氏 名
学 位 の 種 類
学 位 記 番 号
学位授与年月日
学位授与の要件
学 位 論 文 題 目
こう りん ちぇんQIAO-LIN ZHENG
博士(農学)
甲第381号 、
平 成17 年 9 月22 日
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Biochemical and molecular-biological studies on
ethylenebios血thesisinJapanesepersimmon(Dlo即yr?S
kakI Thunb.)fruit
(カキ果実におけるエチレン生成に関する生化学および分
子生物学的研究)
学位論文審査委員 (主査) 板村裕之
(副査)
中 務 明
田遺賢二
山細
内木
直高
樹志
学位論 文 の 内 容 の 要 旨
Persimmon(DiowfY)SkakiThunb.)isoneoftheimportant舟uitcropsandhaslongcultivationhistory inJApan.Sjnce ethylene plays animportamtrolein persiTnmOnfruit softenin島1tis valuableto study ethylenebiosynthesisandthecharacterizationofenzymesrelatedtoitsbiosynthesis叶persilnmOn・Ithas beenestab)ishedthatethyleneisbiosynthesizedB・OmmethionineviaS-adenosylmethionine(AdoMet)and トaminocyclopropanか1-Carboxyljcacid(ACC).ACCsynthase(EC4.4.l・14)andACCoxjdase(ECl.4・3) aretwoenzymeSinvoIvedintheethylenebiosynthetlCPathway.Inthisstudy,Weana7yzedtherelationshjps between the ethylene biosynthesis,and activities ofACC synthaseand ACC oxidaseand their gene expressioninyounglntaCtPerSimmonfruit,andprolonged’Sado,persimmonfruitshelf-1ifethroughNi2+ inhibitir)g ethy)ene production.Fllrthermore,We Clarif;ed wound-induced ethylene productioh tllrOugh jnducing ACC synthase activity andD闘CSL gene expression,and the mechanjsm ofwound-induce 9thylenebiosynthesisinpersimmonfruit. (1)Extractionand characterization ofACC synthase and ACC oxidaBefrom wounded PerSimmonfruit ACCsynthaseandACCoxidasewereextracted舟omwoundedtissueofmature‘Saijo’pershllmOn舟uit by using the polyethyleneglycerol(PEG)acetone metllOd and charactもrized.The optimum pH, COnCentrationofpyridoxal-5-phosphate(PLP)fbrlTlaXilTlumACCsynthaseactivity,theKL,fbrAdoMet; andthehalト1ifbinthepresenceofAdoMetfbrpersjlnmOnACCsynthasewere8.5,5pM,10pM,and21m)n,reSPeCtively;Whereas,theopt)mumPHforACCoxidasewas7.2,theapparentKL,Sfbrthesubstrate ACCandcofactorFe2+werel14LIM′and4pM,reSpeCtively・TheconcentrationofcofactorHCO3-for lllaXiInurnaCtivitywas.approxjmately40mM.TheactivityofACC oxidase decreasedin anoか1inear marlnerduringlnVitroincubation,witllahalトIifbofabout9min;itsactivitywasinhibitedbyvarious divalentcations,SuChasNi2+,Zn2+,Cu2+,Mn2+,andMg2+・ (2)EnzymaticactivitiesandgeneexpressionofACCsynthaseandACCoxidase叶persimmonfnit BasedonsucceedinglneXb・aCtjonandassayofACCsynthaseandACCoxjdase,Weanalyzedethylene biosynthesisinyounglntaCtandmaturewounded‘Hiratanenashi’persimmonfruit.InyounglntaCtfruit, ethylenepro血ct盲onwas detected2daysa鮎rharveSt andpeakedat4days.Little ACC contentwas detected atl day;raPidly]nCreaSlng4days a魚erharveSt andpeaking at7days.DK-ACS2strongly expressedduringalmosta]lperiodsa魚eritcommencedat3days,fbllowedbyarapidincreaseinACC Synthaseactivltyat4daysandapeakat5days.DK-ACOlmRNAaccumulationinitiatedatharVeSttime, dramatica71yl】1CreaSedat2days;aSareSult,highACCoxidaseactlVltyWaSdetectedatthebeginnlrigof harVeSt,andpeakedat3days.DRuCOlmRNAacculm!ation co鱒inuedduringthe subsequentdays, uihereasACCoxidaseactivitydecreasedtoa]owleve)・ WbundingtreatmentjnducedethylenebiosynthesisandACC acc11mulatjon.TlleStrOngeStDRMCS2 expression wasinduc6dl day?fterwounding,fb]]owed by the highest ACC synthase activity which para】lel占dACCaccumulation.AbundantDKACOlmRNAaccumulationandhighACCoxidaseactivity WereObservedattheinitiatjonofwoundingandremainedathighlevelsduringthedaysthatfb]lowed. (3)Effbctofl-MCPonwound-indllCedetllylenebiosynthesisin’Saijo,persimmonfruit MechanicalinJurylS One Ofthe most sever stressforfruitin environment.Wt already analyzed WOundinginducedethylenebiosynthesisandenzymaticactivityandgeneexpressionofACCsynthaseand ACCoxidaseabove;later,Wefurthermoreclarifiedthefbedbackmechanismofwounかihducedethylene biosymthesisin persimmon舟uit.Pretreatment ofトme仇ylcyclopropene-(1-MCP),theinhibitor of ethyleneaction,1nCreaSedethyleneproductionat48hafterwoundin&andcausedamaximuml.8-fo1d increasein ethy)eneproductjon,Whichsuggestedthatwounかhlducedethyleneproductionwasundera negative氏edback regulation by ethylene.Wbund-induced ACC contentwas also enhancedbyl-MCP PretreatmentCauSedbyinducingACC synthaseactivityandDRuCSL geneexpression,jndicatingthat DKACSL、gene eXpreSSion was negativelyregulatedby ethyleneinwoundedmaturepersimmonfruit. 1-MCPpreh・eatmenthadnoeffbctonwoullかjnducedDRIACOJgeneexpression;Whereas,ACCoxidase activjtywasenl1anCedbyl,MCPpretrqatmentat48ha食erwounding,Withmaxi111umOfactivityl.5-fbld higherthan thatin controIwoundedtissue at60h.It suggestedthatwotlnd-induced DRIACO]gene expressionwasindependentonethylene,butjtspost-b・anS.Crlpt10nalprocesswasthoughttoberegulatedby ethyleneinmaturepersilT)mOnfruit.
(4)Prolongingshelf・lifbof‘Saijo,persimmonfruitbysprayingnicke]iontothecalyxonthetree ‘Saijo’persimmonfruitisthemainastr;ngentcultivarinJapan;Whereas,itiseasilysofteningon畠tree duringm廻ureperiodandafterharvestwiththeremovalofastrlngenCy,Whichhindersthedevelopmentand COnSumPtionof’Saijo’persimmonfruit.Ithasbeensuggestedthatethylenebiosynthesisinpersimmonwas initia11yinducedincalyxbywaterloss;thisethylenedjffusedtopulptlSSueandactedasasecondarys)gnal tostimulateautocatalyticethylenebiosymthesisinpulptissues.Itmeansthatcalyxp]aysimportantro)esin ethy]enebiosynthesjsinpemin川On舟uit.Meanwhi】e,Ni2+couldinhibjtpersimmonACCoxidaseactivity by89%」nvivo,aJldby75%invitro,reSpeCtively・Basedonthesestudies,tOPrOlongtheshelfllifbof persimmon飢1it,WeSprayedO・1%NiC】2SO)utiontofruit..ca-yxonthetreeande]ucidatedthee飴ctofNj2+ On・ethyleneproduction,判eshf;rmness,ACCcontent,enZymaticactjvitiesandgeneexpressionbfACC SynthaseandACCoxidaseindetachedfruit・InQOntrOl,ethyleneproductionandACCcont占ntdramatica】)y increaseda薫ertheremovalofastri11genCywithdry-1Ce,、fb1lowedbyrapidfruitso食enin&ACCsynthase activityandDRACS]geneexpressionalsorapidlyreachedpeaksat5days;Whereas,ACCoxjdaseactivity andDRuCOlgeneexpressionwereconstitutiv邑. InNi2+-treated伽it,etl-yleneproductionwasdelayedfbr2days,Whicheffbctivelyinhibited鮎t SO食eningLand pro]onged fhlit shelf-1舵fbr2days,and ACC content wasalso obviously decreased. MeanWllile,ACC synthase activity and・its gene expressjon(DK-ACS])were delayed fbrl dayin Ni2+-treatedhit・However,DKIACS2remainednochangesandweaklyexpressedduringthelateshelf]jfb stageincontrolorNi2+-treated伽it・ACCoxidaseactjvityshowednoinhibitionjnNi2+-treatedhit; DRL4COlexpressionwasstronglypromoted.