Cul t ur al Di ver S北y and val ue cr i t er i a i n l cT・r el at ed Behavi or
, A vi e、¥ f l ' om t he AI ' t i f act Devel opm ent Anal ys i s
M as aal d Kur os u
I nf or mat i 0訂田l d c ommuni c at i on TCC11n010gy ( 1CT) h鴫 evo】vcd cxpl os i vcl y s i ncc t ho l at C 1990' S. NOW 、vc ar c m 小C mi ds t of var i ous l cT、r cl at cd ar t i f act s and dl angi ng 0111' bC1肌Vi or pat t cr " s i n pr opor t i on l o t hal dcvcl opmcnt . But i f
、vc l ook ar ound 011r S11r r oundi ngs and 111C 、vor l d 社S n whol e, 、N, C Can f i nd di f f er C川 Pat t cm of huma11 bchavi or us i ng s ucl 】
I i f c
ar t i f act s . TI 】C 、vay pcopl c S11apc up t 11Ci l 0、vn Onvi r omη ont by adopt i n豊 t hc ar t i f act i s not 肌mc t o a11 0f us .
、V11nt peopl o s el cct t o us c f or achi cvi " g t 110j r goal var i cs dcpC訂di 口g on r 11ei r cul t { 1r c and t 11C val uc s ys t om. 、¥11at Pcopl c r C豊ar d s omct hi ng 給 Us cf Ⅱ】 a】1d 11Sabl o di f f cl ' S dcpC11di " g on t l 〕c di vcr s i t y of pcopl c and t 11C C111t 11r c.
1. I nt r oduc t i on
I n t hi s cl 〕apt cr , t 11C a11t 110r f i r st cl assi acs di f f er 011t cat ogor i cs of
Cul t 11r c t 11al i s not t 11C s amc 、vi t h al o co】1Vcnt i onal dcf i " i t i o" of
Cul t ur o as r cpr es en{ i 11g s pcci f i c pat t cr ns of bel 】avi or , T11C aut 110r docs not t 11i " k ul c conccpt of cU1如r c as bas cd on t 11e Cat cgor y of " nat i on" , a11d S110、vcd how di f f cr cnt t ypcs of Cul t ur e wc havc. Thcn hc di f f eTC酌t i at cd t 11C Poopl o i nt o t 11C C0Π 5Umcr 田l d 壮) o us or bas cd on t hc phas c of r ol et i onS11i p 、vi t l ,
I hc ar l i f act and S110、、, cd 110w di f f cr 剖l t va111e cr i t cr i a 町e r ol ar cd
t o Hl c bchavi or of cadl t ype of pcopl c. Fr om amo】礁 t 11C I ar 8e numbcr of cr i t cr i a, t 11C aut 110r f ocus cd on t 110 us abi l i t y as an i 口I POTt a11r ql 】al i t y cl 】anct cr i 5t i c of ar { i f act s a11d t hc Sal i s f act i on as an ul t i m狂t c goal of 小C 11Scr . <t Hl c samc umc, 壮I c a11t hor put emphas i s on cons i dor i ng t ho di vcr s i t y of pcopl c, and poi nt ed 仙nt t hc des i gner s houl d cons i dcr s uch di ver s i w as WCⅡ郎 t 11C C01] s t r ai nt s f or manuf aC印r i ng dl c ar Ⅱf ecl , Thc di vcTs i t y of ar t i f act S 11as bocn genor at ed bas cd on S11Ch f act or s 卵、V011 as t ho C111t Ⅱr al back目r ound'
di s ci pl i no ba5ed t hal Aηal ys i s ( <D<) i s a " e、V On C011Si dor at i on. <n cmpi r i cal r c$ul t on t hc s cl ccl i on of Comm11ni c at i oTl dc vi c c i s S110、vn as t o f ac i l i t at c t 11C Undcr 5t a訂di l ] g of t hC <D< a" d t hc dat a ob捻i ncd i n J apan and I hc us s howcd 110唱, C111れl r e of di 仟CTcnt ca{ cg01γ i S 皐仟Ccl i " g al c bchavi or of pcopl c.
I t i s i nt c『cs t i 11e t 11at many pcopl c i 11Cl udi ng 札I c ma5S mcdi a, t 11C i ndus t r y pcopl c and cven t hc acadcmi c pr of cs s i onnl S 11SC t ho t CΠ れ" cul t ur c" as s i mpl y mcani ng al c " nat i onal cul t 11r c" 】" S11C11 a 、vay aS <mor i can cul t Ⅱr o, Fr cnch cU1れl r e a11d J apancs o CI 】1t ur c, 1r i 5 1Π I c t 11at t 11C CO】1Ccpl of C111Π 】r c caη Ces i l y bccomc obⅥ011S by pr ovi di 11豊 t 11C cont 011r , i n 0小Cr wor ds , 111e Cxt cns i on of t 11e c01】ccpt . <nd " 1C bor dcr bct 、vccn count r i cs Ca11 bo us ed as an cas y way f or s ot t i na up t 110 cont our .
* 1: Thc opcn uni vcr s i l y of j apml , pr of しSSO「, Thc cr aduat c U11i vcr s i t y f oT <dv01] ccd S1キ1di cs , pr of cs s ot '
Thc nat i on i s a pol i t i cal ar oa s cpar at cd by t 11C gcoar aphi cal bor dcr . A訂d t 11e pol i t i cs l i mi t s pcopl e a11d commodi t i cs f r om goi nき Our a11d comi ng i n t o t 1祀 11at i 011. <S a nnt ur al Cons cqucncc, t 11Cr c cmcr gcs a uni que cul t 11Tc compar cd t o 0" 1CI ' C0山〕t r i cs . < nat i onal cul t 1Ⅱ' c may bc i ⅡauC11Ccd by 0山Cr cul t LⅡ' cs by 小e t r af " c of poopl c and commodi t i os and mor c of 1剖l by 111C i nvas i on a11d 小C s ubj ugat i on. Thc l a杜Cr
O ccur s f r cquent l y w hcn s om e nat i on i s occupi ed by anodl cr
nat i on ar l d i s mcr 菖Cd i 11t o i t .Bcs i dcs , i t i s qui t c cas y f or us t o f eC1 ν ar i 011S ki nds of
di f f cr cnco i n t ho cha皿Ct er s et a11d t hc l ang11agc, 小C manner of2. 1 N; , t i onal CⅡHⅡN 2.
Rangc of dcf i ni t i on of cul ul r c i s qui r c di vcr s c as Kr oeber and Kl uck11011n ( 1963) , f or cxampl c, 1i s t cd 164 di f f cr cnt dcani t i 011S. 1t i s not 小e goal of 仙i s C1松Pt 01' t o r c・doano t hc Conccpl by s pccul at i ng on t 11at var i ous dcf i ni t i on. 111 小i s CI 】apt cr , t 11C aut hor s i mpl y dcf i ncs i l as " 1he way Pι OP/ ι / hhl k, he/ i ι ν e, ι l ehα ν ι a" d Ⅱ1α ke α 11d 訂Se l he al ' 1i l hC11hal i ぶ Shal ' ed andi Ⅱher heda" 10" ga' アι C加Cgm1φ ψ ' Pι Opl e"
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5
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