ኳᩥᩍ⫱ ᖺ ᭶ྕ㸦9RO1R㸧 ᜏᫍኳᩥᏛࡢ※ὶ࠙ࠚ
ᜏᫍศගࡢ㛤ᖥᮇ ࡑࡢ
ᑠᬽᬛ୍㸦ඖி㒔Ꮫ㸧
/HZLV0RUULV5XWKHUIXUG ⏕࠸❧ࡕࡽ࣐ࢳࣗኳᩥᐙ
1856 ᖺ ࡢ ⛅ ࠊ ࢽ ࣗ ࣮ ࣚ ࣮ ࢡ 㑹 እ ࡢ
Rutherfurdᐙ࡛ࡣᗞඛ᪂ࡋ࠸ኳᩥྎࡀᡂ
ࡋࡓࠋ
Rutherfurd ࡣࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᅾఫࡢࠊᘚㆤ
ኈࡽ㌿㌟ࡋࡓ࣐ࢳࣗኳᩥᐙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඃ ࢀࡓᕤᏛⓗࢭࣥࢫࢆࡶࡕኳᩥ࡛ࡣ┿ほ
ศගほ ࡞࡛ࠊ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࠾ࡅࡿWilliam
Hugginsఝࡓᙺࢆ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ᯝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᙼࡢ⏕ᾭࡣྠ௦ே࡛῝࠸ぶࡢ࠶ࡗ ࡓ John K. Rees (1906) Benjamin A.
Gould (1895)ࡢ㏣ᅇ㘓ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ㊊㊧
ࢆ㎺ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ[96][97]ࠋRees ࡣࢥࣟࣥ
ࣅᏛኳᩥྎ㛗㸦⨨ኳᩥᏛ㸧࡛ࠊࡇࡢኳ
ᩥྎ࡛ࡣ Rutherfurd ࡢᙳࡋࡓᫍ㔝┿ࡢ
ゎ ᯒ ࡁ ࡃ ྲྀ ࡾ ⤌ ࢇ ࡛ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊRutherfurd
ࡣ῝࠸㛵ಀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊGould ࡣ࣓ࣜ
࢝ ἢ ᓊ ㄪ ᰝ ᡤ ᡤ 㛗 ࡢ ᚋ ࠊ ࣝ ࢮ ࣥ ࢳ ࣥ ࡢ
Cordoba ኳᩥྎ㛗࡞ࡾࠊRutherfurd ࡢᮃ 㐲㙾ࢆ⏝࠸࡚༡ኳࡢᜏᫍ┠㘓ࡢసᡂ㈉⊩ࡋ
ࡓࠋᙼࡣ1849ᖺ Astronomical Journal ㄅ
ࢆหࡋࡓࡀࠊ1861ᖺࠊ༡ᡓதࡼࡗ࡚ఇ
หࢆవ࡞ࡃࡉࢀࠊࡋࡶ Cordoba ࡛ࡢ
ົࡀ㛗ࡗࡓࡓࡵหࡋࡓࡢࡣ 1885 ᖺ
࣓ࣜ࢝ᖐᅜࡋࡓᚋ (Vol. 7, 1888) ࠸࠺
⤒Ṕࡶ࠶ࡿࠋGouldࡣࡲࡓ㖟Ἑ⣔ࡢつᶍᵓ
㐀࡛ࢢ࣮ࣝࢻ࣋ࣝࢺࡢⓎぢ࡛ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Gould, Rees ࡢㄽᩥࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤRutherfurd
ࡢᴗ⦼ࡀᘬ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣᫍࡢ
┿ほ ࡢᡂᯝࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࠋRutherfurd
ㄽ ᩥ ࡣ American Journal of Science and
Artsㄅᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ ADS ࡞࡛ࢡࢭ
ࢫ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᾭࡸᴗ⦼ࡣୖグ2ேࡢ
ᅇ㘓ㄽᩥࡼࡗ࡚㎺ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
Rutherfurdࡣ 1816ᖺ 11᭶ 25᪥ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗ
࣮ࣚࢡᕞࡢ Morrisania㸦⌧ᅾࡣࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚ
ࢡᕷࡢ୍㒊㸧࡛⏕ࡲࢀࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ྡ㛛ࡢ⾑ࢆ
ᘬ ࡁ ⥅ ࠸ ࡛ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ∗ ࡣ Robert Walter
Rutherfurd࠸࠸ࠊ♽∗ࡢ John Rutherfurd
ࡣ1791 – 1798ᖺྜ⾗ᅜୖ㝔㆟ဨࢆົࡵࡓࠋ
ẕ ࡣ Sabina Elliot Morris ࡛ ࡑ ࡢ ♽ ∗ ࡢ
Lewis Morris ࡣ ྜ ⾗ ᅜ ࡢ ⊂ ❧ ᐉ ゝ (1776)
⨫ྡࡋࡓ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋRutherfurdࡣࡑࡢྡ
ࢆẕ᪉ࡢ᭮♽∗ࡽ㈔ࡗ࡚ Lewis Morris
ྡ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋ
1831ᖺ 15ᡯ࡛࣒࣭࢘ࣜࣕ࢝ࣞࢵࢪධ
Ꮫࠊἲᚊᑓᨷ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ≀⌮ᐇ㦂⯆ࢆ ࡶࡕࠊ≀⌮ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣᐇ㦂⨨ࡢ〇సࢆᡭఏ
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺⤒Ṕࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ18ᡯ࡛༞ᴗࡍࡿ
2ᖺ㛫ࠊἲᚊᐇົࡢ◊ಟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᚋࠊࢽࣗ
࣮࣮ࣚࢡࡢἲᚊົᡤ࡛ᘚㆤኈࡋ࡚ാࡃࡼ ࠺࡞ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢవᬤࡣᏛᐇ㦂ኳ ᩥほ 㐣ࡈࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ
1841 ᖺ ࠊ ࣐ ࣮ ࢞ ࣞ ࢵ ࢺ ࣭ ࢳ ࣕ ࣥ ࣛ ࣮
(Margaret S. Chanler) ⤖፧ࡍࡿࠋᙼዪࡶ ྡ㛛ࡢฟ࡛ࠊ⏕ᾭࡢࡼࡁక࡞ࡿࠋ⤖፧ᚋ
ࡣࡉࡽኳᩥࡢᚿྥࢆᙉࡵࠊ1849ᖺࠊࡘ࠸
ᘚㆤኈࢆᗫᴗࡋ࡚ኳయほ ᑓᛕࡍࡿࡇ
࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ࣐࣮࢞ࣞࢵࢺኵேࡢ≀ᚰ ୧㠃ࡽࡢᨭ࠼ࡀࡁ࡞ຊ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࡇࡢࡇࢁ࣐࣮࢞ࣞࢵࢺࡢᗣࡀඃࢀࡎࠊ
་ᖌࡽ㌿ᆅࢆ່ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ2 ேࡣ
ᙼዪࡢ⒪㣴ࢆࡡ࡚࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃΏࡿࠋࡑ ࡋ࡚ᩘᖺ㛫ࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊࢻࢶࠊࢱࣜࢆ ゼࡡࡿࡀࢱࣜᅾ୰ࡣࣇࣞࣥࢶ࢙ࡢ≀
⌮Ꮫ࠾ࡼࡧ⮬↛ྐ༤≀㤋ࡢGiovanni Batista
ኳᩥᩍ⫱ ᖺ ᭶ྕ㸦9RO1R㸧
ࣥࢬࡢ〇స࡞ගᏛᢏ⾡ࡢ⩦ᚓ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ
ᖐᅜᚋࠊཱྀᚄ 11ࣥࢳ㸦28.5 cm㸧ᒅᢡᮃ
㐲㙾Ꮚ༗ࢆ〇సࡋࠊᐙࡢᗞኳᩥྎᘓタ ࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᒅᢡᮃ㐲㙾ࡣᙼࡢᣦᑟࡢୗ
Henry Fitz ࡼࡗ࡚〇సࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࣇ
ࢵࢶᮃ㐲㙾ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊᙼࡀ᭱ ึྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࡢࡣᏊ༗ࡼࡿ⤒ᗘほ ࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᙼࡢᢏ⾡ຊࢆάࡋ࡚〇సࡉࢀࡓᏊ
༗ࡣ ᐃ⢭ᗘࡀ༟㉺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࣜ
࢝ἢᓊㄪᰝᡤ (Coastal Survey) ࡽὀ┠ࡉ
ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡀዎᶵ࡞ࡗ࡚ᡤ㛗ࡢGould
▱ᕫ࡞ࡾࠊ⏕ᾭࡢࡀጞࡲࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚1856ᖺ⛅Rutherfurd㑰ࡢᗞ ᪂ࡋ࠸ኳᩥྎࡀᡂࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢኳᩥྎࡢᏊ༗ 㤋ࡣࡲࡶ࡞ࡃ࣓ࣜ࢝ἢᓊㄪᰝᡤ⤒ᗘ ᐃᇶ ᆅᒁࡢ㸯ࡘᣦᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⤒ᗘほ ࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ㡭ࠊἢᓊㄪᰝᡤࡣ
࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆึࡵ࡚↓⥺㏻ಙ࡛ࡘ ࡞࠸࡛⤒ᗘ ᐃ⢭ᗘࢆ㣕㌍ⓗྥୖࡉࡏࡓࡇ
࡛ ࡶ ▱ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡋ ࡋ ࠊRutherfurd
ࡣ⤒ᗘほ ࡀ㡰ㄪ㐍ࡴࡢࢆ☜ࡵࡓᚋࠊほ
ࡣᇶᆅᒁࡢே௵ࡏࠊ1858ᖺࡽࡣḟࡢ
ࡋ࡚ኳయ┿⾡ࡢᨵⰋྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࠋࡑࡢ
ᖺࡢ6᭶ࠊࣇࢵࢶᮃ㐲㙾ྲྀࡾࡅࡓ┿
ࡼࡗ࡚‶᭶ࡢᙳᡂຌࡋୡ㛫ࡢヰ㢟
࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ᭶㠃㍤ᗘࡢ⃰ῐࢆ⿵ṇࡍࡿࢢ ࣛࢹ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ᪉ἲࢆࡋࡓࡓࡵ࠸ࢃࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ┿ࡣୡ㛫ⓗࡣRutherfurd ࡢ
௦⾲ⓗ࡞࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ1860ᖺࠊ
࢝ࢼࢲ㎶ࡢࣛࣈࣛࢻ࣮࡛ࣝⓙ᪤᪥㣗ࡀ࠶ࡗ ࡓࡁࠊSecchi (1852)[64]ྠࡌࡼ࠺ኴ㝧 ᭶ࡢྠ┿ᙳࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ᭶ࡢ⦕ࡀࢩ࣮ࣕ ࣉ࡞ቃ⏺ࢆసࡿࡢᑐࡋࠊኴ㝧ീ࡛ࡣ⦕ࡀࡰ
ࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୧ኳయࡢᵓᡂࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ᫂☜♧ࡋ ࡓࠋࡲࡔ‵ᘧᯈ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇࡢ㡭ࡽ ḟ➨㩭᫂࡞⏬ീࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
1861 ᖺࡣ࢝ࢭࢢࣞࣥᑕᮃ㐲㙾㸦ཱྀᚄ
13ࣥࢳ(33 cm), ↔Ⅼ㊥㞳 240 cm㸧ࡢヨస ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡶࣇࢵࢶࡼࡗ࡚〇 సࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࣓ࢵ࢟ᢏ⾡ࡀࡲࡔ༑ ศ࡛࡞ࡗࡓୖࠊࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷෆࡢሻᇕ࡞
ࡼࡾࠊ10᪥ࡈ࣓ࢵ࢟ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉ࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓ≧ἣ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࠊᙼࡣ
ヨసࢆࢃࡎ3ࣨ᭶࡛࠶ࡁࡽࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅗ 5XWKHUIXUG⫝̸ീ
:HE 6PLWKVRQLDQ ,QVWLWXWLRQ /LEUDULHV 'LJLWDO&ROOHFWLRQ ࡼࡾ㌿㍕
ᜏᫍศගほ
Rutherfurd ࡢ ᜏ ᫍ ศ ග ࡢ 㛵ᚰ ࡣ 1861
ᖺࡢ12᭶ேࡢDr. W. B. Gibbsࡢヰ
ጞࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢࡁ Gibbsࡣ Fraunhoferࡀ
༙ୡ⣖㏆ࡃ๓ኴ㝧ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ୰ከᩘࡢᬯ ⥺ࢆⓎぢࡋࡓࡇࢆ⤂ࡋࠊᙼᫍࡘ࠸࡚ ࡑࡢࡢ⥆ࡁࢆࡸࡗ࡚ぢ࡞࠸⸀ࡵࡓࠋ
ኳᩥᩍ⫱ ᖺ ᭶ྕ㸦9RO1R㸧
⾲ 5 Rutherfurdࡢศගศ㢮[97]
--- ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝⰍ ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᫍ
--- 1 ኴ㝧ఝࡓከᩘࡢ྾⥺ࣂࣥࢻ Capella, șGem, Ori, ࢆ♧ࡍࠋⰍࡣ㉥ࡲࡓࡣ㯤㔠Ⰽࠋ ȚLeo, șPeg, Arcturus 2 ኴ㝧␗࡞ࡗࡓከᩘࡢ⥺ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ Sirius
ࢆ♧ࡍࠋⓑⰍᫍ
3 ⥺ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸ⓑⰍᫍ Vir, Rigel
---
ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢศගჾࡢ≉Ⰽࡣ᭱ึࡽ┿ ほ ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡓⅬ࠶ࡿࠋศගჾࡣࣇ ࢵࢶᮃ㐲㙾ࡢ᥋║㒊ྲྀࡾࡅࡽࢀࠊ⟄ࣞ
ࣥࢬ࡛ᖜࡅࡉࢀࡓ㩭᫂࡞ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡀᚓࡽ ࢀࡓࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ 1862 ᖺ࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼศගほ ࢆ㛤
ጞࡋࠊࡑࡢ➨1ሗࡣ⩣ᖺ1᭶Amer. J. Sci.
Artsㄅᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ[98]ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝
࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠࡌ 1863 ᖺ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡣ⊂
❧ᜏᫍศගࡢ௦ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᖺᙼ
ࡣ 3ࡘࡢㄽᩥࢆබหࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ➨㸯ㄽᩥࡣGibbsࡢヰࡽࡣࡌࡲ
ࡿศගほ ࡢືᶵࠊࡑࢀᚲせ࡞ࣉࣜࢬ ࣒ศගჾࡢ〇సᐇ㦂ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ㏙ࡢᚋࠊほ ⤖ᯝࢆ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋほ ࡣኴ㝧ࠊ᭶ࠊᮌᫍࠊ
ⅆᫍࡢ 17 ಶࡢᜏᫍࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
࠺ࡕࠊᮌᫍࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㉥እᐤࡾ ᩘᮏࡢᮍ▱ࡢࣂࣥࢻࢆ᳨ฟࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣ
1932ᖺ࡞ࡗ࡚࣓ࢱࣥ㸦CH4㸧ࠊࣥࣔࢽ
㸦NH3㸧ྠᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ
Rutherfurdࡣ࠸ࡲ࡛ࡶᮌᫍศගࡢࣃ࢜ࢽ
ࡶࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ[99]ࠋ
ᜏᫍࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆጞࡵ࡚ぢࡓࡁࠊࡑࡢ ከᵝᛶࡁ࡞༳㇟ࢆཷࡅࠊ
ࠕᫍࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࡣࡁ࡞ࣂ࢚ࣛࢸࢆ♧
ࡍࡢ࡛ࡑࢀࢆศ㢮ࡍࡿࡢࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡢࡇࢁࠊ⚾ࡣᫍࢆኴ㝧ࠊࢩࣜ࢘ࢫࠊࢫࣆ
࢝࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࡅ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ
࠸ࠋࠖ
㏙࡚⾲5ࡢࡼ࠺3ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋ
⌧௦ⓗぢࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ 1ࡣᬌᮇᆺᫍࠊࢢ
࣮ࣝࣉ2ࡣ Aᆺ࡛ࣂ࣐࣮ࣝ⥺ࡢᙉ࠸ᫍࠊࢢࣝ
࣮ࣉ3ࡣࣂ࣐࣮ࣝ⥺ࡢᙅ࠸᪩ᮇBᆺᫍࠊࡲ
ࡓ ࡣ ࠊ ྾ ⥺ ࡢ ⣽ ࠸ ㉸ ᕧ ᫍ ࢆ ᣦ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ
Rutherfurd ࡀ⥺ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠸㏙
ࡓࡢࡣศගჾࡢศᩓࡀࡲࡔ༑ศ࡛࡞ࡗࡓ ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄽᩥࡢ୰࡛ᙼࡣ
ࠕ୍ࡘࡢ⪃࠼ࡀ⚾ࢆᤊ࠼࡚ヰࡉ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀ
ࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿᫍࡢᫍࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ᫂ࡿࡉ
࠶ࡿࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊᫍࠎࡣᐇࡣࡑࢀࡒ ࢀࡢඖ⣲⤌ᡂ࡛ࡶ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠋࡋ ࡋࠊࡑ࠺࡞ࡿཎጞᫍ㞼ࡢᆒ୍ᛶᇶ࡙࠸ ࡓᫍ㞼௬ㄝࡣ࠺࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸽ࠖ
Huggins ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ၥࢆ࿊ࡋࡓᚋࠊ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࢆάࡋ࡚ศගჾࢆࡉࡽᨵ Ⰻࡋ࡚ᫍࡢほ ᣮࡳࠊᫍࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࠊ Ⰽࠊ➼⣭ࠊኚගࠊ㐃ᫍ࡞ࡢ㛵㐃ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ
ࡓ࠸ពḧࢆ⇞ࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼࡣࡍࡄศග
ჾࡢᨵⰋࡾฟࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣ 4 ࣨ᭶ᚋ➨2
ㄽᩥࡋ࡚⤖ᐇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
➨ 2ㄽᩥ࡛ࡣศගჾࡢ᧯సᛶࢆᨵⰋࡋࠊࡲ
ࡓࠊࣉࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ẚ㍑⏝ࣛࣥࣉࡢගࡀᫍ ྠど㔝ධࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚Ἴ㛗 ᐃ⢭ᗘ
ࢆୖࡆࠊArcturusࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆゎᯒࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ[100]ࠋࡑࡢࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ୰Fraunhofer⥺
ኳᩥᩍ⫱ ᖺ ᭶ྕ㸦9RO1R㸧
࣌ࢡࢺࣝᑐᛂࡍࡿࡇࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨
1 ㄽᩥ࠶ࢃࡏࠊᙼࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍᫍࡼࡗ࡚
Ꮫ⤌ᡂࡀ␗࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
⥆࠸࡚ྠࡌᖺᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ➨3ㄽᩥ࡛ࡣ⮬
ࡽࡢศගჾࡢᛶ⬟ࢆ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢศ
ගჾẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊගᏛ⣔ࡢほⅬࡽⅬࠊḞ
Ⅼࢆㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ[101]ࠋࡑࢀࡼࢀࡤ⮬ࡽ〇స
ࡋࡓศගჾ࡛ࡣ Kirchhoff ࡢኴ㝧ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ
࣐ࢵࣉẚ㍑ࡋࠊኴ㝧D⥺㸦Ἴ㛗 ~5890ύ㸧
ࡀ㸷ᮏࡢᡂศศࢀࡿᙇࡋࡓࠋࡋࡶࠊ ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ㸳ᮏࡣᆅ⌫Ẽ㉳※࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ ࡋ࡚ࠊศගჾࡢඃࢀࡓᛶ⬟ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Rutherfurdࡣ࡞ࡾ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᑐࡍࡿࣛ
ࣂࣝព㆑ࡀぢ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࣚ
࣮ࣟࢵࣃࡽࡣఱࡢᛂࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋࡢάື
ࡑࢀ௨ᚋࡶ Rutherfurd ࡣᮃ㐲㙾〇సࠊศ
ගჾ┿ᢏ⾡ࡢᨵⰋ࡞ࡋ࡚ᶵჾ㛤Ⓨ ពḧࢆὀ࠸࡛࠸ࡿࠋ
1864ᖺࡣ㸴ಶࡢࣉࣜࢬ࣒ࢆࡶࡘศගჾࢆ
〇 స ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ᙼ ࡣ ࡑ ࡢ 㧗 ࠸ ศ ゎ ⬟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚,
Bunsen and Kirchhoffࡢసᡂࡋࡓኴ㝧ࢫ࣌ࢡ
ࢺ࣐ࣝࢵࣉẚ㍑ࡋ࡚3ಸࡶࡢከᩘࡢ྾⥺
ࢆ᳨ฟࡋࡓሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊඖ⣲ྠᐃࡲ࡛
ࡣ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸[102]ࠋᙼࡢ⯆ࡣᶵᲔ〇సࡢ
ᢏ⾡ⓗഃ㠃㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙼࡢᜏᫍศගࡀ 㛗ࡃ⥆࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡶࡑࡇཎᅉࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
1865ᖺࡣཱྀᚄ11.25ࣥࢳ㸦28 cm㸧↔
Ⅼ㊥㞳 15 ࣇ࣮ࢺ (4.5 m) ࡢᒅᢡᮃ㐲㙾
ࢆ〇సࡋࡓ[103]ࠋࡇࡢᮃ㐲㙾ࡑࡢほ ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣ Gould (1867, 1878)ヲࡋ࠸グ㏙ࡀ࠶ ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⤂ࡋ࡚ぢ
ࡼ࠺[104][105]ࠋ
1) ᑐ≀ࣞࣥࢬࡣⰍᾘࡋ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᚑ
᮶␗࡞ࡿⅬࡣⰍᾘࡋࡀ║ど࡛࡞ࡃࠊ┿ឤ ᗘࢃࡏࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢁ࠶ࡿࠋⰍᾘࡋ᮲
௳ࢆ᥈ࡿࡓࡵ Rutherfurd ࡣࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ
ࡼࡿἼ㛗ศゎᐇ㦂ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚᭱㐺್ࢆồࡵ ࡓ࠸࠺ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࡇࡢᮃ㐲㙾ࡣ┿࡛࠶ࡗ ࡚║ど⏝ࡋ࡚ࡣ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
2) ᮃ㐲㙾ࡣ 9 cm 12 cmࡢᯈࡰ1
ᖹ᪉ᗘࡢど㔝ࢆᣢࡕࠊ┿ࡣ‵ᘧ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ ᙜࡋ࡚ࡣࡶࡗࡶ㩭᫂࡞┿ീࢆᚓ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋࣉࣞࢹࢫࠊࣉࣞࢭ࣌ᫍᅋᑐࡋࠊ4 ศ
ࡢ㟢ฟ࡛ 8.5➼ᫍࡲ࡛ࡢᚤගᫍࡢ᳨ฟᡂຌ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[104]ࠋ
3) ᮃ㐲㙾ᖹ⾜ࡋ࡚〇సࡉࢀࡓ┿ᯈ
⏝ࡢ࣐ࢡ࣓࣮ࣟࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᫍࡢ⨨ࡀ⛊ ゅ༢࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࠊᫍࡢᅛ᭷㐠ືࡸどᕪࡢ ᐃᛂ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ᐇ㝿ࠊGould ࡣࣉࣞࢹࢫᫍᅋࡢ┿ᯈ
ࡢ⨨ ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ 1840 ᖺࡢ Bessel ࡢ
ᐃẚ㍑ࡋࠊ1866 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ 26 ᖺ㛫ࡢ⛣ື
ࡽ Alcyone ࡢ ᅛ ᭷ 㐠 ື ࡋ ࡚ ᖺ ⋡ ㉥ ⤒
+0”.015ࠊ㉥⦋ -0”.048 ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡢᫍࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࣉࣞ ࢹࢫᫍᅋࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ᫍࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㐠
ືࢆ♧ࡋࠊࠕࡇࡢᫍᅋࡀ༢୍ࡢ⣔⤫ⓗ㐠ືࢆ♧
ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࡞࠸ࠖ⤖ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅗ *RXOGࡢ⫝̸ീ
ኳᩥᩍ⫱ ᖺ ᭶ྕ㸦9RO1R㸧
⾲ 6 Rutherfurd ࡼࡗ࡚ᙳࡉࢀࡓኳయ┿ࢿ࢞ᩘ[96] --- ኳయ ࢿ࢞ᯛᩘ ほ ᮇ㛫
--- ኴ㝧ീ 175 ᯛ 1860 – 1874 ᖺ
ኴ㝧ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ 174 1860 – 1874 ᭶ 435 1858 – 1877 ᜏᫍ 664 1858 – 1877
---
Rutherfurd ࡢ┿ᢏ⾡ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᚋ
࡞ࡗ࡚ Rees (1892)ࡶࡇࡢᮇࢆᅇ㢳ࡋࠊ18
60 - 70ᖺ௦ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭱ࡶඃࢀࡓ┿࡛࠶ࡗࡓ
㧗ࡃホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[106]ࠋࡇࡢ 11 ࣥࢳᮃ
㐲㙾ࡣ 1870 ᖺ Gould ࡼࡗ࡚ࣝࢮࣥ ࢳࣥ⛣タࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㍺㏦ࡢ㏵ ୰࡛ᑐ≀ࣞࣥࢬࡀ┿ࢇ୰ࡽ㸰ࡘࢀ࡚ࡋ ࡲ࠺࠸࠺ࣁࣉࢽࣥࢢࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡸࡀ࡚ࠊ᪂
ࡋ࠸ࣞࣥࢬࡀ฿╔ࡋࠊ1871ᖺࣝࢮࣥࢳࣥ
ࡢ୰ኸ㧗ᆅࣛࢸ࣓࡛ࣥࣜ࢝ࡣ᭱ึࡢኳᩥ
ྎࡋ࡚ Cordoba ኳᩥྎࡀ㛤タࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࣝ ࢮ ࣥ ࢳ ࣥ ࡢ ࡁ ࡢ ⤫ 㡿 Domingo F.
Samiento ࡣ⚃㎡ࡢ୰࡛ࠕࡶࡋࠊ⚾ࡀᇶ♏⛉
ᏛࡢⓎᒎࢆᨭᣢࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᩥ᫂ㅖᅜࡢ௰㛫 ධࡾ࠸࠺⌮ᛕࢆᨺᲠࡋࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠖ㏙ ࡚ࣛࢸࣥᅜᐙࡢពẼ㎸ࡳࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚Gouldࡀึ௦ྎ㛗௵ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢኳᩥྎ࡛ࡣ Rutherfurd ࡢᮃ㐲㙾ࡼ
ࡗ࡚༡ኳࡢほ ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࠊ1879ᖺࡣ㸵
ಶࡢᫍࢆྵࡴ Uranometria Argentina ࢆබ
หࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[107]ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࢧ࣮࣋ほ ࡢ
୰࡛Gould ࡣ᫂ࡿ࠸㹀ᆺᫍࡀ㖟Ἑ㠃⣙20o
ࡢഴࡁ࡛ᖏ≧ศᕸࡍࡿࡇࢆⓎぢࡋࡓࠋࡇ
ࢀ ࡣ ⌧ ᅾ ࠊGould Belt ࡤ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ
Uranometria ࡣ ᚋ ᣑ ᙇ ࡉ ࢀ ࠊ ୍ ⯡ ᫍ ⾲
Cordoba Durchmustrung (CoD, 1892 -
1900) ࡋ࡚㡰ḟබหࡉࢀࡿࠋ
1868ᖺࡣ Henry Fitz ࡢඹྠ࡛13
ࣥࢳᒅᢡ㙾ࡀ〇సࡉࢀࠊRutherfurd㑰ࡢኳᩥ
ྎタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊRutherfurd ࡣࡇࡢᮃ㐲
㙾ࡼࡗ࡚┿ほ ᑓᛕࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᮃ㐲㙾
ࡣᑐ≀ࣞࣥࢬࡢእഃ 13 ࣥࢳࡢ⿵ṇࣞࣥ
ࢬࡀࣇ࢛࣮࢝ࣝࣞࢪ࣮ࣗࢧ࣮ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾࡅ
ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚↔Ⅼ
㊥㞳ࡀ15ࣇ࣮ࢺࡽ13ࣇ࣮ࢺ▷⦰ࡉ
ࢀᝨᫍ࠾ࡼࡧᫍ㔝ࡢ┿ほ ጾຊࢆⓎࡍ ࡿࠋ
ࡋࡋࠊ1880ᖺ௦ึᮇࡽᙼࡣḟ➨ᗣ
ࢆᐖࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡇࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࠊࢽ࣮ࣗ ࣮ࣚࢡᕷ⾤ࡢᣑక࠺ගᐖࡢࡓࡵほ ࡀḟ
➨ᅔ㞴࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡞ࡢ⌮⏤࡛ࠊ1883
ᖺࡣࡇࡢᮃ㐲㙾ᙳࡉࢀࡓ┿ࢿ࢞ࡢࡍ ࡚ࡀࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡࡢࢥࣟࣥࣅᏛኳᩥྎ ᐤ㉗ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡁࡢ┿ࢿ࢞ᯛᩘࡣ⾲
6ࡢࡼ࠺1456ᯛ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ[96]ࠋ
Rutherfurd ࡣ⾲ 6 ࡢࡼ࠺✀ࠎࡢኳయࡢ ┿ᙳࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᜏᫍ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣศග┿ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࡣ ᫂ࡽ࡛࡞࠸ࠋᫍ㔝┿ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࢥࣟࣥࣅ
Ꮫኳᩥྎ࡛ᗈ⠊࡞ゎᯒࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ୰
ᚰ࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣH. Jacobi H. S. Davis࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ2ேࡣRutherfurdࡢᜥᏊRutherfurd
Stuyvesantࡢ༠ຊࡼࡗ࡚ࡋ࡚どᕪࢆ୰
ᚰࡋ࡚ ᐃࢆ㐍ࡵࠊከᩘࡢㄽᩥࢆබ⾲ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋRees (1897)ࡢࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ[108]ࡽࡑࡢ ୍㒊ࡢ⾲㢟ࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࠊ
ڧࣉࣞࢹࢫᫍᅋࡢ Rutherfurd ┿ࡢ ᐃ
ኳᩥᩍ⫱ ᖺ ᭶ྕ㸦9RO1R㸧
ڧșCyg ࿘㎶ᫍ㔝ࡢRutherfurd┿ࡢ ᐃ
(Jacob)
ڧRutherfurd ┿ࡢ ᐃࡼࡿȣ࠾ࡼࡧȟ
Cassiopeiaࡢどᕪࡘ࠸࡚ (Jacob)
ڧRutherfurd ┿ࡢ ᐃࡼࡿȞCas ࡢど
ᕪࡘ࠸࡚ (Davis)
ڧRutherfurd┿ࡢ ᐃࡼࡿ 61 Cyg࠾ࡼ ࡧ Bradley 3077ࡢどᕪ (Davis)
ࡑࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡣࢥࣟࣥࣅᏛኳᩥྎ⣖せᥖ㍕ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡔ‵ᘧᯈࡢ௦
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊRutherfurd-Fitz ᮃ㐲㙾ࡣᜏᫍ
ኳᩥᏛࡢⓎᒎࡁࡃᐤࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Rutherfurd ࡣ 1870 ᖺ௦௨ᚋࠊᜏᫍศග ࡣྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ୍᪉࡛ࡣࢢ࣮ࣞࢸ ࣥࢢࡢ㛤Ⓨࡁ࡞ຊࢆὀ࠸࡛࠸ࡿࠋࢫ࣌ ࢡࢺࣝ⥺ࡢἼ㛗 ᐃࢢ࣮ࣞࢸࣥࢢࢆ⏝࠸
ࡓ ࡢ ࡣ Fraunhofer ࡀ ᭱ ึ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ
Rutherfurdࡶࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࢢ
࣮ࣞࢸࣥࢢศගࡢⅬࡣࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝ⥺ࡢ ⨨ࡀἼ㛗ẚࡋἼ㛗 ᐃ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Rutherfurdࡀᫍࡢศගࢆጞࡵࡓ㡭ࠊ᭱Ⰻࡢ
ࢢ࣮ࣞࢸࣥࢢࡣࢻࢶࡢFriedrich Nobert
ࡀ 1850 ᖺ௦〇సࡋࡓ㢧ᚤ㙾⏝ࡢᑠᆺࢢࣞ
࣮ࢸࣥࢢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ⁁ᩘ296 mm-1
࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ〇సἲࡣᴗ⛎ᐦ
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋRutherfurdࡣࡑࡢࡓࡵ➨1Ṍ
ࡽࡑࡢ〇సྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࠋ㏱㐣ᆺࢢ࣮ࣞࢸ ࣥࢢࡋ࡚ࠊ࢞ࣛࢫ⁁ࢆ้ࡴ࣮ࣝࣜࣥࢢ
࣐ࢩࣥࡋ࡚ᙼࡀ⪃ࡋࡓࡢࡣࠊ࣮ࣔࢱ࣮ ࡼࡿࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣗ㥑ືࠊ࢝ࢵࢱ࣮ࡋ࡚ࢲ
ࣖࣔࣥࢻ࣊ࢵࢻࡢ⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1867ᖺ1
ྕᶵࡀ〇సࡉࢀࠊኴ㝧ᫍࡢศග⏝ࡉࢀ ࡓࡀࠊࢢ࣮ࣞࢸࣥࢢ〇సࡣࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࣗࡢ
Ᏻᐃᛶࡸࢲࣖࣔࣥࢻ࣊ࢵࢻࡢᙧ≧ࠊࡑࢀ ᗘไᚚ࡞ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ேࡢᩍᤵRoodࡢ༠ຊࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢᨵၿ
ࡾฟࡋࠊ1875ᖺ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ‶㊊࡛ࡁ
ࡿ㏱㐣ᆺࢢ࣮ࣞࢸࣥࢢࡢ〇సᡂຌࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡣ 16.4 mm 24.5 mmࡢ㠃ୖ 680
mm-1ࡢ⁁ᩘࢆࡶࡕࠊNobertࡢࢢ࣮ࣞࢸࣥ
ࢢࢆ㐶ࡋࡢࡄࡢࡶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ1877ᖺࡣ
㔠ᒓ㠃ୖᑕᆺࢢ࣮ࣞࢸࣥࢢࡶ〇సࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚Rutherfurdࡣࢢ࣮ࣞࢸࣥࢢ
ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊHenry Draperࡶᙼࡢ
ࢢ࣮ࣞࢸࣥࢢ࡛ኴ㝧ࡢศගほ ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࡀ[109]ࠊᙼ⮬㌟ࡣ࡞ࡐࢢ࣮ࣞࢸࣥࢢ
ࡼࡿᜏᫍศගほ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓグ㘓ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
Rutherfurdࡣ 1858ᖺࡽ 1884ᖺࡲ࡛ࠊ ࢥ
Rutherfurd ࡣ≀ᰂࡽ࡛Ẽ๓ࡀࡼࡃࠊ
ୡ⣖ࡢᒅᢡᮃ㐲㙾ࡢᘓタ≧ἣ
ࣟࣥࣅᏛࡢホ㆟ဨࢆົࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊኳᩥ ᆅᏛᩍᐊࡢタ❧ᐤࡋࠊࡲࡓࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝
⛉Ꮫ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡣタ❧ጤဨࡢᮇࡽཧ ຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚⢭ຊⓗࡍࡍࡵࡽࢀࡓ ᙼ ࡢ ࡣ ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࠊ ࣓ ࣜ ࢝ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ
Henry Draper ᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀࠊࡉࡽศගほ
ࡣE. Pickeringࡼࡿ Harvardศගศ㢮
Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋᬌᖺࡢ Rutherfurd ࡣḟ
➨ᗣࢆᦆࡡ࡚ࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤࣇࣟࣜࢲࡸ༡ࣚ ࣮ࣟࢵࣃ࡞ࡢ㌿ᆅ⒪㣴ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ
᭱ᚋࡣ1892ᖺ5᭶ࠊ╀ࡿࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ 76ṓࡢ
⏕ᾭࢆ㛢ࡌࡓࠋGouldࡣ Rutherfurdࡢ30
ᖺࡢࢆᅇ㢳ࡋࠊᙼࡢࡇࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺ㆭ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
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㛤Ⓨ࠾ࡅࡿ⫹ࡉࠊ㎞ᢪᙉࡉྠ ഛࢃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢẼ㉁ࡣ◊✲⪅௰㛫࡛ ࡃ㏄࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡁ࡞⛉Ꮫⓗ่⃭ࡢ※ Ἠࡶ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢⅬࡽゝࡗ࡚ࡶ
ᙼࡣࡍࡄࢀࡓ⤀ኈ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࠖ
ኳᩥᩍ⫱ ᖺ ᭶ྕ㸦9RO1R㸧
ࡇࡇ࡛ᮏ㢟ࡽࡑࢀࡿࡀࠊ1898 ᖺࡢ The
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bservatoryㄅ (Vo. 21, 239) 19ୡ⣖࠾
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ࢺࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡑࢀࢆ═ࡵ࡚ぢࡼ࠺ࠋ
1830ᖺ௦ࡽ1898ᖺࡲ࡛ᘓタࡉࢀࡓᮃ㐲
㙾⥲ᩘࡣ 124ྎ㐩ࡋࠊࡑࡢࢧࢬศᕸࡣ⾲
7ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦15-19ࣥࢳ࡛ +1
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࡇࡢࣜࢫࢺ Rutherfurd ࡢ
ᮃ 㐲 㙾 ࡀ Ḟ ⴠ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ
Rees ࡼࡗ࡚ᣦࡉࢀࡓ㸧ࠋḟࠊࣜࢫࢺ
ࡣ〇సᖺ௦᫂ࡀከ࠸ࡀࠊ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿศ ࡘ࠸࡚ᆺᒅᢡᮃ㐲㙾ࡢ〇సᖺ௦ཱྀᚄࡢศ
ᕸࢆᅗ 21 ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡢᅗࡽᆺᒅᢡ㙾ࡢ
〇సࡀ 1880 ᖺ௦ࡽᛴ㏿ቑࡍࡿᵝᏊࡀ
࠺ࡀࢃࢀࡿࠋࡃࠊ20ࣥࢳࢆ㉺ࡍᆺ
ᒅᢡ㙾ࡣ1880ᖺ௦࡞ࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚ᘓタࡉࢀ
⾲ 7 1898ᖺࡲ࡛ᘓタࡉࢀࡓᒅᢡᮃ㐲㙾
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40 1
30 – 39 6
20 – 29 19
15 – 19 36 +
12 – 14 61
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[6
te
[9
is Morris Rutherfurd, pp.1 – 15.
bs.harvard.edu/full/1
ᩥ ⊩
4] (ᥖ) Secchi, A. 1852, AN, 333, 139-141, Schreiben des Hern Secchi der Sternwar Collegio Romano an den Herausgeber.
(ึᮇࡢ᪥㣗┿ほ 㛵ࡍࡿྎ㛗ሗ࿌)
6] Rees, John K. 1906, Contributions from the Obs. of Columbia Univ., No. 1. The Rutherfurd Photographic Measures, No.1. Lew
㸦ఏグ㸧
http://articles.adsa 906CoRut...1...5R
7] Gould, B. A. 1895, Memoir of Lewis Morris Rutherfurd, 1816 – 1892, Repo [9
rt al Academy, pp. 415 – 441.
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ions
[9
the
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ith the
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rvations
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ts, 39, 129 (6-prism
[1
┿ࠊࣉࣞ
ࢹࢫࠊࣉࣞࢭ࣌ᫍᅋീ)
[1 867, AN, 68, 183 – 186,
[1 13 –
[1 . 1892, The Obs., 15, 49 – 51
[1
nal Argentino en
[1 . 1873, Philosophical Mag. 46, 418, On diffraction spectrum photography.
ᑠᬽᬛ୍㸦ඖி㒔Ꮫ㸧 tkogure@pa2.so-net.ne.jp
04] Gould, B. A. 1
Schreiben des Herrn Dr. Gould an den Heausgeber.
05] Gould, B. A. 1878, The Obs., 2, 19, Celestial Photography. 㸦Rutherfurd
ᮃ㐲㙾ࢆయࡋࡓࣞࣅ࣮ࣗㄽᩥ㸧
06] Rees, J. K
Preliminary notice of the Rutherfurd’s star-plates.
07] Gould, B. A. 1879, Resultados del Obervatorio Nacio
Cordoba, Uranometria Argentina, pp. 385. (ࢫ࣌ࣥㄒ)
for Nation
㸦ఏグ㸧
8] Rutherfurd, L. M., 1863, Amer. J. Sci. & Arts, 35, 71, Astronomical observat
[108] Rees, J. K. 1897, Bull. Yerkes Obs. of the Univ. Chicago, 5, 431 –435.
09] Draper, H with the spectroscope. 㸦➨ 1ㄽᩥ㸧
9] Taylor, F. W. et al. 2004, in Jupiter: The planet, satellites and magnetosphere, Bagenal, F. et al. (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 59 – 78, The composition of atmosphere of Jupiter.㸦ᮌᫍศග㸧
00] Rutherfured, L. M. 1863, Amer. J. of Sci. and Arts, 35, March, 407, Astronomical observations w
spectroscope. II. 㸦➨2ㄽᩥ㸧
01] Rutherfured, L. M. 1863, Amer. J. of Sci. and Arts, 36, June, 154, Obse
on stellar spectra. 㸦➨3ㄽᩥ㸧
02] Rutherfured, L. M. 1864, Amer. J. of Sci. and Ar
spectroscope).
