英 語 に お け る女 こ とば
吉 田 孝 夫
Women,s Language , Takao YOSHIDA ● ■略
称
BH BIeak House C The(dimesCH The(:Picket on the Hearth DC David Copperfield
1)5 1)ombey and Son LD Little 1)on・ ゴ' MC Martin Chuzzlewit NN Nicholas Nickleby OC∫The Old Curiosity Shop OMF OurMutual Friend OT OIiver Twist SB Sketches bアBoz
以 上 のC.Dickens(1812・70)の テ キ ス ト は The New Oxford皿ustrated Dickensに 拠 る 。
AB ABIaze ATB At the Bay β β〃∬ CT !4 Cup of Tea D Mr. and Mrs.1)ove DH The Doll's He)use
DLC TheDaughters of the Late(わlonel DP A1)ill Pickle
GP The Garden Party H Honeymoon
HPBK How Pearl Button was Kidnapped
伊
醇
溜
剛
An」1deal Family The Little Girl Miss Brill Marriage a la Mode
ハの New Dresse∫
RPD Mr. Reginald Peacock's Day S The Sかanger
SL The Singing Le∬on TA /17撤 吻ful Adventure TR The Tiredne∬ofRo∫abel V Theレ のage
WB The Wind Blow∫ ㎜ The WrongR∂ μ∫θ
以 上 のK.Mansfield(1888-1923)の テ キ ス ト はThe Short Stories ofKatherine Mansfield (Alfred A Knope,1961)に 拠 る 。
女 性 は し ば し ば そ の 場 の 状 況 で そ れ と な く 分 る こ と は 相 手 の 想 像 に ゆ だ ね た り,相 手 に 暗 示 さ せ て 文 を 中 断 す る こ と が あ る 。 女 性 特 有 の 控 え 目 な 性 質 や 恥 じ ら い か ら く る も の で あ ろ う か 。
Be nice to her. Be frightfu皿y nice to her. Look after her. I don't㎞ow how. We haven't talked yet. But show her-treat her-make her feel一(ダ ッ シ ュ の 部 分 に は 順 次 に`your ㎞dness・,・ ㎞ 田y',`comfortable'の よ う な こ と ば が 考 え ら れ る)(Rosemary, CT)IIdo hope
It's nothing very serious.(Miss Wyatt)Oh no, thank you, Miss Wyatt. It's nothing bad at all. It's-It's from my fiance(原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク)saying that...saying that一(Miss Meadows)Isee(原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク).(Miss Wyatt,飢)IWhich do you prefer, Con?(Jo・ sephine)Ithink it might be nice to have it fried. On the other hand, ofcourse,boiled fish is very nice. I think I prefer both equally well...
Unless you...In that case一(Constantia) Ishall fry it.(Kate←servant girl),DLC,10)
IRose is perfect with the child-but He・ len...(Mrs. Carsfield,NI))
単 刀 直 入 の 表 現 を さ.け た 婉 曲 的 な 言 い 回 し は 女 性 の 好 む と こ ろ で あ る 。
Ican't bear it. I sha皿do away with myself ←kill myself). (Miss Smith,(:7)IBIess her, she'S gO㎞g of(=faint)!(Charlotte, OT,6)I likely subject for the tender passion←love) (Miss Betsey,1)C,47)'r
ninny, noddyは`fool'に 比 べ て 当 た り が や わ ら か く 感 情 的 で あ る 。
も
1謹血a1L't be shocked like those other ninnies. (Mrs. Kember,.41B,5)ITo think that I shoud be such a noddソ!(Mrs. Squeers,ハW,7)
あ る 陳 述 にIthink, I wonder, Do you think [ル ε'](...?)を 前 置 き す る こ と に よ っ て 断 言 を 緩 和 す る 。
Ithink I'11 go to bed. (Mrs. Carsfield's mother,ノ>D)IIthink I'll follow mother. Bed,s
the place for me.(Mrs. Carsfield,乃 奴)IWhich do you prefer, Con?(Josephine) Ithink it might be nice to have it fried. On the other hand, of course, boiled fish is very nice. 1 think I prefer both equally well...Unless you
...In that case一(Constantia, DLC,10)II wonder if you'd mind, stewardess, laying dowll my umbrella.(Mrs. Crane,レ)IIwonder if Miss
Fulton has forgotten? (Bertha, B)IDo you think we could ask Kate for two cups of hot water?(Josephine, DL C,7)II)o you feel that you rea皿y㎞ow me now?(Fa㎜y,H)
sort of, or somethingは 表 現 を ぼ か す 働 き を す る 。
Why do you keep stopping and sort of star・ ㎞gat the wa皿?(Kezia,ATB,7)IYou're always saying or loo㎞g or hinting that I've changed. Just because I've got to㎞ow really congenial people, and go about more, and am frightfully keen on - on everything, you behave as though I'd - ki皿ed our love or something. (lsabel,㎜ の you knowを は さ む こ と に よ り こ と ば 全 体 を や わ ら か くす る 。 口 語 的 な 話 し 方 で は,と き に は む だ な も の を 入 れ る こ と に よ っ て,話 し の 内 容 を 聞 き や す くす る110we〃 に つ い て も同 様 の へ こ と が 言 え よ っ 。
You know Bruges is simply packed with treasures and churches and pictures. (Betty, TA)IWe're frightfu皿y keen on the Suffrage, .you know.(乃 ゼ.)IGuy and I aren't a honey・
moo!i couple, you know.(伍 鉱)IWell, you didn't see Hele11's clothes when I took off to・ night.(Mrs. Carsfield,ND) I We〃, it rea皿y is
(原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク)Rose's colour. Her corn-plexion is so much more vivid than Helen's・
(乃 鼠)
次 の よ う な 持 っ て 回 っ た ま わ り く ど い 表 現 は 女 性 の 好 む と こ ろ 。
Do you think we could ask Kate for two cups of hot water? (Josephine)Ireally don't see why we shouldn't.(Conぎtalltia,DLC,7)IIt
isn't that I'm not awfully fond of you. I am. (Anne, D) I David Copperfield, I sha〃not attempt to disguise the fact, that I fo㎝ed an unfavourable opinion ofyou in your childhood・ (Miss Murdstone,DC,26)
What have you got in your hand?は 少 々 ぶ っ き ら ぼ う で 不 愛 想 に 響 く が,Whatの あ と にis that[lt]を 挿 入 し て ワ ン ク ッ シ ョ ン を お け ば 奉 現 が お だ や か で や わ ら か く な る 。
What's that you've got血your hand?(Linda, ATB,11)IWhat is it exactly that I want,
Harry?(the girl,1:R)
付 加 疑 問,否 定 疑 問 に つ い て も 同 様 の こ と が 言 え よ う 。「否 定 」 が 表 示 さ れ て い る た め,相 手 に 反 論 の 余 地 を 与 え る か ら で あ る 。
It is a nice style,isn't it?(Mrs. Stubbs, ATB, 8)IThis is better, isn't it?(Matilda,擢8)l Won't you take off your hat?Your pretty hair is a皿wet. And one is so much more comfort・ able without a hat, isn't one?(Rosemary,(:ア) IMy dear!aren't they too like frogs for words?
ロ
(Kitty,(ぞ)IAren't they charming? (Mrs. Cars丘eld,ハ の)II'm feverish and quite flushed.
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●
■
●
■
●
b
・..1)on't I look flushed? (Elsa, AB)IIsn't it extraordinary to think that here we are quite alone, away from everybody, with nobody to tell us to go home, or to-to order us about except ourselves?(Fanny,、 のIIsn't it an awful day! (Mat皿da,躍8)IOh, ain't it lovely! (one ofthe girls,1)旧)
現 在 形 で はhave(go t)toは`must'よ リ 弱 い の で 一 般 に,特 に 婦 人 に は 好 ま れ る:)
Unfortunately I have to go home quite soon. (the heroine, TA)IAfter all-this is my room;1'll have to ask you to go・(未 来 形 を 用 い る と 一 層,当 た り が や わ ら か く な る)(Elsa, AB)IWhat we've got to decide now, however,
is whether we really do trust Kate or not.(Jo。 sephine,DLC,10)
進 行 形 で 表 現 す れ ば 単 純 形 の ぼ く と っ さ は 影 を ひ そ め る 。
1㎞OW,1㎞ow perfectly well-but I can't help the way I'm built....Are you going?
(Elsa, AB)
語 を 短 く し た り,語 尾 に 親 愛 の 情 を 増 す`y' を 添 加 す る こ と は 女 性 の 好 む と こ ろ 。
Come and sit do㎜in this comfy(=com・ fortable)chair.(Rosemary,α)IHere's a clean hanky(=handkerchief), darling, with some of my lavender water on it.(Kezia's grandmother, LG)IIhaven't got a hanky.(Lottie,ATB,9)l
Ioften (原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク)have nightmare, and then grannie←grandmother)takes me into her bed.(Kezia, LG)ICome along, doggie, give it up, there's a good boy!(Helen,ハ の)IDaddy darling, can't the band have something to drink? (Laura, G1『)IThere, you see. That's what I mean, mummy.(Ethel,1石)
女 性 語 が お だ や か で や わ ら か く 響 く要 因 の 一 つ に 話 者 の 心 情 を こ ま や か に 相 手 に 伝 え る 法 助 動 詞(Modal auxiliary)の 使 用 が あ げ ら れ よ う 。 Don't you think it would be rather】nice if we asked Nurse Andrews to stay on for a week as our guest? (Josephine,DLC,2)IIt would be SO un㎞d to Jip!(Dora, DC,48)IIcouldn't
keep her against her will, could I?(Rosemary ,
C7) I Pray let us be friends. Icouldn't live under coldness or un㎞dness.(Clara, DC,14)l But we couldn't have gone on living in that other poly little hole, William.(Isabel,淵)II
don't㎞ow what I might be fit for, now, as a servant to a stranger.(Peggotty,1)C,10)IDo
you think that we might make time to go a little round in that direction, Susan? (Mrs. Toodle,1)5,6)IWhy should I be so cruel?No, Ionly want to make you warm and to hear-anything you care to to皿me.(Rosemary,α)l I∫hould be very glad if you would talk about my brother.(Florence,1)5,18)IIf you could direct・us anywhere, sir, we should take it very ㎞ 田y.(Net,0㏄,24)IIshould like it(・the funeral) to be quite s㎞ple, and not too expensive. (Josephine,1)L(7,4)IHeing here
, would you care at all to look round the Bower? (B・ 血)lshould g・eady hk・lt.(Mrs. B・ 血
, 0艀,1,15)
形 容 詞 に は 女 性 の や さ し い 気 質 を 反 映 し た 可 愛 ら し い 感 情 的 色 彩 の 豊 か な も の が 多 い 。
Don't cry, poor little thing. Don't cry. (Rosemary,て:7)ILucky little creature.(Mrs. Kember, A TB,5)1、 Poor little motherless mite! (中 ・ ・t・wardess・v)lit's s・・皐 ・lovely d・y. (Beryl,.471},5)IYour lovely pear tree!(Miss Fulton,β)IIt's a lovely young bud!(Dollicas
, 観月)IAren't they(=lilies)髭 ルely? (Mrs . Sheridan・ (,p) I Oo, 00! Lovely , toレely 1 (referring to a little line of foam)(Pearl, HPBK) ITell her to wear that swee'hat she had on last Sunday. (Mrs. Sheridan,(司 『) I Oh, they (= violets)are sweet!(the girl
, TR)IGive it to me, love. Very sweet!(Charlotte,炉)ICf . Has she been good, Nanny?(Bertha)She's been a little sweet all the aftemoon.(名 詞 形 で億 味 は 「い い 子 」
)(Nanny,8)IOh, Harry, isn't it(=the hat) ad・rable. I must have that!(the girl
,盟)l We've got a few wine biscuits and Fenella has a very nice banana.(Mrs. Crane,フ)IBe nice to him, my children!(lsabel,燗IYou're nice -you,re very nice! (Bertha
always very nice to father.(Constantia,1)LC, 1)IIt's much nicer to be weak than to be strong, (ld.,6) I It's been so nice. (Mrs. knight, B) I If I may venture to po㎞t out to madam, the flowers on the little lady's bodice.
(the shopman) Charming!(Rosemary,(π)l
That's{原 文 イ タ リッ ク)what I find so charming! (Mrs. Markleham, DC,45)lIsaw aノ ね8cfηα珈g little box to・day.(Rosemary, Clmi I It would be
SO.fascinating㎞twenty years, t㎞e.(lsable, 痂 の The flowers were too marvellous.(Miss
Brittle, RPI))IListen, it's too marvellous. A love・letter! (lsabel,躍 ルf)IHasn,t it been a divine day! (Bertha,8)IOh, George. The smell!The most divine...(Fanny,、 のICf. The water was divine.(Bobby,励)/There are some round things which really look too divine. ([bid.) It's such a heavenケmorning.(Miss
Brittle, RPD)IIhave never seen such exqu施f'θ sandwitches.(Jose,(.'P)IOh, Mr. Warren, what happy (=suitable)socks! (M【rs・Knight, B)
女 性 の 繊 細 な 気 性 が こ と ば に 反 映 し,驚 き ・ 驚 愕 の 感 情 を 示 す 形 容 詞 が 多 用 さ れ る 。 It is quite a story for twilight. How very
shocking! Dead? (Lady Dedlock,1班,12)l Oh, Domb ey, Domeby!this is very shocking. (Miss BI㎞ber, DS,12)10-oh, how awful! (Isabel, DH) I Isn't it an awfu'day!(Matilda, WB)IBut how dreadful!(Bertha, B)IIt is all so dreadful. (Josephine, DL C,5)IStop!Stop! This is awful. This is dreadful. What's the matter with you a皿?Think, girls, think of what you're singing. Use your imaginations.... (Miss Meadows,8乙)IThe food altogether was too appalling.(Marion,1のIBecause I feel so horrid about it,(Anne, D)ICome along.your hoη'id old train is late. (lsabel,ノ 匠躍)IWhat a horrible combination it sounds,(Mrs. Sheridan, σ2)IHow extraordinary! (Rosemary,α)l What(原 文 イ タ リ ッ ク)is that extraordinary smell? (Marie's mother,配8)IDon't be so extravagant. (Jose, C1「)IReally monstrou∫! (Mrs. Bowley, C,2)ICf. Who is the mon∫ter,
child? (Mrs. B1㎞ber, DS,12)/Iam sure I am ashamed to see Mr. Clennam,11㎜amere
∫㎏ 玩,1㎞ow he,皿find me fearfully changed, ...(Flora, L1),1,13)/Have I lived to this day to be called a fright!(Miss Knag,ハ ηV,18)
女 性 愛 用 の 形 容 詞 に 次 の よ う な も の が あ る 。 (Yuel Isabel!Do let me smell it! (Moira,
溜)Iyou absurd creature!(Rosemary, c7)l Oh, you,ve run a hairp㎞right血to your wife,s head-you naughty boy!(Elsa, AB)
は げ し い 感 情 の 発 露 に ま か せ て 思 い つ く か ぎ り の 形 容 詞 を 羅 列 し て ゆ く の も 女 性 語 の 特 徴 で あ ろ う 。
Your're a scolding, unjust, abusive, aggravat一 加8;bad old creature!'(Be皿a,0盟7, III,15)IA nasty, ungrateful, pig-headed, brutish,0わ5∫ ム nate, sneaking dog。 What does he mean by that?(Mrs. Squeers,NN,13)
次 は 副 詞 の 例 。
Those ridiculous points would have been smoothed away by the money, for I love money, and want money-want it dreadfully. Ihate to be poor, and we are degradingly poor, offensively poor, miserably poor, beastly poor. (Bella, OMF,1,4)
日 本 語 で 「大 変,非 常 に 」 の 意 味 合 い で 「ス ゴ ク お と な し い 」,「 オ ソ ロ シ ク 可 愛 い .」 の よ う な 感 情 的 色 彩 の 濃 い 表 現 が あ る 。 英 語 に お け る 女 性 語 に は こ の 種 の 表 現 に こ と か か な い 。 Be nice to her. Be frightfully nice to her. Rosemary, C7)IHe was frightfully boring.
(Elsa,.48)IOh, but I do want to be abee 1}な 力埆 偽2.(Kezia, A TB,9)IThe way mother
々4ゆ ∫(原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク)on tf血gs-it gets frightfully on my nerves.(Mrs. Cars丘eld,ハ の)l Mother, isn't it rea皿y terribly heartless of us? (Laura,(翠)IDarling, I want to ask you some・ thing fearfuめ ノ㎞portant.(Fanny, H)IWhy do you n血d so few:ノ むめ2?(Anne,D)1Even at this
moment, when one would think one really would be solemn, your tie reminds meノ 乙び プン∼か of the bow・tie that cats wear㎞pictures1 伽 の
5
4 o
レ , b SO,認 助 の 強 意 語 も 女 性 の 愛 用 す る と こ ろ で あ る 。veryが 「大 変,非 常 に 」 で あ れ ば, SO, suchは 「と っ て も 」 に 相 当 し よ う 。
Don't turn up the light for a moment. It is so lovely.(Miss Fulton,8)IDo(原 文 イ タ リ ッ ク)stop crying. It's so exhausting.(Rosemary, α)IBut you must not miss the last train. That,s so awful, isn,t it? (Bertha,β)IIt (=sleeping)'S SO(原 文 イ タ リ ッ ク)wonderful. One s㎞ply shuts one,s eyes, that,S all. It,S SO
(原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク)delicious.(Moira,醐
男 性 で も 文 学 ・芸 術 肌 の 者 はSOを 好 む よ う だ 。 It'S SO(原 文 イ タ リ ッ ク)wonderful. In the
last Anthology. Have you got a copy?1'd so(原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク)like to show(原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク)it to you. It begins with an incredibly(原 文 イ タ リ
ッ ク)beautiful line:`Why Must it Always be Tomato Soup?'(Warren,B)
Your little grand-daughter,s in such a beauti・ ful sleep.(the stewardess,レF)IIhave never seen you look such a picture. (Mrs. Sheridan,(刀P)
IOh, Kezia!Why are you such a messy child!
(Be】ryl,、47:B,3)IWhen I was with Lady Tukes, she had such a dainty little contrayvance for the buttah.(Nurse Andrews, DLC;2)IAnd I
have such a time with her after!(Nanny,β)
女 性 の 強 い 感 情 の 表 出 はSO,餌 酌 で は 満 足 で き ず,ほ か の 強 意 語 の 併 用 を 促 す 。
It,s so awfully absurd-and it's so madden-ing, William.(lsabel,ル 例)IPIease!Please don't be so dreadfully stuffy and-tragic.(乃id.)I You look so dreadfully cold.(Rosemary, C7)I We are∫O dreadfully arti丘cia1.(Mrs. Skewton, 1)3,21)IIalways had the idea you were so frightfully keen on the future of women. (Betty,7ン1) 1...Why! Why! Why is the middle・class so stodgy-so utterly without a sense of humour1(Mrs. Knight,1})IBut I've always hea【d they(=eggs)are considered so very expensive. (Constantia, 1)L C, 10) I
They're such awfully nice men.(Laura, GP) 強 調 の 助 動 詞 とSOが 併 用 さ れ た 例 。
It makes me feel so silly. It makes me want to laugh. Ido look so absurd. (Miss Brittle, RP1))IOh, Mr. Peacock, I do enjoy them so
much.侮 の
強 意 語 の 過 剰 使 用 は 女 性 語.の 特 徴 。
Oh, fruit!Wise William!Amelon and a pine・apple. How too nice!(too=(colloq.)very, exceedingly)(lsabel,ル 伽)IOh yes!Wasn,t that too absolutely creamy? (Mrs. Knight,β)I Thank you, Mary. How very nice! (Miss Meadows,躍8)IIthought then how very:much he'd appreciate a top・hat.(Constantia,」 肌 ご,1)
女 性 は さ ほ ど 強 意 語 の 使 用 を 必 要 と し な い 時 (
3) で も 強 意 語(相 当 語 句)を 頻 用 す る 傾 向 が あ る 。
And I hope I should have㎞proved, being very anxious to learn, and he very patient to teach, if the great misfortune of his death一 (Clara,1)C,1)IIbelieve this does happen very, very rarely between women.(Bertha,β)IMr.
Copperfield was very㎞d to me, and took a great deal of notice of me, and paid me a good
deal of attention, and at last proposed to me. (Clara, DC,1)
自 分 の 陳 述 を 強 調 す るreally, surely, certainly, exactly, perfectly, absolutelyも 女 性 に 頻 用 さ れ る 。 た だ 過 度 の 使 用 は 自 分 の 陳 述 を 弱 め る 結 果 に な る 。
Doctor Malcolm, do you really like my dress? (Helen,ハ の)IDo you feel that you really㎞ow me now?But really, really㎞ow me(原 文 イ タ リ ッ ク)?(Fanny,正1)II'm so sorry to be laughing like this. I don't㎞ow why I do. It's just a bad ha-habit. I really must conquer It, It's too absurd. (Anne, D) I I really sha皿 have to see Dr. Malc(Am about her stuttering, if orily to give her a good fright.(Mrs. Carsfield, ND)IWhat we've got to decide now, however, is whether we really do trust Kate or not. (Josephine,1)LC,10)IReally,it's a sin for you to wear clothes, my dear.(Mrs. Kember,ATB,
5) IIpicked her up in Curzon Street. Really。 She's a real pick・up.(Rosemary,(:7)IDo you 蜘(we could ask Kate for two cups ofhot
water? (Josephine)Ireally dolt see why we
shouldn't. (Co:istantia,1)LC,7)IMy dear Ethel, if father prefers to tire himself out, I really don't see what business of ours it is to interfere. (Marion,1}りIThe passion.fruit ices really are rather special. (】しaura, α 「) I Oh,
please, you mustn't be frightened, you mustn't, really.(Rosemary,α)IOh, please do let me.
Iwant to, really・(lsabel,」 協 のISurelyアou must see that, it,s so s㎞ple.(Anne,D)IWhere
is Harold?(Charlotte)He's certainly not here, mother.(Ethel, IF)IFather certainly doesn't want any cooking now whatever else 一 (Constantia, DL C,10)IIt,s her fU・fur which is
so funny. It'S exacめ11ike a fried whiting.(the girl,ル 佃)IWhat is it exacめ, that I want, Har】y? (the girl, TR) I That is perfectly true. (Con。 stantia, DLC, 10) 1 ]Let's send that poor creature some of this perfectly good food. , (Mrs. Sberidan,(翠)II'皿take a taxi and come along as quick且y as I can, but get dinner put back ten m㎞utes-w皿1 you? All right? (Harry)Yes, perfectly. Oh, Harry!(Bertha,β) ICf. Let us stay here-where we are-at this little table. It's perfect, and the sea is perfect.(Fanny,ノ7)/Aperfect idiot1 Imagine leaving anything on the line in weather like this . (Marie,s mother, 昭) I I don't think it,s absolutely necessary.(Josephine,尻 ご,1)
む や み とquite,ル3', simply, too'←very}, indeed, possibly の よ う な 副 詞 を 多 用 す る の も 女 性 語 の 特 徴 で あ ろ う 。
You are quite wrong about her、(Bertha,β) IIt,s quite all right.(Rosemary, CT)IIt was quite a gayme.(Nurse Andrews,1兀C,2)II'm
so sorry to be laughing like this. I don't㎞ow why I do. It's/ust a bad ha・habit.(Anne,D)l What if I just won't? (Kezia, ATB,7)II. thought I should just say this afternoon,... (Josephine, DL C,2)II'm every bit as sorry about it as you. Ifeel just as sympathetic.
(」・se, GP)Ilhaven't the slightest idea. l never have-1ε4∫t let things occur. (Elsa,,48)IIt
*as simply marve皿ous.(Laura, GP)40h, what
Abore! Simply everything is runni【ig down the steep cliffs into the sea, beginning with the butter。(lsabel,ル 側)IIsimply took her home with me.(Rosemary, C7)INow my best little
Tene聞b・work teacloth is simply in ribbons. (Marie's mother,四8)II'm too happy-too happy!(Bertha,β)IIreally must conquer it l= the habit of laughing),it,s too absurd. (Anne, D)IListen, it's too marvellous. A love4etter!
(lsabel,ルaのIMy dear1 aren't they too like frogs for words?(Kitty,α 『)IThe flowers were too marvellous.(Miss'Brittle, R21))IIdeclare it's a very hard case indeed, and I am a most unfortunate girl.(Bella, OMF,1,4)IIcouldn't possibly marry a man I laughed at.(Anne,1))l
But we can't possibly have a garden party with aman dead just outside the front gate.(Laura, GP)
女 性 ら し さ を 強 調 し た 副 詞 に 次 の よ う な も の が あ る 。
It is a nice style, isn't it? (Mrs. Stubbs) Sweetly.(Alice,」 凹,8)IMy Lady is loo㎞g charmingly well.(Mrs. Rouncewell,朋,12)I My dear D(とmbey, how charmingly these people have carried out every idea that we hinted. (Mrs. Skewton, Z)5,35)IYour little child wi皿
thrive channingly with your sister Jemima, Richards,(Mrs. Chick,1)3,2)lCf. You came through them charmingly,Sir! (Dr. C畑 五P, DC,59)!She is so charmingly ugly.(Maldon, 1)(:',36)IIt suits you beautifully. (Rosabel,
7:R)IAnd it'll fit beautifully.(Mrs. Chick,1)5, 2)IThey look beau tifully light and feathery, I must say.(Jose, GP)IIlove h㎞because his eyes are so big and his hair waves and he dances divinely. (Lisette)(S. Maugham, Appearance and Reality)IYou,re marvellous)ソunselfish and ...and㎞d and simple.(Anne,D)
to love[hate]+不 定 詞 ま た は 動 名 詞, would love toは 女 性 の 好 む 表 現 。
We love to have other people with us some・ times.(Betty, TA)lCf. Good heavens, Anne,1
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love to hear you laughing! (Reggie, D)II'11 come with you into the hall. I loved having you. (Bertha, B)IThey,11 hate missing you. (Isabel,・ 韻f)IIwould! Iwould love to tear her,1㎞b from limb.(Mademoise皿e Hortense, 朋,54)
感 情 の 起 伏 の は げ し い 女 性 の こ と ば に はto adore[hate/loathe],t・be shocked[terrified ,] の よ う な 動 詞 が み う け ら れ る。
He adores me. (Lisette)(S. Maugham, Appearance and Reality)IYou're a monster, and I hate you.(Mrs. Leaver, SB, Sketches of Young (わ μP1θ3) 1・(1)」乙oathe it (=the cold). (Vera, 1)P) I I shah,t be shocked like those other n㎞ies.(Mars. Kember,4凹,5)II'm
terrified of her this morning.(Mrs. Sheridan, GP) 女 性 の 話 し 方 の 抑 揚 は 男 性 の そ れ に 比 べ る と は げ し く,ア ク セ ン ト も 誇 張 さ れ た も の が 多 い が,母 音 を の ば し た り,各 音 節 間 に ハ イ フ ン を お き ゆ っ く り 力 を 入 れ て 発 音 す る の も 女 性 の 好 む と こ ろ で あ る 。 い ず れ の 場 合 も 感 情 的 色 彩 を 帯 び る 。10-ok[lu:k]は 「み て 一 」, aw-awful [6:6:ful]は 「こ 一 こ わ 一 い 」 に 相 当 し よ う か 。 Lo-ok, Mr. Hammond! She←the ship)'s
moving! (Little Jean,5)IWhy do you look so aw・awful?(Anne,1))IMatilda. Matilda. Come back im・me-diately!(Matilda's mother,配8)l On the con・trary(原 文 ちイ タ リ ッ ク), darling. I thinkit was most sensible.(Linda, A TB,11)
同 語 反 復,最 上 級 の 使 用 は 感 情 的 表 現 を 愛 好 す る 女 性 語 に 多 い 。
She's wonderful, wonderful.(Bertha, B)I You're vile, vile.(Beryl, A TB,12)IMine are the palest, palest mushroom colour.(Moira, Mlle I I'm the most awful character.(Anne,1))
IIsay, suppose we go and have tea at the place where the lobsters grow. Would you like to? (George)ル 旋)5∫の 励 め へ(Fanny,ノ ノ)
概 し て'what, howを 用 い る 感 嘆 文 は 男 性 よ り 女 性 の こ と ば に 多 く,か つhow・ よ りwhat が よ く 使 わ れ る(a)O
How thoughtful of you, Doctor! (Mrs.
Carsfield's mother,ハ の)IGood heavens, how thoughtless I am!(Rosemary, C7)IGracious, father!What a frightyou gave me!(Lola, IF)I Oh, what a fright .you gave me!(Mrs. Sheridan, α 「)IWhy, what a&inta(諏 μ∫! (Elsa, AB)l Oh, what a bore! (lsabel,ル 伽)IOh, what a bother!てJosephine,1)L(:',2)IOh, what non・ sense, Con!(耐.,1)IWhat a weight1 Let me carry it! To the gate. (lsabel, MM)IWhat a perfect morning!(Old Mrs. Fairfield, A TB,3)l
Ah, May 1 Dear, dear, what changes!To talk of those merry school・days makes one young again.(Mrs. Peeryb血gle,(.'H,2)IWhy, Caleb!
what a question!(14.,1)IWhat a mind!(Mrs. Markleham,1)C,45)
The idea(ガ ∼ 加8!Fancy∼!も 女 性 の 好 む 感 嘆 文 。
The idea of a girl with a really fine head of hair, having to do it by one flat candle and・a
few inches of loo㎞g-glass!(Bella, OMF,1,4)I But the idea, Amy, of you(原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク) coming behind! (Fanny, LL),1,20)IOh, papa, ル 鷹 ッ being married to Stanley Burne皿!
(Linda, A TB,6)IFancy that!May I take it ←green cashmere) out, Doctor? (Mrs. Carsfield's mother,ハ の)
whatever, howeverは`what',`how"の 強 意 形 と し て 女 性 に 愛 用 さ れ る 。
Whatever are you go㎞g to do with it? (Kezia, A TB,4)1(1)Forgive you? But what・ ever for? (Linda, A TB,11)IJose!however are we going to stop everything?(Laura,(7P)
次 例 の よ う にhowとeverが 分 離 し た も の が あ る 。
But, grandma, how ever will you get up there? (Fenella,レ)ICf. Do you think father would mind if we gave his top-hat to the por・ ter? (Constantia) The porter? Why ever the porter? What a very extraordinary idea! (Josephine,1)LC,1)!It's ever such a fine face. (Alice, ATB,8)/Nobody ever ordered so many.(Laura, GP)
Why the dickens didn't the fe皿ow stick to his part of the sea? (Stanley, A TB,2)
驚 き ・当 惑 ・焦 燥 を 表 わ す 女 性 愛 用 の 間 投 詞 に 次 の よ う な も の が あ る 。
Gracious, father1 What a fright you gave me!(Lola, IF)1'Gracious!What,s the matter,
sir!(Mrs. Boffin, OMF,1,9)IGood gracious me, Peggotty, what a nonsensical woman you
are 1(Clara, DC,8)IOh, heavens-this wind! (Marie's mother,躍8)IGood heavens, how thoughtless I am!(Rosemarty, C7)'1ル 〔y!Only t1血k!1)o(原 文,イ タ リ ッ ク)tell!(Mrs. Hominy, ノレfご,22) 1ル 〔ン!ain't I there? (〃.,23)IMy! What is this?1 (厄.,34) I CL Good Lord!
(George,月)
次 の よ う な 誇 張 的 な 表 現 は,女 性 独 特 の も の 。 Doctor Malcolm, do you rea皿y like my dress?(Helen)Of couse I do, my lady. Don,t you? (Malcolm) Oh yes,1,d like to be born and die in it. But it was such a fuss-tryings on, you㎞ow, and pullings, and`don'is., I believe mother would kill me if it got hurt. I even㎞elt on my petticoat all through church because of dust o!i the hassock.(Helen,ハ の)
最:後 に 男 こ と ば を 簡 単 に 記 し て お く 。 男 こ と ば は 直 接 的 で 荒 っ ぽ い 。 女 性 が 依 頼 疑 問 の 形 を
と る と こ ろ を,男 性 は 裸 の 命 令 文 を 用 い る 。
Show me into the drawing-room.(Doctor Malco㎞,ハ の)IBring my tea into the smo㎞9・ room.'(Kezia's father, LG)ICf. Mother, if you've丘nished that frock, would you go into
the kitchen and heat up some coffee, and perhaps cut a plate of ham? (Mrs. Cars丘eld, ハの) 一 般 に 女 性 が 標 準 語 を 用 い る の に 対 し て,男 性 は 粗 野 な 言 い 回 し や 新 奇 な 俗 語 ・ 口 語 表 現 を 好 む 。 1've had the hell ofaday.(Bume11,ATB,11) IL)ashed annoying?』(Hammond,5)IYou've
got such a damned pretty little丘gure.(Harry, 1:R)11)amned elegant the way she manages her sleigh! (Victor, AB) I Those damned green dresses.(Doctor Malcolm,ハ の)IYou make me soか げ珍η7α1リノproud-dearest, that I。 ・・Itell you!(Victor, AB)IYou're rotten to the core
and so am I. But you're heathenishly beautiful・ (Max, Id.)IMy word, Laura! You do look stunning (=splendid). What an absolutely
top-ping (=excellent)hat!(Laurie,(孤P) I Topping vi皿a. (George,」 の I I say, it is ripping (=splendid).(lbid.)IThey are loo㎞9 top一
ηo∫c乃θr59 to・day-the two young ladies. (Doctor Malcohn,湿))IWell,ぬ の,θ αgoσ' (=try・)opening this one. (lbid.)
注
1) 南 和 子,「 女 性 の 英 語 」(光 文 社,1978),P.38.
2)小 西 友 七,『 時 事 英 語 文 法 」(新 日 本 文 ㈱ 大 学 社,
1968),P.81
3)Cf. G.L. Brook, Varieties of English(Ma㎝illan,
1973),p.46.
4)小 西 友 七,「 時 事 英 語 文 法 」,p.6.
5)Cf. top-notch, adj・Colloq. first-rate(The
、4摺εr'cαπ α)〃ege l)ictionary)
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