ɊɈɅɖ ɋȿȾɂɆȿɇɌȺɐɂɈɇɇɕɏ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈȼ ȼ ɋȺɆɈɈɑɂɓȿɇɂɂ ȼɈȾɇɕɏ ɈȻɔȿɄɌɈȼ
ROLE OF SEDIMENTATION IN NATURAL SELF-CLEANING
ɤɨɧɰɟɧ-ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɨɦ ɢɯ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɂ.Ⱦ.Ɋɨɞɡɢɥɥɟɪɨɦ [5].
Ⱦɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɞɨɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ,ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢ-ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ,ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ [3]. ɗɬɨ ɬɟɥɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɨɠɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ,ɚ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ - ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɫ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɟɣ. Ⱦɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸ-ɳɢɯ ɫɤɟɥɟɬ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ,ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ Ʌ.ȼ.Ɋɚɞɭɲɤɟɜɢɱɚ [4] ɞɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟ-ɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɚɦ ɫ ɧɟɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɟɨɬɥɨɠɟ-ɧɢɹ, ɫɤɟ-ɥɟɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ.ɋɪɟɞɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ,ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɟɪɧɚɦɢ,ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ,ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɤɚɦɢ ɞɢɚ-ɬɨɦɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɟɣ,ɫ ɩɢɤɭɥɚɦɢ ɝɭɛɨɤ,ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɢɚ-ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ,ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ, ɱɪɟɡɜɵ-ɱɚɣɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɚ.ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛ-ɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɭɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ-ɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦ ɡɟɪɟɧ,ɝɪɚɧɭɥɨɦɟɬɪɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɤɟɥɟɬɚ,ɬɨ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ-ɦɟɬɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ.
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ.
Ⱦɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɭɸ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ.ɗɬɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩ-ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɡ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ,ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ. ɉɨ-ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ,ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞ-ɤɢɯ ɮɚɡ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ,ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ,ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
Ƚɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɪɨɜɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɟ-ɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.ɉɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɟɫɧɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɡ,ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ,ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ-ɦɢ,ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ.ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɬɨɥɳɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚ-ɧɢɰɟ «ɞɧɨ - ɜɨɞɚ»ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ,ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨ-ɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɩɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ-ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ,ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɥɟ-ɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ.ȿɟ ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɬɨɥɳɟ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɦɟɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ «ɞɧɨ – ɜɨɞɚ» - ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ [1].
ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ «ɞɧɨ-ɜɨɞɚ» ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ,ɨɛɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɢɥɚɯ, [7], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚɰɢɹ ɪɵɯɥɵɯ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ. Ɉɞ-ɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɧɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɨɧ-ɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ.ɉɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤ-ɬɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɥɨɫɶ ɭɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɧɚɞ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɨ-ɠɟɦ,ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ,ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫ-ɫɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɞɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ,ɩɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɥɨɠɟ ɦɨɠ-ɧɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɭɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɦɨɠ-ɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬ-ɜɨ ɫ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ.
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɹ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ,ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ,ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɞɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ,ɝɞɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɦɚɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨɜɫɟ.ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ,ɧɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɨɤɨɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɧɚɧɨɫɨɜ ɧɚɞ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɨɣ ɞɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ
cwdt
dc
H , (3) ɝɞɟ H-ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ɫ - ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɡɜɟɫɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ
w –ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɜɡɜɟɫɢ (ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ) t-ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ (3) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɡɜɟɫɢ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ:
t H W
e c
c
/
/ max
(4) ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (2) ɢ (4) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɢɫɵ-ɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ-ɰɢɢ ɜɡɜɟɫɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ,ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ,ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧ-ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɯ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ ɜɡɜɟɫɹɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɫɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɡɜɟɫɟɣ ɧɚ ɞɧɨ.Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ k ɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ (4) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢ-ɧɚ W/H, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɥɢɫɬɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ (d=0,05 ɦɦ, 'W =1,97 ɦɦ/ɫɟɤ)ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.
H, ɦ 0,5 1, 0 1,5 2 2,5 3 5
W/H*103,ɫɟɤ-1 3,9 1,93 1,32 0,99 0,79 0,66 0,39
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡ-ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ȻɉɄ5[5], ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ,ɱɚɫ
1 2 3 6 12 24
k*103,ɫɟɤ-1 0,061 0,083 0,125 0,075 0,043 0,024
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ (1) ɢ (2) ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɟɤɨɧɫɟɪ-ɜɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ W/H. ɗɬɨ ɩɨ-ɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɜɡɜɟɫɟɣ, ɭɞɚɥɟ-ɧɢɟ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɦ-ɩɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ.Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ,ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ,ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɦɟɥ-ɤɨɞɢɫɩɟɪɫɧɨɣ ɜɡɜɟɫɢ,ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ.
Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1.Ƚɚɥɤɢɧ Ʌ. Ɇ.,Ɇɢɡɚɧɞɪɨɧɰɟɜ ɂ. Ȼ.Ⱦɢɮɮɭɡɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɨɥɳɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. // ɋɛ.Ⱦɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ȼɚɣɤɚɥɚ.Ɇ., 1970. ɫ. 133-138.
2.Ʉɚɩɥɢɧ ȼ.Ɍ.ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ.Ⱥɮɬɨɪɟɮ.Ⱦɢɫ.ɇɚ ɫɨɢɫɤ.ɭɱɟɧ.ɋɬɟɩ.Ʉɚɧɞ.
ɏɢɦ.ɇɚɭɤ.ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ, 1073. ɢɪɤɭɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫ.ɭɧ-ɬ.
3.Ɇɢɡɚɧɞɪɨɧɰɟɜ ɂ.Ȼ.Ⱦɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ. 1983. ɫ. 46-99.
4.Ɋɚɞɭɲɤɟɜɢɱ Ʌ.ȼ.ɉɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ ɫɪɟɞ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 1970. ɫ. 286.
5.Ɋɨɞɡɢɥɥɟɪ ɂ.Ⱦ.ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ-ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɫɬɪɨɣɢɡ-ɞɚɬ. 1984. 263 ɫ..
6.əɤɨɜɥɟɜ ɋ.ȼ.ɢ ɞɪ.Ʉɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1975.
7. Wood L.W. Role of oligochaetes in circulation of water and solutes across the mud-water inter face.
// Verch. Inter. Limnol. - 1975- vol. 19, part 2., p. 153D
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ,ɫɟɞɢɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɨɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ,ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ.
Keywords: natural self-cleaning of water objects, destruction of non-conservative water admixtures, sedimentation processes, river bed sedimentations formation.
Ȼɨɪɨɜɤɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,ɋɩɚɪɬɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɭɥ., 2/1 (495) 261-49-12, [email protected] Ʉɭɪɨɱɤɢɧɚ ȼ.Ⱥ., ɝ.Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,ɋɩɚɪɬɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɭɥ., 2/1, (495) 261-49-12
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