conditions; a) method A: m- CPBA, CH
2Cl
2(69%, endo : exo = 2.6:1), method B: NIS, AcOH,CH
2Cl
2then NaOMe, MeOH (90%, endo : exo = 1:7), b) (PhSe)
2, NaBH
4, EtOH, rt
a
b b
exo-46
㩷
࡞㪌㪎ࠍ 㪥㪸㪙㪟㪋ߢㆶరߔࠆߎߣߢ㪋㶅㪄ࡅ࠼ࡠࠠࠪࡔ࠴
࡞㪌㪏ࠍᓧߚ㧚ࡔ࠴ࡦࡎࠬࡎࡦࠍ↪ࠆ㪌㪎ߩ
㪮㫀㫋㫋㫀㪾ᔕߢߪ㪋㶅㪄ࡆ࠾࡞㪌㪐ࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦᓧߚ߇㧘
ቯࠗ࠼ߣߩᔕߢߪ㪮㫀㫋㫋㫀㪾ᔕߦᒁ߈⛯߈ಽሶౝ
ߢߩ᳞ᩭ⊛㪈㪃㪋㪄ઃട߇ㅴⴕߒ㧘ࡆࠪࠢࡠൻว‛㪍㪇ࠍ ਈ߃ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࠝࠠࠪࡓൻ㧘ࠕ࠴࡞ൻ߅ࠃ߮㉄ᕈ
᧦ઙਅߢߩ⣕㔌ࠍ⚻ߡ㪋㶅㪄ࠪࠕࡁ㪍㪈߳ᄌ឵ߒߚ㧚
ࠛ࠴࠾࡞㪍㪉ߩวᚑߦ㑐ߒߡߪ⒳ޘߩᔕ᧦ઙߢᬌ
⸛ߒߚ߇㧘㪣㪛㪘 ߦࠃߞߡ⸃㔌ߐߖߚ 㪫㪤㪪 ࠫࠕ࠱ࡔ
࠲ࡦ㪌㪐㧕ࠍ㪌㪎ߣᔕߐߖࠆߎߣߢ㧘ૐ₸ߢߪࠆ߇
⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ㪋㶅㪄ࠛ࠴࠾࡞㪍㪉ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚㩷 એㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᣂⷙ㪋㶅㪄⚛⟎឵㪙㪚㪘ߩวᚑ ߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚ၮᧄ㛽ᩰߣߥࠆࡆࠪࠢࡠ㨇㪊㪅㪊㪅㪇㨉
ࠢ࠻ࡦߪ㧘ࠕ࡞ࠬ࡞ࡎࡦ㪋㪉ࠍၮ⾰ߣߔࠆ 㪪㪟㶅ဳ ߩࠫࠞ࡞㐽Ⅳᔕߦࠃࠅല₸⊛ߦ⺞ߔࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ߚ㧚ࡆࠪࠢࡠࠢ࠻ࡦ㪋㪊ߩ㕙ㆬᛯ⊛ߥࠛࡐࠠࠪ
ൻߪ㧘࡛࠼ࠕ࠻ࠠࠪൻߣᒁ߈⛯ߊႮၮಣℂߦࠃ ࠅ㆐ᚑߒߚ㧚ࡊࡦႮၮߩዉߪ㧘ࡆࠬ㧔㪙㫆㪺㧕ࠕ
࠺࠾ࡦࠍ↪ࠆ 㪤㫀㫋㫊㫌㫅㫆㪹㫌ᔕߦࠃߞߡ⟎߅ࠃ߮
┙ㆬᛯ⊛ߦⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚⣕ࠪ࡞ൻߦࠃࠅ ᓧࠄࠇߚ㪌㪸㪄㪌㪺ߩ᛫㪟㪠㪭߅ࠃ߮᛫㪟㪚㪭ᵴᕈࠍ᷹ቯߒ ߚ߇㧘㗼⪺ߥ᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ↪ࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߪߐࠇ ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚㩷
49
O O
OTBDPS
R2 50: R1 = OH, R2 = H 51: R1 = H, R2 = OH R1
O O
TBDPSO N
N N N
Cl
O O TBDPSO
N N N
N
Cl +
O O
TBDPSO N
N N N
NH2
TBDPSO N
N N N
NH2
OH O
NH2 +
52 53
54 55
a
b, c
d
e
f, g
Scheme 10, Reagents and conditions; a)m-CPBA, CH2Cl2then Et3N, CH2Cl2, reflux (90%), b) AcOH, DEAD, Ph3P, THF, 0oC, c) K2CO3, MeOH, rt (98% from49), d) 6-chloropurine, DIAD, Ph3P, THF,40oC to rt, e) NH3/MeOH, 120
oC in a seald tube, 54 (68% from 51) and 55 (5% from 51), f) 56, DIAD, Ph3P, THF, 40 oC to rt, g) aq. 50% HCO2H, THF, 50 oC, 54 (83% from 51)
N N N H N
N(Boc)2
56
㩷 㩷
㩷
Figure 3. ORTEP drawing of compound 54.
O HO
OPg Ade
57
O
OPg Ade
60
OPg Ade
58 OH HO
OPg Ade
OH MeO2C
54
Scheme 11, Reagents and conditions; a) i-Bu2AlH, CH2Cl2,78 oC (98%), b) NaBH4, MeOH (86%), c) Ph3PCH3Br, BuLi, THF, 78 oC to rt (96%), d) Ph3P=CHCO2Me, xylene, reflux (72%), e) NH2OH.HCl, pyridine, f) Ac2O, i-Pr2NEt, MeCN, g) NaOAc, AcOH, 100
oC (84% from57), h) TMSCHN2, LDA, THF,78oC to rt (31%)
a
Ade = adenin-9-yl, Pg = TBDPS
OPg Ade
62 OH
OPg Ade
61 NC
OAc
b c d
e, f, g h
59
㩷
5a R = CH2OH 5b R = CH=CH2 5c R = C CH OH
OH
R
Figure 4, Structures of 5a-5c
Ṓ
N N N
N NH2
㩷
㩷
㧟㧚᛫㪟㪠㪭ᵴᕈൻว‛㪜㪻㪋㨀ߩ⚛Ⅳࠕ࠽ࡠࠣߩว ᚑ㪌㪈㪃㩷㪍㪇㪀㩷
೨▵ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘♧ㇱ㪋㶅㪄⟎឵ࠢࠝࠪ࠼
㘃߇ᒝജߥ᛫㪟㪠㪭↪ࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡએ᧪㧘 ߘࠇࠄߩ᭴ㅧᵴᕈ⋧㑐ߦ㑐ߔࠆᬌ⸛߇♖ജ⊛ߦⴕࠊ ࠇߡ߈ߡࠆ㧚㪋㪏㪄㪌㪇㧕ᒰ⎇ⓥቶߩ㪟㪸㫉㪸㪾㫌㪺㪿㫀ࠄߪ㧘ࠛ
ࠗ࠭ᴦ≮⮎ߢࠆࠬ࠲ࡉࠫࡦ㧔㪍㪊㪃㪻㪋㪫㪃㩷㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪌㧕ߩ
♧ㇱ㪋㶅ߦࠛ࠴࠾࡞ၮࠍߔࠆ⺃ዉ㪍㪋㧔㪜㪻㪋㨀㧕 ࠍวᚑߒ㧘ߎߩൻว‛߇Უൻว‛ߢࠆ㪍㪊ࠃࠅ߽ᒝ
᛫㪟㪠㪭↪ࠍ␜ߒ߆ߟૐᲥᕈߢࠆߎߣࠍߒ
ߚ㧚㪍㪈㪄㪍㪋㧕ᧄൻว‛ߪᄙ⠴ᕈࠍ₪ᓧߒߚᄌ⇣ᩣߦኻ
ߒߡ߽ലߢࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᣂⷙࠛࠗ࠭ᴦ≮⮎ߣߒ ߡᦸⷞߐࠇߡࠆ㧚㪍㪊㧕㩷
⪺⠪ࠄߪ 㪜㪻㪋㪫 ߩ᭴ㅧᵴᕈ⋧㑐ߦߟߡ⎇ⓥࠍ⛯
ߌߡ߈ߚ㧚วᚑᴺߩ⚦ߦߟߡߪഀᗲߐߖߡߚ ߛߊ߇㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߦ㪋㶅㪄࠴ࠝ⺃ዉ㪍㪌㪍㪌㧕߅ࠃ߮⚛
Ⅳ⺃ዉ㪍㧔㧾㧩㪼㫋㪿㫐㫅㫐㫃㧘㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪈㧕㪌㪈㧕ߩวᚑࠍႎ๔ ߒߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘Ბ㓏ߦ߅ߡ㪍㪋ߦൎࠆ᛫㪟㪠㪭
↪ࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߪߐࠇߡߥ㧚⪺⠪ࠄߪߎߩ
⎇ⓥߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ㧘⚛Ⅳߦ㪉ߟߩࡈ࠶⚛ේሶࠍ
ߔࠆ⺃ዉ㪎㧔㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪈㧕ࠍ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒߚ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘 ࡈࡁࠬⅣౝ㉄⚛ේሶࠍࠛ࠹࡞߹ߚߪࠛࠬ࠹࡞
㉄⚛ේሶߩ╬ଔ㧔㫀㫊㫆㫊㫋㪼㫉㪼㧕ߣߒߡ᳢↪ߐࠇߡࠆ
ࠫࡈࡠࡠࡔ࠴࠺ࡦၮߢ⟎឵ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘㪍㪍㪄㪎㪊㧕㪍㪋ߩ ࡒࡒ࠶ࠢߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߔࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚㩷
㩷
O N
NH HO
R Me O
O S N
NH HO
Me O
O
63 R = H (d4T) 64 R = ethynyl (Ed4T)
65
Figure 5. Structures of compounds 63-65. 㩷 㩷
ࠫ ࡈ ࡠ ࡠ ⚛ Ⅳ ࡙ ࠾ ࠶ ࠻㪍㪍ߩ ว ᚑ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ 㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㪈㪉㧕㧚ᣢ⍮ൻว‛ߢࠆࠕ࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡞
㪍㪎㪌㪈㧕ࠍ 㪧㪛㪚 ㉄ൻߒ㧘ࠤ࠻ࡦ㪍㪏ߣߒߚ㧚ൻว‛㪍㪏ࠍ
ࠪ࡞ࠛࡁ࡞ࠛ࠹࡞ߣߒߚᓟ㧘㪪㪼㫃㪼㪺㫋㪽㫃㫌㫆㫉տ㪎㪋㧕ࠍ
↪ࠆ᳞㔚ሶ⊛ࡈ࠶⚛ൻߦࠃࠅࡕࡁࡈࡠࡠ㪍㪐߳ᄌ
឵ߒߚ㧚ࡕࡁࡈࡠࡠ㪍㪐ߦኻߒߡౣᐲᧄᔕࠍㆡ↪
ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅࠫࡈࡠࡠ㪎㪇ࠍ⦟ᅢߥ₸ߢᓧߚ㧚 ࠤ࠻ࡦ㪎㪇ߩ㪣㫌㪺㪿㪼ㆶరߪ┙ㆬᛯ⊛ߦㅴⴕߒ㧘ࠕ
࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡞㪎㪈ࠍන৻ߩࠫࠕࠬ࠹ࠝࡑߣߒߡਈ ߃ߚ㧚ൻว‛㪎㪈ߩࡔ࠴࡞ࠛࠬ࠹࡞ࠍ 㪛㪠㪙㪘㪣㪄㧴ㆶర ߦࠃࠅࠕ࡞࠺ࡅ࠼ߣߒߚᓟ㧘㪦㪿㫀㫉㪸㪄㪙㪼㫊㫋㫄㪸㫅⹜⮎㧔㪎㪉㧕
㪎㪌㧕ߣᔕߐߖࠆߎߣߢ⚛Ⅳ࡙࠾࠶࠻㪍㪍߳⺃ዉߒߚ㧚㩷 㩷
OH MeO
2C
PgO
O MeO
2C
PgO
O MeO
2C
PgO F
O MeO
2C
PgO F F
OH MeO
2C
PgO F F
OH
PgO F F
66
67 68
69 70
71
a b
c d
e
Pg = tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS)
Scheme 12. Reagents and conditions: (a) PDC, CH2
CH
2(78%); (b) i) TMSCl, Li-HMDS, THF,
78 oC; ii) Selectfluor, MeCN; (c) i) TMSCl, Li-HMDS, THF,
78oC, ii) Selectfluor, MeCN (76% from
68); (d) NaBH4, CeCl
37H
2O, MeOH, THF,
78 oC, (quant); (e) i) DIBAL-H, CH
2CH
2,
78 oC; ii) P(O)(OMe)
2C(N
2)COMe (72),
K
2CO
3, MeOH (81% from 71).
㩷㩷
㪤㫀㫋㫊㫌㫅㫆㪹㫌 ᔕ㪊㪍㧕ߦࠃࠆ࠴ࡒࡦႮၮߩዉࠍ⹜ߺ
ߚ㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㪈㪊㧕㧚Ᏹᴺߦᓥ㪍㪍ߦኻߒ㪛㪠㪘㪛㧘㪧㪧㪿㪊ሽ
ਅ㧺㪊㪄ࡌࡦ࠱ࠗ࡞࠴ࡒࡦߣᔕߐߖߚ㧚⣕ࡌࡦ࠱
ࠗ࡞ൻߩᓟන㔌♖ࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘㪊⒳ߩࠢࠝ
ࠪ࠼⺃ዉ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧚㪟㪤㪙㪚 ߅ࠃ߮ 㪥㪦㪜ታ㛎ߩ
⚿ᨐ߆ࠄਥ↢ᚑ‛ߪ㪪㪥㪉㶅ᚑ❣㧔㪎㪊㪃㩷㪋㪈㧑㧘ǩ㪆Ǫ㧩
㪈㧦㪈㧕ߢࠆߎߣ߇್ߒ㧘⋡⊛‛ߢࠆ 㪪㪥㪉ᚑ❣
㪎㪋ߪࠊߕ߆ߦ㪉㪍㧑ߩ₸ߢᓧࠄࠇࠆߦㆊ߉ߥ߆ߞ ߚ㧚㩷
㪢㫆㫅㫅㫆ࠄ㧘㪎㪍㪄㪏㪇㧕㪦㫂㪸㫅㫆ࠄ㪏㪈㧕߅ࠃ߮㪢㫀㫄ࠄ㪎㪊㧕ߪ㧘ߘ ࠇߙࠇࡈ࠶⚛ࠕ࡞ࠕ࡞ࠦ࡞ߦኻߔࠆ᳞ᩭ⟎឵
ᔕߦߟߡႎ๔ߒߡࠆ㧚ߕࠇߩႎ๔ߢ߽㧘᳞
ᩭ⹜⮎ߪ߽ߞ߬ࠄࡈ࠶⚛ේሶߩ㆙㓒ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ
⚛ේሶࠍ᠄ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎߩ㈩ะᕈߪࡈ࠶⚛ේሶߩ 㔚ሶ⊛ലᨐߦ࿃ߔࠆߣߐࠇߡࠆ㧚⪺⠪ࠄߪ㧘
ᔕὐߦ㓞ធߔࠆ⟎឵ၮߩ┙㓚ኂߦࠃߞߡ 㪪㪥㪉㶅 ᔕߩ૬⊒ࠍᓮߢ߈ߥ߆ߣ⠨߃㧘એਅߩታ㛎ࠍⴕ ߞߚ㧔㪪㪺㪿㪼㫄㪼㪈㪋㧕㧚㪪㪥㪉㶅ᔕὐߩ㓞ធ㧔ᓟߦ㪋㶅 ߣߥࠆ⟎㧕ߦᲧセ⊛߆ߐ㜞 㪫㪙㪛㪧㪪㪦㪚㪟㪉ၮࠍዉ
ߒߚ㪎㪌ࠍ⺞ߒ 㪤㫀㫋㫊㫌㫅㫆㪹㫌ᔕࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘 㪪㪥㪉㶅ᚑ❣㪎㪏ߩ₸ߪ㪈㪍㧑ߦ߹ߢૐਅߒ㧘㪪㪥㪉↢ᚑ‛
㪎㪎߇ਥᚑ❣ߦߥߞߚ㧚┙⊛ߦዊߐߥࠪࠕࡁၮࠍ㩷
TBDPSO F F
N NH
Me O
O TBDPSO F F
66
+
1) N
3-benzoylthymine DIAD, Ph
3P, THF 2) NH
3/MeOH
74 (26%)
R
1R
273D: R1
= thymin-1-yl, R
2= H (21%)
73E: R1= H, R
2= thymin-1-yl (20%)
Scheme 13. Mitsunobu reaction of 66. 㩷
㩷
ߔࠆ㪎㪍ࠍၮ⾰ߣߒߡ↪ߚ႐วߦߪ㧘㪪㪥㪉㶅ᚑ❣
㪎㪐ߩߺ߇↢ᚑߒߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ࡔ࠻ࠠࠪࠞ࡞ࡏ࠾࡞㪎㪈 ࠍ↪ߚᔕߢߪ 㪪㪥㪉ᚑ❣㪏㪇ߩߺ߇ᓧࠄࠇ㧘ᔕ ߩ⟎ㆬᛯᕈࠍቢోߦᓮߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ㧚㩷 ࡔ࠻ࠠࠪࠞ࡞ࡏ࠾࡞ၮߪᔅߕߒ߽߆ߐ㜞⟎឵ၮߣ ߪ⸒߃ߥߩߢ㧘㪏㪈㧔㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪍㧕ߩࠃ߁ߥࠛࠬ࠹࡞ࠞ
࡞ࡏ࠾࡞ၮߩ㓞ធၮ㑐ਈߦࠃߞߡ 㪪㪥㪉㶅ᔕ߇㒖ᱛ ߐࠇߚߣ߁⠨߃ุ߽ቯߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ㧚ߒ߆ ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘㪎㪈ߩࠛࡇࡑߢࠆ㪏㪉ࠍ⺞ߒߡᧄᔕ ࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘㪪㪥㪉ᚑ❣ߢࠆǩ㪄ࠕࡁࡑ㪏㪊ߩ ߺ߇↢ᚑߒߚ㧚ᩭ㉄Ⴎၮߩ᳞ᩭ᠄߇৻ᣇ⊛ߦ㪏㪈ߩ
㪺㫆㫅㪺㪸㫍㪼 㕙߆ࠄߎߞߚߣߪ⠨߃㔍㧚ਛ㑆㪏㪈ߩ
ᄢ߈ߥᱡࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ㧘߿ߪࠅࡔ࠻ࠠࠪࠞ࡞ࡏ࠾࡞
ၮ߇ 㪪㪥㪉㶅ᔕὐ߳ߩ┙㓚ኂࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚߣ⠨߃ ࠆߩ߇ᅷᒰߢࠈ߁㧚㩷
㩷
OH R
TBDPSO F F
75 R = CH2
OTBDPS
76 R = CN 71 R = CO2Me 1) N
3-benzoylthymine DIAD, Ph
3P, THF 2) K
2CO
3, MeOH or NH
3/MeOH
R TBDPSO F F
N NH
Me O
O
TBDPSO F F R
+ N
NH Me
O O
77 R = CH2
OTBDPS (41%)
80 R = CO2Me (58%)
78 R = CH2
OTBDPS (16%)
79 R = CN (55%)Scheme 14. Mitsunobu reaction of75, 76 and 71. 㩷 㩷
ᓧࠄࠇߚ㪏㪇ࠍ㪛㪠㪙㪘㪣㪄㧴ㆶర߅ࠃ߮㪦㪿㫀㫉㪸㪄㪙㪼㫊㫋㫄㪸㫅
⹜⮎ߦࠃࠅ㪎㪋㧔㪏㪇㧑㧕ߣߒߚᓟ㧘⣕ࠪ࡞ൻߔࠆߎ ߣߦࠃࠅ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ㪎㧔㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㪈㧕ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ߚ㧚ᧄൻว‛ߩ⋧ኻ┙㈩⟎ߪ㨄✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߦ ࠃࠅቯߒߚ㧔㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㪎㧕㧚㨄✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆߩ⚿ᨐ ࠍၮߦ㧘㪎ߩ┙㈩ᐳࠍ㪻㪋㪫㧔㪍㪊㧘㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷 㪌㧕ߩߘࠇ ߣᲧセߒߚ㧚ൻว‛㪎ߩࠣࠦࠪ࡞⚿ว࿁ࠅߩߨߓࠇ㩷
O TBDPSO
F F
MeO MeO
2C
TBDPSO F F
OH
MeO
2C
TBDPSO F F
N N H
Me O O
82
83 81
Figure 6. Structures of compounds 81-83.
㩷 㩷ⷺ㧔㪾㫃㫐㪺㫆㫊㫐㫃㩷 㫋㫆㫉㫊㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷 㪸㫅㪾㫃㪼㪀㩷 㱣㩷 㩿㪚㪝㪉㪄㪚㪈̡㪄㪥㪈㪄㪚㪉㪀ߪ 㪄㪐㪋㪅㪐㫦㩿㪄㪸㫅㫋㫀㪺㫃㫀㫅㪸㫃㧕 ߣ㪍㪊ߩ ߘ ࠇ 㧔 ǿ 㧩㪄㪈㪇㪇㪅㪏㫦㧘
㪦㪋㶅㪄㪚㪈㶅㪄㪥㪈㪄㪚㪉㧕㪏㪉㧕ߦ㕖Ᏹߦㄭ߇㧘㪋㶅㪃㪌㶅㪄⚿ว
࿁ࠅߩߨߓࠇⷺ㧔㪚㪊㶅㪄㪚㪋㶅㪄㪚㪌㶅㪄㪦㪌㶅㪃㪄㫊㫐㫅㪺㫃㫀㫅㪸㫃㧘㱏 㧩㪄㪈㪋㪋㪅㪏㫦㪀ߪ㧘㪍㪊㩿㪂㫊㫐㫅㪺㫃㫀㫅㪸㫃㧘ǫ㧩㪌㪉㪅㪏q㪀ߣߪᄢ߈ ߊ⇣ߥࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㪎ߩࠪࠢࡠࡍࡦ࠹ࡦⅣߩࡄ࠶ࠞࡦ
ࠣߦᵈ⋡ߔࠆߣ㧘㪚㪈㶅㪄㪚㪉㶅㪄㪚㪊㶅㪄㪚㪋㶅߆ࠄᚑࠆ㕙ߦ ኻߒߡࡈ࠶⚛ේሶߩ⟎឵ߒߚ㪚㪌㶅⚛߇࠴ࡒࡦႮၮ ᣇะߦ⓭ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘߶߷ᐔ㕙ߢࠆ㪍㪊ߩ㪉㪃㪌㪄ࠫࡅ
࠼ࡠࡈࡦⅣߣߪᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠆߎߣ߇್ߒߚ㧚㩷 એㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠫࡈࡠࡠ⚛Ⅳࠍߔࠆ㪜㪻㪋㪫
⺃ዉߩวᚑߦߟߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚⟎ㆬᛯ⊛ߥ࠴ࡒ ࡦ ߩ ዉ ߪ ࡔ ࠻ ࠠ ࠪ ࠞ ࡞ ࡏ ࠾ ࡞ 㪎㪈ࠍ ↪ ࠆ 㪤㫀㫋㫊㫌㫅㫆㪹㫌 ᔕ ߦ ࠃࠅ ㆐ᚑ ߒ ߚ㧚 ᱷᔨ ߥ ߇ࠄ㪎ߪ 㪟㪠㪭㪄㪈ߦኻߒߡჇᱺ㒖ኂᵴᕈࠍ␜ߐߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ࠢ
ࠝࠪ࠼⺃ዉ߇᛫ 㪟㪠㪭 ↪ࠍ⊒ߔࠆߚߦߪ㧘
⚦⢩ౝࠠ࠽ߦࠃࠆ㪌㶅㪄ࡕࡁࡦ㉄ൻࠍ⚻ߡ࠻
ࡦ ㉄ߦ ᄌ឵ ߐ ࠇࠆ ߎߣ ߇ ᔅ㗇 ߣߐ ࠇ ߡ ࠆ㧚
㪤㪸㫉㫈㫌㪼㫑 ࠄߪ㧘㪍㪊ߩࡈࡁࠬⅣ߇߶߷ᐔ㕙ߦㄭ
ߎߣ߇㧘ࠠ࠽ߦࠃࠆ⼂ߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒ ߡࠆߣߩ⸃ࠍឭ໒ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘㪏㪊㧕㪎߇ਇᵴᕈߢ
ࠆⷐ࿃ߩ৻ߟߣߒߡㅀߒߚ┙㈩ᐳߩ⋧㆑߇ߍ ࠄࠇࠆߩߢߪߥ߆ߣផቯߒߡࠆ㧚㩷
⚿ ⺆
ᣂⷙ᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬߩត⚝ࠍᔨ㗡ߦ߅ߡ㧘⚛Ⅳ
ࠢࠝࠪ࠼ߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߣวᚑ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߚ㧚ᧄ⎇
ⓥߩㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߡ㧘ᐞߟ߆ߩᯏวᚑൻቇ⊛ߦ⥝
ᷓ⍮߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧚Ბ㓏ߢߪ㗼⪺ߥ᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬ
↪ࠍ␜ߔൻว‛ࠍߔߦߪ⥋ߞߡߥ߇㧘ᧄ
⎇ⓥ߇ᓟᣂⷙ᛫࠙ࠗ࡞ࠬࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߚߩ৻ഥ ߦߥࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡࠆ㧚㩷
⻢ ㄉ
ᧄ⎇ⓥߪᤘᄢቇ⮎ቇㇱ⮎ຠㅧൻቇᢎቶߦ߅
ߡⴕࠊࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠅ㧘ᓮᜰዉ㧘ᓮഥ⸒ࠍ⾦ࠅ߹ߒ ߚ↰ਛඳᢎ㧘ේญ৻ᐢಎᢎߦෘߊᓮ␞↳ߒ
ߍ߹ߔ㧚ᧄ⺰ᢥߦ⸥タߒߚ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐߪ㧘ญ৻⾆ୃ
჻㧘㜞ᯅ㊁ޘሶୃ჻㧘ਛ 㓉ੱୃ჻㧘߅ࠃ߮ᒰ⎇
ⓥቶߦᚲዻߐࠇߚᄙߊߩቇㇱቇ↢⻉ำߩᒆ߹ߧദജ ߩ⾦‛ߢࠅ㧘ᷓߊᗵ⻢ߚߒ߹ߔ㧚㨄✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ
⸃ᨆߪ㧘ਛ㇢ᢎ㧔ᤘᄢቇ⮎ቇㇱ㧕ߦߏදജ
ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚↢‛ᵴᕈ⹜㛎ߪ㚍႐ᙗᢎ㧔㣮 ఽፉᄢቇකቇㇱ㧘᛫ 㪟㪠㪭 ᵴᕈ㧕㧘ട⮮ትਯᢎ㧔ጟ ጊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮කᱤቇ✚ว⎇ⓥ⑼㧘᛫㪟㪚㪭ᵴᕈ㧕㧘ർ
ᐘᄦᢎ㧔ጘ㒂ᄢቇᎿቇㇱ㧘㪪㪘㪟㪸㫊㪼㒖ኂᵴᕈ㧕߅
ࠃ߮㪰㫌㫅㪾㪄㪚㪿㫀㩷㪚㪿㪼㫅㪾ᢎ㧔☨ࠛ࡞ᄢቇකቇㇱ㧘᛫
㪟㪠㪭ᵴᕈ㧕ߣߩห⎇ⓥߣߒߡߥߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠅ
߹ߔ㧚߹ߚᧄ⎇ⓥߩㆀⴕߦߚࠅߏេഥߚߛߚ ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળߦᷓ⻢↳ߒߍ߹ߔ㧔㪢㪘㪢㪜㪥㪟㪠㧦㩷 㪞㫉㪸㫅㫋㩷㫅㫌㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪈㪏㪎㪐㪇㪇㪐㪇㧕㧚㩷
ᢥ ₂
㪈㪀㩷 㪭㫀㫅㪺㪼㪃㩷㪩㪅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪟㫌㪸㪃㩷㪤㪅㪑㩷㪪㫐㫅㫋㪿㪼㫊㫀㫊㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪸㫅㫋㫀㪄㪟㪠㪭㩷㪸㪺㫋㫀㫍㫀㫋㫐㩷㫆㪽㩷 㪺㪸㫉㪹㫆㪺㫐㪺㫃㫀㪺㩷 㶅㪃㪊㶅㪄㪻㫀㪻㪼㪿㫐㪻㫉㫆㪄㪉㶅㪃㪊㶅㪄㪻㫀㪻㪼㫆㫏㫐㪄㪉㪃㪍㪄㪻㫀㫊㫌㪹㫊㫋㫀 㫋㫌㫋㪼㪻㩷㫇㫌㫉㫀㫅㪼㩷㫅㫌㪺㫃㪼㫆㫊㫀㪻㪼㫊㪃㩷㪡㪅㩷㪤㪼㪻㪅㩷㪚㪿㪼㫄㪅㪃㩷㪊㪊㪃㩷㪈㪎㩿㪈㪐㪐㪇㪀㩷 㪉㪀㩷 㪙㫆㫉㪺㪿㪸㫉㪻㫋㪃㩷㪩㪅㩷㪫㪅㪃㩷㪢㪼㫃㫃㪼㫉㪃㩷㪙㪅㩷㪫㪅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪧㪸㫋㪼㫉㪄㪫㪿㫆㫄㪹㫉㪼㪃㩷
㪬㪅㪑㩷 㪥㪼㫇㫃㪸㫅㫆㪺㫀㫅㩷 㪘㪅㩷 㪘㩷 㫇㫆㫋㪼㫅㫋㩷 㫀㫅㪿㫀㪹㫀㫋㫆㫉㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㪪㪄㪸㪻㪼㫅㫆㫊㫐㫃㪿㫆㫄㫆㪺㫐㫊㫋㪼㫀㫅㪼㩷㪿㫐㪻㫉㫆㫃㪸㫊㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫆㪽㩷㫍㪸㪺㪺㫀㫅㫀㪸㩷 㫍㫀㫉㫌㫊㩷 㫄㫌㫃㫋㫀㫇㫃㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷 㫀㫅㩷 㫄㫆㫌㫊㪼㩷 㪣㪐㪉㪐㩷 㪺㪼㫃㫃㫊㪃㩷 㪡㪅㩷 㪙㫀㫆㫃㪅㩷 㪚㪿㪼㫄㪅㪃㩷㪉㪌㪐㪃㩷㪋㪊㪌㪊㩿㪈㪐㪏㪋㪀㪅㩷
㪊㪀㩷 㪛㪸㫃㫌㪾㪼㪃㩷 㪪㪅㩷 㪤㪅㪑㩷 㪫㪿㪼㫉㪸㫇㪼㫌㫋㫀㪺㩷 㪥㫌㪺㫃㪼㫆㫊㫀㪻㪼㫊㪃㩷 㪬㪅㩷 㪪㪅㩷 㫇㪸㫋㪼㫅㫋㩿㪈㪐㪐㪈㪀㪃㩷㫇㪸㫋㪼㫅㫋㩷㫅㫌㫄㪹㪼㫉㩷㪌㪃㪇㪊㪋㪃㪊㪐㪋㪅㩷
㪋㪀㩷 㪢㫌㫄㪸㫄㫆㫋㫆㪃㩷 㪟㪅㪃㩷 㪛㪼㪾㫌㪺㪿㫀㪃㩷 㪢㪅㪃㩷 㪮㪸㪾㪸㫋㪸㪃㩷 㪫㪅㩷 㪼㫋㩷 㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷
㪩㪸㪻㫀㪺㪸㫃㪄㫄㪼㪻㫀㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷 㫊㫋㪸㫅㫅㫐㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㫍㫀㫅㫐㫃㫊㫌㫃㪽㫆㫅㪼㫊㪑㩷 㪸㪺㪺㪼㫊㫊㩷 㫋㫆㩷 㫅㫆㫍㪼㫃㩷 㪋㶅㪄㫄㫆㪻㫀㪽㫀㪼㪻㩷 㫅㪼㫇㫃㪸㫅㫆㪺㫀㫅㩷 㪘㩷 㪸㫅㪸㫃㫆㪾㫌㪼㫊㪃㩷㪫㪼㫋㫉㪸㪿㪼㪻㫉㫆㫅㪃㩷㪍㪌㪃㩷㪏㪇㪇㪎㩿㪉㪇㪇㪐㪀㪅㩷
㪌㪀㩷 㪩㪸㫅㫊㫆㪿㫆㪽㪽㪃㩷㪩㪅㩷㪤㪅㪃㩷㪥㪸㫉㪸㫐㪸㫅㪃㩷㪧㪅㪃㩷㪘㫐㪼㫉㫊㪃㩷㪛㪅㪃㩷㪝㪅㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷 㪧㫉㫀㫄㫀㫅㪾㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㫀㫅㪽㫃㫌㪼㫅㫑㪸㩷 㫄㪩㪥㪘㩷 㫋㫉㪸㫅㫊㪺㫉㫀㫇㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷 㫀㫊㩷 㫀㫅㪿㫀㪹㫀㫋㪼㪻㩷㫀㫅㩷㪚㪟㪦㩷㪺㪼㫃㫃㫊㩷㫋㫉㪼㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫄㪼㫋㪿㫐㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷 㫀㫅㪿㫀㪹㫀㫋㫆㫉㪃㩷 㪥㪼㫇㫃㪸㫅㫆㪺㫀㫅㩷 㪘㪃㩷 㪘㫅㫋㫀㫍㫀㫉㪸㫃㩷 㫉㪼㫊㫊㪅㪃㩷 㪎㪃㩷 㪋㪈㪎㩿㪈㪐㪏㪎㪀㪅㩷
㪍㪀㩷 㪧㫌㪾㪿㪃㩷 㪚㪅㪪㪅㩷 㪞㪅㩷 㪸㫅㪻㩷 㪙㫆㫉㪺㪿㪸㫉㪻㫋㪃㩷 㪩㪅㩷 㪫㪅㪑㩷 㪜㪽㪽㪼㪺㫋㫊㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㪪㪄㪸㪻㪼㫅㫆㫊㫐㫃㪿㫆㫄㫆㪺㫐㫊㫋㪼㫀㫅㪼㩷 㪸㫅㪸㫃㫆㪾㫊㩷 㫆㫅㩷 㫍㪸㪺㪺㫀㫅㫀㪸㩷 㫍㫀㫉㪸㫃㩷 㫄㪩㪥㪘㩷㫊㫐㫅㫋㪿㪼㫊㫀㫊㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫄㪼㫋㪿㫐㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪃㩷㪙㫀㫆㪺㪿㪼㫄㫀㫊㫋㫉㫐㪃㩷㪉㪈㪃㩷 㪈㪌㪊㪌㩿㪈㪐㪏㪉㪀㪅㩷 㩷
㪎㪀㩷 㪬㪼㫃㪸㫅㪻㪃㩷 㪧㪅㩷 㪤㪅㪑㩷 㪧㪿㪸㫉㫄㪸㪺㫆㫃㫆㪾㫀㪺㪸㫃㩷 㪸㫅㪻㩷 㪹㫀㫆㪺㪿㪼㫄㫀㪺㪸㫃㩷 㪸㫊㫇㪼㪺㫋㫊㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㪪㪄㪸㪻㪼㫅㫆㫊㫐㫃㪿㫆㫄㫆㪺㫐㫊㫋㪼㫀㫅㪼㩷 㪸㫅㪻㩷 㪪㪄㩷 㪸㪻㪼㫅㫆㫊㫐㫃㪿㫆㫄㫆㪺㫐㫊㫋㪼㫀㫅㪼㩷㪿㫐㪻㫉㫆㫃㪸㫊㪼㪃㩷㪧㪿㪸㫉㫄㪸㪺㫆㫃㪅㩷㪩㪼㫍㪅㪃㩷 㪊㪋㪃㩷㪉㪉㪊㩿㪈㪐㪏㪉㪀㪅㩷
㪏㪀㩷 㪧㫆㫉㫋㪼㫉㪃㩷 㪛㪅㩷 㪡㪅㩷 㪫㪅㩷 㪸㫅㪻㩷 㪙㫆㫐㪻㪅㩷 㪝㪅㩷 㪣㪅㪑㩷 㪤㪼㪺㪿㪸㫅㫀㫊㫄㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㪹㫆㫍㫀㫅㪼㩷 㫃㫀㫍㪼㫉㩷 㪪㪄㪸㪻㪼㫅㫆㫊㫐㫃㪿㫆㫄㫆㪺㫐㫊㫋㪼㫀㫅㪼㩷 㪿㫐㪻㫉㫆㫃㪸㫊㪼㪅㩷 㪪㫋㪼㪸㪻㫐㪄㫊㫋㪸㫋㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫇㫉㪼㪄㫊㫋㪼㪸㪻㫐㪄㫊㫋㪸㫋㪼㩷㫂㫀㫅㪼㫋㫀㪺㩷㪸㫅㪸㫃㫐㫊㫀㫊㪃㩷 㪡㪅㩷㪙㫀㫆㫃㪅㩷㪚㪿㪼㫄㪅㪃㩷㪉㪍㪍㪃㩷㪉㪈㪍㪈㪍㩿㪈㪐㪐㪈㪀㪅㩷 㩷
㪐㪀㩷 㪛㪼㩷㪚㫃㪼㫉㪼㫈㪃㩷㪜㪅㪑㩷㪪㪄㪸㪻㪼㫅㫆㫊㫐㫃㪿㫆㫄㫆㪺㫐㫊㫋㪼㫀㫅㪼㩷㪿㫐㪻㫉㫆㫃㪸㫊㪼㩷 㫀㫅㪿㫀㪹㫀㫋㫆㫉㫊㩷 㪸㫊㩷 㪹㫉㫆㪸㪻㪄㫊㫇㪼㪺㫋㫉㫌㫄㩷 㪸㫅㫋㫀㫍㫀㫉㪸㫃㩷 㪸㪾㪼㫅㫋㫊㪃㩷 㪙㫀㫆㪺㪿㪼㫄㪅㩷㪧㪿㪸㫉㫄㪸㪺㫆㫃㪅㪃㩷㪊㪍㪃㩷㪉㪌㪍㪎㩿㪈㪐㪏㪍㪀㪅㩷 㩷
㪈㪇㪀㩷 㪮㫆㫃㪽㪼㪃㩷 㪤㪅㩷 㪪㪅㩷 㪸㫅㪻㩷 㪙㫆㫉㪺㪿㪸㫉㪻㫋㪃㩷 㪩㪅㩷 㪫㪅㪑㩷 㪪㪄㪘㪻㪼㫅㫆㫊㫐㫃㪄㪣㪄㪿㫆㫄㫆㪺㫐㫊㫋㪼㫀㫅㪼㩷㪿㫐㪻㫉㫆㫃㪸㫊㪼㩷㪸㫊㩷㪸㩷㫋㪸㫉㪾㪼㫋㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷 㪸㫅㫋㫀㫍㫀㫉㪸㫃㩷 㪺㪿㪼㫄㫆㫋㪿㪼㫉㪸㫇㫐㪃㩷 㪡㪅㩷 㪤㪼㪻㪅㩷 㪚㪿㪼㫄㪅㪃㩷 㪊㪋㪃㩷 㪈㪌㪉㪈㩿㪈㪐㪐㪈㪀㪅㩷 㩷
㪈㪈㪀㩷 㪟㪸㫊㫆㪹㪼㪃㩷㪤㪅㪃㩷㪤㪺㪢㪼㪼㪃㩷㪡㪅㩷㪞㪅㪃㩷㪙㫆㫉㪺㪿㪸㫉㪻㫀㫅㪾㪃㩷㪛㪅㩷㪩㪅㩷㪼㫋㩷㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷㪜㪽㪽㪼㪺㫋㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷 㪐㪄㩿㫋㫉㪸㫅㫊㪄㪉㶅㪃㫋㫉㪸㫅㫊㪄㪊㶅㪄㪻㫀㪿㫐㪻㫉㫆㫏㫐㪺㫐㪺㫃㫆㫇㪼㫅㫋㪄㪋㶅㪄㪼㫅㫐㫃㪀㪄 㪸㪻㪼㫅㫀㫅㪼㩷 㪸㫅㪻㩷 㪄㪊㪄㪻㪼㪸㫑㪸㪸㪻㪼㫅㫀㫅㪼㩷 㫆㫅㩷 㫋㪿㪼㩷 㫄㪼㫋㪸㪹㫆㫃㫀㫊㫄㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㪪㪄㪸㪻㪼㫅㫆㫊㫐㫃㪿㫆㫄㫆㪺㫐㫊㫋㪼㫀㫅㪼㩷 㫀㫅㩷 㫄㫆㫌㫊㪼㩷 㪣㪐㪉㪐㩷 㪺㪼㫃㫃㫊㪃㩷 㪤㫆㫃㪅㩷 㪧㪿㪸㫉㫄㪸㪺㫆㫃㪅㪃㩷㪊㪊㪃㩷㪎㪈㪊㩿㪈㪐㪏㪏㪀㪅㩷 㩷
㪈㪉㪀㩷 㪪㪿㫌㫋㫆㪃㩷 㪪㪅㪃㩷 㪦㪹㪸㫉㪸㪃㩷 㪫㪅㪃㩷 㪫㫆㫉㫀㫐㪸㪃㩷 㪤㪅㩷 㪼㫋㩷 㪸㫃㪅㪑㩷 㪥㪼㫎㩷 㫅㪼㫇㫃㪸㫅㫆㪺㫀㫅㩷 㪸㫅㪸㫃㫆㪾㫊㪅㩷 㪈㪅㩷 㪪㫐㫅㫋㪿㪼㫊㫀㫊㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㪍㶅㪄㫄㫆㪻㫀㪽㫀㪼㪻㩷 㫅㪼㫇㫃㪸㫅㫆㪺㫀㫅㩷 㪘㩷 㪻㪼㫉㫀㫍㪸㫋㫀㫍㪼㫊㩷 㪸㫊㩷 㪹㫉㫆㪸㪻㪄㫊㫇㪼㪺㫋㫉㫌㫄㩷 㪸㫅㫋㫀㫍㫀㫉㪸㫃㩷㪸㪾㪼㫅㫋㫊㪃㩷㪡㪅㩷㪤㪼㪻㪅㩷㪚㪿㪼㫄㪅㪃㩷㪊㪌㪃㩷㪊㪉㪋㩿㪈㪐㪐㪉㪀㪅㩷 㪈㪊㪀㩷 㪙㫆㫉㪺㪿㪸㫉㪻㫀㫅㪾㪃㩷㪛㪅㩷㪩㪅㪃㩷㪪㪺㪿㫆㫀㫋㫑㪃㩷㪪㪅㩷㪘㪅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪙㫆㫉㪺㪿㪸㫉㪻㫋㪃㩷
㪩㪅㩷 㪫㪅㪑㩷 㪪㫐㫅㫋㪿㪼㫊㫀㫊㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㪸㫅㪸㫃㫆㪾㫊㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㫅㪼㫇㫃㪸㫅㫆㪺㫀㫅㩷 㪘㪑㩷 㫌㫋㫀㫃㫀㫑㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㫆㫇㫋㫀㪺㪸㫃㫃㫐㩷 㪸㪺㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷 㪻㫀㪿㫐㪻㫉㫆㫏㫐㪺㫐㪺㫃㫆㫇㪼㫅㫋㪼㫅㫆㫅㪼㫊㩷 㪻㪼㫉㫀㫍㪼㪻㩷 㪽㫉㫆㫄㩷 㪺㪸㫉㪹㫆㪿㫐㪻㫉㪸㫋㪼㫊㪃㩷 㪡㪅㩷 㪦㫉㪾㪅㩷 㪚㪿㪼㫄㪅㪃㩷 㪌㪉㪃㩷 㪌㪋㪌㪎㩿㪈㪐㪏㪎㪀㪅㩷